Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências ISSN: 0001-3765 [email protected] Academia Brasileira de Ciências Brasil
CASTRO, SUSAN P.; CARVALHO, MARCELO A. Santonian dinocyst assemblages of the Santa Marta Formation, Antarctic Peninsula: Inferences for paleoenvironments and paleoecology Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, vol. 87, núm. 3, 2015, pp. 1583-1597 Academia Brasileira de Ciências Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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ˆ•‚€• o better nderstand the aleoenvironments of the lower-middle Santonian dinocyst data were obtained from the Santa arta orma tion arsen Basin ames oss Island Antarctic Peninsla. his stdy rovides the rst available quantitative dinocyst data for the Santa Marta Formation, which should more clearly re ect detailed changes in paleoenvironments, as recorded by uctuations in diversity and abundance. To record the Santonian dinocyst assemblaes from the arsen Basin 30 samles from an otcro of the achman Cras ember ( C section) were analyzed. hese assemblaes are dominated by eridiniacean dinocysts tyical of the sa eidini ora. A lower-middle Santonian age was determined after the recognition of dnciina riera and sa eidini creace zones. Cluster analysis based on quantitative data, yielded ve dinocyst assemblages: aniea eersaeridi Cadrea sa eidini and dnciina . wo Santonian blooms sa eidini and dnciina reconized in other reions were also recorded in the stdied section. he stratirahic distribtion shows an alternation between the assemblaes distinishin in the section si intervals. he hih abndance of the aniea assemblae at the ermost interval of the section reresents the shallower settin whereas the hih abndance of dnciina at the middle art of the section reresents the deeest settin. ‰ Š Santonian dinocysts Antarctica Cretaceos Santa arta ormation dinocyst blooms.
•‚ƒ‹ €•ƒ abndance and diversity in the sccession. hey show he arsen Basin contains one of the most etensive a distinct aleoenvironmental distribtion attern for marine Cretaceos sccessions (Albian-Camanian) the Santonian interval. his interval is characterized in the Sothern emishere (rancis et al. 2006). by sa eidini ora (Dettman and Thomson inocyst assemblaes from the Santa arta ormation 1987) tyical of near-shore conditions. owever the (Santonian-Campanian) show signi cant differences in dinocyst assemblaes sed for aleoenvironmental interretations differentiate between a more roimal Corresondence to: Ssan Paiva de Castro -mail: ssancastroyahoo.com.br and deeer settin in this section.
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In this stdy we sed clster analysis to responsible for the oblique extension along the determine assemblaes for the lower-middle eastern marin of the Antarctic Peninsla volcanic Santonian section of the Santa arta ormation. e arc and may have in uenced the evolution of back- also used ecological indices (diversity, equitability arc sedimentary basins from the ate rassic to the and dominance) to obtain a more detailed ate Cretaceos (Storey and Nell 1988 Storey et reconstrction of the aleoecoloy and deositional al. 1996). he arsen Basin sbsidence bean in environments. he followin isses are addressed the rassic as a reslt of continental riftin drin in this study: 1) quantitative and qualitative the early staes of the brea of ondwana and its comosition of dinocysts from the Santa arta sediment ll was wholly derived from the volcanic ormation and aleoecoloical interretation of the arc. he northern art of the arsen Basin was assemblaes 2) timin of the bloom of dinocysts 3) de ned as the James Ross Sub-basin by Del Valle the relationship between sea-level uctuations and and orcade (1992). he volcano-sedimentary the comosition of dinocyst assemblaes and ) sequences are best exposed on and around James reconstrction of lower-middle Santonian dinocyst oss Island (i. 1) where a nearly comlete assemblaes based on their stratirahic distribtion Atianocene sccession cros ot. to deciher the controllin mechanisms. SANA AA OAION he Santa arta ormation was oriinally OCAION sbdivided informally into Alha Beta and he arsen Basin is a ma or sedimentary basin on amma members (Olivero et al. 1986) however the eastern side of the Antarctic Peninsla (i. 1). de to reat lithostratirahic similarity between his basin was develoed in a bac -arc settin with the Alha and Beta members Crame et al. (1991) resect to a volcanic arc formed by the sbdction mered these members into one and denoted of a proto-Paci c oceanic crust beneath Gondwana them as the achman Cras ember. he (acdonald et al. 1988 athway 2000). he amma ember was renamed as the erbert oenin of the eddell Sea may have been Sond ember.
- ocation ma showin the stdied otcro of the achman Cras ember.
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he Santa arta ormation com rises siltstones and m dstones. herefore the section is interbedded sandstones siltstones m dstones represented by one facies association. A signi cant and t ffs with accretionary la illi and rare ro ortion of the elitic layers may in fact be conglomerated sand coquinas (Crame et al. 2006). altered volcanic t ffs as s ested by the hih hese de osits acc m lated in a marine inner to amo nt of carbonized wood framents. At the 10.5- outer shelf below a storm wave base with signi cant m level, the section is composed of ne sandstone, volcaniclastic s ly (Pirrie et al. 1991). lare fossilized wood framents of to m in Crame et al. (1991) formally divided the Santa lenth and carbonate concretions with diameters arta ormation into three members: the lower ranin from 0.5 to 2. m conformable with the achman Cras ember and the er erbert beddin lane (i. 2). Pirrie (1987) ositioned this So nd ember which cro o t in northwest ames concretion horizon a roimately 90 m above the oss Island and the abot ember in so theast base of the arambio ro . hese concretions ames oss Island. he achman Cras ember also contain ammonites bivalves well- reserved which is the focus of this study, is a sequence of lants and bioenic debris. he C section is sandstones and biot rbated silty sandstones and located in the area where Olivero (2011) de ned m dstones with a settin ranin from mid-shelf the Al ha and Beta members and seems to be to o ter shelf (Pirrie 1989 Crame et al. 1991). his related to the basal art of the Al ha ember iven member has been dated sin moll scan fa na the similarity of the facies and the occ rrence of and dino agellate cysts, which indicate an early carbonized lants and lare tree tr n framents. Santonianearly Cam anian ae (Crame et al. he sam les were re ared at the aboratrio 1991 eatin 1992). owever more recent st dies de Paleoecoloia eetal se Nacional s est that the ConiacianSantonian bo ndary niversidade ederal do io de aneiro in io de is within the lower 150 m of the achman Cras aneiro sin the standard Petrobras method of ember (cArth r et al. 2000) hence a late alynoloical re aration com iled by es i Coniacianearly Cam anian ae is liely. (1979) based on the methods develo ed by rdtman Accordin to Crame et al. (1991) the achman (193 1969) and aeri and Iversen (1966) amon Crags Member is equivalent to the Alpha and Beta others. In this method the mineral constit ents are members re orted by Olivero et al. (1986). In a destroyed by hydrochloric and hydro uoric acids recent st dy Olivero (2011) s ested a reressive before heavy-liquid separation. The remaining sequence for the Alpha and Beta members of the oranic matter was sieved thro h a 10-m Santa arta ormation. mesh rior to mo ntin on slides. he sam les were analyzed nder transmitted liht and bl e uorescence microscopes. The analysis was based he 30 sam les analyzed in this st dy were collected on the rst 200 palynomorphs counted for each slide. from an o tcro belonin to the achman Cras he aleoenvironmental inter retation was ember (SantonianCam anian) Santa arta supported using the association of dino agellate Formation, during eldwork (2006/2007) by a cysts (dinocysts) revealed by cl ster analysis. team from the National se m of the ederal Cl ster analysis based on ab ndance and niversity of io de aneiro ( ). he achman com osition was em loyed to establish ro ins Cras section ( C) analyzed in this st dy is 50- and to reconize the relationshi between taa m thic (i. 2). It is essentially a monotono s ( alynoloical analysis). he res lts are dis layed s ccession of intensely biot rbated sandstones in dendrorams.
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- Lithological pro le of Lachman Crags section (LC). Photos showing the LC section.
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Diversity (Shannon-Weaver), equitability and bla e was dominated by eridinioid dinocysts dominance indices were calc lated for all of the and demonstrated close af nities with Austral sam les sin the PAS software. he Shannon- forms ( i . 3). sa eidini was the most eaver diversity (S) which taes into acco nt the abndant dinocyst ens in the stdied section ab ndance of each s ecies was sed to characterize and the abndance crve showed low oscillation the diversity of the assemblages. The equitability ( i . 6). ettman and homsom (1987) inclde inde or evenness was calc lated to describe the sa eidini as one of four suggested dino agellate equity within assemblages. The evenness equals ora for the Antarctic Cretaceous and date the 1 if the abundances of all species are equal and sa eidini ora as Santonian. a roaches zero if one s ecies dominates the he diversity inde (S) varied from 0.38 to assemblae. ominance s ally rod ces the 2.59 ta a with an avera e of 2.02 whereas the o osite attern in the diversity inde. ih val es equitability (J) varied from 0.35 to 0.93, with an of dominance are s ally associated with a domain avera e of 0.82. hese indices demonstrate a rich of a s ecies or even a ro that has taen advantae dinocyst assembla e which is not ncommon of nfavorable conditions in the environment. for Santonian deosits at ames oss Island. he he eridinoid to onya lacoid (P/) ratio or dominance inde varied from 0.10 to 0.82 (avera e heterotro hic/a totro hic ratio introd ced by arland 0.20) reinforcin the resence of moderate to hi h (1973) was also em loyed to reconstr ct the chanes diversity. he hi h vales for dominance coincide in rimary rod ctivity in the eoloic ast (e.. with dnciina eas. shet et al. 199 ersteeh 199 Brinh is et al. A ASSSS N 1998). A peridinioid-dominated assemblage re ects low salinity and n trient-rich conditions (aminsi he dinocyst assembla es are tyically for the 1995) related to near-shore environments. In contrast Astral re ion. elby et al. (1987) roosed a low val es of the ratio i.e. onya lacoid-dominated dino agellate biozonation for the Late Cretaceous assemblaes indicate o en marine environments. he of Australia and de ned superzones and zones ratio is sed herein in the manner described by ersteeh ( i . ). he same zonal scheme was alied in (199) whereby P/ nP/(nPn) where n the this stdy. wo biozones were reco nized in the nmber of secimens conted P rotoeridinioid C section namely dnciina riera and dino agellate cysts (P-cysts) and G = gonyaulacoid sa eidini creace biozones ( i . ) both of dino agellate cysts (G-cysts). which are assi ned an early to middle Santonian he continental/marine (C/ ) ratio sed a e in the stdied section. herein was also described by erstee h (199). he he base of the dnciina riera one is ratio of continental to marine alynomorhs (C/ ) de ned by the oldest occurrence of dnciina is calclated as C/ nC/(nCn ) where n the riera , and the top is de ned by the oldest nmber of secimens conted C sores ollen occrrence of saeidini creace he rains and dinocysts acritarchs. he ratio s ested a e for the d n c iina ri era one was sed in this stdy to reconstrct the chan es in is early Santonian. he base of the saeidini terrestrial ints to the basin. creace Zone is de ned by the oldest occurrence of saeidini creace aniea creacea and its top is de ned by the oldest occurrence of wenty-two secies of dinocysts were reco nized es niea aceras its a e is s ested as middle in the samles (Aendi ). he dinocyst assem - to late Santonian.
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- The relevant dinocysts identi ed in the studied section: ) Cc ne e i s. ) is aeridi s ) c s aeridi s. ) dndc iina riera ) C aanie a icriensis ) inni ne snense ) sae idini s. ) C ad re a s. ) A idiadea s. ) inieries s. ) is aeridi c erri ) eers aeridi s. ) anie a creaceae .
The late Santonian age is not con rmed herein he aniea assemblae (averae of 16.8 becase es niea aceras was not recorded in the of the dinocyst assemblaes) is comosed only of stdied section. aniea and inni enera the former which maes an averae of 16.7 of all of the PAON ION NA INPAION dinocysts. he eers aeridi assemblae is Clster analysis was sed based on the ercenta e of comosed of eers aeridi is aeridi dinocyst genera and revealed ve dinocyst assemblages sric dini and Cc ne e i (averae ( i . 5) desi nated by their most dominant ta a. he of 10. of all dinocyst assemblaes). he assembla es are aniea eer s aeridi C ad re a assemblae has the lowest C ad rea saeidini and d n c iina . abndance (5. of dinocyst assemblaes)
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- ) Smmarized zonation from sae idini Serzone for Astralian esozoic alynoloy from elby et al. 1987. ) The stratigraphic distribution of dino agellates recorded in the studied succession. In gray the guide-species.
it is comosed only of C ad re a and aeenirnens and aeec in e rcsa enera. er annian he sae idini assemblae is comosed only In the lower Santonian three intervals are of sae idini and C aanie a enera it is the characterized on the basis of the alternation of the two second most abndant assemblae with an averae assemblages (Fig. 6). The rst and third intervals, of 30.7 of the total dinocysts. he most abndant i.e. at the base and the to of the stdied section assemblae is dnc iina (36.) it is comosed are dominated by the saeidini assemblae. of dnc iina c s aeridi Circ dini saeidini have been sed as indicators of inner inieries and A idiadea . esite bein more neritic conditions (e.. ettman and homson abndant when comared to sae idini assemblae 1987 eatin 1992 horn et al. 2009 Arai and the dnc iina assemblae has a hiher standard iviers 2013) and sest that terrienos ints deviation (18.7 vs. 21.7) which indicates a less revailed drin this eriod. his is also imlied by consistent stratirahic distribtion alon the section. the hih C/ ratio vales (i. 6).
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- Dendrogram (r-mode) of 15 dinocysts genera from the studied section showing the ve assemblages. Names in bold is the name of assemblae.
An saeidini bloom was recorded by Arai an inner neritic deositional environment with and iviers (2013) for the Santos and Camos basins considerable terrigenous in uence (Fig. 7a-b). This in Brazilian marins. hese researchers sest aleoenvironmental interretation is sorted by hih rnoff as the case of the saeidini bloom. the ternary diaram (cf. yson 1993 1995) (i. 7b). In the stdied section the diversity indices reach he ternary diaram in which interval oints are an averae of 2.0 in only one samle ( 2.6 at dominated by saeidini concentrates on the 1. m) (i. 6) corresondin to an increase in the near-shore eld (Fig. 7b). ercentae of the eers aeridi assemblae he clster analysis of dinocyst assemblaes and a decrease in ercentae of the saeidini after data normalization for slfr (salinity) total assemblage. The equitability, however, remains oranic carbon (OC) P/ (rodctivity) and C/ stable and above averae. (rnoff) ratios (i. 7c) revealed that the saeidini he hih abndance of saeidini secies assemblae is related to OC. his indicates that in the lower Santonian indicates in eneral oranic matter robably has a terrestrial oriin.
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- Stratirahic distribtion of dinocyst assemblaes and ecoloy indices and ratios. Abbreviations: C/ continental/ marine palynomorphs, P/G= peridinioid to gonyaulacoid dino agellates cysts. Dashed line = average values.
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7 - ) etailed stratirahic colmn showin the sccession of assemblae dominance. Paleobathymetry inferred from the assemblae data. S shallow and dee. ) ernary diaram showin the intervals and the dominant assemblaes. ) endroram (r-mode) of the assemblaes and salinity from the Slfr carbon oranic total (CO) rodctivity from the P/ ratio and rnoff from the C/ ratio. ) endroram of the dinocyst assemblaes.
At a deth of 20 m a maor environmental ntrient sly to this bloom and sested a chane is inferred on the basis of the hih abndance more distal environment (middle neritic) comared of dnc iina . In fact the dnc iina to the saeidini bloom. he sdden decrease riera consicosly dominates the dinocyst observed in the C/ crve sests the same attern assemblae. he hih abndance of dnc iina for ames oss Island. owever dnc iina has riera coincides with the ndings of Barreda et been sed as an indicator of inner/restricted marine al. (1999) also on ames oss Island. environments (e.. ister and Batten 1988 Abdel- Lower values of diversity, equitability and ireem et al. 1996 Cortinat 1993). Sien and C/ ratio are indicated in this interval (i. 6). A Vašíček (2002) included dnc iina in the salt- prominent dominance peak re ects the dnc iina marshy aleoenvironment ro (restricted shallow assemblae domain. As for the saeidini marine). Moreover, an existence of a monospeci c assemblae the bloom of dnc iina was also assemblae is sestive of restricted environmental recorded by Arai and iviers (2013) in the lower conditions (Saniori et al. 2008). Santonian. his demonstrates that the blooms robably In this interval the ternary diaram shows that had a wider eorahic scale. oreover Arai and the oints are concentrated in the microlanton iviers (2013) related the decrease in continental apices, re ecting a more marine condition (Fig. 7b).
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his condition is sorted by the dendrorams (.2 of all dinocysts) which has also been shown in ire 7c where the dnc iina interreted as an indicator of inner neritic conditions assemblae is associated with moderate slfr . ( ownie et al. 1971 Brinhis and achariasse 1988 ister and Batten 1988). aeenirnens and aeec in e he second interval is comosed of only two idde annian samles and the sa eidini assemblae is hree intervals are also reconized in the middle dominant (i. 6). Santonian (i. 6) these intervals contained for he third interval shows the consicos assemblaes: eers aeridi C a d rea dominance of the an iea assemblae saeidini and aniea . (i. 6). an iea is often associated with The rst interval is characterized by moderate sa eidini (e.. horn et al. 2009) becase vales of dinocysts from the eers aeridi and both are indicators of relatively near-shore inner C a d rea assemblaes. his association shelf marine environments. In fact the ternary is sorted by the clster analysis shown in diaram in ire 7b shows that this interval ire 7d. he eers aeridi assemblae is is dominated by an iea secies and the comosed of tyical onyalacoid dinocysts. In oints are concentrated at the sore aices. he eneral the onyalacoids esecially chorates dendroram also sorts the conclsion that the indicate shelf environments with normal salinity third interval reresents the shallowest condition conditions (e.. ozzhenniova 1965 Scll et al. of the entire section. he an iea assemblae 1966 illiams 1977 aan 1980 Sareant et al. is associated with hih rnoff as indicated by the 1987). Nevertheless accordin to Bcefalo-Palliani C/ ratio (i. 7c). and idin (1998) the C a d rea ens Stdies of an iea (e.. abib and Saeedi comrises chorate dinocysts that also indicate an 2007 horn et al. 2009 ohamed and areich inshore environment. his sorts the slihtly similar 2013) sest a reference for more temerate trend between the eers aeridi assemblae conditions. oreover the hih abndance of and the C a d rea and saeidini an iea coincides with sea-level chanes assemblaes (i. 7a b). he eers aeridi and associated with reressive eriods (e.. Asin C a d rea assemblaes are associated with 1988 abib and Saeedi 2007 horn et al. 2009 the P/G ratio (Fig. 7c); low values of the ratio re ect a ohamed and areich 2013). he hih vales of hih abndance of onyalacoids. an iea C/ ratios and P/ ratios and the low he ternary diaram (i. 7b) of the ee values of diversity in the third interval (Fig. 6) re ect rsaeridi and Ca drea assemblae the shallow marine condition of the stdied section. oints are slihtly more concentrated in the middle art of the ternary which cold sest a slihtly more distal environment in relation he followin conclsions were drawn from the to the sa eidini assemblae. Barron et al. reslts of the dinocyst assemblae and ecoloy (2010) sested that Ca drea secies indices of the C section: are indicators of oliotrohic waters which may Clster analysis of the lower-middle Santo - re ect a paleoenvironment further away from the nian dinocyst records from the achman terrienos sorce. Crags Member yields ve cyst assemblages: he second most abndant dinocyst in the sa eidini dnciina eersaeridi eersaeridi assemblae was C cneei Ca drea and an iea .
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In eneral the lower-middle Santonian com base em dados quantitativos produziu cinco sequence typi es Austral assemblages. It is charac - assembleias de dinocistos: an iea eersaeridi terized by moderate to hih secies diversity and Ca drea sa eidini e dnciina . as equitability, and the most abundant dinocysts are orações santonianas de sa eidini e dnciina eridiniacean. his dominance is associated with reconhecidas em outras regiões, também foram registradas the dnciina assemblae and may be related na seção estudada. A distribuição estratigrá ca mostra to the hiher salinity interval. uma alternância entre as assembleias, dividindo a seção he an iea assemblae is associated with em seis intervalos. A abundância elevada da Assembleia shallow marine conditions. an iea no intervalo serior da seo reresenta he aleoenvironment varies from inner o ambiente marinho mais raso, enquanto que a alta neritic with hih rnoff to middle neritic. abundância da Assembleia dnciina na arte mdia da seo reresenta m ambiente marinho mais rofndo. inocistos santonianos Antrtica his stdy was sorted by the Coordenao de Cretáceo, Formação Santa Marta, orações de dinocistos. Aerfeioamento de Pessoal de Nvel Serior (CAPS) scholarshi to S.P. Castro by the Conselho
Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientí co e Tecnológico AB- I SCAN SA I A AN IBAI (CNPq) grant no. 301573/2013-1 to M. Carvalho, the IA . 1996 . Cretaceos aleoecolo y aleo eo rahy Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa and aleoclimatolo y of the North estern esert yt. Afr arth Sci 22: 93-112. do stado do io de aneiro ( AP) rant no. AAI AN IIS C . 2013 . Dino agellate cyst super -26/103.028/2008 to . Carvalho. e than Petrobras dominance assembla es from the er Cretaceos of the eolo ist r. itsr Arai for his valable s estions Santos Basin offshore S Brazil and their alaeoecolo ical signi cance. Lewis JM, Marret F and Bradley L (Eds), abot dinocyst ecolo y. e than the anonymos 2013. Biolo ical and eolo ical Persectives of reviewers for their valable s estions. Dino agellates. The Micropalaeontological Society, Secial Pblications. eol Soc ondon . 285-292. ASIN A . 1988 . he alynolo ical record across the Cretaceos/ertiary transition on Seymor Island Para entender melhor os aleoambientes do Santoniano Antarctica. eol Soc Am em 169: 155-162. inferior-mdio dados de dinocistos foram obtidos da BAA PAA AC S AN INA . 1999 . Palinolo a de la ormacin idden a e (Coniaciano- ormao Santa arta Bacia arsen ilha ames oss Santoniano) Isla ames oss Antrtida. ev s Pennsla Antrtica. ste estdo fornece os rimeiros icroaleontol 31: 53-72. dados quantitativos de dinocistos para a Formação de BAN A S O A AN ASSAA . 2010 . Palynolo y of the oarcian-Aalenian lobal Bondary Santa Marta, que re etem de forma mais detalhada Stratotye Section and Point (SSP) at entelsaz as mdanas aleoambientais re istradas a artir das (ower- iddle rassic Iberian an e Sain). ev curvas de utuações de diversidade e abundância. Para Palaeobot Palyno 162: 11-28. BINIS BA P S I S AN re istrar as assembleias de dinocistos do Santoniano ISSC . 1998 . Dino agellate-based sea surface da Bacia do arsen foram analisadas 30 amostras de temeratre reconstrctions across the Cretaceos- um a oramento do Membro Lachman Crags (Seção ertiary bondary. Palaeo eo r Palaeocl 1 1: 67-83. BINIS AN ACAIASS . 1988 . Dino agellates C). stas assembleias so dominadas or dinocistos cysts from the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary sequence of peridinióides típicos da ora sa eidini . As idades l ef N nisia. ar icroaleontol 13: 153-191. osantoniano e esosantoniano foram determinadas BC AO- PAIANI AN IIN B . 1998 . he Palynolo y of the oarcian-Aalenian transition in the ittna as o reconhecimento das zonas dnciina riera borehole (Oberrhein Sothwest ermany). Nees ahrb e sa eidini creace . Anlise de a ramento eol P-A 210: 1 3-18 .
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(Identi ed dinocyst taxa)
A idiade a s. indet. eersaeridi cnnc - Cooson and Cannin ia s. indet. isenac 1968. C aan iea s. indet. eersaeridi eeracan - (De andre and C aan iea riaria (Cooson and isenac Cookson, 1955.) Eisenack and Kjellström, 1972. 1960.) entin and illiams 1976. C aan iea eersaeridi s. indet. isinsa (Cooson and isenac 1970) entin sricdini cr - De andre, 1935. and illiams 1976. a idini s. indet. C aan iea icriensis - (Cooson and anm sa e idini e asense - (Cooson and isenac 196) entin and illiams 1976. mendation: 1961) entin and illiams 1977. ebedeva in Ilyina et al. 199 as C aan iea sa e idini s1. icriensis . sa e idini s2. C a d rea s. indet. sa e idini s. indet. Circ dini disic - (De andre and Cookson, anie a aa - (Cooson and isenac 1968) 1955.) ansonis 1986. B€a and avies 1983. Circ dini s. indet. anie a s. indet. Ccne ei c ac - De andre and anie a creacea - (Cooson 1956). B€a and Cooson 1955. avies 1983. Ccne ei s. indet. dnciina cri rda - De andre and icndini s. indet. Cooson 1955 in ni nesnense - (Cooson 1956.) vitt dnciina rera - Cooson 1956 et al. 1967. dnciina s. indet. in ni s. indet. i saeridi c e - ( hite 182) avey in ni esrai - (Cooson and isenac and illiams 1966. 1958.) vitt et al. 1967. mendation: ay 1977 i saeridi cerri - (De andre and as in ni esrai . Cooson 1955) avey and illiams 1966. rcsa circ ae - (Clare and erdier 1967.) i saeridi s. indet. Stover and elby 1987. inidini ecinide - (Cooson and isenac rcsa s. indet. 1960) entin and illiams 1976. mendation: Exochosphaeridium bi dum - (Clare and erdier Sverdlove and abib 197 as De andrea 1967.) Clare et al.1968. mendation: avey ecinidea 1969 as Exochosphaeridium bi dum . inieries rass ( hrenber 1838) antell c s aeridi ra ies - avey et al. 1966. 185. c s aeridi s. indet. inieries s. indet.
An Acad Bras Cienc (2015) 87 (3)