PRE-FEASIBILITY STUDY for OFFSHORE WIND FARM DEVELOPMENT in TAMIL NADU the European Union Is a Unique Economic and Political Partnership Between 28 European Countries
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EUROPEAN UNION PRE-FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR OFFSHORE WIND FARM DEVELOPMENT IN TAMIL NADU The European Union is a unique economic and political partnership between 28 European countries. In 1957, the signature of the Treaties of Rome marked the will of the six founding countries to create a common economic space. Since then, first the Community and then the European Union has continued to enlarge and welcome new countries as members. The Union has developed into a huge single market with the euro as its common currency. What began as a purely economic union has evolved into an organisation spanning all areas, from development aid to environmental policy. Thanks to the abolition of border controls between EU countries, it is now possible for people to travel freely within most of the EU. It has also become much easier to live and work in another EU country. The five main institutions of the European Union are the European Parliament, the Council of Ministers, the European Commission, the Court of Justice and the Court of Auditors. The European Union is a major player in international cooperation and development aid. It is also the world’s largest humanitarian aid donor. The primary aim of the EU’s own development policy, agreed in November 2000, is the eradication of poverty. http://europa.eu/ PRE-FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR OFFSHORE WIND FARM DEVELOPMENT IN TAMIL NADU MAY 2015 THIS REPORT IS CO-FUNDED BY THE EUROPEAN UNION TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD ...............................................................................................................................9 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.............................................................................................................12 1 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................14 2 SUMMARY OF REVIEW OF EXISTING STUDIES...................................................................15 3 OFFSHORE WIND RESOURCE MODELLING .........................................................................16 3.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 16 3.2 WIND FLOW MODELLING ........................................................................................................ 16 3.3 MODEL OUTPUTS................................................................................................................. 17 3.4 WIND SPEED CONFIRMATION ................................................................................................... 17 3.5 CONSIDERATION OF UNCERTAINTY............................................................................................. 18 4 SELECETION OF POTENTIAL WIND FARM ZONES...............................................................19 4.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 19 4.2 METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................................. 21 4.3 IDENTIFICATION OF EXCLUSION ZONES CONSTRAINT PARAMETERS ......................................................... 22 4.4 WEIGHTING OF SPATIAL INFLUENCES .......................................................................................... 24 4.5 PRELIMINARY POTENTIAL ZONES FOR DEVELOPMENT ......................................................................... 25 5 PRELIMINARY WIND FARM DESIGN ..................................................................................28 5.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 28 5.2 SUMMARY OF COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE WIND TURBINES ................................................................... 28 5.3 REVIEW OF CLIMATIC CONDITIONS IN THE TAMIL NADU REGION ........................................................... 29 5.4 SITE SPECIFIC POWER PRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 33 5.5 WIND TURBINE TRACK RECORD ................................................................................................ 37 5.6 WIND TURBINE FOUNDATION CONSIDERATIONS .............................................................................. 38 5.7 ZONE LEVEL ENERGY PRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 38 6 PRELIMINARY TECHNICAL CONSIDERATION FOR EACH ZONE...........................................46 6.1 HIGH LEVEL FOUNDATION AND GEOTECHNICAL SCREENING STUDY ......................................................... 46 6.2 HIGH LEVEL WIND FARM ELECTRICAL CONCEPT CONSIDERATIONS .......................................................... 69 6.3 HIGH LEVEL INSTALLATION CONSIDERATION .................................................................................. 75 6.4 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE CONSIDERATIONS........................................................................... 87 7 HIGH LEVEL PRELIMINARY PROJECT COSTING ................................................................. 94 7.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 94 7.2 COST OF ENERGY BASELINE ASSUMPTIONS ................................................................................... 94 7.3 PROJECT CAPACITY .............................................................................................................. 95 7.4 WIND TURBINE SIZE............................................................................................................. 95 7.5 WIND TURBINE SPACING ........................................................................................................ 95 7.6 COST MODELLING APPROACH ................................................................................................... 95 7.7 KEY ASSUMPTIONS AND CAVEATS .............................................................................................. 98 7.8 PROJECT COST ESTIMATES ...................................................................................................... 99 7.9 COST OF ENERGY HEAT MAPS................................................................................................ 104 7.10 PROJECT COST SUMMARY..................................................................................................... 106 8 KEY TECHNICAL RISK CONSIDERATIONS ........................................................................108 8.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 108 8.2 HIGH LEVEL QUALITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF MAIN TECHNICAL RISKS ...................................................... 108 9 HIGH LEVEL FINANCIAL FEASIBILITY FOR OFFSHORE WIND..........................................113 9.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 113 9.2 MODE OF FINANCE ATTAINABLE FOR OFFSHORE WIND PROJECTS IN INDIA............................................... 113 9.3 INCENTIVES FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY IN INDIA ............................................................................ 117 9.4 CONSUMER UNIT COST OF ENERGY .......................................................................................... 121 9.5 SALE FROM CARBON CREDITS GENERATED .................................................................................. 121 9.6 POSITIVE IMPACT ON LOCAL INDUSTRIES THAT ARE ABLE TO SUPPORT THE OFFSHORE WIND ENERGY INDUSTRY .... 122 9.7 SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS ......................................................................................... 124 FOWIND – Tamil Nadu Pre-feasibility Report – www.fowind.in 5 Pre-feasibility Study for Offshore Wind Farm Development in Tamil Nadu • www.fowind.in 5 10 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT........................................................................125 10.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 125 10.2 THE PURPOSE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTS........................................................ 125 10.3 INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE ................................................................................................. 126 10.4 HIGH LEVEL PREDICTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS IN TAMIL NADU ................................................. 127 10.5 HIGH LEVEL ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL IMPACTS IN TAMIL NADU............................................................... 129 10.6 NATIONAL EXPERIENCE FROM RELEVANT SECTORS ......................................................................... 130 10.7 LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK IN INDIA APPLICABLE TO OFFSHORE WIND EIA .............................................. 131 10.8 INTERNATIONAL TREATIES TO BE CONSIDERED ............................................................................. 132 10.9 SUGGESTED EIA FRAMEWORK ............................................................................................... 133 11 WIND MEASUREMENT DEVICE LOCATION SELECTION ..................................................135 11.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 135 11.2 DEFINING MEASUREMENT OBJECTIVES....................................................................................... 136 11.3