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Linux and Electronics
Linux and Electronics Urs Lindegger Linux and Electronics Urs Lindegger Copyright © 2019-11-25 Urs Lindegger Table of Contents 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................... 1 Note ................................................................................................................ 1 2. Printed Circuits ...................................................................................................... 2 Printed Circuit Board design ................................................................................ 2 Kicad ....................................................................................................... 2 Eagle ..................................................................................................... 13 Simulation ...................................................................................................... 13 Spice ..................................................................................................... 13 Digital simulation .................................................................................... 18 Wings 3D ....................................................................................................... 18 User interface .......................................................................................... 19 Modeling ................................................................................................ 19 Making holes in Wings 3D ....................................................................... -
Introduction to Embedded C
INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED C by Peter J. Vidler Introduction The aim of this course is to teach software development skills, using the C programming language. C is an old language, but one that is still widely used, especially in embedded systems, where it is valued as a high- level language that provides simple access to hardware. Learning C also helps us to learn general software development, as many of the newer languages have borrowed from its concepts and syntax in their design. Course Structure and Materials This document is intended to form the basis of a self-study course that provides a simple introduction to C as it is used in embedded systems. It introduces some of the key features of the C language, before moving on to some more advanced features such as pointers and memory allocation. Throughout this document we will also look at exercises of varying length and difficulty, which you should attempt before continuing. To help with this we will be using the free RapidiTTy® Lite IDE and targeting the TTE®32 microprocessor core, primarily using a cycle-accurate simulator. If you have access to an FPGA development board, such as the Altera® DE2-70, then you will be able to try your code out in hardware. In addition to this document, you may wish to use a textbook, such as “C in a Nutshell”. Note that these books — while useful and well written — will rarely cover C as it is used in embedded systems, and so will differ from this course in some areas. Copyright © 2010, TTE Systems Limited 1 Getting Started with RapidiTTy Lite RapidiTTy Lite is a professional IDE capable of assisting in the development of high- reliability embedded systems. -
Embedded C Programming I (Ecprogrami)
To our customers, Old Company Name in Catalogs and Other Documents On April 1st, 2010, NEC Electronics Corporation merged with Renesas Technology Corporation, and Renesas Electronics Corporation took over all the business of both companies. Therefore, although the old company name remains in this document, it is a valid Renesas Electronics document. We appreciate your understanding. Renesas Electronics website: http://www.renesas.com April 1st, 2010 Renesas Electronics Corporation Issued by: Renesas Electronics Corporation (http://www.renesas.com) Send any inquiries to http://www.renesas.com/inquiry. Notice 1. All information included in this document is current as of the date this document is issued. Such information, however, is subject to change without any prior notice. Before purchasing or using any Renesas Electronics products listed herein, please confirm the latest product information with a Renesas Electronics sales office. Also, please pay regular and careful attention to additional and different information to be disclosed by Renesas Electronics such as that disclosed through our website. 2. Renesas Electronics does not assume any liability for infringement of patents, copyrights, or other intellectual property rights of third parties by or arising from the use of Renesas Electronics products or technical information described in this document. No license, express, implied or otherwise, is granted hereby under any patents, copyrights or other intellectual property rights of Renesas Electronics or others. 3. You should not alter, modify, copy, or otherwise misappropriate any Renesas Electronics product, whether in whole or in part. 4. Descriptions of circuits, software and other related information in this document are provided only to illustrate the operation of semiconductor products and application examples. -
Porting Musl to the M3 Microkernel TU Dresden
Porting Musl to the M3 microkernel TU Dresden Sherif Abdalazim, Nils Asmussen May 8, 2018 Contents 1 Abstract 2 2 Introduction 3 2.1 Background.............................. 3 2.2 M3................................... 4 3 Picking a C library 5 3.1 C libraries design factors . 5 3.2 Alternative C libraries . 5 4 Porting Musl 7 4.1 M3andMuslbuildsystems ..................... 7 4.1.1 Scons ............................. 7 4.1.2 GNUAutotools........................ 7 4.1.3 Integrating Autotools with Scons . 8 4.2 Repositoryconfiguration. 8 4.3 Compilation.............................. 8 4.4 Testing ................................ 9 4.4.1 Syscalls ............................ 9 5 Evaluation 10 5.1 PortingBusyboxcoreutils . 10 6 Conclusion 12 1 Chapter 1 Abstract Today’s processing workloads require the usage of heterogeneous multiproces- sors to utilize the benefits of specialized processors and accelerators. This has, in turn, motivated new Operating System (OS) designs to manage these het- erogeneous processors and accelerators systematically. M3 [9] is an OS following the microkernel approach. M3 uses a hardware/- software co-design to exploit the heterogeneous systems in a seamless and effi- cient form. It achieves that by abstracting the heterogeneity of the cores via a Data Transfer Unit (DTU). The DTU abstracts the heterogeneity of the cores and accelerators so that they can communicate systematically. I have been working to enhance the programming environment in M3 by porting a C library to M3. I have evaluated different C library implementations like the GNU C Library (glibc), Musl, and uClibc. I decided to port Musl as it has a relatively small code base with fewer configurations. It is simpler to port, and it started to gain more ground in embedded systems which are also a perfect match for M3 applications. -
Porting and Using Newlib in Embedded Systems William Gatliff Table of Contents Copyright
Porting and Using Newlib in Embedded Systems William Gatliff Table of Contents Copyright................................................................................................................................3 Newlib.....................................................................................................................................3 Newlib Licenses....................................................................................................................3 Newlib Features ....................................................................................................................3 Building Newlib ...................................................................................................................7 Tweaks ....................................................................................................................................8 Porting Newlib......................................................................................................................9 Onward! ................................................................................................................................19 Resources..............................................................................................................................19 About the Author................................................................................................................19 $Revision: 1.5 $ Although technically not a GNU product, the C runtime library newlib is the best choice for many GNU-based -
Anatomy of Cross-Compilation Toolchains
Embedded Linux Conference Europe 2016 Anatomy of cross-compilation toolchains Thomas Petazzoni free electrons [email protected] Artwork and Photography by Jason Freeny free electrons - Embedded Linux, kernel, drivers - Development, consulting, training and support. http://free-electrons.com 1/1 Thomas Petazzoni I CTO and Embedded Linux engineer at Free Electrons I Embedded Linux specialists. I Development, consulting and training. I http://free-electrons.com I Contributions I Kernel support for the Marvell Armada ARM SoCs from Marvell I Major contributor to Buildroot, an open-source, simple and fast embedded Linux build system I Living in Toulouse, south west of France Drawing from Frank Tizzoni, at Kernel Recipes 2016 free electrons - Embedded Linux, kernel, drivers - Development, consulting, training and support. http://free-electrons.com 2/1 Disclaimer I I am not a toolchain developer. Not pretending to know everything about toolchains. I Experience gained from building simple toolchains in the context of Buildroot I Purpose of the talk is to give an introduction, not in-depth information. I Focused on simple gcc-based toolchains, and for a number of examples, on ARM specific details. I Will not cover advanced use cases, such as LTO, GRAPHITE optimizations, etc. I Will not cover LLVM free electrons - Embedded Linux, kernel, drivers - Development, consulting, training and support. http://free-electrons.com 3/1 What is a cross-compiling toolchain? I A set of tools that allows to build source code into binary code for -
TASKING VX-Toolset for Tricore User Guide
TASKING VX-toolset for TriCore User Guide MA160-800 (v3.2) February 25, 2009 TASKING VX-toolset for TriCore User Guide Copyright © 2009 Altium Limited. All rights reserved.You are permitted to print this document provided that (1) the use of such is for personal use only and will not be copied or posted on any network computer or broadcast in any media, and (2) no modifications of the document is made. Unauthorized duplication, in whole or part, of this document by any means, mechanical or electronic, including translation into another language, except for brief excerpts in published reviews, is prohibited without the express written permission of Altium Limited. Unauthorized duplication of this work may also be prohibited by local statute. Violators may be subject to both criminal and civil penalties, including fines and/or imprisonment. Altium, TASKING, and their respective logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of Altium Limited or its subsidiaries. All other registered or unregistered trademarks referenced herein are the property of their respective owners and no trademark rights to the same are claimed. Table of Contents 1. C Language .................................................................................................................. 1 1.1. Data Types ......................................................................................................... 1 1.1.1. Bit Data Type ........................................................................................... 2 1.1.2. Fractional Types ....................................................................................... -
PDF, Postscript(Tm) and HTML Form
T2 System Development Environment Creating custom Linux solutions (Compiled from r369) René Rebe Susanne Klaus T2 System Development Environment: Creating custom Linux solutions: (Compiled from r369) by René Rebe and Susanne Klaus Published (TBA) Copyright © 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 René RebeSusanne Klaus This work is licensed under the Open Publication License, v1.0, including license option B: Distribution of the work or derivative of the work in any standard (paper) book form for commercial purposes is prohibited unless prior permission is obtained from the copyright holder. The latest version of the Open Publication License is presently available at ht- tp://www.opencontent.org/openpub/. Table of Contents Preface ....................................................................................................................x Audience ..........................................................................................................x How to Read this Book ...................................................................................... x Conventions Used in This Book ......................................................................... x Typographic Conventions .......................................................................... x Icons ........................................................................................................x Organization of This Book ................................................................................ xi This Book is Free ............................................................................................ -
Design and Implementation of Embedded Linux System for Networking Devices
Design and Implementation of Embedded Linux System for Networking Devices Hyun-Joon Cha Distributed Processing and Network Management Laboratory Division of Electrical and Computer Engineering (Computer Science and Engineering) [email protected] POSTECH Design and Implementation of Embedded Linux System (1/24) DP&NM Lab. for Networking Devices Contents • Introduction • Current Embedded Operating Systems • Requirements • Design of Embedded Linux System • Implementation • Conclusions • Future work POSTECH Design and Implementation of Embedded Linux System (2/24) DP&NM Lab. for Networking Devices Introduction • Networking Devices – Devices which has networking capability – Infrastructure of emerging information society • e.g.) Router, Switch, Gateway, Cache engine, Cellular phone, PDA, etc. – Network-capable devices will substitute current dummy and not- connected devices all around – Need more resources, processing power and OSs to coordinate it – Most networking devices use commercial Real-time OSs POSTECH Design and Implementation of Embedded Linux System (3/24) DP&NM Lab. for Networking Devices Introduction – cont’d • Embedded OSs for Networking Devices – Commercial: VxWorks, pSOS, QNX, Nucleus, LynxOS, VRTX, etc. – Free or Almost Free: Xinu, uC/OS, etc. • Frequently Raised Problems from Industry and Academy – No OS approach or using educational OS is harmful – High purchase price and royalty -> affect development cost and device price – Limited target and development platform – OS specific architecture and interface – Technology -
Wind River® Vxworks® 7 Third Party License Notices
Wind River® VxWorks® 7 Third Party License Notices This document contains third party intellectual property (IP) notices for the BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY Wind River® VxWorks® 7 distribution. Certain licenses and license notices THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, may appear in other parts of the product distribution in accordance with the OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN license requirements. ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. Trademarks All company, product and service names used in this software are for ACPICA identification purposes only. Version: 20170303 Component(s): Runtime Wind River and VxWorks are registered trademarks of Wind River Systems. Description: Provides code to implement ACPI specification in VxWorks. UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group. IBM and Bluemix are registered trademarks of the IBM Corporation. NOTICES: All other third-party trademarks are the property of their respective owners. 1. Copyright Notice Some or all of this work - Copyright (c) 1999 - 2016, Intel Corp. All rights reserved. Third Party Notices 2. License 2.1. This is your license from Intel Corp. under its intellectual property rights. You may have additional license terms from the party that provided you this software, covering your right to use that party's intellectual property rights. 64-Bit Dynamic Linker Version: 2.2. Intel grants, free of charge, to any person ("Licensee") obtaining a copy Component(s): Runtime of the source code appearing in this file ("Covered Code") an irrevocable, Description: The dynamic linker is used to load shared libraries. -
Choosing System C Library
Choosing System C library Khem Raj Comcast Embedded Linux Conference Europe 2014 Düsseldorf Germany Introduction “God defined C standard library everything else is creation of man” Introduction • Standard library for C language • Provides primitives for OS service • Hosted/freestanding • String manipulations • Types • I/O • Memory • APIs Linux Implementations • GNU C library (glibc) • uClibc • eglibc – Now merged into glibc • Dietlibc • Klibc • Musl • bionic Multiple C library FAQs • Can I have multiple C libraries side by side ? • Can programs compiled with glibc run on uclibc or vice versa ? • Are they functional compatible ? • Do I need to choose one over other if I am doing real time Linux? • I have a baremetal application what libc options do I have ? Posix Compliance • Posix specifies more than ISO C • Varying degree of compliance What matters to you ? • Code Size • Functionality • Interoperability • Licensing • Backward Compatibility • Variety of architecture support • Dynamic Linking • Build system Codesize • Dietlibc/klibc – Used in really small setup e.g. initramfs • Bionic – Small linked into every process • uClibc – Configurable • Size can be really small at the expense of functionality • Eglibc – Has option groups can be ( < 1M ) License • Bionic – BSD/Apache-2.0 • Musl - MIT • Uclibc – LGPL-2.1 • Eglibc/Glibc – LGPL-2.1 Assigned to FSF • Dietlibc – GPLv2 • Klibc – GPLv2 • Newlib – some parts are GPLv3 Compliance • Musl strives for ISO/C and POSIX compliance No-mmu • uClibc supported No-mmu Distributions • Glibc is used in -
Programming Embedded Systems, Second Edition with C and GNU Development Tools
Programming Embedded Systems Second Edition Programming Embedded Systems, Second Edition with C and GNU Development Tools Foreword If you mention the word embedded to most people, they'll assume you're talking about reporters in a war zone. Few dictionaries—including the canonical Oxford English Dictionary—link embedded to computer systems. Yet embedded systems underlie nearly all of the electronic devices used today, from cell phones to garage door openers to medical instruments. By now, it's nearly impossible to build anything electronic without adding at least a small microprocessor and associated software. Vendors produce some nine billion microprocessors every year. Perhaps 100 or 150 million of those go into PCs. That's only about one percent of the units shipped. The other 99 percent go into embedded systems; clearly, this stealth business represents the very fabric of our highly technological society. And use of these technologies will only increase. Solutions to looming environmental problems will surely rest on the smarter use of resources enabled by embedded systems. One only has to look at the network of 32-bit processors in Toyota's hybrid Prius to get a glimpse of the future. Page 1 Programming Embedded Systems Second Edition Though prognostications are difficult, it is absolutely clear that consumers will continue to demand ever- brainier products requiring more microprocessors and huge increases in the corresponding software. Estimates suggest that the firmware content of most products doubles every 10 to 24 months. While the demand for more code is increasing, our productivity rates creep up only slowly. So it's also clear that the industry will need more embedded systems people in order to meet the demand.