Sleep Paralysis By: Carmina Rojas

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The Liberty Ledger A P R I L 2 0 1 9 I S S U E 1 5 Sleep Paralysis By: Carmina Rojas

According to www.sleepfoundation.org “sleep para- tions happen lyzation and sleep hallucinations, while connecting when a per- to narcolepsy, work in interesting ways. Despite be- son wakes ing known to appear at the same time, they can al- up. Both so work separately. However, when they are in forms can sync, it is likely due to the person having narcolep- make the per- sy. Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder that son feel or makes a person tired throughout the day. Those see different with this disorder tend to have several symptoms, things rang- including the ones I stated (though there are also ing from feel- other reasons for them but this is the most coming a pres- mon).” ence in the room to feel- During sleep paralysis or ISP, when a person ing another wakes up, they often cannot move. This is common being on top between people, but those with narcolepsy also of them. tend to have hallucinations at some points. The sleep paralyzation itself it caused by the body There are sleeping when the brain is not, allowing the person three main forms of hypnagogic/hypnopompic to still be conscious. It happens between waking up hallucinations: and falling asleep, happening at least once in a per-  Incubus hallucination - During this, the son's lifetime. According to http://www.end-your- person will often feel pain or pressure on sleep-deprivation.com, the most common cause is their chest. This is caused by the REM sleep from REM or Rapid Eye Movement, the fifth stage because during it, airways become blocked, when falling asleep. During REM, the vivid mind will so waking during it causes shallow breathing have dreams while muscles are resting (called and muscle immobilization (making it seem REM atonia), however, when a person wakes be- as though someone or something is pushing fore it ends, it causes sleep paralysis due to the on them). rest of the body not waking up. Due to this, it usually ends in fear or breathlessness. As stated, this  Intruder hallucination - The intruder hallu- happens often in narcolepsy though it can also oc- cination makes it feel as though there anoth- cur normally. er person or being in the room. Though it is not certain, this is likely due to one of the According to www.sleepfoundation.org sleep hallu- parts of the brain that controls fear (called the cinations, in most cases, happen during sleep pa- amygdala). The subcortical thalamo amygda- ralysis, caused by trickery in the brain. To add, la pathway, the survival feature that alerts the there are two different kinds: hypnagogic hallucina- brain of danger, turns on so it creates these tions and hypnopompic hallucinations. The more hallucinations. After the mind realizes that common kind, hypnagogic hallucinations happen everything is safe, it turns off and it ends. when a person falls while hypnopompic hallucina-  Out of body experience (hallucination) - In The Liberty Ledger

Sleep Paralysis...Continued By: Carmina Rojas

the out of body experience, the person has the Sleep paralysis and sleep hallucinations sensation of floating in air and sometimes can are directly connected to each other, usually see themselves doing so. Usually (in the other caused by narcolepsy or some other disorder. hallucinations), the individual feels fearful, but Surprisingly, sleep paralysis (disallowing move- this form usually has a emotion of joy. The pari- ments before or after sleeping) is actually quite etal lobe, or angular gyrus is sometimes stimu- common and usually happens at least once per lated when the person is at rest, meaning that a person’s lifetime, though in more serious cas- when they wake up, the brain cannot figure out es, it occurs more often. In addition to this, hallu- what position they are in, causing this kind of cinations when in sleep can vary between differ- hallucination. ent episodes of ISP such as or feeling as though someone is in the room. The hallucinations in general are a mystery in some ways. There was no definite answer on how they Generally speaking, it is shown that both occur (consisting in all of the three forms). One the- sleep paralysis and sleep hallucinations are sci- ory states that when waking from REM sleep (with entific phenomenon with an interesting reason ISP), the brain does not completely unblock every around it. area that needs it, causing a hallucination.

Autism Awareness

By: Camille Bugayong Last year, I wrote an article titled “How It someone with a Feels To Have an Autistic Sibling”. In it I de- disability. No, au- scribed what it was like to live and be related tism is not conta- to someone who has autism. Since then, not gious. Please stop much has changed. The same things hap- asking. No, peo- pen in public when my family and I go out. ple with special (Odd stares from disapproving people when- needs aren’t ever my brother begins to act up) The same “freaks”. If you don’t know what autism is, things happen when a change occurs in his pick up a book and read about it. Go routine. (Throwing a giant fit and harming online and research about it. Or ask ques- himself). tions. However, if you choose not to do any of that, then keep the offensive com- People around the world have still continued ments to yourself. It disappoints me that it to make fun of those with special needs. needs to be explained why people should Even as I was walking down the school hall- be more tolerant about autism and how it way, I once heard someone say the phrase should not be thrown around as a joke. “You have autistic brain cells.” As an insult. They’re human beings too. (In case that wasn’t clear) People wear the color blue in “support” of autism and then What more is there to explain? Although turn around and make the same cruel and not every day is Autism Awareness Day, rude jokes. So why wear the color if you that is not an excuse to treat other people don’t have the respect? Please don’t cover with disabilities as if they aren’t equal for your children's eyes when you happen to see the remaining 364 days. The Liberty Ledger The Umbrella Academy (TUA) By: Tamyca Tunis

The Umbrella Academy is a Netflix TV show. This is based off the comic series by the former lead singer of the band My Chemical Ro- mance, Gerard Way, illustrations made by Ga- briel Ba. The Umbrella Academy is about a man named Reginald Hargreeves who adopts 7 of the 43 children born on October 1st, 1989. You may be wondering, What makes these kids so special? Here’s the thing, their mothers weren’t pregnant when that mysterious day had begun. These kids were raised in a former that really embody their characters. The umbrella factory, which explains the name, Umbrella Academy is great for people ‘Umbrella Academy”. #1 was now Luther, who who aren’t big fans of the traditional su- is part ape due to an accident. #2 was Diego, perhero franchises but is still excellent for who has perfect knife aim. #3 was Allison, she people who do enjoy superhero movies has the ability to make things come true fol- and comics. TUA is quick on its feet and lowing her stating “I heard a rumor…” #4 was constantly full of adventure and excite- Klaus, who has the ability to communicate with ment. TUA has definitely become one of the dead. #5 remained Number 5 and can my favorite TV series and is worth the time travel and space jump. #6 was Ben, he time. had octopus arms and #7 was Vanya, who was ordinary and didn’t have powers, as her There is one season of this spectacular other siblings did. The 6 children with super- show which has luckily been renewed for powers were used to form a superhero group a second season. The episodes are known as The Umbrella Academy. about an hour long with 10 episodes in season 1. However, the show is TV-14, The show takes place in 2019 when Reginald due to foul language and violence. The dies although there are a plentiful amount of Umbrella Academy is truly interesting flashbacks. It is worth mentioning that when 13 and makes me extremely excited for the years old, Number 5 became stuck in the fu- second season. The finale will leave you ture (AKA the post-apocalyptic world) after at- longing for more. TUA is absolutely a tempting to time travel. While at the funeral for show worth watching, so stream The Um- Reginald, Number 5 ends up returning to the brella Academy on Netflix! present day just days before the world is doomed to end. What will Number 5 do when people from the time commission begin to search for him to punish him? Will The Umbrella Academy be able to reunite to save the world? How can they even stop the end? And who/what causes it? Watch The Umbrella Academy to find out what happens!

The cast is made up of truly amazing actors The Liberty Ledger

By: Ogechi Udechukwu Betty Ford

Women have made many discoveries and leaving political life in 1976, after family inter- have excelled in their fields, such as Betty vention, Mrs. Ford underwent treatment for Ford, who raised awareness for breast addiction to alcohol and prescription drugs that cancer. According to the National Wom- successfully got rid of the addiction. She again en’s Hall of Fame, Betty Ford was born as used her personal story to raise public aware- Elizabeth Anne “Betty” Bloomer in Chica- ness of addiction, and in 1982, she co-founded go and was raised in Grand Rapids, Michi- the Betty Ford Center to treat victims of alco- gan. Later on in her life, she went to study modern hol. dance at Bennington School of the Dance. At Benning- ton, she met renowned choreographer Martha Graham She was also awarded honorary medals for her and became a member of her Auxiliary Performance feats, such as the Presidential Medal of Free- Troupe in New York City. Betty returned to Michigan in dom in 1991 and the Congressional Gold Med- 1941 and became a fashion coordinator for a depart- al, with her husband President Gerald Ford, in ment store. She still pursued her love of dance by start- 1999. ing her own performance group and teaching dance to disabled children. She later got married to Gerald Ford, Sadly, Betty Ford died in 2011, giving her the last name of Ford. They then moved to fortunately of natural causes. Washington, DC, where Mr. Ford served as a member of But Betty was not the only wom- the House of Representatives and Mrs. Ford took on the an deserving of honor. Countless duties of a congressional spouse. Mr. Ford was appoint- women have accomplished feats ed as the Vice President of the United States in 1973, that deserve honor, and they and after the resignation of President Richard Nixon, worked hard for those feats. became president. Moreover, we should honor and reflect on the women that make a difference in our lives. Our A few months later, Mrs. Betty Ford was diagnosed with mothers and teachers, who work hard and en- breast cancer. Instead of dissolving the diagnosis, she dure to provide for us and to help us learn. The boldly shared her story and inspired countless women women in our lives are ultimately the people across America to get breast examinations. Throughout who shape your world. Women everywhere are the duration as First Lady, she continued to speak out on worthy of praise and are as deserving of admi- women’s rights, addressing public issues like the Equal ration as much as all the inventors, researchers, Rights Amendment and increasing the number of wom- activists, writers, and trail-blazers that shape en appointed to senior government posts. Even after the world. The Liberty Ledger Bird’s Nest Mini Oreo Cheesecakes

By: Dorinda Destine

This simple cheesecake filling is filled with Oreos, baked like muffins and topped with chocolate shavings and candy eggs for Bird’s Nest Mini Oreo Cheesecakes, a fun easy spring des- sert for all.

Ingredients - ( Servings up to 18 mini cakes) 24 Oreos/chocolate sandwich cookies, DIVIDED 12 ounces (1 1/2 packages) cream cheese, at room tempera- ture 1/3 cup sour cream 1/2 cup sugar 1 teaspoon pure vanilla extract 2 eggs 1 milk chocolate bar, shaved or finely chopped into long, thin shards (about 1 1/2 ounces total) 36 mini candy-coated chocolate eggs

Step 1 - Position rack in center of oven and preheat to 350°F. Prepare muffin pans by lining 18 muffin cups with paper liners. Lay an Oreo in the bottom of each lined muffin cup. Chop the remaining 6 Oreos and set aside.

Step 2 - In a large bowl, use an electric mixer to beat the cream cheese until smooth. Blend in the sour cream and beat until fluffy. Add the sugar, vanilla, and one egg at a time; beat until well blended, scraping the bowl as needed. Fold in the chopped Oreos.

Step 3 - Evenly divide the cheesecake mixture between the 18 prepared muffin cups. Bake for 18 to 20 minutes or until the cheesecakes are puffed up and set in the middle. Allow the cheesecakes to cool for 10 minutes in the pan, then remove them to a cooling rack to finish cooling completely. Refrigerate them for several hours before removing the paper liners (which will help prevent the cheesecake from sticking to the liners).

Step 4 - Before serving, sprinkle each cheesecake with shavings/shards of chocolate (to re- semble a bird's nest) and place two candy-coated chocolate eggs on top.

By: Lauren Bulanhagui High School Step Team & Choir On February 22, the girls’ and boys’ step team and the Jubilee Choir came from the High School came to Liberty. The Jubilee Choir sang songs and one of them being a song by Aretha Franklin. The girls’ step team did a powerful performance while the boys' step team did a school-based, comedic performance. At the end of the assembly, both the Step Team and Choir performed a song together. The Liberty Ledger

Getting to Know Ms. Sylvester

By: Samantha Brooks

Where did you graduate and what was your major? I went to the University of Delaware and my major was Elementary teacher edu- cation with a concentration in middle school science.

What is your favorite part about your job? It is always interesting.

What is your least favorite part of your job? Chasing after students to do their work.

If you had to pick another profession, other What is your favorite book? I love the Harry than teaching, what would it be? Win the lot- Potter book series. tery and become a world traveler. What is your favorite T.V. show? My favorite What do you like to do outside of school? I television shows are The Office and Grey’s like to hang out with friends, go to the beach Anatomy. and go to concerts. What is your favorite movie? My favorite Do you have a hobby? I am learning how to movie is Jurassic Park. garden but I am failing at it. What is your favorite food? Italian food. I Do you speak another language? I took love pasta. Spanish until my senior year in high school. By: Ezra Simon ARTWORK The Liberty Ledger New Jersey Devils By: Maura Baker and Pictures by Nia Caesar

On March 6th, serval representatives from the New Jersey Devils hockey team came to Liberty to host a seminar on floor hockey. N.J. Devil, the team’s mascot was the highlight of the assembly as many students will say. Students had the opportunity to play floor hockey with N.J. Devil as well as with each other and Liberty’s mascot, Louie the Lion. This day also included the spirit day for the New Jersey Devils which was wear black, red or Devils gear, which was very popular amongst fans. Overall, the competitive hockey element really excited students and was a

RESTAURANT REVIEW April Dining Recommendation By: Tamyca Tunis

Hook & Reel Address: 495 Prospect Ave, West Orange, NJ 07052 Hours: Sunday through Thursday ~ 12-10 PM Friday and Saturday ~ 12PM-12AM Type: Seafood Price Range: $$$ Rating: 4.5 stars

Hook & Reel is a great seafood restaurant and is especially good if you want to go to a seafood restaurant whilst still staying in the local area. Hook & Reel serves their seafood in a bag which is a Southern staple. The employees are very kind and helpful. Also, the restaurant itself is visually pleasing and appealing, it also has a kind of rustic vibe. This establishment has lobsters, crawfish, shrimp (head on or off), a variety of crabs, among many other kinds of seafood. There were several juices as well as alcoholic drinks at the bar.

The restaurant also sells appetizers and desserts, as well as other items. While at this restaurant, we had crawfish, shrimp, and crab, about a half pound of each (although we ended up ordering a total of 3 bags food). Of course, they were mixed together in a bag with spicy sauce and corn on the cob and potatoes. We also had some of the compli- mentary baked potato chips, at first I was nervous because it had a very unusual appearance, however, it was really good. Also, we ordered mozzarella sticks with marinara sauce as our appetizer. I thought the food was prepared in a surprisingly timely manner despite how full the restaurant was. The seafood is also fresh, and not frozen. I believe the food was decently priced, for frame of reference, our meal total was about $90 ($105 with our tip) and there were three people and we purchased three bags. I must say, Hook & Reel is not the ideal restaurant to go to if aren’t willing to get a little dirty. Luckily, the establishment provides gloves and bibs for customers to messily enjoy their meal.

My only complaints are that the menu is kind of confusing because there’s so much go- ing on. I wish there were more drink options and a ¾ pound option so that I could order exactly how much food I want instead of having to get more than needed. However, these few difficulties will not discourage me from coming back. Although I have only gone to Hook & Reel once, I will definitely be returning to this eatery soon! The Liberty Ledger One Day at a Time (ODAAT) By: Tamyca Tunis

One Day at a Time is a Netflix modern-day remake of the original tv series of the same name from well over 40 years ago. This show focuses on the life of Penelope Alvarez, a Cuban-American and former army medic, now a nurse, as she navigates through life with her two children Elena and Alex, and her mother, Lydia after divorcing her husband. Not to forget, Schneider, the funny and entertaining landlord, and an honorary member of the Alvarez clan. In addition, the family is Latina in this reboot, as opposed to the white family that starred in the initial series.

One of the best things about this show is how it presents important and serious topics in interesting and entertaining ways. Although very entertaining, ODAAT always manages to include a message or theme in each of their half-hour episodes. One Day at a Time does not fail to educate viewers on serious topics such as alcohol addiction, smoking/vaping, sexual harassment, racism, discrimination, sexism, mental illnesses, feminism, homophobia, religion, immigration, divorce, and so much more. Also, it has so much representation including from the LGBTQ+ community, Ca- nadians, and people of color. ODAAT is a great way to enjoy a show while also improving and edu- cating yourself on significant issues. ODAAT was able to provide a voice to millions of underrepresented minorities who otherwise wouldn’t have one.

One Day at a Time brought something new to the table, that wasn’t really there before. I don’t want to spoil the show for any possible viewers, but you will quickly understand what I mean when I say that ODAAT is one of a kind. I completely and wholeheartedly believe that this version of ODAAT will be re- membered for decades to come, likely as the pioneer for similar TV shows. ODAAT is definitely a game-changer for TV and the media and will hopefully encourage other TV companies and channels to be more representative and diverse.

ODAAT is perfect for families as it has a PG-TV rating which makes it appropriate for most ages. Also, the messages of this family-friendly show apply to various ages. ODAAT is ideal for those who enjoy comedies and people that are interested in learning more about current topics. Plus, it might be appealing to people of the many underrepresented groups portrayed in this show. ODAAT maybe one of the greatest modern takes on older shows. It’s relatable, funny, enjoyable, and a great way to appreciate TV while feeling like you are learning and benefiting from it.

There are three seasons of ODAAT available on Netflix. Sadly, One Day at a Time will not be renewed for a fourth season. Despite this tragedy, channels and companies such as CBS are interested in picking up the show. If you are looking for a new show to watch on Netflix, I would definitely recommend One Day at a Time due to the fact that it is educational, represents a variety of people, and is extremely entertaining.