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Malaysia Region: East Asia and the Pacific Income Group: Upper Middle Income Source for Region and Income Groupings: World Bank 2018

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Malaysia Region: East Asia and the Pacific Income Group: Upper Middle Income Source for Region and Income Groupings: World Bank 2018 Malaysia Region: East Asia and the Pacific Income Group: Upper Middle Income Source for region and income groupings: World Bank 2018 National Education Profile 2018 Update OVERVIEW In Malaysia, the academic year begins in January and ends in December, and the official primary school entrance age is 6. The system is structured so that the primary school cycle lasts 6 years, lower secondary lasts 3 years, and upper secondary lasts 3 years. Malaysia has a total of 5,829,000 pupils enrolled in primary and secondary education. Of these pupils, about 3,085,000 (53%) are enrolled in primary education. FIG 1. EDUCATION SYSTEM FIG 2. NUMBER OF PUPILS BY SCHOOL LEVEL FIG 3. EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, YOUTH (IN 1000S) AGES 15-24 School Entrance Age: Primary school - Age 6 Upper Secondary Duration and Official Ages for School Cycle: 1,365 Primary : 6 years - Ages 6 - 11 no data Lower secondary : 3 years - Ages 12 - 14 Upper secondary : 3 years - Ages 15 - 17 Primary 3,085 Academic Calendar: Lower Starting month : January Secondary 1,380 Ending month : December Data source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics Data Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics 2017 SCHOOL PARTICIPATION AND EFFICIENCY The percentage of out of school children in a country shows what proportion of children are not currently participating in the education system and who are, therefore, missing out on the benefits of school. FIG 4. PERCENTAGE OF CHILDREN OF PRIMARY SCHOOL AGE OUT FIG 5. PERCENTAGE OF CHILDREN OF SECONDARY SCHOOL AGE OF SCHOOL OUT OF SCHOOL 100 100 90 90 80 80 70 70 60 no data 60 no data 50 50 40 40 30 30 20 20 % of Children Out of School of Out of Children % % of Children Out of School 10 10 #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A 0 0 Male Female Urban Rural Richest Poorest Total Male Female Urban Rural Richest Poorest Total Quintile Quintile Quintile Quintile Gender Urbanicity Income Total Gender Urbanicity Income Total Figures 6 and 7 look at indicators of participation, completion, and progression in the education system. Figure 6 displays gross indicators (which include under- and over-age students) and net indicators (which include only on-time students of official school age) for student intake, participation, and flows. In Malaysia, the gross enrollment rate in primary education is 103% for both girls and boys combined. This decreases to 89% in lower secondary, with a student transition rate to secondary school of 91%. In Malaysia, the primary net enrollment rate is 99% and the primary completion rate is 99%. Both of these indicators provide a sense of the progress a country is making towards universal primary education -- a key UN Millenium Development Goal -- and, for Malaysia, suggest that the country has achieved near universal primary education. Figure 7 displays the repetition rate in primary education, showing the specific grades in which students are more likely to repeat. FIG 6. STUDENT INTAKE AND FLOW FROM PRIMARY TO SECONDARY SCHOOLS FIG 7. STUDENT REPETITION BY GRADE AND LEVEL IN PRIMARY SCHOOL male by grade female by grade % Male Female Male Female male primary female primary 120.0 % 1.0 103 103 104 101 98 98 98 99 98 100 100.0 92 0.9 90 89 90 87 80 0.8 80.0 0.7 60.0 0.6 0.5 40.0 0.4 20.0 0.3 0.0 0.2 Gross Intake Net Intake Gross Net Enrollment Completion Transition to Gross Gross 0.1 Enrollment lower Enrollment Enrollment secondary 0.0 Prim G1 Prim G2 Prim G3 Prim G4 Prim G5 Primary Lower Upper Secondary Secondary Data sources: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), EPDC calculation based on UIS data (see Data Table for year) Data source: EPDC calculation based on UIS data (see Data Table for year) LEARNING This section provides information on indicators of learning, which lend insight into the FIG 8. COMPARISON OF ACCESS AND LITERACY quality of educational provision. In this profile, learning is measured through literacy 100 rates, which are important because literacy is a foundational skill needed to attain 66 th percentile higher levels of learning, and national performance on learning assessments. Figure 8 demonstrates where Malaysia stands in comparison to other low and middle income countries in access to education, measured as the primary school net enrollment rate, and youth literacy. Compared to other countries, Malaysia ranks at the 95 percentile in 33rd percentile access and at the 61 percentile in learning. Figure 9 compares youth and adult literacy 75 rates and shows that, in Malaysia, the literacy rate is 98% among the youth population; this is lower than the average youth literacy rate in other upper middle income Other countries countries. Malaysia (Youth) Literacy 50 25 33rd percentile 66 th percentile FIG 9. LITERACY RATE AMONG YOUTH AND ADULT 25 50 Access 75 100 (Primary NER) POPULATION Data source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) (see Data Table for year) Male Male Female Female % 0 20 40 60 80 100 FIG 10. PERFORMANCE ON LEARNING ASSESSMENTS 98 age 15-24 100% 98 90% 80% At the highest Malaysia 93 performance age 15+ 70% 86 benchmark 60% no data no data 50% 99 age 15-24 40% Below the lowest 99 performance Percent Students of Percent 30% benchmark 20% 97 age 15+ 10% countries (median) 94 Upper MiddleUpper Income 0% Malaysia Malaysia Reading Mathematics Data source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) (see Data Table for year) EDUCATION EXPENDITURE Figures 11 and 12 compare Malaysia's per pupil expenditure (PPE) and pupil teacher ratio (PTR), where data is available, to those of other upper middle income countries. PPE indicates a country's commitment to education at each school level. In Malaysia, PPE in primary education as a percentage of GDP per capita is 16%, higher than the median PPE in primary for upper middle income countries, which is 16%. In Malaysia, the PPE in primary is lower than the PPE in secondary. PTR is a proxy learning quality and resource availability indicator. In Malaysia, the PTR in primary education is 11.7, meaning that on average there is one teacher for every 11.7 primary school students. This is lower than the median PTR in primary for upper middle income countries, which is 18. In Malaysia, the PTR in primary is lower than the PTR in secondary. FIG 11. PER PUPIL EXPENDITURE (PPE) BY SCHOOL LEVEL (% OF FIG 12. PUPIL TEACHER RATIO (PTR) BY SCHOOL LEVEL GDP PER CAPITA) 25 20 18 22 17 18 20 Upper Middle 16 Upper Middle Income countries 14 Income countries 16 15 (median) 12 12 (median) 10 10 8 Malaysia 6 Malaysia 5 4 Pupil teacher ratio (PTR) 2 % of per % capita GDP 16 19 18 14 13 0 0 Primary Secondary Primary Lower Secondary Upper Secondary Data source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) (see Data Table for year) Data source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) (see Data Table for year) DATA TABLE In this table, the values of different education indicators for Malaysia are compared to all countries, to East Asia & Pacific, and to low and middle income countries. The percentile rank that is given indicates Malaysia's standing relative to these country groups. A higher percentile rank indicates better relative performance than a lower percentile rank. Percentile rankings above 66% are considered high and colored in green, rankings between 33% and 66% are considered average and colored in yellow, and rankings below 33% are considered low and colored in red. For example, the gross enrollment rate for females in primary education in Malaysia is 104%. For this indicator, Malaysia ranks in the 62 percentile relative to all countries, meaning that 62% of countries have lower gross enrollment rates than Malaysia. As another example, the survival rate to grade 5 of primary school for males in Malaysia is 97%, and Malaysia ranks in the 72 percentile relative to all countries, in the 87 percentile relative to East Asia & Pacific, and in the 86 percentile relative to low and middle income countries for this indicator. KEY PERCENTILE RANK RELATIVE TO… Low and All East Asia Middle Countries & Pacific INDICATOR VALUE YEAR Income‡ DATA SOURCE Literacy rate, 15+, Female 86 2001 41% 35% 51% UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) Literacy rate, 15+, Male 93 2001 47% 35% 55% UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) Literacy rate, 15-24, Female 98 2001 46% 41% 55% UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) Literacy rate, 15-24, Male 98 2001 51% 58% 61% UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) Gross intake rate, Primary, Female 103 2017 61% 47% 55% UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) Gross intake rate, Primary, Male 101 2017 43% 23% 35% UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) Net intake rate, Primary, Female 98 2017 96% 100% 99% UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) Net intake rate, Primary, Male 98 2017 96% 100% 98% UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) Gross enrollment rate, Primary, Female 104 2017 62% 42% 57% UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) Gross enrollment rate, Primary, Male 103 2017 51% 33% 46% UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) Gross enrollment rate, Lower Secondary, Female 90 2017 35% 38% 48% UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) Gross enrollment rate, Lower Secondary, Male 89 2017 35% 42% 48% UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) Gross enrollment rate, Upper Secondary, Female 87 2017 52% 75% 70% UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) Gross enrollment rate, Upper Secondary, Male 80 2017 52% 75% 70% UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) Net enrollment rate, Primary, Female 99 2017 91% 100% 97% UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) Net enrollment rate, Primary, Male 98 2017 90% 94% 94% UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) Net enrollment rate, Secondary, Female
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