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Communications of the Acm COMMUNICATIONS CACM.ACM.ORG OF THEACM 06/2015 VOL.58 NO.06 Michael Stonebraker Recipient of ACM’s A.M. Turing Award Association for Computing Machinery SCALABILITY CONFERENCE Surge brings the best and brightest thought leaders in web operations together to share and learn about scalability and performance challenges of some of the largest infrastructures in the world. TOPICS COVERED INCLUDE: Scaling Infrastructure including SEPTEMBER configuration management, monitoring, 23 - 25, 2015 hybrid cloud architectures, storage systems, Gaylord National Resort and and other challenges seen at scale. Conference Center in Maryland. Scaling Architecture including distributed databases, load balancing and resource allocation, decoupled and fault-tolerant systems. ACM Members Get Scaling Organizations including team structure, review techniques, code $ review processes, and establishing cross- OFF 100Use code: ACM organization accountability. visit surge.omniti.com Don’t miss out on an opportunity to discuss scalability matters … because scalability matters. surge.omniti.com presented by THE ACM A. M. TURING AWARD by the community ◆ from the community ◆ for the community ACM and Google congratulate MICHAEL STONEBRAKER For fundamental contributions to the concepts and practices underlying modern database systems. “The effi cient and effective management of Big Data is crucial to our 21st century global economy,” said Google Senior Vice President of Knowledge Alan Eustace. “Michael Stonebraker invented many of the architectures and strategies that are the foundation of virtually all modern database systems.” Alan Eustace Vice President of Knowledge Google Inc. For more information see http://research.google.com/ Financial support for the ACM A. M. Turing Award is provided by Google Inc. COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM Departments News Viewpoints 5 Farewell from ACM’s CEO 24 Inside Risks Thank You… Routing Money, Not Packets By John White Revisiting network neutrality. By Vishal Misra 7 Cerf’s Up A Celebration of Accomplishments 28 The Profession of IT By Vinton G. Cerf Emergent Innovation Fernando Flores, president of Chile’s 8 Letters to the Editor National Innovation Council for To Learn CS Principles, Competitiveness, discusses a new Start in the Cafeteria Line common sense about innovation. By Peter J. Denning 10 BLOG@CACM Bringing Evidence-Based 32 Kode Vicious Education to CS 12 Lazarus Code Mark Guzdial says computer science No one expects teachers should use more evidence, 12 Plenty of Proteins the Spanish Acquisition. less intuition. The growth of structural biology By George V. Neville-Neil brings new challenges 41 Calendar for the world’s protein data archive. 34 Viewpoint By Neil Savage Forgetting Made (Too) Easy 101 Careers Considering the implications of 15 Between the Lines digital data removal implementations. Smartphone apps are driving By Meg Leta Jones Last Byte changes in the way people park. Sensors, crowdsourcing, and 36 Viewpoint 104 Q&A big data are making it easier Created Computed Universe The Path to Clean Data to find open parking spots. Computing crosses cosmology and Michael Stonebraker on Ingres, By Samuel Greengard makes the case for agnosticism. Postgres, dividing his time By Yannis Papakonstantinou between academia and start-ups, 18 Estonia: A Model for e-Government and why “one size fits none.” Over the next decade, the population 39 Interview By Leah Hoffmann of Estonia is expected to soar more An Interview with U.S. Chief than 600% as the country becomes Technology Officer Megan Smith the first in the world to open its Recently appointed U.S. CTO borders to an influx of e-residents. Megan Smith discusses her By Gary Anthes evolving governmental role. Watch Stonebraker discuss his work in this exclusive By Vinton G. Cerf Communications video. 21 Klaus Tschira: 1940–2015 By Andreas Reuter 22 Forging Relationships Michael Stonebraker didn’t realize at the outset that it would take six years to create INGRES, one of the world’s first relational databases. By Neil Savage IMAGE BY JURGEN SCHULZE, UC-SAN DIEGO, COURTESY OF NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION OF NATIONAL COURTESY DIEGO, JURGEN SCHULZE, UC-SAN BY IMAGE 2 COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM | JUNE 2015 | VOL. 58 | NO. 6 06/2015 VOL. 58 NO. 06 Practice Contributed Articles Review Articles 44 54 78 44 The Science of Managing Data Science 54 Evaluation Without Ground Truth 78 Future Internets Escape Lessons learned managing in Social Media Research the Simulator a data science research team. Even without it, some ingenious Future Internet testbeds permit By Kate Matsudaira methods can be developed experiments not possible in today’s to help verify users’ social media public Net or commercial cloud services. 48 Reliable Cron Across the Planet behavioral patterns. By Mark Berman, Piet Demeester, …or: How I stopped worrying By Reza Zafarani and Huan Liu Jae Woo Lee, Kiran Nagaraja, and learned to love time. Michael Zink, Didier Colle, By Šte˘pán Davidovic˘ and Kavita Guliani 61 Colored Petri Nets: Dilip Kumar Krishnappa, A Graphical Language for Dipankar Raychaudhuri, Articles’ development led by Formal Modeling and Validation Henning Schulzrinne, Ivan Seskar, queue.acm.org of Concurrent Systems and Sachin Sharma Formal executable models enable systematic evaluation of system designs prior to implementation Research Highlights and deployment. By Kurt Jensen and Lars M. Kristensen 92 Technical Perspective Virtual Reality in Your Living Room 71 Turing Lecture By Patrick Baudisch The Computer Science of Concurrency: The Early Years 93 IllumiRoom: Immersive Experiences Leslie Lamport is the recipient Beyond the TV Screen of the 2013 ACM A.M. Turing Award. By Brett R. Jones, Hrvoje Benko, By Leslie Lamport Eyal Ofek, and Andrew D. Wilson About the Cover: MICROSTOCK; OMELCHENKO MICROSTOCK; ​​​ Michael Stonebraker, recipient of ACM’s 2014 A.M. Turing Award, pictured on the campus Watch the authors discuss of Massachusetts this work in this exclusive Institute of Technology Communications video. in Cambridge by Boston- based photographer Jared Leeds. Read about the origins of INGRES and POSTGRES on p. 22 and Stonebraker’s challenges Association for Computing Machinery juggling academics and Advancing Computing as a Science & Profession IMAGES BY JUSTINE BECKETT; DONSCARPO BECKETT; JUSTINE BY IMAGES start-ups on p. 104. JUNE 2015 | VOL. 58 | NO. 6 | COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM 3 COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM Trusted insights for computing’s leading professionals. Communications of the ACM is the leading monthly print and online magazine for the computing and information technology fields. Communications is recognized as the most trusted and knowledgeable source of industry information for today’s computing professional. Communications brings its readership in-depth coverage of emerging areas of computer science, new trends in information technology, and practical applications. Industry leaders use Communications as a platform to present and debate various technology implications, public policies, engineering challenges, and market trends. The prestige and unmatched reputation that Communications of the ACM enjoys today is built upon a 50-year commitment to high-quality editorial content and a steadfast dedication to advancing the arts, sciences, and applications of information technology. ACM, the world’s largest educational STAFF EDITORIAL BOARD ACM Copyright Notice and scientific computing society, delivers Copyright © 2015 by Association for resources that advance computing as a DIRECTOR OF GROUP PUBLISHING EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Computing Machinery, Inc. (ACM). science and profession. ACM provides the Scott E. Delman Moshe Y. Vardi Permission to make digital or hard copies computing field’s premier Digital Library [email protected] [email protected] of part or all of this work for personal and serves its members and the computing NEWS or classroom use is granted without Executive Editor profession with leading-edge publications, Co-Chairs fee provided that copies are not made Diane Crawford conferences, and career resources. William Pulleyblank and Marc Snir or distributed for profit or commercial Managing Editor Board Members advantage and that copies bear this Thomas E. Lambert Executive Director and CEO Mei Kobayashi; Kurt Mehlhorn; notice and full citation on the first Senior Editor John White Michael Mitzenmacher; Rajeev Rastogi page. Copyright for components of this Deputy Executive Director and COO Andrew Rosenbloom work owned by others than ACM must Patricia Ryan Senior Editor/News VIEWPOINTS be honored. Abstracting with credit is Director, Office of Information Systems Larry Fisher Co-Chairs permitted. To copy otherwise, to republish, Wayne Graves Web Editor Tim Finin; Susanne E. Hambrusch; to post on servers, or to redistribute to Director, Office of Financial Services David Roman John Leslie King lists, requires prior specific permission Darren Ramdin Rights and Permissions Board Members and/or fee. Request permission to publish Director, Office of SIG Services Deborah Cotton William Aspray; Stefan Bechtold; from [email protected] or fax Donna Cappo Michael L. Best; Judith Bishop; (212) 869-0481. Director, Office of Publications Art Director Stuart I. Feldman; Peter Freeman; Bernard Rous Andrij Borys Mark Guzdial; Rachelle Hollander; For other copying of articles that carry a Director, Office of Group Publishing Associate Art Director Richard Ladner; Carl Landwehr; code at the bottom of the first or last page Scott E. Delman Margaret Gray Carlos Jose Pereira de Lucena;
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