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Garden History and Landscape Studies at the Bard Graduate Center Volume ıı | Number ıı | Spring/Summer 2005 director Peter Minuit made his famous bargain purchase of Letter from the Editor The Changing Landscape Manhattan Island from the Native Americans who hunted, of Lower Manhattan fished, and traded there. As Adriana Van Zwieten points out in her 2001 doctoral dissertation “A Little Land to Sow Some Seeds”: he word landscape the ways in which cities and utch settlers and their masters, the owners of the West Real Property, Custom, and Law in the Community of New is commonly used their environs are being con- India Company, which had in 1621 been granted a Amsterdam, Minuit’s purchase signaled policies entirely foreign in reference to tinually transformed by charter from the States General of the Republic of the to the sellers but important to the settlers and their descendants wilderness, rural social, economic, and cultural United Provinces to claim for their expansive com- down to the present: namely, the recognition of property rights Tscenery, or social forces. This past fall, some Dmercial empire the northeastern Atlantic seaboard and the transfer of landownership according to commercial and domestic spaces such as recently designed parks in between the Fresh (Connecticut) River and the South (Delaware) transaction. Ever since, Lower Manhattan’s real estate has gener- parks and gardens – plant- Lower Manhattan served as River, could not in their most ambitious dreams have imagined ated a number of private fortunes. dominated places for the opportunities for field study the landscape of Lower Manhattan today nor the technology that The seventeenth-century character of the mother city of most part. We often forget in Professor Erik de Jong’s created it. But commerce, the economic engine that has defined Amsterdam as a multiethnic that great technologically dri- “Reading the Landscape” it all these years, they well understood. With its ample bay at the bourgeois capital of great rich- Left: Niew Amsterdam of Nue ven cities are just as much a continued on page 2 confluence of two navigable rivers, a more fortunate site for a es gained from seafaring trade Nieuw lorx opt ’T Eylant Man[hat- part of nature as any other future port metropolis could not have been chosen. continued on page 3 tan] (New Amsterdam, now New landscape. The complexity of In 1626, after a committee of the West India Company had York off the Island of Manhattan). their contents and the rela- assessed the potential of two other locations, the New Amsterdam Below: The same view today. tionship of their parts to one another are what make them so interesting to historians, especially those who seek to trace the ways in which the physical city both resists and embraces change through time. The first-year survey course for Garden History and Landscape Studies stu- dents at the Bard Graduate Center deals with urban and regional planning as forms of landscape design. It examines 1 class. This part of New York Calendar May 13 – August 14, 2005 tural, stylistic, and functional Victoria. Two scholarly paper response to contemporary is a particularly fertile area for Glasshouses: The variations. It will also record sessions will be devoted to existential problems, how such attention as more build- Architecture of Light and Air the history of botany, horticul- new research in landscape their owners and visitors have ing and rebuilding of public An exhibition of more than ture, and plant collecting as history. The ten topics includ- responded to these gardens, spaces are happening here Exhibits three centuries of evolving global travel, trade, and explo- ed will range from “Islamic and how garden artists/ now than in many years. architecture, social class and ration grew rapidly. Gardens in India” to designers are continuing to Since the tragedy of February 2 – March 15 style, horticulture, and plant “Eighteenth-Century English creatively confront emerging Location: New York Botanical September 11, 2001, the Twenty-fifth Anniversary collecting. Gardens” and from “The cultural or social issues with Garden: LuEsther T. Mertz reconfiguration of Lower of the Central Park Conser- Curated by Social Agenda of Women the invention of new garden Therese Library, William D. Rondina Manhattan has been much vancy “Central Park ., associate Landscape Architects” to types. Most presentations will O’Malley, Ph.D and Giovanni Foroni LoFaro discussed in the press, pro- Conservancy: Celebrating dean at the Center for “The Tennessee Valley and be centered on a single artist. Gallery. (Gallery open moting an unprecedented but Central Park’s 25-Year Advanced Study in the Visual the Rhetoric of Planning.” In On the day prior to the open- Tuesday through Sunday welcomed interest in architec- Transformation.” Arts at the National Gallery addition, a meeting of the ing of the symposium, The exhibit celebrates the from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m.) ture and urban planning. of Art in Washington, D.C., newly reconstituted Land- Dumbarton Oaks and the achievement of Central Park’s Unfortunately, that interest and current president of scape Chapter of the Society United States Botanic Garden restoration by the Conser- has centered almost exclu- the Society of Architectural Conferences of Architectural Historians will host an event at the vancy from 1980 to 2005 sively on the sixteen acres of Historians, “Glasshouses: chaired by Marc Treib will National Arboretum at which with seventy images of park- April 6 – 10, 2005 Ground Zero. In this issue of The Architecture of Light and provide an opportunity for participants will meet some wide projects. These include Annual Meeting of the Viewpoints we wish to widen Air,” will feature more than landscape and garden histori- of the garden creators who before-and-after photographs Society of Architectural the lens of landscape vision to three centuries of glasshouse ans to meet one another. will not be giving presenta- of the park’s meadows, Historians include everything from City evolution and history. It will One of the many themes For an informational tions during the symposium. water bodies, gardens, play- Hall to the Battery and from display drawings, prints, of the meeting in Vancouver brochure and registration A picnic on the Arboretum grounds, woodlands, build- the East River to the Hudson paintings, photographs, and will be the architecture, materials, please visit the grounds will follow. ings, bridges, statues and River and the New York illustrated books, many from urbanism, and landscapes of SAH website at www.sah.org. For further information rustic details. The exhibit fea- Harbor, which is the reason the extensive collections of the city. Study tours will If you would like to receive a and registration visit tures park furniture, utilities, for the city’s being located the library itself, including examine landscape and gar- copy of the meeting brochure [email protected]. and sculpture restorations. here in the first place. botanical illustrations of den traditions in a coastal/ by mail, please call the SAH or contact: From its Dutch colonial Location: Urban Center glasshouse plants such as mountain setting. Partic- office at (312)573-1365 or Garden & Landscape Studies inception, Lower Manhattan Gallery, Municipal Art camellias, palms, ferns, ipants will be able to visit the email SAH at [email protected]. 1703 32nd Street NW has been inscribed with more Society, 457 Madison Ave. pineapples, and oranges. It gardens of Cornelia Hahn Washington, DC 20007 Location: Fairmont Hotel, human dreams and drive will cover the structural and Oberlander in Vancouver and (202) 339-6460 Vancouver than perhaps any other land- technological history of the Butchart Gardens in scape in the world. Its natural glasshouses, primarily in May 4 – 7, 2005 site is incomparable. Its Europe, illustrating architec- Dumbarton Oaks and the rapid, dynamic, and continual United States Botanic metamorphosis is unparal- Garden Present: Existence leled. Today the rebirth of and Experience in New York City’s birthplace is Contemporary Garden being nurtured by many peo- Design ple who are far less celebrated A three-day symposium yet ultimately more important exploring how contemporary perhaps than the competitors gardens have been created in for the highly publicized design commissions at Forcing Garden, in Winter Ground Zero. Theirs is the Hand-colored aquatint story we wish to tell here. Humphrey Repton (1752-1818) in Fragments on the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening London: Printed by T. Bensely 2 & Son for J. Taylor, 1816 on the library committee of Contributors the Horticultural Society of New York, and is the author of Grounds for Pleasure: Four Mac Keith Griswold, a jour- Centuries of the American nalist and garden historian, is Garden (Harry N. Abrams, director of archival research Inc., 2002). at the Sylvester Manor Project, Shelter Island, NY, Melanie Simo is a historian of where the papers date to the art and landscape who has earliest European coloniza- held teaching positions at the tion of America. Griswold has Harvard Design School, taught landscape and garden Rhode Island School of history at Sarah Lawrence Design, and Carnegie Mellon College, where she was recipi- University. She is the author ent of the Noble Chair in Art of several books on landscape and Cultural History, and has history, including Loudon & lectured on gardens and land- the Landscape: From Country scape as cultural history at Seat to Metropolis, 1783-1843 the School of Environmental (Yale University Press, 1989), Design, University of Invisible Gardens: Search for Georgia; The New York Modernism in the American Botanical Garden; and the Landscape (with Peter Walker. School of Environmental MIT Press, 1996), and Forest Design, University of & Garden: Traces of Wildness Pennsylvania. The author of in a Modernizing Land, 1897- three books of garden history, 1949 (University of Virginia she is currently at work on a Press, 2003).
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