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The North Carolina Historical Review North DC < Carolina State Library (o 0* Raleigh THE NORTH CAROLINA HISTORICAL REVIEW j :« APRIL 1958 Volume XXXV Number 2 Published .Quarterly By State Department of Archives and History Corner of Edenton and Salisbury Streets Raleigh, N. C. THE NORTH CAROLINA HISTORICAL REVIEW Archives and History Published by the State Department of Raleigh, N. C. Christopher Crittenden, Editor David Leroy Corbitt, Managing Editor ADVISORY EDITORIAL BOARD HUGH TALMAGE LEFLER FRONTIS WITHERS JOHNSTON George Myers Stephens HISTORY STATE DEPARTMENT OF ARCHIVES AND EXECUTIVE BOARD McnANiEL Lewis, Chairman Josh L. Horne James W. Atkins William Thomas Laprade Gertrude Spragueo^^ttt, carrawayr abb away Herschell V. Rose Fletcher M.™ Greenn„„™ Christopher Crittenden, Director as a medium of publica- This review was established in January, 192% Carolina. It is issued to other tion and discussion of history in North public by subscription only. The institutions by exchange, but to the general the North Carolina Literary and regular price is $3.00 per year. Members of dues are $5.00, receive this Historical Association, Inc., for which the annual may be procured at publication without further payment. Back numbers per number. the regular price of $3.00 per volume, or $.75 Wil- is located at the north end ot COVER : Peace Junior College It was organiz- mington Street, Raleigh, and was opened in 1872. but during the Civil ed in 1857 as a Presbyterian school for girls, Confederate War the partially completed building was used for a Freedmen's Bureau. Hospital, and later housed an office of the See pages 153-166. The North Carolina Historical Review ^^^^^^^^^^_ Number! CONTENTS P ISTORY F NORTH CAROLINA ° ' °i78^m5 225 Arthur Hecht EDMUND BURKE HAYWOOD AND RALEIGH'S CONFEDERATE HOSPITALS 153 H. H. Cunningham T E IN N0RTH CAROLINA TO ^^yS^ESTABLISHT AFSTATE SUPPORTED COLLEGE FOR NEGROES 167 Frenise A. Logan PAPERS FROM THE FIFTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL SESSION OF THE NORTH CAROLINA LITERARY AND HISTORICAL AS ATION INC RAL «?S ' " EIGH, DECEMBER, INTRODUCTION 181 HISTORY IS AN IMPORTANT PRODUCT 182 Gertrude S. Carraway SOME ASPECTS OF NORTH CAROLINA'S PARTICIPATION IN THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN ...._.l 191 Glenn Tucker [i] ; REVIEW OF NORTH CAROLINA FICTION, 1956-1957 213 Phillips Russell REVIEW OF NORTH CAROLINA NON-FICTION, 1956-1957 216 Winston broadfoot LITERATURE AND HISTORY 224 Gilbert T. Stephenson NORTH CAROLINA BIBLIOGRAPHY, 1956-1957 ..--233 William S. Powell 243 B( I Higgmbotham SSnS William ETavje^-Bfvcn Carolina, 1900-1930. Wilson's The University of North By Henry b. The Making of a Modern University— Shadows: A History Stroupe; Dedmond's Lengthened College, 1907-1956-By W H. of Gardner-Webb People Chero- Plemmons; Freel's Our Heritage: The of Paul kee County, North Carolina, mO-1955-B^ along the Pas- Murray • Pugh's Three Hundred Years Camden County- quotank: A Biographical History of Henry: Patriot m the Bv G. Jones; Meade's Patrick H The Woman Makkig-By Gilbert L. Lycan; Taylor's Dewey W. Suffrage Movement in Tennessee—By vnth JtoneivM. Grantham, Jr.; Cockrell's Gunner By Malcolm Reminiscences of William Thomas Poague— Tennessee—By McMillan; Mooney's Slavery m C in Dixie Corlew; Wiley's Kentucky Cavaliers Robert E. o Baltimore . By Hambleton Tapp; Beirne's . Richard Walser Picture History, 1858-1958-By before 1900. A Thornbrough'sS The Negro in Indiana Franklin Posey's siZyofa Minority-By John Hope ; Mississippi Valley The Baptist Church in the Lower TiUen's Interpret- 1776-mS-By L. L. Carpenter ; and Practices for Visitor ing Our Heritage: Principles and Historic Places—By Services in Parks, Museums, and Frederick Tilberg. 264 HISTORICAL NEWS l HI The North Carolina Historical Review Volume XXXV A^nTT^" Number 2 POSTAL HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA, 1789-1795 By Arthur Hecht * 1 t0 '^ "*! *' ChristoP«er Crittenden andDr*and Dr. wSWesley E.Ti Rich cover the history of lma the North Cam postal system. It was not, however, the intentio, of These" historians to furnish details of a governmental operation c in a n his articIesl D" Qittenden Efabout traver "T transportation,/ ™S and communications in North Carolina with references to postal services. Dr. Rich's pubn cation* encompasses Rritish North America and United States to 1829 and presents K a comprehensive hltory with general remarks about all aspects of Ppostal opera ons IiCab e t0 NOTth C-olina The eaSie^t de- Sstails abt°tTabout theTfinancial! operations of North Carolina post offices appear about October, 1789, and continue unt/the end of December, 1795. For this period, the information might that have come to light by a revfew of correspondence? hits andjedgers 3 of the General Post Office was unavailable be-' Nati< nal Archives ing^-D^an? ? > Wash- Ifchaima^ofihfpf^ *tH ' nformation Committee American Philatelicrnuatellc Association. ff y? of the SL He has worked with postal 1948. records since n T™sP-tatio„ in C^tml^ TTe mrth^toJ^ir^ . North (July, Re w VIII 1931), ' No - 3 239-257, hereinafter cited l^-T^i ^ > and Transportation tenden 0verland Travel in North Caroling fL^»nd i North » ! Means of Communication Carolina 1763-17sq Thl v£5i 2 , , in Car°hna HMo Review, No. 4 (October, 1931) 373-383 ™l VIII, 6 Y2H79 Cambridge M^s%arvfrH 3?*? PoH °*« * **• after 7 Pr6SS 1924) " cited as ^ ' herein RiXXiMslate^ToH^ffieT^ ' ^e^kr^n^^ d The became a ' Piaster General member of the catoet in 1^20 h,f-f that the Office 872 became tSS^^J'&VK? O^^aXeV ' 126 The North Carolina Historical Review cause of the inaccessibility of these records to the public. In the 1940's the Post Office Department and the Library of Congress transferred to the National Archives the existing outgoing correspondence of the Postmaster General and his assistants and a few accounting ledgers of the General Post Office Establishment. From these records and from postal laws and regulations and instructions issued to deputy post- 4 masters it has been possible to determine the extent of the postal service in its operations during the last decade of the eighteenth century in North Carolina. There had been no change in postal legislation since the enactment of An Ordinance for Regulating the Post Offices of the United States of America on October 18, 1782. Supple- mentary measures thereto were passed on October 28 and December 24, 1782. The acts of September 22, 1789, August 4, 1790, and March 3, 1791, provided for the temporary estab- lishment of the Post Office. These acts extended the colonial postal service. The acts of February 20, 1792, and of May 24, 1794, further revamped the colonial post office into the Gen- eral Post Office of the United States. Both of these acts authorized the establishment of specific post roads, fixed rates of postage, decreed the activities of deputy postmasters, and provided punishment for tampering with the mails. The Post- master General was empowered to appoint deputies and make contracts for carrying mails over post roads designated by Congress. Post Offices By October of 1789 towns had been well established on the coastal plain area of Albemarle Sound at Edenton, Newbern, Wilmington, and Washington. In the central part of North Carolina there were Halifax, Tarborough, and Fayetteville (formerly Cross Creek). The network of roads extending to the piedmont area led to Salem, Salisbury, Charlotte, and Hillsborough. Although postal service was extended to each of these towns, only the deputies at Edenton, Newbern, Washington, and Wilmington maintained correspondence 4 Term applied to each local postmaster. Postal History of North Carolina, 1789-1795 127 with the Postmaster General and submitted their quarterly accounts as of October 1789. For the period 1790 and 1791 people continued their emigrations to North Carolina and settled chiefly around county courthouses and churches, but the Postmaster General did not authorize the creation of any post office. Thirteen post offices were established in 1792, 9 5 in 1793, 25 in 1794, and 1 in 1795. The names of these offices were usually derived from names of English and French royalty, colonial proprietors, North Carolina governors, mili- tary men, founders of settlements, and European towns. 6 B Contrary to the usual policy of this journal, the spelling of the various place names has been left in both the text and the footnotes as it appeared in the source material used by the author. 1792: Fayetteville, Martinsville, Halifax, Hillsborough, Indiantown, Plymouth, Princeton, Salem, Salisbury, Sawyer's Ferry, Tarborough, War- rington, and Williamsborough (formerly Nutbush). 1793: Elizabethtown, Hertford, Iredell Courthouse, Nixonton, Smithfield, Warrenton, Waynesborough, Wilkes (later Wilkesboro) , and Williamston. 1794: Anson Courthouse, Avervsborough, Bethania, Caswell Old Court- house (later Leasburg), Chanel Hill, Charlotte Courthouse, Chatham Courthouse (later Pittsboro), Duplin Courthouse, Germanton, Greenville, Huntsville, Kinston, Lincolnton, Louisburg. Lumberton, Montgomery Court- house. Moore Courthouse, Morganton, Murfreesborough, Raleigh, Richmond Courthouse, Rockford. Rockingham Courthouse, Windsor, and Winton. 1795: Person Courthouse (later Roxboro). Throughout the 1789-1795 corresnondence of the Postmaster General and in the accounts of the General Post Office there are references to communi- ties, dwellings, or structures at which nost riders stopped to deliver and pick up mail at the following stops: Bath (formerly Pamticough), Blount- ville (later Columbia^. Bridge on Bennett's Creek, Cabarras Courthouse, Caswell Courthouse, Daily's, Nash Courthouse, Oxford (or Oxford Church), Randolph Courthouse, Richard Mitchell's, Sampson Courthouse, and South Washington. The number of North Carolina post offices in comnarison with those es- tablished throughout the United States for 1790-1795, as cited in Rich, United States Post Office, 182, was: North Carolina United States Years Post Offices Post Offices 1790 4 75 1791 4 89 1792 17 195 1793 26 209 1794 51 450 1795 52 453 8 A few examples of derivative names are as follows: Fayetteville for Marquis de Lafayette, Salisbury for Marquis of Salisbury, Wavnesville for General Anthony Wayne, Greenville for General Nathanael Green, Char- lotte for Queen Charlotte, Lincolrtton for Colonel Benjamin Lincoln.
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