The one great rule W e will serve no of composition is to group or party, but *0 4l'e4s, will hew hard to the speak the truth. Truth as we find it and the right as we —Thoreau Obrrurr see it. .;kly Newspaper

49 c)' NOVEMBER 29, 1957 10c per copy No.34 Bills The Long Fight Fails AUSTIN ing, talking and talking and day. Two South Texas senators talking and talking on and Gonzalez took the floor to ar- —Laredo's chunky, volatile on and on ... gue for his proposed amendment Pass Abraham Kazen and San Gonzalez's was the main effort. to S. B. 2, a bill authorizing the Antonio's challenging, volu- He talked 20 hours and six min- attorney general to give legal as- AUSTIN ble Henry Gonzalez — last utes, beginning Thursday at sistance to school authorities de- The Texas House, in a week swam upstream against 10:54 a.m. and slumping into his fending the constitutionality of morning. of . keenly-felt de- a strong current of so-what, chair, his face gray under his state laws in federal courts, and bate, passed the Governor's knowing there was little providing $50,000 for this purpose. bills letting school boards hope of reaching the far The Gonzalez amendment would close local schools and giv- shore. In separate filibusters, Lyman Jones have stricken the $50,000. Kazen ing the attorney general $50,- both aimed at stalling action began his lengthy speech as ar- 000 to defend segregation lo- on the so-called "anti-troops" olive complexion and the effects gument for an amendment to re- cally. bills sought of the second of a fever evident in drops of move from S. B. 1—the "anti- sweat beading his forehead, at 7 House voting for the "anti- special legislative session by troops" bill (Observer, Nov. 22) a.m. Friday (See related story.) troop" bill was about eight to Gov. Price Daniel in alliance —Section 5, the provision for Kazen, with the Senate's inten- five, but it melted to 114-26 on with the legislature's East "out-of-classroom instruction." tion of passing the bills obvious final passage . The attorney gen- Texas segregation bloc, they The Senate-passed "troop bill —he might as well have tried to eral bill passed 120-20. Both talked more than 23 hours, authorizes local school boards to saddle a blue norther—talked passed exactly as the Senate had pleading, arguing, explain- close schools if they find "vio- only three hours and 17 minutes, adopted them, without amend- ing, exhorting, scolding, de- lence or the threat thereof" from 10:34 a.m. to 1:51 p.m. Fri- ments, obviating another Senate nouncing, whispering, shout- (Continued on Page 5) filibuster. All that was required as of Tuesday noon was their sig- nature by - Gov. Daniel, who called the session that they might TEXAS TIDELANDS, 1836 to 1957 be enacted. AUSTIN Tidelands Claim," in which Sena- tions" on the other, was a seven- lion in oil company royalty fees Rep. Jerry Sadler, Percilla, car- On Nov. 7, the United tor Johnson said Eisenhower had paragraph staff story, "Texas are being held in escrow for the ried the bills through to passage. States government s'u e d reassured him he still believes Faces New Tithiands Claim De- winner. Magnolia says 100 com- Reps. Bob Wheeler, Tilden, and Texas for the tidelands be- in the Texas claim but in which fense Against U. S." In the Nov. 9 panies have already spent one Bob Mullen, Alice, led an un- tween the three-mile and the Johnson also (in the eighth para- issue, the News headline writers, billion, dollars looking for oil in compromising fight against them, three - league (ten-and-a-half graph of the Post's eight-para- too, thought it more important the Gulf of Mexico. with assists from Reps. Oscar mile) limits. Said an admin- graph story) said bitterly, "The (in terms of the news values for Laurel, Laredo, and Sam Bass, istration spokesman : "The people of Texas now know how page 30 that morning) that "John- The Texas claim is based on its Freeport. United States has always in- much trust they can place in Re- son Says President's Tidal Posi- historic title out ten and a half Sadler said Little Rock "wiped sisted that under interna- publican promises." tion Unchanged" than that he had miles. The government disputed out states' rights at the stroke of title before the Supreme Court tional law, no state or nation The San Antonio Express had made the remark about Republi- a bayonet." He said the issue was can have a boundary farther can promises. in 1950, but the court ruled that "free choice and voluntary asso- no story the morning after the the government has paramount out than the traditional three suit but the next day, on the ciation." He said the bill leaves mile limit." Said the govern- On Nov. 18 the Houston Chron- rights (including oil rights) as a "the entire authority" on school- 29th of 30 pages, carried a one- icle played the New York Times corollary of its "external soVer- ment's brief to the Supreme column, six-paragraph story, closing with the school board. think piece on the suit with a eignty," apparently regardless of Court : the Texas boundary "Johnson Sees No Tidelands Jus- Wheeler questioned him at does not extend "more than banner that Ike had "turned who owns the lands. length, saying it is the duty of tificatioxi." On page one of the (his) back" on Texas. The Chron- three geographic miles" from Beaumont Enterprise of Nov. 8, Texas is the only one of the 35 the Daniel to enforce the U. S. the shore. icle said editorially Eisenhower's constitution "paramount, even, under two stories about Eisen- present position was "difficult to states added to the original thir- teen which was truly an inde- to state laws." Sadler agreed For two weeks you could hear hower's defense speech, the tide- understand." The News, after a closing schools might "nullify" an exclamation point drop in the lands suit story was carried with long silence, blamed the Justice pendent nation before it joined court orders. Texas dailies. The Houston Post the headline, "Traditional 3-Mile Department. The Fort Worth the union. Immediately after Mullen said the parents at Lit- the next morning consisted of Offshore Boundary Asked for 5 Star-Telegram blasted "judicial Texans won their revolution a- tle Rock were sending their chil- 46 pages, but nowhere did the States." lawmaking." gainst Mexico, the Congress of dren to school, even with the editors squeeze in the tidelands The Dallas News responded to the new Republic passed an act story from Washington. The next troops. "The parents, apparently the news with similar circum- $98 Million extending its jurisdiction ten and not welcoming federal troops, day the Post (front paging a spection. Page one the morning Stripped down, the tidelands a half miles into the Gulf. State's were glad to see order," he said. story headlined: "Praised by of Nov. 8 carried the Eisenhower question is whether the state or lawyers argued to the court that Laurel—moving to strike "out- (Norman Vincent) Peale: Presi- speech at length. Back on the the federal government will con- Texas retained the tidelands in- of-classroom instruction" on state dent Reaffirms His Deep Faith funny page, between Mark Trail funds from the bill—said the i..,- in God") had a story on its for- and Smokey the Bear on one trol leasing and receive the land- side this limit as a condition sue was not intermarriage or so- tieth and last page, headlined, side and an ad for "Nature's Own owner's profits from oil drill- of its annexation in 1845. U. S. cial and economic equality but "Johnson Says Ike Backs Texas Aid for Kidney-Bladder Condi- ing the tidelands. Some $98 mil- (Continued on Page 5) "equality of opportunity for all Americans." "You can't hold back the law," he said. "We cannot trample on the rights and digni- Midnight Watch With Gonzalez ties of the human spirit." He was applauded. His amendment was AUSTIN to the south, the wet and cold and gesturing, his voice, and the And he was aware, too, that tabled 81-56. A norther rattles the huge outside—off downtown a red outside howling of the wind, people pay attention to filibust- Sadler urged, against all pro- windows heavily and whines shop sign flicks on and off, and schoing in the chamber; and the ers, to what filibusterers say, and posed amendments, that they like a fleet of ambulances as the red neon "Hotel Austin" and high chandeliers, the page boys, that the newspapers, about dawn, might let the Senate get em- it curls around the granite the white pillar basing to the would be full of what he had broiled in another filibuster. corners • outside the second- floor, the panels of Senates past. said. Whether one calls it public- Wheeler said "There's one sure story Senate chamber. A Ronnie Dugger "Exalted feelings, and • inflamed ity-seeking or educating voters, way to keep federal troops out of page boy trots to the office minds," the man is saying. he had this role to play. Texas and that is ... when the at the back to answer a the green neon "Driskill Hotel" Why is he talking alone when federal court says integrate, to loudly ringing, unattended stare out of the night sky, sup- he knows he will lose? Although he had a low-grade ported only by the ladder lights throat infection, which led fin- integrate." By passing such legis- phone. Half a dozen people In 1929, on the West Side of of elevator shafts; a lone pair of ally to a fever he mopped from lation "we are unwittingly aiding sit in the galleries, immobile, San Antonio, he was called "a carlights turns off the head of his brow several times, he spoke the communist movement all dazed. George Parkhouse Meskin greaser." In 1953, at Camp Congress Avenue, white lamp- for more than twenty hours with- over the world," he said. the senator from Dallas, is in Warnecke in New Braunfels, he lights line and reflect on the out stopping. He told questioners Mullen closed saying the bill the chair, but the Senate could not buy tickets because he damp latticed promenade up he would last a hundred hours, "encourages the mob or the rab- does not seem to be here— was a "Latin-American." This from the town, through the trees, and he had seriously intended to ble, some of our more backward only a tall, athletic Mexican progress had not impressed him. past the Confederate veteran and speak fifty, but his voice left and primitive citizens." He said man in a brown suit and but- He had a personal feeling, and past the Confederate cannon; him. school might be held in a saloon toned-up vest, resting his personal memories, to serve. across the street, a lamp of five under the bill and called it "Gov- thumbs in the vest's pockets, He was worried, in his convic- globes, one larger and supreme, ernor Daniel's saloon - closing pacing and reading, pacing tions, about what he calls "a `Lockout Bill' the others smaller and support- bill." "I prefer troops to mobs," and talking, and, seated still plague worse than the plagues Under his amendment to the ing it, reflects in a smudge of he said. behind him, within the brass of the Middle Ages, racism," bill to give the attorney general light on the black-wet sidewalk. "Don't you think force is pref- rail, a slight Mexican lady, which he thinks will sink the $50,000 to defend segregation lo- erable t o anarchy?" Wheeler his wife. The old timey clock On the window, against the West in the world if it is not cally, Sen. Henry Gonzalez of asked. "I certainly do," said Mul- on the wall says midnight. crossed-wire caging behind it, the wiped out. He had this "world Bexar spoke mostly on the bill len. From the alcove of a winflow Mexican man, pacing and reading view" to serve. ( Continued on page 8) Let those flatter who fear, it is not an American cwt.—JEFFERSON

210U h - Cro Governor Allan Shivers flew to It happened that Shivers and Chicago and went into conference Brownell had had a secret tete-a- with Adlai Stevenson : there was a tete at Woodville, attended also, in- breathless pause. Shivers emerged, cidentally, by Oveta Culp Hobby of said Stevenson was against Texas the Houston Post. Shivers said tidelands, and announced for Re- Brownell had not filed a suit publican Eisenhower. Eisenhower against Texas, "and he does not in- went to Houston and vowed to Tex- tend to do so." For the third time ans, Texas owns "the submerged the Shivers clique, on behalf of area extending three marine leagues their Republican friends, promised seaward to the Gulf of Mexico." Texans the tidelands were safely in Texans, taking the word of Shivers, state hands. For some strange rea- Eisenhower, and Atty. Gen. Price son, Daniel supported Stevenson, Daniel, voted for Eisenhower. The but Shivers bleats about Steven- year : 1952. son's "anti-Texas" position on the tidelands were heard around the Congress passed a law assigning clock, a n d Eisenhower carried to the coastal states the tidelands Texas again. within their "historic boundaries." These solemn words of honor Eisenhower signed it. But there sound tinny enough today. On Nov. was a dissent. Ralph Yarborough, 7, 1957, the United States Govern- opposing Shivers for governor, said ment, the Eisenhower Administra- the bill was "weasel-worded," "in- tion, President Dwight David Ei- eptly drawn," and needed clarifica- senhower—(not "the Justice De- tion by Congress or the courts. partment," or "Eisenhower subord- Four days before the August, 1954, inates")—sued Texas for the tide- election, Daniel said at Liberty he lands before the Supreme Court of Bartlett Appears Exclusively in the Texas Observer was "shocked" by Yarborough's the United States. The suit alleges statement. Eisenhower had reas- Texas does not own the tidelands sured him just a month before, from three miles to ten and a half Daniel said. Texans could be sure, miles out. And the President ap- DANIEL'S 'ONE DAY' promised Daniel, that the bill re- • proved this suit. Much has been stored to Texas its ten-and-a-half- said in the red-faced, red-handed AUSTIN Sadler's advice is followed, the chil- mile tidelands and that "the Eisen- daily newspapers about 'Eisenhow- As is well known here, Price Dan- dren will go to school in a Little Red hower Administration will continue er's assurance he still "believes" in iel hopes devoutly that his name will Barn. More likely they will stay home. glow in Texas history. An honorable to support Texas and its public the Texas claim, but nothing at all As the Texas attorney general has hope, is it not? To the legislature he school fund in our right to the has been said about the second par- ruled, closing a school to thwart a three-league boundary under the said last week, of the special session agraph in his letter to "Dear Price" that passed a first-step appropriation federal court order will be unconsti- bill enacted by Congress." Shivers in which he says : "As you realize, tutional. Nor Will the Supreme Court actually charged Yarborough with for water research and a shred of a it is appropriate, of course, for the lobby bill on the last of 30 days, "In permit the use of tax funds for seg- "attempting to agitate a challenge Supreme Court to consider and de- the years ahead the one day of final regated education—in a barn, a home, a dugout, or anywhere else. But the to Texas's historic ... boundary cide whether the Submerged Land success will have a place in the pages claim"! The people, taking at face of history long after the 30 days of law being wrought in the Capitol is Act does, as a matter of law, ac- probably constitutional on its face and value the claim, "Shivers Saved the complish this purpose" (restore to disagreement have faded into insig- Tidelands," re-elected him by a nificance." We shall see what time cannot be invalidated before the dam- Texas tidelands out to ten and a age is done. very narrow margin. half miles). In short, Eisenhower will reveal. But does he seriously be- lieve that his "one day" will be re- In 1956, Lyndon Johnson charged supports the Justice Department's When the first citizens of Texas membered more than the East Tex- that Atty. Gen. Herbert Brownell action. The Dallas News asks, as dissolved their bonds with Mexico and ans' many ? For he has given them entered into a compact of revolution, would sue Texas for its tidelands. though bewildered, who's running theirs, that he might have his. they declared, in their vows of inde- the administration. Eisenhower is And theirs will continue, in mount- pendence: running it, and he authorized the suit ing frenzy, until Texas, too, has fed- against the Texas tidelands. eral marshals, or federal troops ; un- "It (Mexico) has failed to estab Daniel, Eisenhower, Shivers — til some schools are closed, some chil- lish any public system of education they all stand condemned as double- dren have no place to learn, and their ... although it is an axiom in political science that, unless a people are edu- crossers or the partners of double- parents realize what he and his racist * We urge every reader to study cated and enlightened it is idle to ex- crossers. Lyndon Johnson warned tutors have done. the long essay in The Nation pect the continuance of civil liberty, the people : Allan Shivers said he The bill Daniel unleashed in the on the Alger Hiss case. If what the legislature lets school boards close or the capacity for self-government." was wrong. Ralph Yarborough writer says is true, and in good per- their schools on a finding of a threat warned the people : Price Daniel In his first message to Congress in spective, as it seems to be, then we of violence, whether troops are in said he was "shocked" at Yarbor- 1838, Mirabeau B. Lamar, the second have had a Dreyfuss case and have sight or not. This makes violence President of the Texas Republic, said ough. The duplicitous Republicans, not known it. profitable for racists. The East Tex- "The cultivated mind is the guardian having decided that they can't car- ans added a provision that state genius of democracy." The state Con- * When Dr. Hector Garcia, lib- ry Texas in 1960, anyway, have money can be used, when public stitution of 1876 requires the legisla- eral leader of Texas Latin- denied their own integrity. schools are closed, for "out-of-class- ture to establish and provide for the Americans, warned that Japanese We do not, in this editorial, try room instruction." No standards are support and maintenance of "an effi- workers in the U.S. "plan to learn set up for teachers, subject matter, or cient system of public free schools." to say who has the best claim to class facilities. If sponsor Rep. Jerry the American way of life and then Texas tidelands. In our summary Daniel would be known in history ; replace our white collar and trades opinion, the Texas claim to title he'll be known, all right, as a hand- workers" and might lead to "ano- out to ten and a half miles is valid ( Continued from previous column) maiden to enemies of the public ther Pearl Harbor," he must have for domestic (but not international) from Daniel ! Two years ago, and schools. If his bill is carried out and forgotten that such vicious tirades purposes. The Supreme Court held school children are offered up as the not a word when Shivers was prom- have been used against Latin-Amer- that title was not at issue, that the sacrificial lambs of his racist politics, ising the people, in 1956, that Brow- icans in Texas, too. national government, as an aspect he will be remembered, too, with that nell would not file such a suit! of its "external sovereignty," has special contempt reserved for the likes The next time Daniel holds forth * Texas teachers are always on the "paramount right" to the tide- of Epimetheus, the brother of Prome- from his pulpit about "honesty and hand in the Capitol when they lands, and that this right includes theus, who could not resist, and mar- integrity in politics and govern- ried, the bearer of the jar of miseries. want a pay raise. Their silence as control and profit from the exploi- ment," remember that. R. D. the legislature was passing a bill to tation of the tidelands oil. The issue encourage the closing of public is a property claim against a sov- schools is humiliating for friends of ereignty claim ; both sides have the profession and sad testimony good arguments. that they are more concerned, in But we do know this. When politics, about their own welfare Price Daniel went before the legis- than their pupils'. alealt) 0 lature last week to try to get his Published by Texas Observer Co., Ltd. We will serve no group or party but A speaker told the Texas Con- hide out of the tanning factory, he NOVEMBER 29, 1957 will hew to the truth as we find it and * the right as we see it. We are dedicated gress of P-TAs that "Fear to made one very bad slip. "Mr. Brow- Ronnie Dugger to the whole truth, to human values a- Editor and General Manager speak out on controversial issues nell," he said—"Mr. Brownell told bove all interests, to the rights of man as Lyman Jones, Associate Editor the foundation of democracy; we will seems to be growing ... Our young me two years ago not to worry— Sarah Payne, Office Manager take orders from none but our own people ... need to be encouraged to that a boundary suit against Texas Dean Johnston, Ciroulation-Advertising conscience, and never will we overlook EDITORIAL and BUSINESS OFFICE: raise questions about the economic, would be a friendly affair and best or misrepresent the truth to serve the 504 West 24th St., Austin, Texas. Phone interests of the powerful or cater to the social and political issues of today's for Texas, because Texas would GReenwood 7-0746. ignoble in the human spirit. world." Then the P-TAs failed to win ..." Two years ago Brownell HOUSTON OFFICE: 2501 Crawford. Published once a week from Austin, Mrs. R. D. Randolph, Dean Johnston. Texas. Delivered postage prepaid $4 per say a word about the bill to close warned Daniel about this suit ! 26, 1937, at the Post Office at Austin, annum. Advertising rates available on re- the public schools being debated at Two years ago, and not a word Entered as second-class matter, April quest. Extra copies 10c each. Quantity that moment in Austin. (Continued foot of next column) Texas, under the Act of March 3, 1879. prices available on orders. PEARLS OF GREAT PRICE FROM NOWHERE EREHWON ON THE COLORADO compensation, unemployment com- here, nothing now remaining to be tried hard to wipe out the thought— "Ye Gods, it doth amaze me, pensation, aid to the blind, aid to de- done but quaff the milk and spoon up but there it is ; it will not down : An- A man of such a feeble temper should pendent children, the anti-troops bills, the honey in this best of all possible other utopia I've heard of was called So get the start of the majestic world, the integration-segregation question, worlds. Well, maybe one small thing: "Erehwon." And "Erehwon," as any And bear the palm alone."' "harmony," Ed Clark, Claude Gilmer Daniel should legally have the P in fool can plainly see, is "Nowhere"— —Julius Caesar-, Ac. 1, Sc. 2 and lobby kin, the good ship "Ava,". his front name fixed to stand here- spelled, of course, backwards. Ben Ramsey, Herman Brown, a grow- after for Pippa or Pangloss. But I Gad on a mountain and hell's bells ing public awareness that Daniel in- guess that's all. How, after all, im- And I cannot help but think, too, and panther tracks, but I'm grateful tends to govern by good intentions prove that which is beyond improve- of Churchill's observation on Sir to Jake Pickle ! Because if it hadn't only—you pays your money and you ment? Not even a tiny flaw has been Stafford Cripps "There," said Wins- been for Jake, and the newsletter of takes your choice. left in the social fabric, as Hitler left ton, "but for the Grace Of God goes God." And that other piece of Chur- the state—and you should excuse the here andthere- a solitary Jew, to expression, Democratic — executive BUT, AS I SAY, only a serve as a horrible example for those chill wisdom, his remark about a committee, I, for one, swine, would churl will mention these things, so I born hereafter. Commons colleague : "Blank is a mod- certainly have missed the pearls of will not. No, "the morning's at seven est man. He has much to be modest great price (no pun, necessarily) cast the hillside's dew-pearled," Utopia is There is just one more thing. I've about." LYMAN JONES before me last week. Whew! but it was a near thing. I refer, naturally, to the utopia built by Gov. Price Daniel in his first year Lyndon 'Suppressed' Facts in office, a period of time it now ap- pears is so drenched with significance WASHINGTON All these facts were censored. be taken away from Symington ... At that henceforth history will write, it in When likable Sen. Lyndon Johnson Johnson's investigation of the New first Johnson seemed leery about- let- capital letters—"His First Year"--r-as of Texas calls a galaxy of brass-hat Jersey waterfront likewise was sup- ting Estes Kefauver, another great it does Napoleon's "100 Drays." experts on missiles and satellites to pressed, though later Governor Dew- Senate prober, get too much in the Said the newsletter, fetchingly, testify before the TV cameras and ey's crime •commission- revealed some limelight. But he called Kefauver, eyes cast down, cheeks reddening ros- the Senate preparedness committee, of the shocking facts. • asked him to postpone a hearing fea- ily at its own necessary immodesty, its he will begin one of the most import- Johnson's probers found that after turing Walter Reuther on inflation, big toe adragging in the dust like Tom ant Senate probes in years. It is vital the Army took over Jersey City's scheduled for November 25. Two Sawyer offering Becky Thatcher the to the defense of the nation. Claremont terminal, dock workers Senate headline investigations, he in- brass knob: But some of Lyndon's colleagues, played 'poker on Army, time, shot dice, dicated, shouldn't be competing with "For the first time in the history of who in the past have given him the bribed, pilfered, peddled dope, and each other. Kefam-rer complied, post- Texas (and what other history is nickname "Lyin' 'Down Lyndon," amused themselves by crashing Army poned Reuther ... Kefauver and Sy- there, history that counts, I mean?), have their finger's crossed regarding fork-lifts into each other—all under mington are members of the Senate Gov. Price Daniel and the Texas Leg- the final result. They figure Lyndon the nose of the Army engineers. armed services committee and have islature have completely enacted ev- will start off with real fireworks, but The Army contract with Dade Bro- been asked by Johnson to specialize ery major plank in the state Demo- they are not sure what will happen - thers, Inc., was so lucrative that in on some phases of the missile probe. cratic platform. after the first week of hearings. four weeks alone Dade Brothers "All but four of the recommenda- Reason for their skepticism is - pocketed a profit of $281,876.33, ac- tions of Gov. Daniel and the party Johnson's pattern of probing in the cording to Johnson's investigators. platform adopted in Fort Worth (you past. For some tithe he has been chair- The night hiring boss in charge of BANKRUPT remember Fort WOrth) were enacted man of the Senate preparedness com- loading Army cargo was John Denoia, AUSTIN at the regular session of the legisla- mittee, yet he has held no very im- alias Johnny Duke, former proprie- Rep. Joe Pool of Dallas has run ture. The remaining four were sub- portant probes in recent years:, And out of politicians' credit, that deposit ' mitted to. the legislature at the spe- when he did run into two dynamite- of cynics' tolerance a public man can cial session just completed, and have laden scandals he suppressed. the Drew Pearson claim as he dissembles along -the road now been \enacted . f acts. to a higher office. Pool has been bank- "This now gives the Governor a One was his investigation of gang- for of Duke's Tavern, • underworld ing on his deposit too long; he has near 100 percent record of enactments sterism on the New Jersey water- hangout for Joe- Adonis, Anthony now indecently overextended himself. in some form of all recommendations front where the U. S. Army lost -mil- Anastasia, and Willie Moretti. He has a way of sidling up to re- to the legislature, a record which few lions of dollars by hiring gangsters. Senate investigators for Johnson porters and telling them that part of (oh, dear, the embarrassment of hav- Johnson never did publish this re- checked the Dade Brothers payroll his story he hopes will appeal to them. ing to point out this sort of thing one- port, even fired the two _investigators, against rogue's gallery photographs He also freely admits his opportunist self) governors in the country have Downey Rice and George Martin, and discovered more than 30 so-called nature. He wants to go to Congress. ever attained in the first year—sorry, who prepared it., longshoremen with criminal records. His bill to gut Yarborough in the Senate race, on which he was count- The First Year—of of fine." General Motors Profits Senator Johnson, however, never made this report public. He showed it ing to vacate, the office that congress- I feel that only a churl The other was his probe of airplane to the Army and told them to clean man-at-large Martin Dies holds, was would mention ... oh, say : profits, showing that the Allison Mo- up. In this way the Army was saved defeated, so now he's running for the Slums, infant diarrhea, a growing tors Division of General Motors made embarrassing publicity. Johnson made Dallas place. unemployment rate, a shortage of Sabrejet engines for the Air Force in no effort to turn the healthy spotlight He has decided the way to win is schoolrooms, a scarcity of teachers, 1950-51 at a profit of 39 per cent. of publicity on this situation and his to convince Dallas he's a worse racist mental hospitals old age pensions, They did this by charging a 10 or 12 report gathered dust in Senate files than Bilbo, Rankin, Sadler, or Chap- "simple honesty and integrity," the percent profit by one GM subsidiary, until some of his Senate colleagues man. If Dallas isn't convinced, it biennium's coming $12 million deficit, then a profit by the next GM subsid- asked about it after Governor Dew- ought to be. First he helped bait Dan- 19w wages, a burgeoning prison popu- iary, then another profit by the third ey's, crime commission started a real iel into this dismal second special ses- lation, William Harrison's Senate GM subsidiary. cleanup. sion. Then he baited dignified and blackballing, the treatment of minori- While lagging far behind in Sabre- Johnson claims he can get more ac- distinguished men of the cloth' at ties, oil's political power,- migratory jet production, General Motors exec- complished by quietly going to the House hearings on the anti-children labor, Allan Shivers's hang-on ap- utives had _time to get houses and •armed services when he finds some- troop bill with such questions as, "Do pointees, loan sharks, the highway barns built for themselves at cost by a thing wrong and asking them to clean you believe in intermarriage? I just death and maiming rate, the crime construction company doing business up. Frequently this works. Invariably, want to know." Not content, thinking rate, farm-to-market roads, taxes and for the government—Huber, Hunt, also, the grateful armed services will he will be forgiven, by insiders, any the tax structure, George Parkhouse, and Nichols. do anything under the sun for the cheap outrage in the name of politics, Carlos Ashley, William Moore, Jerry Daniel Babcock, chief engineer for thoughtful Lyndon after one of these he has now foisted on the legislature Sadler, Joe Chapman et al, Bill Dan- GM's Allison division, got a $31,000 quiet talks—such as giving him free his bill to strip citizens of their rights iel, the cost of medical care and. hos- home built for $15,800. Edward B. airplane . rides back and forth to to assemble and speak without har- pital rooms, the antiquated and stupid McNeil, a GM vice president, got an Texas, or putting the Air Medical Re- assment. • liquor laws, the overburdened courts, air-conditioning system installed at search Center at Randolph Field, - His bill requires any organization illiteracy, syphilis, tidelands,' the in- cost—$3,890.18., GM official I. E. Set- Texas, after Secretary of the Air (defined, in the Senate version, to in- dustrial accident rate, workmen's tle got a barn built at cost. Force Talbott had ruled that it was to clude "any person or group of per- be elsewhere. sons") to, render up unto Caesar its The delay and paperwork involved full list of members, officers, pur- in switching the medical center cost poses and connections upon the de- Rehabilitation Dinner the taxpayers around' $100,000. But mand—not of Caesar—but of 'the Lyndon's heart beats for, Texas and county judge, or, the Senate version, NEW WAVERLY a dozen men who have more than $50 he got the center located right in the the county attorney; district judge, or I see by the mornin' papers—as million, and each one 'of them can, of heart of Texas. district attorney. He told a colleague Mr. Dooley used to say—that they course, buy up a whole table full of he doesn't believe in his bill, himself. are giving Lyndon a rehabilitation tickets, but can they get people to Missile Go-Round As the color-terrified House passed dinner in Houston. What a pity that come and sit in those seats ? I mean The man who should have handled the bill, Rep. Bob Mullen said plainly, protocol man, Purse was his name I just plain people who do not need re- the missile probe is Sen. Stuart Sy- "This is a bill so a Negro citizen can think, got kicked upstairs, or was it habilitating and don't much care for mington of Missouri, who has lived be fired from his job, and driven down ? We are sure going to need people in public life who have had and breathed missiles for years. He from his home, and subjected to vio- somebody like that before we get all wonderful opportunities and used was the first Secretary of the Air lence." "It sets up target lists for the creamed-chicken-mashed-potatoes- them so poorly that their friends feel Force, long ago warned the nation mob violence." peas-ice-cream-and - lukewarm-coffee the need of helping them to seem to that the Eisenhower administration As the guilty work of a demagogue, choked down. It isn't the menu any- make with good. works ; will they was falling dangerously behind. Sy- especially designed to ride the tides body needs to worry about, that's come? mington heads a subcommittee which of political cowardice which have not routine. It's the invitation list. It's the And the whispering ! What is it was all set to probe missiles, but run so high in the Capitol since the seating at the head table. It's the that they are saying ? "Look at Allan Johnson, who rules Senate Democrats McCarthy fright four or five years whispering. and Lyndon sitting up there together without benefit of Democratic cau- ago, it also strips Joe Pool of any They couldn't give Lyndon a din- both needing rehabilitation before cuses, decreed that the probe should claim he had left to •the tolerance, ner without inviting Price, he's the 1960 when, they say, Allan will run much less the affection, of civilized Governor ; and if you have Price you for the Senate while Lyndon runs for NOTE voters. R.D. have to have Allan and John Ben. President." Political Intelligence is on page Fortune Magazine only gives Texas What a Ticket ! M.F.C. seven this issue. Page 3 Nov. 29, 1957 •

School Bill Clears Hurdles WEEK IN TEXAS O Texas Farmers Union holds (Continued from Page 1) I stance for S. B. 1 based on the Sen. George Parkhouse, Dallas, schools and we open the barn ... its convention in Abilene which, in their judgment, cannot, bill sent to the legislature by the directed the Governor to order a this is a barn-opening bill. For Dec. 6-7 with Sens. Lyndon John- or could not, be prevented with-j Governor, which did not contain school closed where a school Heaven's sake, people of Texas, son and Ralph Yarborough, Con- out resort to military troops. It the out of classroom instruction board certified to violence. It got awaken to what's happening to gressmen Omar Burleson and authorizes use of state funds for section. Sen. Wardlow Lane, the voice vote approval. you ... Two men in any com- Walter Rogers, and Jerry Holle- "out - of - classroom instruction." sponsor of both S. B. 1 and 2, munity could close the schools at man, president, Texas AFL-CIO, This and the attorney general bill I moved to table. His motion car- `Heaven's Sake' the danger of a 'threat' ... We as speakers. of the Senate cleared the House! ried, 16 to 12. oughta get a wreath and hang it Kazen opened his filibuster by state affairs committee late Mon.- I By 20 to 7, Sen. Ottis Lock, outside every school in Texas. • Atty. Gen. Will Wilson said saying: "This is purely and sim- day in a twinkling. House action Lufkin, won approval of an People think we're passing an federal regulation of insur- ply an integration bill ... this followed swiftly. amendment taking from S. B. 1 a `anti-troops' bill. I don't know ance looms unless states meet provision forbidding the governor will allow any school in Texas what they'll say when they find their responsibilities. "The people The "anti-troops" measure on to use the National Guard for the to be closed under the guise of a out what it really does, because will demand safe, economical in- final passage got 19 "ayes" and preservation of order at a school. `threat' of federal bayonets." that's the least it does ... that's surance protection and if they nine "nos." Asked to be shown Fly offered an amendment to Other highlights from the Kazen the least. can't get it at the state level they as voting "no" were Sens. Kazen, delete the language giving school speech: "This is the engraved invita- will appeal to Congress," he said. Gonzalez, Bill Fly, Victoria; Car- boards power to close down "This is a Dr. Jekyll and Mr. tion ... signed by the Governor O Texas AFL-CIO has signed los Ashley, Llano; Jarrard Se- schools at the "threat" of vio- Hyde bill: it says one thing and ... to federal occupation of our a new contract with their crest, Temple; Charles Herring, lence, saying: "In this language it means another. This is invit- schools. office employees calling for a Austin; Bruce Reagan, Corpus you'll find out what the boys are ing federal troops ... the poor "The bill," said Kazen, as he minimum wage of $1.85 per hour Christi; Dorsey Hardeman, San really doing. You're doing some- and humble people of my district, prepared to sit down at 1:50 p. and a 35-hour week. Angelo; R. A. Weinert, Seguin. thing that even the most rabid they can't leave their children m., "will have four results: gov- any legacy of dollars and cents. A senator who last year voted Southern state has not had the ernment by mob, military occu- • The Texas State Teachers against segregation measures, Hu- courage to do. There is no ap- The one thing they can leave 'em pation of our schools, the closing Assn. meets in Dallas this bert Hudson, Brownsville, was peal here, no right of challenge, is a good education." of state schools and the inviting week with Sen. John Kennedy absent. (He told an audience of no opportunity to take the mat- At 10:32 a.m., when it had be- of the federal government to (D.-Mass.) the chief speaker. Corpus Christi churchmen last ter to court. come evident Kazen 'would be come in and open schools under Duval's Duke—George Parr week he would vote for the talking for some time, Lane their control, and uneducated O won from the court of crim- troops measure.) broke in to "move the previous children." Teachers Raked inal appeals dismissal of his New question"—a parliamentary move Gonzalez, who returned to his At 6:59 Friday, Gonzalez said Fly's eye fell on Sen. A. M. Braunfels conviction on a charge with the effect of cutting off all desk at 12:30 p.m. Friday, was on sadly, "These are school children Aikin, Paris. "Where," he de- further amendment tries after his feet with another amendment- of conspiracy to steal $1,000 from lockout bills," and wobbled a step manded, "i s the Hale-Aikin the Benavides School District. Kazen sat down. "Sen. Kazen," as Kazen sat down. Weinert, in or two to his chair. Sen. George (school study) committee that is said Lane, "will speak until 5 the chair, had to refuse him rec- The court upheld defense attor- Parkhouse, in the chair, swiftly supposed to be looking after the o'clock and then the other gen- ognition, the previous question ney Percy Foreman's argument gaveled voice vote approval of welfare of our schools? This will tleman (Gonzalez) will be back." that the statute of limitations had S. B. 2 to engrossment and laid having been ordered. destroy the school system of the The previous question was or- run. out S.B. 1. In the chamber as the state of Texas." dered. Kazen's amendment was voted State auditor C. H. Cavness voting came were but six sena- Aikin, flushing, jumped to his "Now, there you are, there you down, and both bills moved O spent two hours and 13 min- tors: Gonzalez, who rose wearily feet. "Senator," he shouted, "I'm are, there you are," said Kazen swiftly to final passage. S. B. 2 utes advising the Travis County to croak: "Please show me as chairman of that committee and in a resigned diminuendo, "now received four "no" votes—from grand jury—the one specifically voting 'no' on that," Ashley, Ai- I'm here. This is not a problem I'm Tailend Charlie ... now, Kazen, Gonzalez, Reagan, and asked by Gov. Daniel to look into kin, Lane, and Floyd Bradshaw, for the school teachers. It is a when I sit down, well that's it, Fuller. S. B. 1 then passed. It was state government corruption al- Weatherford. problem for parents and a prob- that is all ... 2:02 p.m., 28 hours from the time legations. The Senate then stood at ease lem for us. I'm for this bill and "Under this bill, we close the Gonzalez began the futile fight. for two hours. At 9 a.m., Lane I'm willing to take on my re- O Travis County Asst. D. A. rose to speak on S. B. 1. "Some sponsibilities because I'm against Bob Smith said a group of of us," he said, "feel that having federal operation of our schools." Waller County residents will ap- school with troops there is just Secrest joined Fly in baiting Dallas Decision Soon pear this week before the Travis Aikin. "Why," he asked "are the like having no school at all." He AUSTIN Houston: Federal Judge Joe County grand jury looking into of S. B. L. professional schoolmen staying official corruption. The group in- moved engrossment The race question boiled into Ingraham refused to grant home in droves?" Why, he asked, eludes Pat Medkiff, publisher of Kazen offered a complete sub- view in places other than the an injunction sought by five Ne- weren't school teachers and ad- the Waller County Record. ministrators counseling with the Senate last week. Among those groes alleging racial discrimina- places: tion in job assignments at the The state Board of Pardons legislature as, he said, they do • Sheffield Steel plant. The Ne- and Paroles said it will not `when it's a question of salaries?" n Fort Wort h: Andrew J. groes alleged the company and reconsider its decision to refuse "They come here by the hundreds Thuss, attorney for the Dal- HOT HOOPLA! and the thousands," said Secrest, Local 2708 of the steelworkers parole to former Land Commis- las school board told three fed- union had agreed that white Well, friends and neighbors, "on a teacher pay bill." eral judges, John R. Brown, sioner Bascom Giles. workers would be given promo- here it is almost Christmas "I don't need to counsel with Houston, Warren L. Jones, Jack- tion advantages. Ingraham found O C. Walter Hammond, presi- time, and what do you think them," said Aikin, "because I sonville, Fla., and Richard T. dent of the Texas Farm Bu- know I'm not for federal troops." no basis for the charges. we're gonna suggest? A life- Rives, Montgomery, Ala., that his reau, speaking at the Bureau's time subscription to the Texas Lane moved to table the Fly clients need until next summer n Dallas: U. S. Rep. Bruce Al- Dallas convention, called for a amendment, winning by a vote of Observer (for the lifetime of to work out Dallas school inte- ger called for a moratorium system of flexible farm price sup- the Observer) ? The chance to 19 to 9. gration plans. on application of the U. S. Su- ports—the Benson position. "A pay part of a premium on a Sen. Frank Owen, El Paso, of- The three - judge court was preme Court decision requiring system of variable or flexible life insurance policy on the fered, in language different from hearing the school board's ap- school desegregation until after price supports would assist in life of the editor, with bene- Fly's, an amendment meaning peal from the order of federal a commission decides on the ex- keeping the supply of individual fits to be pro-rated? No. THE substantially the same thing. Dist. Judge William Atwell, Dal- act application and meaning of commodities in line with de- OBSERVER AS A CHRIST- Lane raised a successful point of las, to integrate Dallas schools at the court's "all deliberate speed" mand," Hammond said. MAS GIFT! Frighten your order against this. Sen. Jep Ful- the close of the current school phrase. U. S. Rep. Jim Wright of friends — horrify your ene- ler, Port Arthur, sent up an year's first term. Thuss asked for O n Longview: City Judge Henry Fort Worth, back from a mies! Special holiday season amendment aimed to remove re- a mandamus to force Atwell to Atkinson set Dec. 18 for the European trip, told Fbrt Worth prices: $3.99 for the first gift; strictions on use of the National adhere to the "mandate of this trial of four Longview NAACP $3.98 for the second gift; $0.01 Guard by the Governor. "That's court," a mandate he hopes will realtors Germany is America's officers on charges of failing to best ally in Western Europe. for the third gift. just as unconstitutional as it can set aside Atwell's Feb. 3 dead- produce membership lists of their (Adv., Not Paid) be," he said. This was tabled by line. A verdict is expected in Wright also said Christianity is organization—as required by a voice vote. An amendment by about two weeks. the bond holding the western recently-enacted city ordinance. world together.

H Washington, D. C.: The U. S. O Waco, in an experiment, Supreme Court has ordered closed off a three - block trial on the merits of a case in downtown area to vehicle traffic. Thich four Houston Negroes The city is thinking about creat- charge the Texas and New Or- ing a downtown pedestrians-only leans Railroad and locals of the plaza. Brotherhood o f Railway and A producing oil well was Steamship.. Clerks, Freight Han- • COMPLETE brought in on land of Hous- dlers, Express and Station Em- ton's city prison farm. And May- polyees, with agreeing on aboli- or Oscar Holcombe said negotia- tion of jobs held by Negroes. tions to lease city park land for INSURA CE oil exploration are going for- ward. Offset drilling is planned to preserve the parks' appear- ance. The state AFL - CIO will SERVICE RENEW • To the Texas Observer hold its 1958 convention at 504 W. 24th St., Austin Galveston Oct. 6, 7 and 8. Sen. Lyndon Johnson said • Name: the- aim of his Senate sub- committee inquiry into the HALL'S WIGINTON-HALL LEAGUE CITY Address: INSURANCE AGENCY INSURANCE AGENCY INSURANCE AGENCY guided missile and satellite pro- gram will be to set up and step Dickinson, Texas Alvin, Texas League City, Texas City: up "target dates of achievement," rather than fault-finding. One year, $4; 2, $7.50; 3, $11 Page 4 November 29, 1957 U. S. Shifts Line on Texas Tidelands Daniel Calls (Continued from Page 1) "historic boundaries." E i s e n- The voters re-elected Shivers claim "was good enough for lawyers replied that Texas was hower signed it as he had bald he by a narrow margin., Brownell's map and it should be subsequently admitted under an would. Last year, Senator Johnson, good enough for his lawsuit," For 'Harmony' equal footing clause and that In 1954, 13 senators opposed to helping in the summertime cam- said Daniel. But Daniel would AUSTIN since other states don't have state ownership asked Brownell paign to wrest state party con- not agree to the map in. the law, Gov. Price Daniel made three-league tidelands, Texas where he stood, since the law trol from Shivers, charged that because, he said, it would have three out-of-Austin speeches does not. - had not set out specific boundar- Brownell would sue Texas for lost votes of other coastal states last week, speaking at Dallas In effect the court held that the ies. Ralph Yarborough, running the tidelands. Shivers and Atty.- on the bill. at the Texas Farm Bureau; Texas property claim was ne- for governor against Shivers, ac- Gen. Brownell had just had a se- Texas has received $26,7 mil- at Abilene, to a district Dem- gated by the federal sovereignty cused the GOP of reneging on. its cret tete-a-tete at the Governor's lion, for its public school. fund ocratic meeting; at Hillsboro claim. promise by refusing to lease tide- Woodville home. Shivers said from leases in the three-league to high school students. The oil companies' profits are lands until the courts cleared up Brownell hadn't filed a suit tidelands since 1953, Daniel said. the law. Shivers accused the sen- against Texas, "and he does not greater under state than federal In 1954, he said, Eisenhower re- At Dallas, he praised his rec- ators of "openly joining Ralph intend .-to do so." Daniel, then leasing. In general they are for assured him he believed "Texas ord with the 55th Legislature, Yarborough in attempting to agi- fighting desperately to beat Yar- owns the submerged lands ex- state ownership. Congressional saying that in the past year the tate a challenge" to the Texas borough for the governorship tending three leagues" outward. liberals favor federal control be- legislature had enacted "the most ten-and-a-half-mile claim. Shivers had quit, said nothing But now Brownell has sued, not cause they believe tidelands are important body of new laws of about the question and won by only for the tidelands, but for part of the national domain, and Four days before the runoff any single legislature since Texas 3,000 votes out of more than a the $26.7 million. Eisenhower is should contribute to the national Yarborough said the 1953 bill was 'entered the Union ... our state million cast. Eisenhower carried to be commended "for maintain- well-being. "weasel - worded" and "ineptly legislature has now enacted all Texas again. ing his own personal and official Congress passed a law award- drawn" and needed clarification 51 of the proposals which I sub- Last month word sifted to belief," but the suit "makes us ing the tidelands to the coastal by Congress or the courts. Texas mitted in January." He said also Texas that the federal suit was wonder who is running the ad- states in 1946, but President Tru- had a good claim, he said, but that he would work for better about to be filed (Observer, Nov. ministration." Daniel said he was man quietly vetoed it. After the "Shivers and h i s Republican farm - to - market roads ("there 1). Daniel wired Eisenhower say- glad Brownell was gone—and the court decision Congress tried friends didn't write the tidelands will be no let-up on the building ing such an action would violate legislature applauded loudly. again, and Truman, speaking of quitclaim bill that way." Speak- of these roads during this ad- "your own repeated statements." Brownell "told me two years "corruption," "robbery- in broad ing from his home town of Lib- ministration") and better rural Eisenhower replied he still fa- ago not to worry—that a boun- .s. daylight — and on a colossal erty, Senator Price Daniel, the schools ("the public school is vored the Texas claim, but he dary suit against Texas would be scale," and the oil lobbies want- bill's co-author, said he was the last bulwark against total added, "As you realize it is ap- a friendly affair and best for ing "us to turn that vast treasure "s h o c 1r e d" that Yarborough centralization"). propriate, of course, for the Su- Texas, because Texas would win over to a handful of states, where, would make such statements. preme Court to consider and de- and thus settle the matter for- the powerful private oil interests "President Eisenhowe r, in a cide whether" the 1953 act ef- ever," Daniel said. The suit "is At Hillsboro, Daniel decried hope to exploit it to suit them- statement to me in the White fected it. like a friendly game of Russian the notion that the Soviet Union selves," vetoed it again. House last month," said Daniel, roulette," he said. "N o b o d y had bested the United States by "said that he and his administra- In 1952, Gov. Allan Shivers, af- knows what might happen." being first into space with a sat- tion recognized that the bill re- `Turning His Back' ter an interview with Adlai Stev- The U. S. has an obligation to ellite. America's interest and stored our land within our his- enson, said he would support One morning last week Daniel defend the historic botmdary of faith in the infinite goodness and toric boundaries, and that these Dwight Eisenhower on behalf of went before the legislature and Texas, said Daniel. If Eisenhower strength of God, said Daniel, were ten • and a half miles from Texas tidelands. Eisenhower read a seven-page message on does not do this, he said, he will "makes Sputniks, Muttniks, and went to Houston and said he the shore in the Gulf of Mexico." tidelands. Brownell, he said, had be "turning his back on promises Whatniks seem puny." He added: would support Texas ownership There were, he said, according to filed a suit to "take away two- and obligations." "I don't think we should place of "the submerged area extend- the Houston Post, three things thirds of thl tidelands property The House passed a resolution, more importance on some man- the people of Texas could be sure ing three marine leagues sea- which is dedicated to our public apparently written by Daniel, made objects circling in space ward to the Gulf of Mexico." Ei- about concerning the tidelands school fund."' This was an effort saying Texans are "shocked, sur- than in our great and unyielding act: senhower carried Texas. "to repudiate the solemn agree- prised, and disillusioned," that faith in God ..." "1. The bill restores to Texas ments and promises which the "the great personal integrity" of Yarborough Role all lands within its full three- Federal Government made with Eisenhower "should be reflected At Abilene, the Governor told league (ten - and-- a - half mile) Texas." rather than repudiated" in. gov- party workers to shy away from For the third time, in 1953, boundary. After reviewing the Texas tide- ernment suits, that the govern- "splinter groups and third party Congress passed a quitclaim bill. "2. The bill would not have lands title claim, Daniel said that ment suit is "a repudiation of ideas." All Texas Democrats, he Brownell advocated specifying been enacted into law except for in 1953 he co-authored the tide- the solemn promises of President said, "should work toward reor- the 10.5 mile limit for Texas and the election of President Eisen- lands quitclaim bill. Brownell Eisenhower," that executive ad- ganizing, revitalizing, and re- Florida, leaving the other states hower ... told the Senate committee hear- vocacy, legislative e n actment, building the Democratic Party in, with three miles. Then-Senator "3. The Eisenhower Adminis- ing "we have in mind" the three- and executive challenge to Tex- Daniel opposed this and says tration will continue to support league tidelands for Florida and as's claim is a "bizarre travesty Texas through the duly elected now it would. have cost the votes Texas and its public school fund Texas, Daniel said. Brownell pro- on government by coordinate officers of the party." of the other coastal states. The in our right to the three-league posed a map so providing, but branches," and that Eisenhower bill therefore gave the states boundary under the bill enacted limiting other coastal states' tide- is petitioned to tell the Justice Earlier in the day of the Abi- their tidelands according to their by Congress. lands to three miles. The Texas Department to drop the suit. The lene speech, Daniel was awarded Senate was to act on the resolu- an honorary doctor of civil laws tion before Thanksgiving. R.D. degree by Hardin-Simmons Uni- Senate passed the resolution with DOT Catches Poll Tax 'Goof' one or two changes Tuesday. R.D. versity. AUSTIN the franchise, and that this is now state committee early next year. Somebody on the state Demo- spelled out in the election code. The SDEC newsletter also cratic ex e cutive committee Poll taxes paid by mail, ac- praised Gov. Daniel's record, say- BOW WILLIAMS goofed, said Mrs. Jean Lee, Aus- cording to the SDEC newsletter, ing: -"For the first time in the Automobile and MARTIN ELFANT tin, to last Saturday's meeting of must be sworn to. This, said Mrs. history of Texas, Gov. Price Dan- General insurance the Democrats of Texas. Lee, is also incorrect, since the iel and the Texas Legislature ip Budget Payment Sun life Assurance Mr's. Lee, DOT executive board last regular legislative session have completely enacted every Plan member, and chairman of the changed a provision requiring major plan in the state Demo- Strong Stook Company of Canada DOT's special poll tax committee, notarization of poll tax payments cratic platform." Companies said the Nov. 19 SDEC newslet- made by mail.- Suite 201 Century Building The newsletter said the recent t024 LAMAR, AUSTIN ter published erroneous informa- Mrs. R. D. Randolph, chairman "Dollars • for Democrats" drive GReenweod 2-0546 2120 Travis, Houston 2, Texas tion on poll tax regulations. - Let's Abolish tke Poll Tax! The newsletter said the blind, of DOT, said in a separate state- was "a confused one from the be- CA 441686 ID 3-1210 deaf and dumb, those who have ment the newsletter containing ginning" because Sen. Ralph lost a hand or a foot, perman- misinformation was a "subver- Yarborough and national Demo- ently disabled persons, and vet- sion of democracy" and 'betrays cratic committeewoman Mrs. R. erans with a disability of 40 per either gross stupidity or an in- D. Randolph "publicly stated at cent or more are entitled to ex- tentional scheme to hold down the beginning of the drive that emptions. Not so, said Mrs. Lee,_ poll tax payrhents by misleading, they wanted all of their funds to since the attorney general ruled, misinforming, •an. d confusing go to the national committee ..." in.d. the This caused, said the newsletter in. opinion No. 0-6236, that such Democrats." She was inclined to "another unnecessary public has- persons must purchase poll taxes. the latter theory, she said. strength for sle." The newsletter said J. Ed The newsletter said also, said Dot leaders met in Austin over Connally, Abilene, chairman of Mrs. Lee, that members of the the weekend and worked at per- the SDEC's version of the fund your life... armed forces are ant eligible to fecting their statement of a • code raising drive will make a full re- vote. Mrs. Lee pointed out that a of ethics for party procedures, port "later." WORSHIP TOGETHER THIS WEEK constitutional amendment passed which is to be presented to the in 1954 gave military personnel "I have never known a man conquered them. If they were to have faith in himself," goes the kind of people who talked Insurance an American adage, "unless he about themselves, they'd tell Over $80 Million In Force first has faith in God." you . . . "I never could have done IN HOUSTON — It takes - such courage and it without the help of God." strength to face life . . . greater The strong Faith they called courage and strength than any on to help them can be yours. BELL of us has alone. And yet the Build such a Faith for yourself. world is full of men and women This week and every week, INSURANCE AGENCY who met seemingly insur- worship with your family at 1307 CAROLINE STREET mountable obstacles .. L and your Church or Synagogue. CA 8-4469 HOME OFFICE — 5011 FANNIN, HOUSTON The Religion in American Life •Progran ALL KINDS OF INSIIRANCII First life insurance company in Texas with $1,000,000 —SINCE MO Capital and Surplus paid in cash prior to writing business

THE TEXAS OBSERVER Page 5 November 29, 1957 The Popular Arts and Folk Poetry of Mexico MEXICO CITY duced, but quickly and carelessly which, as with the Greek rhap- Me entierran en campo verde by an introduction in which the There are few countries in ,done to satisfy the tourist trade sodies and the medieval trouba- donde- me trine el ganado, editor has preicse things to say which folk art has reached as (or the equally debased taste - of dours, are still sung throughout con un letrero que diga: about the corrido's antiquity, its high a plane as in Mexico. Mexico's new middle class) is an the remotest villages of the Re- "Aqui murio un desgraciado" style (including its invocatioi.s From pre-conquest times the authentic work of art. public, we come face to face (They're burying me on a of the Diety, its repetitive cho- Mexican has expressed his It is a spiral from the anony- with the most vital, direct and green plain where the cattle can ruses, etc.), its creators and trou- deepest feelings — religious mous craftsmen of the Toltec, 01- unadorned manifestations of the trample my grave.' The headstone badours, its themes and the and secular—his highest as- mec, Zapotec, Mayan, and Aztec Mexican reality. Whatever event above me reads: "An unlucky events they celebrate. pirations and essential being cultures into the still very indig- (wedding, revolution, rape, mur- fellow died here." In Glosas y decimas de Mexico in the arts condescendingly. enous art of a Tamayo, a Can- der, s t r i k e, starcrossed love, Melancholy, epigrammatic, sen- (Foredo de cultura, Mexico, 1957) "labeled popular." Weaving, dela, a Chavez, or an Ana Merida. birth, or death) has captured the tient wit h out sentimentality, Sr. Mendoza analyzes another as- It is a tradition that has never popular imagination the in- these four lines are typical of the pect of the Mexican popular hardened into repetition. But one spiration for the corrido. Its death which intrudes so casually lyric, which is closer in form to Don Demarest in which the most explosive in- function is as informative as it into the corrido—as in these more sophisticated verse. In this dividualists have always found a it poetic, at once the jukebox, lines about the demise of Felipe anthology we come across vers pottery-making, toys and furni- touchstone and a framework in the newspaper, and the school- Angeles: de circonstance that speaks for ture, glass and wood-carving- the past. book of the rural masses. The Yo no soy de los cobardes the Mexican people in their more from the cheapest rebozos and Extraordinarily it is a little anonymous epic of the Mexican que le temen a la muerte, everyday experience: prophecies, serapes to the bullfighter's "suit documented culture. Apart from people, the corrido has its paral- la muerte no mata nadie, births, baptisms, accidents, wed- of lights," from the penny clay the monographs and essays in lels in other Latin American la matadora es la suerte dings. pots and cups to the most deli- periodicals like "Artes de Me- countries, principally in the Gau- (I'm not one of those cravens Any attempt to cover the im- cate vases, from sugar skulls and xico" and the weekly cultural cho balladry of Argentina and who are afraid of death, Death mense area of this country's folk crude but gay hobby horses to section of the newspaper "Nove- Uruguay, whose aesthetic cul- never killed anybody, the true art (which would have to range marionettes and dollhouses that dades," tnere have not been too mination and poetic fulfillment assassin is Luck.) from the Pre-Columbian pyra- could match the prize pieces of many books written by Mexicans was El Gaucho Martin Fierro by But if death is the recurrent mids and stellae to the mosaics of the greatest European craftsmen, on these aspects. Perhaps they Hernandez. The byline is indica- theme, love requited or unre- University City, from the ephem- from bubbly little blue and green are ashamed of their folk arts tive.- Whereas the poetry of the quited is as basic: eral expressions of the flower- pulque glasses to the most ex- until they reach the internation- horsemen of the Pampas was Comp se mi hate chinita, arrangers and firework-makers quisite goblets suggestive of Ven- ally respectable (and dollar and written by authors who were not que to amor es palo blanco, to the enduring work of Taxco's ice, from the gaily painted, rush- Franc negotiable) heights of Ri- only well-known but of high lit- ni se seta, ni enveredece, silversmiths, from the savage po- bottomed chairs that sell for 50 vera, Siqueiros, & Co. At any erary rank, the Mexican corrido nomas ocupando el campo litical cartoonists to the devout cents apiece to majolica'd chests rate, the people who have writ- is written by the people, sung by (I know that your love, Sweetie, painters of retablos) is a terri- and mahogany doors and beds ten most about Mexican folk art the people and heard by the peo- is like the white trunk that never tory too vast to hint at in this carved into arabesques as flow- have been foreignei s—whether ple. withers, never burgeons, just small space. It takes a foreigner ing as if the material had been they write in English like Fran- dominates the field.) with an encyclopedic mind even chese—these lead by degrees into ces Toor and Anita Brenner, or in Vicente T. Mendoza's two most to try to catalogue this diversity. the higher arts of the dance, Spanish, as adopted sons, like Some Lines important books are Romance y The Mexican reporter, over- painting, architecture, p o e t r y. Paul Westheim and Laurette Se- A corrido typical of all parts corrido (Mexico, 1939) and El whelmed by all this explosive And yet each—from the most j ourne. of Mexico—in a variety of ver- corrido mexicano (Mexico, 1954). and hard-to-reconcile embarrass- ephemeral and utilitarian to the One of the first international sions—is the Ballad of the Dis- The first traces the Mexican bal- ment of riches, tends to settle most exquisite and rococo-deca- artists and critics to write about obedient Son, who meets his fate lad's declaration of independence for the special crafts of his home dent—is the expression of an in- and illustrate Mexican customs by launching himself into ad- from the Spanish romance; the town, or one traceable stream in dividual and a tradition: an ex- was Linati, the Italian lithogra- ventures against his mother's second, which is an almost all- this vast network of creative im- traordinary fusion of one of the pher who visited Mexico in the advice: embracing anthology, is preceded pulse. world's most perdurable cultures 19th century. His Trajes civiles, and a rebelliously free and even militares y religiosos de Meyico, cranky genius. Almost any piece which has just been reprinted in that hasn't been not mass-pro- an elegant new edition (with re- markable color fidelity) by the Three Students on College Life University of Mexico Press, with AUSTIN much money will the work pay, "There's a kind of apathy. The a prologue and introduction by We had recent occasion to and "is it enough to provide me kids want to take up their place PARAGRAPHS Manuel Toussaint and in a trans- ask three student leaders at with security and comfort?" Ex- in. the economic community, and lation by Justino- Fernandez, pro- the University of Texas—the ceptions to this pattern aren't that's about all that's bothering vides us with a sharp-eyed, Harris Green, who wrote on chief journalist, the chief pol- frequent now, Clark says, but he them." The racial issue is still glowing report of the gowns and the arts in the Observer for a itician, and the chief moralist suspects they never have been. "a flaming sword," but it is uniforms, native costumes, and year or so, then left for the Big —about the condition of col- Clark believes that a majority about the only, one. And "of religious habits that could be Time East, has a review in the lege life. of the students here do feel they course an awful lot of them are seen in Mexico in the early 1800s. current Reporter Magazine. Bud Mims, 20-year-old editor want a more liberal integration afraid to say anything about it. (I m p r en ta Universitaria, Me- the Daily Texan and a journal- The University of Texas Press of the races—that this is a live It's thought to be a little queer to xico.) ism major, suggested that "the book, Platero and I, by Juan Ra- cause—and that there is also a get involved in public argument. mon Jimenez, has been listed in conformity of not thinking" is general desire for better educa- Myself, I've made a lot of ene- the New York Herald Trib's Symbols of Death now "very very widespread." It tion. mies by just stating what I be- is not so much that ideas are best-seller list. Translated by El- Paul Westheim, the European There is a lot of talk now lieved." He's glad he got in some dangerous. "They maybe, get the about the existentialists: Sartre, oise Roach and illustrated by Jo anthropologist and art critic who organizations before he became idea that nobody cares—the idea Camus, said Clark. A lot of stu- Alys Downs, the book recently has spent so much time in Mex- so outspoken. In one of them re- seems to be, what difference dents are reading Dostoevsky. went into a third printing. ico, visiting ruins and markets, cently he said a fellow objected does it make?" he said. Hemingway is still widely read, The Observer understands that casting a warm and perceptive to a prospect, "Well now this guy "but I haven't heard anyone say early next year the University of eye on Zapotecan sculpture and There are only two solid .cau- is controversial, we can't afford whether they agree with him or Texas will begin publishing "The the gaudy striped horses of Met- ses Mims can perceive among his to take this guy in." not." Faulkner "they like." There Texas Quarterly," with contents epec, has written an enduring fellow students. One is a move- Gunter perceives a curious ten- are a lot of jokes about Norman balanced among the sciences, the book on the omnipresent sym- ment for higher academic stand- sion among his fellows. There is Vincent P e al e, how to win social sciences, and the humani- bols of death in Mexican life, La ards and better teaching in a ambition: "Anything that has friends, and so forth, all of them ties. calavera (Robredo, Mexico, 1954). time of rising enrollments and something to do with some kind predicated on the idea that this The two Unitarian professors From the Aztec deaths-heads in crowded classes. The other is a of a big shot is pretty much wor- kind of business i s "kinda who maintained they were pres- auartz and jade to the orna- better accomplishment of educa- shipped." But there is also a bit- square." sured on religion at Baylor Uni- mented sugar skulls that lovers tional integration. terness. "Among the college stu- versity and have resigned, Dr. present each other and children Sartre and Kierkegaard are What moves them, what makes dent intellectuals there has been Harry Hollein and Dr. Paul Wil- consume on the Day of the Dead discussed quite a bit, Mims said. them go, if anything? "I think no stream of thought as influen- lis, speak at an open meeting of (Nov. 2, All Souls), Westheim Existentialism is a p p a r e n t that students have an. eye and an tial as existentialism." the Unitarian Fellowship for So- has traced the joyfully macabre much on the minds of the student ear still for great plans and for Gunter said there is "a huge cial Justice in Dallas Dec. 6 at continuity of popular Mexican these days — ("but more fre- great movements, but just as yet mass that don't think—or are the Dallas Unitarian Church. art from the pre-conquest to the quently people just don't think they haven't been presented with ashamed to think. They are present. much") — and has taken root in somthing they can fight for." afraid to be different. It's, queer `11■•••■•• Integration is pretty much on the to be t o o enthusiastic about The late Manuel Toussaint has the Christian Faith and Life way. Most of them are optimistic something. Anything that is any- written with verve and erudition Community, a student religious ANNOUNCING about the future. They are un- way nearly heroic or looks he- on many aspects of folk art, but foundation here, until now Sar- the publication of easy about their personal futures, roic—thumbs down. Persuasive especially its sculptural and ar- tre is one of their gods almost," but there is also a real "content- optimism, that's okay; but you've chitectural aspects; has under- Mims says. It's a Christian exis- ment" with the general prospect. gotta be calm and assured. Don't Big D Is for Dallas lined the contributions Indian tentialism there, of course. "There's really nothing to have ever stand up and pound your stonemasons and carpenters and HARLEY CLARK, the student cell meetings about. There's an fist or anything, because that's Chapters in the 20th-Century painters made to the flowering president, a 22-year-old govern- sort of childish." History of Dallas of the baroque. In his classic ment and political science major, absence of anything to throw yourself into." By JAMES HOWARD Patzcuaro (Imprenta Universi- says there is some feeling that Gunter characterizes the col- lege student as "worried about Distributed by taria, Mexico, 1942) he analyzes the talk about conformity among PETE GUNTER is a philosophy the young is just talk. "What are the future," enough disillusioned University Co-operative Society the fusion between the indigen- - senior, has reached the regional he's "afraid to have any burning 2246 Guadalupe, Austin, Texas ous and Spanish traditions—the we conforming to?" he asks. finals of the Rhodes Scholarship causes," "very anxious to imitate Available also from ancient pagan and the humanis- "The young people these days, competition, is chairman of stu- the elders," and finally, occupied Cokesbury Book Store tic renaissance elements, that they don't have a banner to car- dent activities during the Uni- with "an undercurrent of relig- 1910 Main, Dallas made this lakeside town such an ry," he says. "If they do have -a versity's 75th anniversary obser- ious concern, ultimate concern. and architectural wonder. banner it's for me." "Things are vation. He is devout in his ideal- That doesn't mean they're going McMurray's Personal Bookshop In the realm of poetry, popular pretty good. They think most ism and outspoken in campus around reading prayer books, but 1411 Commerce, Dallas expression holds especial sway about what they are going to do life. Thus he is what used to be they're asking, 'Where am I in the romances (which derive when they get out—they think the prototype of flaming youth Publication date: bound to?' " NOVEMBER 15 from Spain) and the corridos about themselves." They ask of but is no longer. $3.25 which are more essentially Mex- their prospects for the future, "We haven't had anything uni- THE TEXAS OBSERVER ican. In the people's ballads- will they be interesting, how fying to worry about," he said. Page 6 November 22, 1957 INDEPENDENTS VS. MAJORS ON IMPORTS AUSTIN tary imports control program is- oil, gasoline, or lubricants (total West Texas production to make "should be used ... whenever Independent oilmen in n't working satisfactorily. Gov . value of the state's contracts, way for imported oil. They also importers violate the restrictions_ Texas are now prepared to Daniel has clearly indicated he about $2.5 million) from any com- asked the commission to order which they have been asked to go further than is generally wants the voluntary program to panies not complying with the pipelines to connect about 8,400 apply." realized to break the major become in effect mandatory. Sen. voluntary import control pro- unconnected wells. Yarborough says: "Not only are companies of their lusting af- Yarborough, the junior Texas gram. Gulf, Magnolia, and Sin- As of Sept. 1, the Justice De- our independent oil men facing ter the bubbling profits they senator, an ardent defender of clair have most of these con- partment said purchaser prora- bankruptcy, but the bankers who enjoy from marketing much the independents, has called the tracts. tioning had been announced by loaned them money to drill the - cheaper - to - produce foreign major importing companies too A House-passed concurrent res- two principal purchasers, Esso wells are facing ruin, too." "The oil on the $3-a-barrel U. S. "greedy" to let the voluntary plan olution by Rep. Bill Elliott, Pasa- Standard and Gulf, with a third, big importing companies have market. work. dena—handled in a routine way Cities Service, indicating it might turned their backs on the Presi- Texas Independent Producers Sen. Lyndon Johnson says im- in. his absence by Rep. Tony Kor- do the same. Magnolia was pro- dent of the United States and on, and Royalty Owners Assn. vice ports are hurting the independ- ioth, Sherman — condemns "the rating but discontinued it in our domestic economy." T h e president and chief spokesman ents, but he is more optimistic refusal of major importers to ac- Texas in October and in three President should invoke "compul- W. Earl Turner says TIPRO is about the voluntary controls. cept full allowables set by the other states this month. Gulf has sory controls on oil imports when going to fight for a substantial Recently the legislature back- Texas Railroad Commission." It been taking eleven days' produc- necessary. Nothing else will work protective tariff against foreign stopped the independents' new charges: tion from non-exempt wells, but simply because the big importers oil ("an equalization tariff," he play with resolutions sizzling al- "Some major importing com- Nov. 15, as the Railroad Commis- are too greedy." prefers to call it). Does TIPRO leged monopoly, restraint o f sion set twelve days' production panies have refused to accept the Johnson says excessive imports, realize this would lead to open trade, and excessive importing by for December, Gulf was recom- full allowable of oil produced by mainly from the Middle East, conflict with the majors in Con- the majors. mending twelve, indicating it is wells connected to their pipelines, "have done great harm to Texas's ready to buy that much oil now. gress? "Yes. We agreed the other instituting pipeline proration, es- independent producers." If the day," he replied. Cartel's Noose tablishing their own system of John Davenport of TIPRO says voluntary plan does not work, he TIPRO's executive board met in Rep. George Truett Wilson, a market demand, thus overruling in Texas a number of pipelines says, the President has no choice Houston Nov. 5 and urged "a per- farmer from New Castle, spon- t h e Railroad Commission of have sold their gathering systems but "the effective use" of "the manent policy, including support sored a simple resolution saying Texas ... (tributary pipelines) to third par- authority to limit imports of oil ties, then reduced their purchases of congressional action, which imports are causing production "Some major importing com- when, as is now the case, they will assure limitation of oil im- cuts, abandonment of stripper panies have refused to accept from the gathering systems. A threaten the national security." ports" by cuts of about 400,000 gathering system, not being a wells, waste of oil, sale of oil be- trucked oil or have sold gather- It all adds up to an altercation, barrels a day. It was agreed, says low operating costs, loss of in- ing systems and refused to accept common purchaser under the law, gentlemanly or snarling, between Turner, that "our main effort oil from such gathering , systems does not have to take oil ratably, come for royalty owners, growth the independents and the majors. would be aimed at the protective after their sale ..." This results as does a pipeline. of unemployment, drops in state Farmer Wilson told the House tariff. The resolution does not re- revenue that "will probably" lead in monopoly and restraint of While TIPRO backs the first fer to it, but all the discussion three resolutions, it disclaims a members that he isn't prejudiced to new taxes, and bankruptcy for trade, it's said. against the majors, "but if they're gives first emphasis to the tariff." the independent "unless the noose fourth, sponsored by Sen. Frank The TIPRO -approved resolu- gonna turn into a Frankenstein, placed around his neck by the Owen, El Paso, and Rep. Louis Independents are, beyond any tion directs the Texas Attorney it's not so good .... We're gonna world oil cartel is loosened." Anderson, Midland, and finally doubt, losing some profits be- General to study possible action hit them right in the breadbasket His resolution, passed 80-12, passed. It proposes the govern- cause of the imports. Gov. Daniel under state conservation and an-. where it's gonna hurt 'em." As asks Sen. Johnson "to have intro- ment study injecting imported oil says the Texas economy loses $1.5 titrust laws. (Will Wilson said he the high tariff resolution passed, duced and sponsor legislation to into depleted or partly depleted million a day because of excess- would direct such an inquiry if Rep. Harold _Kennedy, Marble impose a substantial protective oil formations, "thus allowing the ive imports. (Texas Employment the resolution passed finally. It Falls, laughed and said, "Boy, tariff on foreign oil importa- oil producers of the United States Commission figures do not up- died on the Senate calendar the that's the funniest bunch of Dem- tions," except Canadian imports. to furnish a larger proportion of hold contentions imports a r e last day of the first special ses- ocrats I ever saw, voting for a It was pointed out that revenue the demand." Turner thinks this hurting oil industry employment sion; Turner said he thinks it will protective tariff." Whether Demo- bills originate in the lower house. is a wildcat resolution. —a point made by the independ- pass both houses this session, but crat Johnson will decide likewise, ents, Daniel, and Sen. Ralph Yar- Turner said TIPRO favors 50 to this is now doubtful.) or risk the wrath of major corn- borough. For October Texas pe- 85 cents a barrel tariff. "Without `Turned Backs' panies and free traders, and troleum and natural gas mining a tariff the extra profit goes to As early as last September, -whether Yarborough will chime Daniel said last month, "the employment is up 900 over 1956, the company. We think it ought TIPRO and four regional hide- in for a tariff at the risk of mak- profit is being removed from and the number of workers hi to go to the government to equal- pendent producer associations ing yet more suspicious those many oil wells and new explora- refining petroleum products is up ize the competition," he said. charged, to the Railroad Commis- among his supporters who don't tion is being jeopardized." He 1500 from a year ago, TEC says.) A House concurrent resolution sion, that the pipeline subsidiar- like his nuzzling-up to the inde- said the President's power "to Spokesmen for _ independents adopted by both Houses directed ies of nine major oil firms had pendent oilmen anyway, are two mandatorily reduce oil imports" maintain the President's volun- the Board of Control not to buy "subtly and skillfully" restricted of the most intriguing teasers of the forthcoming Congress.

Dems May Ignore South--Not Texas LEGALS / in the Corpus time being, even for "white men been encouraging attendance. An- meeting. "During the entire ses- CITATION BY PUBLICATION who know they are white," other dinner is set for Johnson sion, I received only half a dozen THE STATE OF TEXAS Christi Caller: "Daniel Voi- TO Effie Marie Ahart, Defend- ces High Praise for His Legisla- Weatherred advises conservatives Dec. 10 in Dallas, Mayor R. L. letters or cards from my district ant, in the hereinafter styled and tive Record." to unite behind Blakley for sena- Thornton announced. on the legislation which was sub- numbered cause: tor. mitted," he said. Highly skepti- You are hereby commanded to / The AP, reporting the filibus-' I Elton Miller, in the White cally, he reviewed the troops bill. appear before the 126th District Rocker in Dallas, says he Court of Travis County, Texas, to v ter against the troop bill, re- 7 Bascom Timmons, predicting be held at the 'courthouse of said The Austin Statesman editor- marked: "The Senate did not v Meyner of New Jersey will bleeds with pity for Shivers and county in the City of Austin, Tra- I ialized that the troop bill vis County, Texas, at or before recess but members staggered out get the Democrats' 1960 nomina- Blakley, "who are afraid Amer- will victimize "the pupils," means 10 o'clock A.M. of the first Mon- for lunch." tion, said Lyndon Johnson is out. ica is losing her freedom. Mostly day after the expiration of 42 "I don't believe the South will they're afraid they'll lose that 27 "intellectual starvation" for stu- days from the date of issuance, dents of closed schools. After the hereof; that is to say, at or before, Texas dailies are somewhat have much influence .... Both and a half percent depletion al- 10 o'clock A. M. of Monday the put out by the Eisenhower parties will be out to get the mi- lowance." Yarborough's "a cinch" oratory in the Capitol, "we will 23rd day of December, 1957, and have to live with what we do." answer the First Amend. Orig. Administration's suit against nority vote," he said. against multimillionaire Blakley, petition of plaintiff in Cause Texas for the tidelands. It's "dif- he says. Number 107,306, in which Henry 7 The Star-Telegram said a Ahart is Plaintiff and Effie Marie ficult to understand" Eisenhow- Shivers, in Houston, has pre- v troop bill should be manda- Ahart is defendant, filed in said er's position, says the Houston Political Intelligence I dicted a third party. "I hope tory or should make school clos- Court on the 1st day of Novem Chronicle. The Dallas News won- ber, 1957, and the nature of which that it comes soon," the Houston ing a joint school board-Govern- said suit is as follows: ders who is running the adminis- Conclusive reports here are Post quoted him. The close Blak- or's decision at the request of the Being an action and prayer for tration. The Fort Worth Star- judgment in favor of Plaintiff that Northern liberals in the ley - Shivers tie, coupled with board. The Dallas News said the Telegram ignores Eisenhower's and against Defendant for decree Democratic Party have decided Shivers's present advocacy of a law should give the Governor, at of divorce dissolving the bonds of personal support of Texas tide- to ignore the South, as Truman third party, will hardly endear the board's request, the power matrimony heretbfore and now lands and lets go a haymaker at existing between said parties; did in 1948; a third party is con- Blakley to Democrats, or Repub- "to order the school closed." "j u di c i a 1 lawmaking." Ernest Plaintiff alleges cruel treatment sidered with indifference. But licans, either. on the part of Defendant towards Joiner of the Ralls Banner isn't 7 Corpus Christi Caller says him of such a nature as to ren- Texas is not considered a part of confused: Daniel and Shivers now 7 Dr. Hector Garcia, founder of v under the lobby bill, the der their further living together the South: liberal Democrats as husband and wife altogether know what happens when one the American GI Forum, a greatest weakness is reporting count on Texas in the party's v insupportable; Plaintiff further gets abed with Republicans: "a group of Latin-American veter- during session only. "If a lobbyist alleges that no children were born election columns in '60. Thus of said union and no community neat doublecross from some past sent a legislator ten cases of Texas again will be a presidential ans, said in Corpus Christi that property was acquired; Plaintiff masters of the art." the Japanese workers importa- whisky, but didn't talk to him further prays for relief, general battleground of first importance. tion program is "to lay ourselves about legislation, he would not and special; / Preston Weatherred, Dallas All of which more fully appears Sen. Hubert Humphrey spoke open to infiltration into our be required to report," says the from Plaintiff's First Amended v lawyer, sometime lobbyist, at a bonds for Israel rally in trades and professions and per- Caller. "Ignored is the public Original Petition on file in this and pundit without portfolio, has right to know what legislators office and to which reference is Houston, but without much press haps into another Pearl Harbor here made; sent out a letter to "interested attention. As is customary, he ... These workers plan to learn are being paid regular fees that If this citation is not served parties" on Texas politics. "States the American way of life and represent a conflict of interest." within 90 days after date of its paid tribute to Rayburn, Johnson issuance, it shall be retained un- rights and racial integrity" are then replace our white collar and and Yarborough. Only the Yar- I Ed Burris of TMA lists his served. the issues, he says; DOT brings trades workers ..." Witness, 0. T. Martin, Jr., Clerk borough reference was applauded. favorites in Washington in of the District Courts of Travis together "the elements who are County, Texas. devoted to the causes of the Tickets to the Johnson din- Sen. Charles Herring, consid- this month's TM A magazine: Issued and given under my hand NAACP, of the COPE, and of ... ner in Houston Dec. 4 are I ering a race for governor ox "What has happened to the Tafts and the seal of said Court at of- fice in the City of Austin, this the Heirarchy of Northern De- now being hawked in Austin. J. lieutenant governor, sent out a and the Byrneses who once digni- the 4th day of November, 1957. mocracy." Yarborough is "the S. Abercrombie, Houston oilman, newsletter to constituents noting 0. T. MARTIN, JR. fied the Congress? ... Who will Clerk of the District Courts, idol of this group," he says. On says attendance will be limited the "greatest weakness" in the Travis County, Texas the other side, he says, are Dan- to 1,000. Few members of Harris lobby act is that it requires re- replace the Byrds, the Jenners, By , GEO. W. BICKLER, Deputy the Russells ... ? Knowland is iel, Johnson, Rayburn, and Shiv- County Democrats plan to go, but porting of expenditures only THE TEXAS OBSERVER ers. Nixing a third party for the some Houston AFL leaders have- when the legislature is actually retiring ..." Page 7 November 29, 1957 POOL'S ANTI-NAACP BILL STIRS FIGHT AUSTIN stage in the Senate, after a Grady Hazlewood, Amarillo, hav- House for concurrence. To pass it goner Carr did not rule on the House segregationists, led lengthy (one hour, 30 minutes) ing moved to cut off further de- in the little time left, it would be issue Friday. Over the weekend by Rep. Joe Pool, Dallas, speech against it by Sen. Henry bate on the bill by winning a mo- necessary to suspend House rules. Pool wrote a substitute limiting Tuesday pushed, through to Gonzalez, San Antonio, aided by tion to order the previous ques- This would require a four-fifths the bill to any organizations final passage a bill requiring Sens. Abe Kazen, Laredo, and tion, 18 to 13, Lane rammed majority and it was not certain whose activities are designed to any organization to register Hubert Hudson, Brownsville. through the bill, by the same thkt Poll had that many votes. "harass, hinder, or interfere" in Lane, in debate, admited the vote margin, 18 to 13. the state's control and operation and furnish a list of its mem- Pool's bill was bitterly fought bill was aimed at the NAACP, Although both House and Sen- of the schools. However, Carr bers to a county judge re- in the House. Last Friday Rep. which, he said, took its orders ate were shooting for sine die could not rule the substitute questing such information. Malcolm MacGregor, El Paso, ob- The same bill, sponsored by Sen. from "niggers and foreigners adjournment Wednesday, there within the Governor's call, be- jected that this was outside the Wardlow Lane, Center, late Tues- up in New York." was still a chance the bill might cause it could not come up ex- day moved to the engrossment Wednesday m o r n i nag, Sen. fail when it went back to the Governor's call. Speaker Wag- cept in terms of the original bill. MacGregor. insisted o n his point of order Monday morning. Carr said, "The point of order A Midnight Watch with Gonzalez would be good against the orig- inal bill .... Ordinarily the point (Continued from Page 1) He spoke well of Dr. Frederick After "secret confabulations" "This is a moment of heat, and of order would be sustained." to let local boards close schools I Eby, who talked against the bill Daniel promised East Texans passion, and fear." The battle But in "the particular situation if they find violence or the in committee, "that venerable 'that something would be done if will be lost, but the war won: we find ourselves," that is, with threat thereof which cannot be Nestor who took time to warn they were good boys," "going "The heart must be the stronger, the legislature almost closing, controlled, ii their judgment, the hot-headed Hotspurs who back on his word" that only foun the mind the bolder, the courage 'and with Pool needing only "a without' military troops. think they can inveigh against matters would be submitted in a the greater, when our forces mere formality, a rewriting it so "This is not an anti-troops bill. the inevitable." letter before the first called ses- dwindle." "We have the duty of that the point of order would not It is a schoolchild lockout bill— sion, he said. Daniel so accuses speaking up." be good," Carr said he would "They are trying to appease a a legalized hookey bill ... Before Eisenhower, but it must be "a "You're actually authorizing leave the decision. on McGregor's squeamish, hysterical, and neu- we're through with this second communicable d i s e a s e, this -the rape of the public school sys- point of order against the orig- rotic section of Texas ... This is session, we'll be inundated by an breach of faith." tem." inal bill to a vote of the House.. a Governor's trade-out for votes. orgy of race bills ... This is the It may be, said Gonzalez, that Parkhouse said suddenly that Said MacGregor: 'If we're oper- This second session can well be work of those who hate some Daniel "envies the Governor of if Gon?alei was going to "make ating under the rules of the things more than they love the called Gov. Daniel's pelon to East Arkansas the publicity he has a spectacle of himself" he ought House nothing else can come up school system." Texas .... a cheap political deal received." not to lean on his desk. Sen. (on the bill). In effect we've Chick Kazen, Laredo, came to the thrOwn away the rule book .... defense: Gonzalez was represent- It's not very fair." Said Rep. B. H. ing his people, and as for the re- Dewey, Bryan, a subject of a Walter Reuther in Austin . mark: "I resent it." Gonzalez special session has to be "desig- said it was "a very uncouth out- nated in the proclamation of the AUSTIN to segregate people on the basis devotion to it is not lip-service burst" b u t "considering the governor." MacGregor • a d d e d, Walter Reuther, Ameri- of race, creed, or color. We think "but how deep you're willing to source we must dismiss it." "I "Even though it (the point of or- can labor's number one legis- you have to judge people by their dig into your pockets to pay taxes had to come up through the jun- der) is goody it's gonna be sub- lative spokesman, spent an worth rather than by their color. to make it passible." The Na- gle of the West Side and I think mitted to you so that you can in- afternoon and evening in That philosophy we would apply tional Assn. of Manufacturers and I know how it is to have to fight effect throw out the 'rule book. Austin the other day spread- generally." U.S. Chamber of Commerce, in alley-fashion." Without rules you cease to have ing evangelically his idea of Of national labor's next Texas opposing federal aid for school In the evening at 8:30, after a democratic body." the American duty. organizing targets: That's up to construction, lost America irre- half a day's talk, Kazen asked a Pool said: "It is for the legisla- He arrived at the airport and "each 'union." coverable time in its conflict with few questions. How long would ture to determine what the legis- communism, he said. answered reporters' questions: On "the nub of where we are r Gonzalez talk? he asked. "I fig- lation shall be." His bill was for We must understand, he said, Of Senator Yarborough: "An going": "We have the technology ure that it could take 100 how s "making these agitators give a that in such lands as India, the outstanding public' servant, a of total self-destruction, and by .... You know the old saying, list of their members, their of- status quo means "mass poverty man of great ability and integrity the same technology we have the man proposes and God disposes." ficers." "We have an emergency and human desperation" and that who is serving not only the peo- tools o f economic abundance. in Dallas The NAACP is go- such people cannot be expected ple of Texas, but contributing to America's job is getting those re- ing out here and agitating vio- to help with guns in a war until `Invites Violence' the welfare of the whole of sources committed to a positive lence." they have enough to eat. He said The bill, he said, is '"an invita- America." struggle." • On a record vote the House de- Of the Texas delegation in the communists know this and tion to violence .... a bill to sub- feated MacGregor's point of or- Speaking at the University of Washington generally: The dele- are feeding and equipping unde.- sidize the White Citizens' Coun- Texas on a Great Issues program, der 70-57. gation of any state tends to re- privileged masses of people. cil with tax money .... Troops Rep. Doc Blanchard, Lubbock, Reuther said America is "not try- flect the situation in the state. They turn to ask the U.S., then, don't have to get there under this asked if the bill would require ing:" "We must raise our sights," Texas is more dominantly "agri- he said: "How do you equate, in bill." A threat of violence is registration of Masons, VFW, he said. At the top of a list of na- cultural" in thinking. your fabulous country, material enough, he said. "You can imag- American Legion, Knights of tional priorities hf-the Sputnik Of Lyndon Johnson he would wealth with social morality?" ine how many Johnnies will be Columbus, T M A, Methodist crisis should be education. Sweep- not speak directly, but of the "For the first time, poverty is shooting spitballs." Nor is teach- Men's Club, Farm, Buieau, AFL- ers at Ford plants make more Democratic leadership in Con- historically antiquated," he told ing matter specified. "It doesn't CIO. No, said Pool, but "it'll get than 50 percent of the elementary gress: "It has to work harder r.t about 4,000 students. say what they'll teach—whether the NAACP, I'll tell kou that.". teachers: "The sweepers didn't developing a greater sense of in- "Do we push mankind over the hoochery or lechery or the three Why not name the NAACP in the gt too nruch.. The teachers got-too ternal discipline in carrying out rim of hell? Or can we find a I's." bill? asked Blanchard. "Because little." the platform (of the Democrats)." way to use man's genius 4o bring He quoted Lincoln: :Those who t'll make it unconstitutional and • Of segregation in AFL-CIO lo- "Education is the golden key," us to abundance? Our problem is deny freedom to others deserve it you know it." and you know it cal unions: "We believe it's wrong he went on. But the measure of to learn to manage abundance. not for themselves and under a you know it," said Pool. We know how to make things, just God cannot long retain it." Rep. Jim Cotton, Weatherford, He quoted Churchill: "Never but we don't know how to dis- and then Rep. Dewey, objected give in, never, never, never, tribute what we make." the bill, which makes violations never give in, regardless of the RALPH PLUGS FOR AGED On labor corruption, Reuther punishable by $50 to $200 for each seeming preponderance of the AUSTIN This Monday Yarborough ad- said he was as shocked as any- day's violation,. was "vague and overwhelming opposition." There Sen. Ralph Yarborough calls dressed a Democratic rally at body by the headlines. "Just be- indefinite." Carr overruled both was applause from the gallery. the $2-a-month raise in the old Wichita, Kansas. He said Texas cause Mr. Beck stole money does- points of order. No one spoke for age pension maximum "a pitiful is a Democratic stronghold, "and n't mean every labor leader's a For seven minutes, half an hour or against the bill as it passed increase to tack on a starvation yet we haven't been able to elect crook." In Illinois a Republican before midnight, Kazen asked second reading 80-50. allotment," but at least some- a real Democrat to the govern- Governor stole $2 million, and more question's. ("I just couldn't That afternoon, as a bat wink- thing. He said in a 35-station ra- or's office in eight years. Instead, businessmen, too, have taken the sit there and watch him go," he ed back and forth under the dio broadcast that some Texas we keep electing these hybrid fifth amendment before the labor said. "From now on he's just white rococo ceiling of the House death certificates list the cause of political animals. They have the rackets committee, he said: "No punishing himself.") Gonzalez chamber, now buzzing the gallery, death as malnutrition. "Our so- Republican elephant's trunk, and group has a monopoly on virtue was stretching his legs and back now buzzing the Speaker's stand, called land - of the Big-Rich, the Democratic donkey's tail. or sin, there seems to be enough by leaning on his stiffened arms; Rep. Bob Mullen, Alice, rose to boaking twelve men who each The result is a mixture of which of each to go around for all." He his voice had turned hoarse. oppose final passage. said he thinks Beck, the man have over $75 million, is still the neither party can be proud, or "There are those who would In. his county (Jim Wells), said who bribed him, and the man land of hungry old folks," he confident." even sacrifice the public school Mullen, "one time we had a said. The average old-folks check who arranged for the 'bribe, ought judge" who would have been de- Yarborough also said the Ad- system on these altars of bigotry of $45 monthly in Texas is 40th to get 15 years "to think over lighted to have such a bill to use ministration in Washington put and hatred." "Hysteria" and "ab- among the 48 states and $15 be- their sins." against political enemies. _ the budget ahead of military de- normal fear" prevail in Texas on low the national average, he said. Rep. Dewey was the second and fense and now has had to call in He developed figures he felt the issue. "Are we our brother's "We have heard the cries of the last speaker against the bill. It is, "the wisest egghead of them all, showed that there is "something keeper?" big money interests when higher wrong." Small business, farm in- he said, "truly unconstitutional," Adlai Stevenson." The junior He talked hoarsely, vaguely on old age pensions are mentioned," come, and employment are all "vague and indefinite," "not in senator recommended "a Na- into the early morning hours he said. "They scream, 'it is so- taking a beating, while the major the Governor's call." "You're giv- tional Educational Fund to search when no one was there but a few cialism.' But I tell you, we are corporations are making killings ing the county judges a dictator- out the many young men and reporters, Parkhouse in the chair, strengthening—not softening—the under the GOP, he said. Take- ial ability to harass different or- women who have special apti- and Harold Kilpatrick, executive moral fiber of Texas when we home profits of the first 100 U.S. ganizations." "You could have tudes, but no money for a college secretary of the Texas Council of answer the needs of those who corporations went up, 90 percent the county judge bring religious education. Our greatest waste of Churches, who spent the night in have done a life's. work ... when from '52 to '57, he said; take- groups before him under this natural resources ... is in not the gallery; ('with him"). He was we provide them with enough home pay in manufacturing only bill." developing ... the brains of the sweating a lot as daylight came. milk and a little meat." went up 21 percent the same per- Pool made no closing speech. youth of America." At 6:11 • he sat down an instant to Speaking in McKinney, Yar- iod, he said. The bill finally passed the House borough said the best service He also urged combining U.S. rest his legs. Just before 7 o'clock 76-62. Ezra Benson could perform for scientific knowledge and resour- "Is man only equal to his great- in the morning he sat down. farmers and ranchers "would be ces with those of other NATO est effort in terms of his nega- The Senate then passed the TEXAS, NOVEMBER 22, 1957 to resign." countries." tive reflexes?" he asked. bills. Page 8 November 29,' 1957