ROPORTNO ISBN-0-89776 094-8 PUB DATE 84 NOTE 65P.'; Fo the 1978 Survey, Pee Eb.186 021

DOCUMENT RESUME . Cs 504 838 ED- 254 873 .r .

AUTHOR' Mendel, Robin; And Others TITLE Public Radio .Programming Contentby\Category,Fiscal Year 1982. INSTITUTION Corporation for Public Brbadcasting, Waihington, D.C. ROPORTNO ISBN-0-89776 094-8 PUB DATE 84 NOTE 65p.'; Fo the 1978 survey, pee Eb.186 021. Several .pages maybe marginallylegible. AVAILABLE FROMCorporation foi Public Broadcasting, 1111 Sixteenth Street, NW, Wai-hiAgton, DC,20036 ($3.00 prepaid). PUB TYPE Reports - Descriptive (141)

EDRS PRICE' MF01 P19!Postage.- PC Not Available from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS, BroadcastNIndustry; 'Content Analysis; *Educational Radiof Na-t-i-oiva4-1-urvay-s4--*Rragraming..(Jroadclis..t.) IDENTIFIERS' Corporation for PUblic Broadcasting.; *National Public.

Radio; *Public Radio t

4 ABSTRAtT Part of a series of statistical surveys on public broadcasting based on data supplied by public television 'and Corporation 'for Public Broadcasting qualified publicradio stations, ,his report provides details of public radio program content for fiscal year 1982, The-chapters include information on thefollowing: tus of ublic radio in 1982;(3) public radio progtiming statistics;,(4)'musig,and news / public affairs programing;(5) informational, spoken word, 'instructional,"and speciar interest programing; and (6) National Public Radio and locally distributed programing. Appendixes include a discussion of the survey method and operations, computation of Standard error, and the survey instruments and cover letters. (HTH) "..,

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:PUBLIC RADIO PROGRAMMING CONTENT BY CATEGORY FISCAL YEAR 1982

Prepared 'by Robin Mendel Natan Katzman Solomon Katzman Research and Programming Services 6 for Comm; itiOn 'for Public Broadcasting 6.

202/293-6160 . An li*alOpportunity Employer M/E ISBN: 0-80776-094-8 PUBLIC RADIO PROGRAMMING CONTENT 13Y CATEGORY FISCAL IYEAR 1.982 0.

6 VI

Centents

Inp,oduction and Acknowledgments t 76 I firstiIights viii

f 0 - I.1)cl-11-talons and (;ategories , \ II.Pdblic Itadio in 1982 3 III.Public ,Itadio bv I)avpart .:.. 21 IV. ,usi and News/Pubhu Affairs Programming 29 V. Informational, Spoken Word, Instistietional, and Specialnteresi Programming 33 VI. -NPR aildmallv I)istributediograinming 37

dr' Appendices A. Survey Method and Operations 1 B. Computation of Stiindard Error .43 C. Sw.rvey Inotrnments aid Cover Letters 47

%.*

Jr 111

ry Tables

9 II: 1 Average Annual Hours Per Station by Station Category' 11.2 Percentage of [lours by Format by Station Category 10

. 11.3 Percentage Of Ilours by Distributor by Station Category 1 1 11.4 Percentage of I lours by.Moder4 Transmission by Stition 12 . Category 11.5.A Pereentage.(11 !lours by Cemtent Categories 13 , 11.5.B Percentage of llofirs by Content Categories (1.icensee.Type) 1 3 . ,..r. II.5.0 Percentage of I laurs by Conyt Categories (Budget Sie) 14 11.5.1) Pvcentage of I lours by Content Categories (Region)'a 14 11.5.1., Percentage of !lours by Content Categories (Time Zone)...... 1:- 15 .11.5.FPercentage of Hours by Content Gategories (Market '1')A$e) I5 II.5,G Percentage of [lours by Content Categories (AM or Fl J) - . 15' 11.6 Average !loins andPc.rcentages of Content Categoriesin Average Broadcast Day by Station Category 16 11.7 Percentage of Iloms by Repeat From Previous Two Mocks by.

1 Station Category , 11.8 Percentage of I lours by Program Focus and Target Audience by .

Station Category i '18 111.1 AvcrageMimitesPeF Station AndPerAitageof flours by Content CatcgorYsivy flour of Day 1-,s 21 .111. 2 Perecutagecf flours by Title by Weekpiirt and Daypart 111.3 Pentntage of I lours,by Daypart and Weckpart by Content ) ) Categories 24 5 'S III.4.A Percentage of !lours by Format by Weekp, art and Daypart .. I11.4.8 Percentage of !lours by Focus of Program by Weekpart and 1 bypari /6 Illi.4.,CPercentage of !lours by Target Audience by Weekpart and Daypart 26 111.4.1) Percentage of I lofirs by Distributor by Weekpart and Daypart ..)....---, 111.4.1'. Percen.tage of I lours byrode-of Transmission by Weekpart and f . 1 ''' 1)aypart .. .- . 111.4.1 Percentage of I fours by Repeat From Previoti's'wo Weeks by Weekpart and Daypart , 28

lyil Pjrceia.ge of All Music flours by Musical.'.ategory , ill , IV.2 Percentage of Music [lours by Saceted Programs , 30

_1V.3 Percentage of Music Hours bt)Mode of 'Fransinisston -30 IV.4 Percentage of New's/Public Affairs I tours by 1lVigrain 'Type 31 ...... - 1V.5 Percentage of News/Public Affairs Hours by Certain NPR Programs 31 IV.6 Percentage of Music and .News /Public Affairs flour's by Format 31

IV.7 ['eft:village of Musk. and News/Public Affairs I lours by Distributor . . 31 IV.M Percentage of Musk and News/Public Affairs !lours by Repeat .... 31 ., vii tl

111

PL1131,IC RADIO PROC;RAMMINet. CONTE '1' BY CATEGORY FISCAL, YEAR 1981

r V.1 Percentage of Totannformation Hours by Information Category ... 34 V.2 Percentage of. Total Spoken Woid Performance Hours by Category 34 V.3 Percentage of Information and ;Spoken Wo\dPerformance` lours

by NPR Programs ' _.1 34t V.4 Percentage of Instructional Hours by Instructional Category. 34 k V.5 Percentage of Special Interest Hours by Focus or 'Target Gt 6up... 34 V.6 Percentagmf Hours of Information, Spoken Word Performance, e Instructional, and Special Interest Programming by Format 35 V.7 Percentage of Hours of Information, spoken Word yerformance Instructional, and. Special Interest Programming by Distributor.... 3; V.8 Percentage of Hours of Inforpiation, iken Word Performance; Instructional, and Special Interest Pro ramming by Repeat From Previous Two Weeks 35 V1.1 Percentage of NPRJ-lours by Title 39 VI.2 Percentage of NPR and Locally Distrigirs by Content" Categories .39 V1.3 Percentage of NPR and Locally Distributed Hours by Format 39 ,VI.4 Percentage of NPR and Locally Distributed Hours by Repeat From PreviouS Two Weeks 39

Appendix Tables

B.1 Broadcast Hours by Category 45 R. 2 Standard Errors of Broadcast Hours 45.

1.4 I

viii , F.gtires ;

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L. . IL IUPBQtrkilifi0131.114k. Radio Stations, 1970-1982 4 14'.2 Average Annual 1,-liirs Pcr Station by Stati:n Ca *pry. S. 11.3 Pub lieltiAlio- Prograinuiing llours by Format ,J) 1.1.4 Public Radio Programining !lours by Contwit Ca gory 6 . r 11.5Public .R.Liclio Prligramining Maas -by Distribut(im 6 Ill. I' -Averagennites Per. Siat.ni by Content Categories by 1 lour of .. r) 4 ,- Day it- . . IV. I of !V lisle flours by Format 30 s. 41 .1V.2 PerCentage ofMews/Public Affairs !lows by Format . .1V.3 Percentage of Music flours by Distributor 30 1V.4 Percentage of News /Public Affairs [lours by Distributor 30 , . r - ./-V.I.Percentage of [lours of Specir4,1ntcrestyrogramming by Foci's of

ProV,ram'and Target Audience , 34 V1.1Per(cmtage of NPR, Locally Distributed Hours, and Total Ilours I. by Content Categories 38

F. a

ix Introduction andAcknowledgments )

This document represents the qulminana of nearly two years' work from the design stage througll data collection and processing and final publication. The figures presented herein are 'based on data covering the 1982 fiscal yearOctober 2, 1981 through September 30,, 1982. surveywas in the form of a stratified sample-- with each one of 228 public radio stations sampled for seven clays, on a different day of the week in each of Seven seaslins. (Sec Appendix A, Survey Method And Operations, for more details%) methodology and structure of this report replate the work done in Public Radio Programming Content br (;ategory: Fiscal Year 1980. That surva?frad been based on designs applied to a survey of 001)115. radio content for Fr197g. Major changes were mad, however, between. the 1978 and 1980 surveys. comparions between 1982 and 1980 arc valid, aid in the case of sOme variables comparisons to 1978 data can alsobemade.

. We thank the many people who providenupport for this project; especially all those:stations that took the time and effort to co;uplete,the survey.fon:ns. Youpg Lee,'of C1V§,Qffice of Policy Development and Planning, proVided gvidance at various stages. Powers, of NPR, helped clarify points concerning public radio operations and provided the breakdown of special interest items for specific programs examined. We hope this report covers all the information that can be of tise to those who must understand and guide public. radio and educational_ technology. If there is a. need for further analysis, the data base remains intact At CPR. e t '411 Robin Mendel 01. Nat7 Katzman Sole *

4 r;."`.

xi Highlights /

In 1.'isZsal Yea 111982, 228 public radio stations received Community Service Giants (CSGs) for a full year, alp, increase of.I9 stations from 1980. 'the average station broadcast 6,892. hours of material during the:year, representing an increase of 1.4 percent in the niimber Of hours of material tier station over 1980 levels..9verall, these stations accounted for nearly 1.6 million hours of material broadcast during the year. _ Music programming alone accounted for 68.5 perirent of all material aired on publicradio.stations in f'i'scal Year 1982. It accounted for 70.5 percent of all air time on.I'M stations, Ina only 42.9 percent of all air time onAM stations. music hours, 53.6 pi;rcentas classical while 22.8 percent was jazz. The averageF.M.s6tion aired Ionger hours than did an' 1M station during FY 1982. This vvas.primarily clue to the FCC's guideline limiting air time of certain AM stations. Also, .a large nuniber of AM stations were owned and ()wrath(' by the joint licenSces, who., operated both AM and FM stations in the same coverage areAs. Accordingly, theseStations':

programming content was different from their sister stations'. . News/Pti,blie affairs programming accounted for 19.3 percent of all air time in Fiscal Year 1982. It represented 40.3 percent of the material broadcast between 3 p.m. and / p.m, on weekdays:Of all news/public affairs hours, (--)ilitternationalscope (arid 10.5 percent was strictly local or regional iii scope whilet53.9 percent was. of national

not regiOnal). . Other informational programming accounted for 7.7 percent of all air time, spoken word performances accounted for 3.8 percent, while instructional material accOunted-foi 0.6 percent of all air time in FiscalYear 198?r, Of all material aired in FY 1982, 6.6 percent was special interest programming. Announcer with vordings.was the format for 55.3 Percent of all air time in Fiscal Year 1982, compared to 52.7 percent in 1980. The magazine forinat made up 17.7 percent (14.7 percent in 1980), while concertscompri.sed 1. 12.9 percent of all air time in FY 1982 (124 percent in 1980). NPR distributed 24.7 percent of all material broadcast in Fiscal Year 1982 compared to 24.6 percent in 1980.. Local material comprised 5173 percent of all air time in FY 1982, compared to 55.4 percent in 1980. . The single program All Things Cormidered accounted for 6.4 percentof all air time (up from 6.1 percent in 1980), national components of Morning Edition accounted for 5.9 percent (tip from 2.3 percent in 1984).

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' X 40 mml EMmoliMm... I I I I m." 411 to Chapter I.-' De,firlition'swidCategories

DEFINITIONS The stilton must originate a significant, locally pro- duced program service designed to SerVe its t0111- Public Station 'nullity of license. .- 1' public riidiolitation is a tqlit that transmits a non- The statical uni0. have read a total amnia! operating commercial radio signal. Filch statical has its own fre- budget of at leasts$I05,000 1980, .40ittiencv and call letters and serves a community covered by the broadcasting radius of its transmitter. Several 4 lours of Material stations may be owned or operated by the same organization, such ax one entity operating both an AM and To compote the total number of hours broadcast by FM. station. These stations are consiokredto be datiinct-. the stations in a given program category, all the minutes broadcast units for the purposes of this surYetr As is of programming in. that categ(iry, as reported in the sur- often used in this report, the term "public radio statical" vey, were added together and divided by 60. Since pro- implies that the statifin is CPB-qualified. g,ranis shriller than three minutes were eXCIIIded fr0111 the survey and since some stations did not report a to 'CPR-Qualified ruble Radio Station of programming hours equal to the length of their A Anon is said to be CPB-qualified if it has met the broadcast day, it was-necessary to correct these figures criteria established h the Corporation for Public liroad- upwardly. Thus, estiiiiates of actual !loins of program- casting. (CIII) for determining assistance eligibility ming broadcast in a given category during the period Throughout he period covered by this surveynamely, surveyed were reached. The figures most often pre-, the 1982-fiscal year. There were 228 Well stations in seined iii this report represent.average annual hours per 1982 which have been included in this survey.- station. These figures take .into account the sampling The essential standards are summarized as follows: .rate of the survey (soli- out of 364 days) and the re- sPonse rate among stations of different typA". The station must be licensed by the FCC as a non- ruction factors arc discussed in Appendi:. commempl educational radio station. Method and Operations. The minimum primary signal requirements arc those necessary to produce followinficldstrengths in the community of license: AM stations-0.; niv/nr, FM

stationsI.0 . STATION CATFC;ORI A minimum of five full-time professional radio staff members must be employed on an animal basis. For the purpose of comparison in this report, the 228 The station must have sufficiently equipped on-air- stations included in the survey were categorized by six and production facilities to.allow for broadcast of pro- variables. The following is a description of the variable.- gramining of high technical quality. ,categories and the number of stations in each: The statiOn's minimum operational schedule must be 18 hours )Cr day. Licensee Type 'The station's daily schedule must be devoted to programming Of good duality that serves demonstrqted Tile -stations were organized into categories on the , conuminity educational, inhirmational; and cultural basis of the entity that holds the FCC license to operate needs. the station.

1 !Till AC RADIO PROGRAMMING CONTKNT BY CATEGORY FISCAL Y1.1,AR.1982

Community (SS stations): 1\lichigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, x\11 independently created Qporation or founda- !Missouri, North Dakota, Ohio, ti serving the coniiiiiiiritv7here it is 'Mated. South I)oakota, and Wisconsin 84 stations llinversitv (14 stationst: lest A university 'Or COIICLie. Alaska, Arizona, (.:alifornia. I' 9tD hi(;114AlltliMitV (19 S.tilti(111S):- . . Colorado, 111,uvaii, Idaho, NIontana, municipm, authority locartdmuustratiye. : unit Neyrk.la, New Mexico, Oregon. (511(11 IN a school board). lltahr Washingtoil., and 111yolning.' 5 stations State (8 stations): Outlying

A gm eminent department of one of tlrc SO states Puerto Rico I station in the U.S. or its territories.

4 V Time Zone Budget Site Lk The four tiluc /MIL'S \'iIill the 11Sed The folk ming fonr.budget ategoriesxere created on Were: the basis of the figures reported in the fl 1981 CM Annual rinancial Report, a survey of CPB-qualifil raster!' statiolis radio stations. Central 83 stations Mountain 15 stations 9 stations Less thaii SI 50,000 Pacific 42 stations ' 50,000S299,999 72 Stations y;00,o(H) -5499,999 87 stations Eastern includes Puerto kiw and Pacific includes all (.,7)110.000 and over , 60 stations time zones in Alaska.

Region Market Type regionsWerC used rile 'dined Single-Station marketI51 stations: Northeast The station in question is the oi/i n mbhc radio sta- (:onnecticnt, 1)elaw are, tion broadcasting' in its marke . 11lashington, D.C., Maine. Multi-Station market-77 stations: \1,1r1 land, Massachusetts, NOV There is at least one other Public radio station with lioetpslin'e, New Jersey, New York, au overlapping signal in the given station's market. Pennsylvania, Itliodc% rdaud, Vermont, and \Vest \'irginia 33 stations AM or +h1 South Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Refers to the two types of radio signalstrNnitted Georgia, Kentucky. Louisiana, and is also considered part of the station s call lettera. Nlississiippi, North Carolina, Thus, KtlAT-AM and KUAT-FM are two distinct pub- Oklahoma. South (roliiia, lie radio stations iithe Phoenix market. 111., Tennessee, Texas,taN Virginia stations Central AM 19 stations Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, 209 stations .

2 0 16=1===""mo4.1 Chaptelt > Pub dio in ,r982 st.

Alr

SYSTFAI Almost exactly one third of the stations exist in multi- ft, station markets where another public radio statio was 'nitre were-56 ptthlic radio stations that qualified for foulid and these stations were Ou the air for slightly . C1)1 assistance at theend of FY 1982 .(t14 figure in- fewer honrS. Finally, in 1982, only eight percent of the cludes expansion stationsA. The growth of X3111-quali- stations broadcast via AM and theA stotious broadcast lied Public radio stations is shown in figtire 11.1. Of the about 36 percent fewer limns than the FN1 stations, 2C stations, 228 qualified for assistanec during the fiscal primarily due to the FCC regutation prohibiting ailLtime vciir and received Community Service Grants (CSGs) of certain AM stations fn an interfering with "clear from for a kill year. These are the stationstbelnded chaneJ frequencies from sunset to sunrise. in this survey. 111e data.collected indicate that the sra-. tions broadcast over I.million hours of material during the fiscal year. avaage station broadcast 6,892 hours of material FORMATS ANI) DISTRIBUTION during the Year, or -I8 hours, S3 minutes per day. This represent% an merease of 1. percent from IA 1980. The percentge of air time ,by format by licensee cat- Figure 11.2 andTalk, 11.1 indicate the variations iii egory is given ni Table 11.2. Figure 11.3 shows that over these fir,Ntres and the munber of stations by cakigory as one half of the material broadcast (SS.3 percent) was defined na Chapter I. Among the different types of li- (kale by an annomwer with recor.dings, 17.7 percent censees the majority were university stations,while the was maga/me format and 12.9 percent consisted of-con- community licensees, on the average, broadcast the certs. g.reatst number of hours. Community licenNees broad- Among licensee types the community and university cast 7,208 hours per Year, while state licensees broadcast licensees had similar formats althogh university licen- 6,627 hours per year. sees broadcast more material in the new %cilia and mag- The stations \yid' larger budgets (thus, more money azine formats than the community licensees. State and to operate transmitters, pay staff, and meet other ex- local anthorit stations tended to have more talk/leeturc penses) did have significantly longer schedules cm av- programming, more concerts and less matenal broad- erage than those with smaller budgets.The range per cast by an announcer with recordings than did tlibuni- year is from ,627 hoursver statical forthose with budg- versity andcomiundi liccusec\. . ets under 'SI 50,000 to 7,061 hours for those with budgets Examining the differences by budget category reyeals. of 4,,c00,000 and over. uo distinct trends within the four categories. It may be In cxatitiiiitig the regions awl time zones, the fewest noted, however, that stations with the largest budgets luus per statical were broadcast in the Central region reported highest percentage of material broadcast (with the exception of the otw station in the ()taking by an announcer with recordings and stations with the region) Mountain time 'zone. The Northeastern sta- lowest budgets reported the highest percentage of-news- dints averaged 7.0 percent more than the overall 'ily- casts. by riigion, Smaller') stationtended to broadcast erage and Southern stations averaged2.0 percent more a higher percent ;IfT of ecnicertsiNortheastern stations than the overall average hours. had a higher percentle of material by an announcer

1 3

15 6

p. RAMO 1)4CiAtA)/IMING CONTENT 13Y CATEGORY FISCAL YEAR, 1982 -r,-

Figure 11.1 CPB-Qualifie(l Retch() Stations, '1970-1982 (Figure refers to the end of the fiscal year)4

300

.1 40' 256',

0. 250

41, 200

165

150

100

1 1 I 1 1 , . 1 I I I J. 1970 1972 .1974 1976 1978 1980 p1982 / ! FISCAL YEAR

)atafrom 228( recipients were inn viedforthis programming mayo.. Sou Research and PrograinplPier icese 16 4 p

PUBLIC RADIO IN 1982

Figure 11.2 Average Annual flours per Station by Station Category

LICENSEE TYPE I C 7.208

u1 , 16,850

LA I I 6,929

si,_ 1 6,627 BUOGETSIZE 6,627

2 1. 1 6,885

3 j 6,885 1 1 I 7,064

REGION'

NE 7.374t.

S 7.032 v1/4; C 6,687

6,981

TIME ZONE 1

E 7,084 4%.

C 6,687

M 6,334 'N\

P 1 .1 7,281 ` MARKET TYPE

SINGLE 6.982

6.786 MULTI I AM OR FM

AM 5.206

FM.1 I 7.087

(HOURS) I I 1 %, 4.000 5.000 6,000 7)00 8.000

LICENSEE TYPE BUDGET SIZE REGION TIME ZONE

C COMMUNITY 1 UNDER $15b,000 NE NORTHEAST E EASTERN U UNIVERSITY 2 $150.000-$299.999 S SOUTH C CENTRAL LOCAL AUTHORITY 3 $300.0001499,999 CENTRAL M MOUNTAIN S STATE V 4 $500,000 AND OVER WEST P PACIFIC OUTLYING Stn«. ILcsran Ii and hogtatiminn! Sr%n t.S 17; 5 St

PUBLIC RADIO PROGRAMMING CONTENT BY CATICORY FISCAL, YEAR 1982

Figure 11.3 during FY 1082 was distributed by National Public Public Radio Programthing !lours by Format Radio (NPR), while 56.3 percent was originated locally. 44 0 9% DOCUMENTARY 2.3% OTHER These two portions of the selicdpI will be examined 0 7% EVENTS 2 4% DRAMATIZATION separately in Chapter V. (Mier public radio sources ac- 0.5% CALL IN 3 0% NEWSCAST 4,3% LECTURE/TALK counted for an additional 7.1 percent, while syndicators 'AVERAGE ANNUA. 12.9% CONCERT were responsible for the distribution of 6.8 percent of HOURS PER !ill aired material. 'rabic' 11.3 lists the differences found STATION 6.892 among the station categories. . Among the various licensee types, community stations hacl the greatest proportion of local programming R (62.9 percent) and the smallest proportion of NPR ma- 17:7% MAGAZINE terial (19.5 percent). State and local authority statimg, iby contrast, got 'mire dial! 50 percent of their material from a source outside their- own stations. They relied more heavily on NPR for broadcast material and also 55 3.% ANNOUN9ER & RECORDINGS 'aired mOreniaterial. from other public radio sources and outside syndicators than other stations. 'vim( r 1(iao It and Programming Sur% it c, Percentages of local material broadcast ranged from 51.9percentforstationswithbudgetsbetween `;.,300,000-S499,999 to 62.4 percent for stations with %vith recordings ;Ind a lower percentage of magazine budgets mei S500,000. The reliance on NPR material format programming. (See Talk 11.2.) The most striking contrasts of percentages of air film likewise varies (21.8 percent for S500,000 and over to 27 by forinat were between AM and FM stations. The per- percent for $300,000-S499.999). . centage of newscasts on the AM statiims (8.9 percent) Regionally, stations in the:South broadcast the small wiiN more than three times that forN1 stations (2.(t est percentage of local material (511 percent). Stations in the West broadcast the highest percentage of NI'R percent). .\ \1 N141110115- thud more Of the magazine for- proglimis (2S.5 percent) and kill a high amount ist.42s;al mat (28.1 i)rc(it vs. 16.9 percent) and the lecture/talk programming (60.9 percent of air time). Thus, they re- ( Percent %N. percent) tr.aii did FN.! stations. Oil the other hand, 1A1 stations aired more ;mummers ceived less material from other pdblic radio sources and syndicators. Vith ieordings (5(1.5 percent vs. 38.3 percent) ;mil con- erts (13.4 percent %s. 5.5 percent): These patterns par- In the multi-station markets, NPR material comprised a smaller percentage of each station's schedule allel those iu the 1980 data. A0..4;1111.11.5 ilickales, nearly one quarter (24 7 per- 123.3 percent vs.' 25.4 percent) than for single-station cent.) of the material broadcast by public radio stations markets, possibly because the material could be ;n:ail- able from another solace i1I the same market.. 4N1 sta-

Figure 11.4 ,4.06 .Publi Radio Programming !lours by ContentCaiegory Fiwire 11.5

0 6% INSTRUCTION Public Radio Programming 1 loins by Distribution 3.8% SPOKEN WORD 0.5% OTHER 1 6NAOMMERCIAL PERFORMANCE 0 2% PUBLIC TV 2.8% COMBINATION 7.7% INFORMATION 6 8% SYNDICATOR 11a.3% NEWS/PUBLIC 7.1% OTHER PUBLIC AFFAIRS RADIO AVERAGE ANNUAL AVERAGE ANNUAL HOURS PER HOURS PER STATION 6.892 STATION 6.892

24 7% NPR 4`t /1. 88 5% MUSIC 56.3% LOCAL

. - 4111Itt c RCM'( II and Progilmitning Sono.. itywaryli rind Programming S(11111.1:\ 18 A

PUBLIC RADIO IN .1932

lions used more NPR material and less local material in each of the broad content categories as well as the than 'FM stations. hours per day that these pereentagesrepresent in each Table11.5examines the mode of transmission (stereo, of the station categories. < )verall, under two and a half monaural or quadraphonic) of public radio. Overall; 73 fitiurs per day (or about 12 percent) of mitterial was. nei- percent of all air time. was bniadeast in stereo (including tiler music nornews/publie affairs. Chapter IV exam- 1.2 percent stereo simulcasts) and 26.9 Percent in mon- hAes music and -news. programming in greater detail. ;anal (including 0.6 percent moiko simulcasts). Only 0.1 Music alone accounted for aiittle more than two thirds percent was.quadraphonic. AM stations do not broad- of all air time (68.5 percent) _while news /public affairs cast in stereo, but since 92 percent of the stations were accounted for another 19.3 percent. Other kinds of in- FM, all the stations havt been included in the brea- formational programming represente() 7.7 percent of all downs by category iii 'Fable 11.5. hi fast, 77.9 percent air time while spoken word. performances (poetry, of the average FM station's air tune was broadcast in drama, and other literature) were about half that stereo. Only 1.8 percent of all air time was devotAkto amount lit- 3.8 percent.Instructional material com- television siint11,asts. prised only 0.6percent of all air time. (See Figure 11.4.) Among the various station categories the commimity. Conummity licensees aired the highest percentage of licensees broadcast 81.3 percent of their material in music, and the lowest percentage of informational nia- stereo, university licensees broadcast 72.1:percNt; and tcrial and spoken word performances. State licensees local authority licensees broadcast 64.6 percent. aired the lowest percentage i)f music awl news/public highest percentage of stereo was broadcast by stations affairs'p ogramming, and the Right percentage of in- iii theNortheast (79.5 percent), followed by 77. Iper- struction, I and informational 'nog tanuning. cent in the South, 71.4 percent in the Crntral region, There did ii(tt seem to be majr r differences in the and 67.2 percent in the West. Single-station markets content of air time betWeen the s ngle- and multi-sta- also had a higher proportion of stereo broadcasting than tion markets. According to budget we stations with the nudti-station markets.. Interestingly, the amount of ma-.lowest budg6ts had thehigh 'stpercentage kl terial broadcast in stereo (lid not depend ()lithe station's news/public affairs and the lowest )creentage of music budget. Statitals with the smallest budget had a higher programming. Regionally, the stations in the Northeast percentage of air time in stereo than'those with larger liroadeaS.411igher percentage of music and a smaller budgets. percentage of news/public affairs i laterial. The greatest differences in content, however, were between AM and FM stations. The FM stations were CONTENT,REPEATS, AND SPECIAL more-music-oriented and lk-ss news-oriented than the INTEREST PROGRAMMING AM stations. Less than half (42.9 percent) of an average AM station's broadcast day eontainecrinusic, while 36. Figure11...-1 aird.,,Fahlos II.5.Athrough 'C. indicate the percent was news/public affairs programming. For the percentage of broadcast hours by content category.. For IN stations, only 18 percent of their broadcast day was. each program that they co(led, the respondents were news/public affairs, while 70.5 percent musical pro- requestedtogive the total length of the program in min- gramming. The AM stations also broadcast more in- utes. Then thev.were aske(el to distribute this total num- formational material per day -than the FM stations (2 ber of ininutp into five broad content categories- hours per day vs.1.4 hours per day). Music, News/Public Affairs, Inforniation, Spoken Word Tables II. 5.A throtigh C ideidify the -c(intent cate- Performance, and Instructional. For,each of the broad gories in greaterde*tail. The largest segment of musical categories, they were asked to pick one of several sub- programming was clas"sital (excluding opera) with 36.9 --) categories to further define the contents. See the survey percent of all air time and the second largest,. jazz. with instruinents in, Appendix C for details. 15,7 percent. Community stations played more classical The information in Tables II.5.A through thus music (43.7 percent), while university stations. played gives the percentage of programming by station cate- more jazz (16.11 percept) than ot1$1,i.r licensa types.,Sta- gory in each of the subeategi'ffies as welt as the total. tions in the Northeast ,played mo e classical music. Sta- percentage for evil of the broad categories. Except for tiOns in the West had the highest percentage (18.8 per- rout uling errors, the subcategory percentages should cent) of jazz and conremporary music and the lowest add Up to the broad category percentage. of classical music. Talilc 11.6sinnmarizcs the information presented its Of the trews /public affairs-material 2 percent of all air, Tablcs,11;5.A throughl.; with pereentiges Of air time time (or 10.5 percent of the news/public affairstotal)-- VI

7 .19 RA1)10 PROCIkAMMING CONTENT BY CATEC;ORY FISCAL YEAR l9 was strictly local or regiona4 in scope. News/public af- ethnic, minority, or special interest groups). The first fairs material that 'was not local but national Orinter question Wits 1vhcther the program was about one. of natic,nal comprised 10.4 percent of all air time or 53.V thCse groups: and the second, whether -theprogram had percent Of the news/public affairs total. The remainder any of the groups as a target audience. In addition, cer- of the news/public affairs material had elements ranging tain NPR programs (see chapter VI). were specially from local to international. (See Chapter*IV*I'able coded for computer identification. Prog' rams containing 1V.4.1 se6nents about special,groups would normally he coded Of the 7.7 percent of all air tunic that wig informa- general subjects. In order to recapture this special in- . bona! material, 2.7 Tereent consisted of culture, art, terest air time, the computer was instructed toad iaa and review's. Stations licensed to local authorities, those a fixed percentage of, dick programs' content as tar-. with the smallest Lthdgets, and those in the central re- getted for special interest groups. The percentages used gion of the country broadcast the greatest percentage W'Cre based 111)011 the actual amount of air time devoted of informational material,. to the groups oir the prOgrams during the surveyear. Spoken word performances averaged less than one All the NPR programs, however, Were e011tildered to hour per day among all stations and Were MOM' COW- have a general audience as their get. 1110111V on StatiOlIS'Ileelltied to states, among those with From Table 11.8 itcan be seen t int overall air fink'. the smallest budgets and those in the W6stern region- WM 6.2 percent ota16. I percent for one of the target of the country. groups; The gro most often mentioned was minori- Instructional broadcasting on public radio accounted ties 12:6 percent about/2.4 percent for) which specifi- for on10.6 percent of all tire material broadcast, with calls included blacks,Asian/Pacific,1 lispanicand die bulk intended for kindergarten through high school. American Indians. University stations had 2.2 percent about/2 percent By far the largest. percentage of instructional broadcasting wasdone by state 'licensees (11.9 percent). for minority programming and 0.5 percent about/0.5 Again, most of this material was for the K-12 audience percent for handicapped; Local authority stations had with vets- little of tleic remaiiiing material for college ,5.2 percent about/ 5 percent for minorities and 3.3 per- etedit or continuing education. cent about /3,3 percent for children. State stations also rabic 11.7 shows the percentage of air time had a large percentage of material, 9.4 percent about/9.4 to programs repeated horn the previous two weeks, 215 percent for chiklren. Community stations had 2.3 per- percent overall. Community and state licensees actually cent aboUt/2.,2 percent for minorities. had less repeated material than average, while local au- Among the different regions, the West had the great- thority licensees had a higher than average proportion est amount of special interest programming-7.4 per- of repeated material, 5.9 percent. As might be expected, cent about/7..2 percent for target groups with 3.5 percent stations witlt higher budg6ts did not have to repeat abut /3.2 percent /dr minorities. Except for miporities and children, the special interest categoriesrarell' had as much. c riat as did stations with tighter fiscal con- strands./ h more than one percent of broadcast material,about or. On two separate questions, the stations were asked for thew in any of the station categories. to indicate program contimt or target' audiences (e.g.,

-- . PUBLIC RADIO IN 1982 kr TABLE ILI Average Anal°LinI'er Station By Stiition Category (,:ategol. N. !lour;

Statinn, 2:P3; 6,892 LICENSEE

S t ersitv hied! Antliont% State J lit( 11)GET SIZE t nd( 51)IXXI ()

IsIC11.000-$299.999 4 6,Shi $3110,000-1,-194,994) (083 1.500,000 and (we 6(1s -,1164 Atlq ;ION . Norta,t 33 -.372 South -,113S Central (08- VeNt i6 6.981 ( 6.6- I TIME ZONE.

aNtern tiff 7,118.1 Central 83 (OS- Mountain (), 33-1 Vacitic -.281 NIAltkET TYPE. Single-Statin lyl 6.982 Multi-Sttion ().-8() .1NI I()

FM 20() . Solrcr: Itc,,crch and Progaiiinirt

MP.

21 PUBI:IC RADIO PROGRAMMING CONTENT' BY CATEGORY FISCAL YEAR 1982

11.2 Percentage of Hours'ay Voimat ay Station Category s, )Total Average Annual I lrs. Announcer Lechitel (:ategory Per Statfolu '& RecordConcert Events DramatizationNewscast Magazine Docpmentar Tal4 Call InOther

MI Stations ,,,(6,892 ) 55.3`X 12.9V 0.7% 2 . 4`X 3.0% la \77( _0.9% 4.3'X 0. 51X. 2.37, . LICENSEE TYPE - . Community fN',208) 63.8 12.7 11.3 2. I' 1.7 13.6' 0.8 3.0 0.6 . 1.4 University (6,850) 54.2 12.9 .0.A 2.3 3,1 19.I 1.0, . 4.I 0.4 - 2.2 local Authority 16,929) 48.1 13.4 0.7 3,9 .. 4.6 ' 16.6 1.8 54i 0,4 5.2 State 16,6271.... 48.4 11.2 0.7 , 3.4 .11.6 0.2 17.4 2.6 .,'1.3 0.3 BUDGET SIZE ,r . 'Under '0 50,(100 (6,627) 51.04 12,6 0.8 4.1) 11.3 15.9 0.8' 1.2 0.0 2.4 1,150j($X)-$299,999 (6,885). 55.0 13.4 0.5 2.5 2.9 17.1 1.1 4,6 0.3 2.6 .$300.0110-$499.999 (6,885) 53.8 13.6 1.0 2.5.. 2.6 18.5 0.9 0.3: 2.1 $500.(XX). and over (704) 58.1 11.4 0.5 2.0 '2.8 17.4 (1.9 3.7 1.1) 2.3

. REGION . .

. Northeast (7,372) 60.2 14.3 0.2 2.5 . 2.2 13.7 1.0 3.7 0.7 1.5 South :,,. (7,032) 56.2 15.2 0.8 2.4 1.6 16.2 1.0 4.6 10.1 . 2.0w Central (6,687) 52.9 12.8 0.9 2.4 18.4 I ,i) 4.4 0.6 1.9. 47 West (6,981). 55:1 10.0 0,6 2.3 2(())..75 0.9 4.0 0.4 3.8 . Outlying (6,6711- 61.() 2.2 2.7 2.5 14...(I) 0.1 6.7 0.0 3.9. TIME ZONE Eastern (7,084) 55.7 , 15_1 1.0 2.3 2.8 15.1 1.0 4.3 0.4 2.2 Central (6,687) 54.6 12.1 0.5 2.6 3.9 18.9 0..9 4.4 0.5 1.6

Mountain (6,334) " 51.0 11.8 0.6 - 1.8 ... 2.4 20.7 1.3 2.7 0.2 7.5 Pacific (7,281) 57.1 9.4 0.6 2.5 2.0 20.5 6.7 4.5 0.5 2.4 MARKVI. TY141: Single-Station (6.982) 54.3 14.2 0.9 . 2.5 3.1 17.8 ' 0.9 3,9 0.2 2.3

Multi-Station (6,786). 57.3 10.1 . 0.4 2.2 2.9 17.3 1.1) 5.2 -1.0 2.5 AM (5406). 38.3 5.5 1.3 2.9 8.9 28.1 .1.5 7.6 3.0 3.1 FKik (7.087) . 56.5 13.4 0.7 2.4 2.6 16.9 0.9 4.0 0.3 2.3 Source: Research and Programming Services

"3.

22 .1

10 PUBLIC RADIO IN 1982

:FABLE 11.1 Percentage of Flours By Distributor By Station Category

(Iota! Average ()ther Annt;a1 Ilrs. Public

. (.:ategors Per S(ation) NtR Local,...' :Radio (.;ontinercial Andicator Public TV k:otithination ()titer

All Stations- 16,8921 24.77. .56.37 7.1% 1.6% 6.8y, (V% 2.8(7. 0.5% LicEN-wv rap: . Commitints (7,208) 19.5 62.8 7ri 2.1 5.6 11111131- 2.2 0.4 University (6,850) 25.9 56.0 6.6 1.6 6.6 .2 2.7 0.4 1109 Local Anthorits (6,929) 26.6 48.6 10,0 0.8 t 9.4 0.0 3.6 0.9 Skate (6,62') 22.0 41.1 .8.5 4).0 11.1 11.7 3,k. 11111X:FM SIZE .. k tinder $150,000 (6,62/) 25.3 60.0 5:3 10 6.5 (0),(11 0.6 1.3 3.0 1,150,11110-4299,999 (6,885j .24.3 55.9. . 8.0 1.4 6.6 1,3000104499,999 (6,885) '27.0 51.9 7.7 1.9 8.0 0.3 2 6 0.6 1,500,000 and over (7.064) 21.8 62.4 5.5 1.4 5.1 0.3' 3.3 (1.3 REGION Northeast (7,372) 21.7 57.7 10.8 (.3 6.7 0.3 0.9 11);(5)

,, , South (7,032) 25.1 51.1 ;., 2.2 1(..261. ; 0 3.2 0.3 Central. (6,687) 25.3 56.1) 6.7 1.7 0.2 3.1 U.S 0,5 West : (6.981) 25.5 6(1.9 , 5.5 0.8 . 3.5 0.2 y 3.2 Outlying (6,6711' 4.4" 7510 4.1 0 0 (((I 5. 7 .9.8 TII>11.: ZONE ir . Eastern (7,084) 23.9 53.9 8.0 1.0 8.5 0.4 2.8 0.6a .. Central (6,687) 25.4 55.7 7.2 1.7 -.0 0.1 2.6 Mountain (6,334) 60.1 4.6 0,7 2.2 0.2 3.8 (1.9 .. 0.3 Pacific 22(4).85 6[8 5. (1.9 3.5 0.2 2.9 I.1-,281) MARKE.I. TYPE Single-Station (6,982) 25.4 55.2 6.6 1.7 .., 7.3 0.2 31 0.5 Nhilh-Station (6.786) 23.3 .58.5 8.2 1.4 5.6 (13 2.3 0.4 5.3 . 1.1 29.0 52.7 5.1,, 1 5 4 7 ' 0.7 ANI - ,(5,206) I'M (7,087i 24.4 56.5 --, f 1.6. 6 9 (1.2 2.'7 0.4

Source: Research and Programming Services

I 1 23

11 PUBLIC RADIO PROGRAMMING CONTENTBY CATEGORY FISCAL YEAR 1982

1" TABLE '11.4 Percentage 4 I lours By Mode of jiransmissiOn 13y Station Category J . , (Total A% erage

Annual 1 lrs. Tele. . Stereo. Mono (:ategori; Station) Sterio Simulcast 13roadeast Simulcast Quad s - All Sttins (6,892) 71.8`X 1.2%, mix 0.6% . 0.1% "agg6V

(;ontiminity.. (7,208) 80.6 "0.7 18.6 0.1 0.0 )niversit% (6,850) 70.8 . 1.3 27.0 0.7 0.2 i Local Authority (6;929) 63.3 1.3 35.2 0.2 0.0' State (6,627) 67.1. 27.9 0,3. 0.0 1411)(:1.1. 5111.:

nder $150,000 (6,627) 83.9 2.9 13.0 0.,1) S150,(110-$299,999 (6,885). 71.6 1.5 24.3 0.1 0.5 $3(1),(NN)-$499!)99 (6,8850 70.8 1.4 27.7 1).1 0,0 $500,000 awl over (7,064) 69,9 0.4 27.9 1.8 0.0 REGION, .Northeast (7,372) 78.q 0.6 20.3 4 0:0 0.1 . South (7,032) .74.9 2:2 21.1 1.4 0.5 . 44040. I (2,etral (6,687) 70.2 1.2 28.5 0.1 0.() West ( 66.6 0.6 32:0. (1.8 0.0 Outlying (6,671) 1(X),(1 0.0 0.0 11,0 le 0.0 T11\41.: l()N1.1 Eastern (7,084) 74.2 1.1 24.4 Central (6,687) 72.3- 1.7 24.9 NIninitain (6,33411 60.5 1.3 38.2 Pacific (7,281) 69.1, 0.6 29.3 . 0.0 TYPE (6,982) Sngle-Statio 73.3 1.5 24.6 0.5 . 0.0

Multi-Station (6,786) 68.6 0.7 29.7 0.6 . 0.4 AM 15,2(X0 7.9 0.4 80.1 2.5 0.0 IM (7,087) '76.6 1.3 21.5 . 0.44 0.1

Source: Researc'and Programming Services

it 12 PUBLIC,IkADIO IN198i,

So TAMA,: 11.5A ';.Percentage of Hours By Content Categories

1111( Percent of lotih Coil* V 68.5% Opera° Classical 36.9 lazz I5.7 Geiutemporary 3.8 U.S. Folk. :. '2.4 Sho /Film 0.6 Other Music 6.6 NEWS/1'111311C AFFAIRS 3 Imeal/Regiolial L 2.0 National/International tO.). 14cal/National/Internationat's.4- 6.9 INFORMATION CulturefArt/Reviews 2.7 .1:- listor /Biography/Science Agriculture/Weatherlports 0.9 Other Information SPOKEN WORD PERFORMANCE/ 3.8 Drama ", I.8 .1.itcAti4goetry 0.9 Mier Spilken Word Performance 1.1 , INSTRUCTIONAL, 0.7 ",- K-12 0.5 College/Adult 0.2

Source: Research and Programming Services

TABLE 11.5.8 Percentage of flours By Content Categories (Licensee Tye)

Content Community University Authority 'hate

MUSIC 76.2% 67.6`X 6167. . Opera 2.6 2.4 2.4 -..5.5 Classical 43.7 35.9 32.3 ltizz 15.0 16.8 9 9 11.4 Contemporary 4.9 3.0 7.7 1.5 U.S. Folk 2.7 2.4 1.4 2.0 Sho /Filin 0.5 0.7 0.7 '0.7 .Other Music 6.8 6.4 7.2 8.5

NEWS /PUBLIC: AFFAIRS . 15.5, 20.2 21.2 13.4 !meal/Regional 1.7 2.0 3.3 10 National/International 8.4 10.8 11.2 7.4 LoallNational/Interliational 5.4 7.4 6.7 5.0 / INFORMATION 5.1 8.2 8:8 7.5 Culture/Art/Reviews 2.3 2.7 3,2 4.0 - Ilistory/Biography/Science 0.8 1.0 1.2 .0.6 Agriculture/Weather/Spirts 0.3 1.0 1.1 1 I d. Other Information 1.7 3.5 3.1 1.8 SPOKEN WORD PERFORMANCE 3.2 3.6 NoVolorib 6.2 6.8 Drama 1.8 2.9 2.1 Literattire/Pottry 1.1 (1.8 1.2 1.6 Other Spoken Word Performance (1.8 1.0 2.1 3.1 INSTRUCTIONAL 0.0 (1.3 2.0 12.0 K-I2 (1,1) 1.9 11.5 College/Adult 0,0 4 0.1 0.5

Source: Research and Programming Services

13 25 PUBLIC RADIOTROGRAMMING CONTENT 13). CATEGORY FISCAL.YEAR . .11.. a TABU'. II.5.(: - 0. Percentage of !loins By Content Categories (Budget Sfize)

Content Under %I 5(),(XX) "150,0004299,999 $3110,1X10-$499,999 (.6500.1(X) and Over

1C1lISIC 60.3% 7u. WX 68,2% ()peril 2.0 2.4 2.6 2:3^/.. Classical 32.6 30.7 39.0 . 40.8 fit.... 12.6 .17,6 0 14.0, Contemporary 6.3 -6.1 3.1 .12.(2) U.S. Folk 2.6 2.8 2.2 2.2 Show/Film 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.7 Other hluslc 3,7 9.7 6.8 3.9 a NEWS/11.1MR.: AFFAIRS 24.5 17.8 1(1)..(1)1 Locil/Regional 6.7. 1.8 +la 1.9 National International 10.9 10.2 11.4 9;11 Local/National/International 7.9 :. 5.8 6., .. 8.2' INFORMATION 9.0 8.1 7.1 C:idtlivr/Art/Revis ..1:)i 28 2.7 2.7 I listory/Iliograph /Swirce ;'.1-5 1.3 0. 0.7 Agriculture/Weather/Sports .3..,:...,!.t.:' 0.0 0.(ir 3.1 Other Information ... 2.5.' , 17 ....1. SPOKE WOlt1) PEItHntivIANCI, 5.1 3.8 4.() 3:4 1)ra a 3.5 # 1.7 2.0 1.3

ire/Poetrt . '0,5 1.0 0.8 1.1- ()flier Spoke ors Performance 173 1.1 1.2 1.1) 1.-INSTIWC1'IONAL 0.0 0.3 0.7 0.9

K-I2 0.1) . 0.2 0.6 0.6 College/A(10 0.0 0. 0.1 0.3

Soince:cseareh and Progtanninng Services

TABLE 11.5.1) Percentage of Hours By Content Categories (Region)

Content . Northeast Smith . Central West Outlying

MUSIC 74.1`7 71.5% 65.3'7 67.8% .70.5% Opcia 3.4 2.7 2.4 1.7

Classical ')7.2 . 39. 3 36.4 29.0 39.4 Lit/ 13. r 16.9 14.1 18.8 2.3 Contenip(nar 1.4 3.9 3.9 5.2 2,7 1,v 2.9 2.3 2.0 2.7 1.8' Shcw/Filin 1.1) 0.6 0.; 0.4 Other Music 5.1 5.8 5.8 10.1) 16.6 NE11'S/M(13E1C AFFAIRS IS 2 16.2 21.4 21.4 15.8 I Awn/Regional 1.0 1.5 2.6 2.2 1.2 National/International 7.5 9.4 10.6 12.7 14.4 Local/National/International 6.7 5.3 8.2 6.5 0.2 INFORMATION 6.7 7.0 9.2 6.3 9.3 (;11144iie/Art/leviews 2:5 2.3 3.4 2 2 1.6 I listory/Iliography/Scienue 0.6 I.1 0.9. 1.0 1.1 Igneliltiirc/Weather/Sports 0.4 0.7 1.3 0.5 4.3 Other Information 3.2 2.9 2.6 ' 2.1

SPOKEN WORK PERFORMAN(:E 3.8 ,3;6 . 3.9 4.1 4.5 1)ratna I. 1.9 1.7 21) 1.4 Iaturatitro/Poetrt- 1.3 0.7 I.() 0.9 0.7 Other Spoken Word Performance 1.0 1.2 1.2 2.4

0.I 1.6 . 0.3 0.3 0.1) K:I2 0.0 1.4 0.2 0.2 (1:1) ( :ollege/Adult .0. I 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0

Smirce: Research and Programming Services

4 26 14 ("I

9 .PUBLIC R4DI() IN 1982

'FABLE 11.5.11: Percentage of Hours By Content Categories (Time Zone)

Content Eastern Central Mountain Pacific

MUSIC 70.6X, 68.6% 69.8 67.4'X .re Opera 2.9 2.5. 2.0 1.6 Classical 43.8 34.I 27.2 29.3 Jazz 14:2 I5.5 17.9 .19.1 Contempt nary 2.4 4.6 2.7 6.2 U.S. Folk 2.0 2.3 4.7 2.4 Show/Film 0.7 .0.7 0.7 0.3 Other Music 4.6 6.9 14.6 8.5 NEWS/PUBLIC /UFA' 16.6 21.2, 20.2- 21 4 I A:al/Regional 1..4 2.6 2. 2.0 National/International 8.9 10.7 11.2 1.ot-i1 /National/I nteruationa 1 6.3 ' 7.9 6.9 6.3 INFORMATION . 8.1 8.3 6.3 6.4 Culture/Art/Reviews 2.7 3.2 .1.1 4, 2,6 Ilistory/Biography/Science 0.9 1.1 1:5 '0.9 Agriculture/Weather/Sports 0.9 1.1 0.3 0.6 Other Information 3.6 2.9 r 3.4 2.3 SPOKEN WORD PERFORMANCE 3.7 3.9 3.5. 4.2 Drama 1.6 9 1.0 1, 9 0.6 1.0 1.0'1 1,iteratnre /Poetry. OtheOpoken Word Performance 1.1 1.3 1.1 0.3 0.4 INSTR CC:FIONA!, I .1 . K- t.' 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 Uollege/Adult 0. 0.2 0.3

Sonic .: Research and Programming Services.

TABLE TABLE II.5.G Percentage of Flours By Cont'e1t Categories (Market Type) 4 Percentage of Flours By Content Categories (AM or FM) Single- Multi - Content 44. Statioi Station Content AM

MUSIC 69.5;X 66.4 MUSIC 42.7% 70.5% Opera 2.5 2.4 Opera 1.1 2.6 Classical 35.2. 40.5 Classical 10.8 38.8 Jazz 16.7 13.5 Jazz ILO I 6A .Conteini)orary .4.6 2.1 Contempocary 10.4 3.3 ll.S. Folk 2.6 I.9 U.S. Folk 1.2 2.5 Show/Film 0.5 048 Shqw/Filiti. I. I,, 0.6 Other Mnsi4 '"7.4 5.2 Other Music'' 7.1 6.6 NEWS/P(1131AG AFFAIRS 18.7 20.7 NEWS/PUBLIC AFFAIRT, 36.7 18.0 1A?eal/Regirinal 2.2 1.7 1.0t" I/Regional 4.4 1.8 National/International 9.9 11.5 NatiaJ/Inteniational 18.5 9.8 Local/National/International 6.6 7.5 r.I ,oca ational/hiternational 13.8 6.4 INFORMATION 7.2 8.3 iNFORMATION 13.9 7.3 Culture/Arf/Reviews 2.5 31. Culture /Art/Reviews 3.8 2.6 I listory/Bi ogra pi y/Sc ienee I .0 0.7 Ilistory/Biography/Science 1.4 1.0 Agritillture/Weather/SportS 0.9 0,7 Agriculture/Weather /Sports 3.1 0.7 Other Information 2:8 3.8 Other Information 5.6 1 3.0 . SPOKEN WORD PERFORMANCE 3,7 4.0 SPOKEN WORD PERPQRMANCE 5.5 3R Diania 1.7 Drama 4 1.9 1.8 Litetature/Poetr y 0.8 Literature/Poetry 2.0 0.9 Other Spoken Word Performance ' "1.1 1.2 Other Spokeh Word Performance 1.6 1.1 INSIRUCTIONAI, 0.6 0.6 INSTRUCTIONAL 1,3 0.6 K-I2 0.5 (1.4 K-12 0.7 College /Adult 0. I 0.2 College/Adult 0.6 0,1

Soutce: Research and Prograniming Services Source: Research and Prosramming Semi

15 '4 27 PORLIC RADIO PROGRAMMINGCONTENT RY CATEGORY FISCAL, YEAR 1982

TAMA.: 11,6 fit

AverageFlours and Petcentages of Content Categories in Average Broadcast Da byStationCategory

I Spoken Word (Total Average Musi News/Pi iblic Affairs Information Performance Annual I Irs. Instnictional

Categor Per Stationf (4 Avg. '11r; 'X Ave I Irs 'X Avg. 1 I's V Avg. Ili's. Avg.1 irs. All Stations (6,892). t., 68.5 142.9 19.3 3,6 , 7 7 1,5 3 8 ,' 0.7 0.6 0.1 LICENSEE TYPV Coopmuutv (7,2118) 76.2 15.0 15.5 3.1 5I 1.11 . 3.1 '0.6 0 O. 0.0 1 Iniversth (6,8510 67.7 12.7 20.2 3.8 8,3 1.6 3.6 0.7 0,3 0.1 ,, Local Authont 16,929) 61.7 11.7 21.2 4.0 8.8 1.7 6.2 . 1.2 2.1 0.4 State (6,627) ()0.6 11.0 13.2 2.4 7.5 1.4 6.8 il 1.2 11.9 2.2 BUDGET SIZE hurler $150,000 16,6271 60.2 10.9 .5. 5 '4.6 9.0 1.6 5.2 40.9 0.0 0.0 $150,000, $299:999 (6.885) (9.7' 13.1 17.8 3.3 8,3 1.6 3.8. 0 '7 0.3 0.1 $3110,111104449,999 (6,885) 68.2 12.9 20.0 3.8 ' 7.1 1.3 4.0 -0.8 0.7 01 $500,000 dna men 17,0641 .68.7 1121 19.0 17 8.0 1,5 14 0.7 . 0.9 0.2 RP:C.ION Northeast (7,372) 74.1) 14.9 15.2 . 3.1 6.8 1.4 3.8 11.8 0.1 0.1 . South (7,032) 71.5 13.8 16.3 3.1 1,0 1.4 3.6 0.7 1 0.3 011401, (6,687) 65.1 11.9 21.4 1.9 .9.3 1.7. 3.9 0,7 1 0.1 West (6,9811 67.8 11.0 21.4 4.1 6 3 1 2 4.1) 0 8 0 0. Outlying (6,6711 71 5 13.1' 14.9 2.7 9 3 1.7 13 0.8 0.) 0.0 TIME ZONI.: .

Eastern (7,084) 70.6 . _13.7 16.6 3.2 8.0 1.6' 3.7 0.7 1.1 0,2 Central , (6,687) 66.4:- 12.2 21.2 3.9 8.3 1.5 3.9 0.7 0.2 0.1 Mountain (6,334) 69.7 12.1 20.2 3.5 (i.3 1.1 3.5 0.6 .1).3 0.1 Pacific (7.2811 67.5- 13.5 21.5 4.3 6.4 1.3 4 2 0.8 0.5 0.1 .. . . . MARKVI "I'VE . Smitle-Station K982) 69.5 -3.3 I8. 6 3.() 7.4 1.4 18 0.7 0.7 0. Multi-Station 16,7861 66.5 20.6 3.8 8.4 1.6 '4'.0 1P.<7 0.6 0.1 AM (S-206) 42 9 6.1 36,5. 5.2 2 0 5.5 0.8 1.3 0.2 FM it) (7,0871, 70.5 13.7 .. .18 0 3.5 ..3 1.4 3.7 0.7 0.6 0.1 Source. Research 6.11 4rProgramming Serviccs

-4*

40.

`t.

16. '

PUBLIC RADIO IN 4982

41c TABLE 1127 Percentage of [lows by Repeat From Last Two Weeks By Station Category

(.fatal Average finitial 11r%. Itt.peat horn 0, Catt.gors Per Statical) No Repeat Last 2 Vtict.ks

All Stations (6,S92) 97.5X 2.5`)4 LICVNSF,E ,Counnunut% (7,2(IR) 99') I 0 Itinversit (6,H50) 97.S 2.5 Authont% (6,929) 94.0 59 State (6,627) 9/4.7, I.3 BUDGET S1Z1': Under $150,01X) (6,627) %9 3.1 %1C11,0110-%299,999 (6,/iSS) 97.4 2.6 1)300,01)0 -1,499,999 97

1,S00,000 and- m.(.1 (;(:,14)(4)C4: 97.3 2 141.X.:ION Northeast 9$.7 1.1 South (1177.3/73221. 96.7 33 C.t.ntral .16,0(7) 97 S .2.5 West (6,9/41) 97 6 24

Outh ing (6,671) 100.0 . (10 ZONE Fastyrn (7,08-1) I 97.1 29. t:c..ntral (6,6)c 7) . 14 Nlountam (6,334) 9/4.1 Pacific 17,2$1) 97.S 2.5 MARKET TYPE Single- Station (6,9$2) 97.}4 2 2 Multi - Station (6,786) 9 31 AM (S,206) 95 4.1 (7,0r) 97 6 24

Solute Rem:m(1.1nd Progiananing Services

'11

tai 17 <

11(11311C RADIO P1 )CRAMMING CONTENT BY CATEGORY FISCAL YEAR 1982

TABLE 11.8 'Of 4* Percentage of Hours By Program Focusand Target Audience By Station Category

(Total Average General 1 landicapped Minority Ethnic Women Animal Ilrs. (:afegotA Per Station) About For About For About For About For About s("or

All St7---itios (6.892) 93.87 93.9`X . 0.4% 0 47r 2.6% 2 4% 0.5X 0.5% 0.3% 0.2% LicrNsil:TYPy.

. (..,,finniliiitht '(7,208)' 94.7 94 9 0.2 0.2 2.3 2.2 t1))(3) 0 3 (1.5 (1.4 11mt-ersity J/ M,K50) 94 7 95.0 (1.5 0.5 2.2 2.0 0.6 (1.3 0.1 I.ocal Anthoritv 16,929) ,,,,86-.9 /16.8 0 2 0.2 5.2 5.0 0.7 0 7 0.3. (1.1 State (6,627) 82.5 82.2 0.0 0.0 4.8 . .4.9 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 11111X:FT WE .4 Under $150,000 (6.627) 91.4 92.2 0.0 0 0 2 1.3 1.1 4.8 4.8 0 5 0.3 $150,000 11299,999 (6,885) 92 3 92.7 412 11.0 3.8 3.6 0 4 0.4 (1.5 . 0.3 . i 1300,000-$499,999 94.0 94.0 11.7 0.7 1.9 1.7 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.1 "; : (7) , 18:45 )) $500,000 and over 95,0 95:2 0.3 0.5 2.4 2.2 0.2 . 0.2 (1.2 0.0 REGION, .. . Nurtheast (7,i721 94,9 9S 1 OM OM 1.9 .\1.8 ' 0.6 0.5 10)..33 ( (1.1 South `i7,0321 93.6 , 93.5 0.3 0.3 2 1 2.0 41.8 tE8 0.1 Central (6,687) 94(1 94 3 0.4 (1.3 2 6 2 4 'X 0.1 i 0 3 0.3 1/.2 West \ fb,981 ) 92.6 92.8 (1.8 (1.8 3.5 3.2 0.; 0.5 0.5 (1:2 Ontb ing 16,671) 100,0 100.0 0 0 0 0 0.0 I).)) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0' '111\11.; ZONE, 95 Eastern (7,084) 95.0 0.2 0.1 1.5 1.4 0.24 0 3 (1.2 0.1 Central (6,687) .93 I) 93.'1/4 (1 4 0 4 3 2 3 0 0.7 0 4 0.2

Mountain (6,334) 89.6 90.I 0.1 0.1 4.7 4.5 0.6. l( 11 (7) 0.5 0.3 Pacific N. (7,281) 93.5 93.6 10 10 3.1 2.8 0.7 (1,7 0.5 (1.2 N1ARKIJ.TYPE av . ci, Suigle-Stdum (6,982) 91.2 93.,1 05 0 5 2.7 2.5 0..5 0.5 (1.4 0.2 tquIti-Station (6,786) 94.H 95.0 (1.2 (1.1 2 3 2.1 0.5 0 5 0.3 (1.1 AM .0... (5,21)(0 91 8 92 0 0.5 0 5 4.9 4 6 0 3 0 3 (1.4 (1.1 I'M (7,087) 94.0 94.0 0.4 0 4_ ?.4 2.2 0.5 0 5 (1.4 (1.2

Source. 1(esearcli Programming Services

18 a PUBLIC RADIO IN 1'98

TABLE 11.8 (Continued)

. . Percentan of Hours By Program locus and 'I'arget Audience By. Station Category

(total Average Elderly Children Other Animal 1 1rs. Category Per Station) About . For About For About For Ahryt For

All Stations 16,g921 0.2% 0.1'X 0.3% 0.3% (1.9% 1.0% 1.3% -... 1.3% 1.10ENSEE "tYPE (:oriiiiiiiiiik (7,20h) 0.1 0.1 11.0 0.0 /O. 0.5 1.5 1.5 lltiiversit '(6,8501 0 I 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.5 1.1 1.1

',oral Authority (6,929) 117 0,1 0.7 O. 7 3,3 3.3 , 2.5 2.4 Vate ((,627) 0 6 0.0 2.2 1.4 2.2 9.4 9.4 0.6 . ii.6° 11111X:ET SIZE Under 111511,000 (6,627), 0U. I 0.1 0.0 (y) 1.2 1.2 0.3 0.3

Ili 50,0110..$299,999 (6,titi5) 0.2 11 I 0.4 0 4 (1.K 0.S 1.4 1.4 1,300,000 11499,999 16,Kti5 i 0 2 0.1 0 3 0 3 1.2 1.4 J 1,50000 and over (7,0641 0 2 0.2 0.0 (1.1) >1 0.7 I 2 .... 42 ItECION . 4 . ill,

Northeast (7,372) 0.3 I) 3 (1:0 11.11 0 5 11 S 1 1.7 4 South (7,1)32) O.r 0.1 0.3 0 3 I. 1.6 1.2 1.2 i Central ((,M7) .. 0.2 I (1.2 0 2 0.2 11.- 0.- 1.5 1.5 0 1 0 I 0 3 9.5 o 9 0.9 11,9 0,3 ()tithing ,6711 0 0 0.0 j1.11 0 (1 0.0 0.0 OM 0.0 TIME ZONE 4.-...... ± . Eastern

Centralentral (1.2 11 2 . 11.5 0.; 1 5 1.5 Klotnitain M334) 0 2 01 0.8 0.3 12 1.2 2 3 2 3 Pacific (-,2h1) 0.1 0 I 0.4 0 -1 11.h 0 h 0.3 1)3 NI:114KM- IIPI... , SingleStation (6,9h2) 0.2 (II 0.3 0,3 I I 1.1 1.1 1.4 klii ti.Station (6,7861 (1.2 0.2 11.1 11 I () 11.-- I I 1.1 .1k (5,206) U.K 0 0 7 11.- '1k I 0 II 02 02 < FM (7,1)M-1 11.2 01 0 2 0 2 0.9 U') 1 4. 1 4

Source lieseari Ii and Programming Services

31 t 19 Chapter III, Public. Radio by Daypart

The, number of minutes of programming per hour est contributor to the 3 td 7 p.m. peak for both devoted to the broad content categoriesby -the average"news/public affairsand informational-programming was public radio station in FY 1982 is broken down on an All Things Considered. In Table 11I.2, the percentage hour -by -hour basis in Table 111.1. Figure 111.1 displays of hours by several selected programs is presented in this information graphically. The total number of min- various dayparts..(NPR programming'willbe discussed utes is less than 60 per hour, because not all 228 public in more.detail in Chapter-VI.) All Things Considered radio stations welt on the.air for 24 hunrs every day ofcomprised 33.0 percent of the material broadcast by an the year. The figures presebted are the average minutes average public.radio station on weekdays between 3 and per public radio station. Thus, in the periodbetween 3 7 p.m. Morning Edition represented Jan even higher and 6 a.M., there was an average of less than 10 inimites proportion (37.8 percent) of the weekday broadcasts be- ofli per hour. Phil signifies, that less _titan one tween 6 and 10 sixth of the stations were on the Air diiAug those hours. The noontime bulges in nevvs/public affairs and in- There were three peaks of news/public affairs con- formational material are not attributable to anroartie- tent. First, at 6 to. 9 a.m. (reflejting"Morning Edition), ular NPR programs but seem to represent a typical pro- another just around noon, and the third, about 4 to 7 gramming philosophy inpublicradio.- They were p.m. (reflecting All Things.Considered). The percent-(wident in the FY 1980 survey as well. One difference age of I imsie aired-grew thmughout -thebroadcast day inthis year's resultsisthe greater contribution of with the exception of two dipsa brief one at noontime news/public affairs in the morning hours. This is at- and another between 4 and 7 p.m. Music dominated-. tributable to "the expansionof NPR's Morning Edition programming after 7 p.m. and comprised nearly 85 per- service. This Vrvice feeds news and public affairs ma- e'it of what little was broadcast between midnight and terialto thestations but allows them to insert their own 6 a. m, local material as Aired. informational programming stayed 'ata relatively In filling out the survey forms (see Appendix C) sonic constant nine percent of all material in the morning'stations' made a distinction between the material they hours. before J ILi.nl. Its percentage rose brieflNit noon.interwove in the Morning Edition feed, coding it as before falling to a lower level (about six percent) be- being "locally" distributed, with that which.N9s distrib- tween 2 and 4 p.iii. Between 5 and 8 p.m. informational uted by NPR. Other stations might simply code the en- material represented about seven minutes per 'hour in tire block of pnigramining As having a "combination all average station's schedule and declinedafter that. distribution. For these latter stations, it is not possible Spoken word performances were generally less than to determine precisely the percentages of ire Morning four minutes of each hour of programming except for Edition hours which originated at NPR. For the pur- a brief period in the early evening. In the two hours pose of Table 111.2, these "combination" hours 'have between 6 and. 8 p.m. spoken word performances corn- been included in the Morning Edition figures. The fig- prised more than 10 percent (Wall air time. Instructional ures exclude those which weredefinitcly"local" in or- material, which never represented much more than two igin. Thus the results indicate' that on weekdays, 37.5 percent of all material, was at its highest percentage percent, or more than one third, of all material broad- between the school hours of 9 air]. and 2sp.m. cast between 6 and 10 a.m. was part of this broadly The percentage of news/public affairs and informa- defined Morning Edition service,. tion material peaked in the late afternoon. The strong- The only other NPR program to have a significant -

21 .PUBLIC RADIO PROGRAMMING CONTENTBY CATEGORY FISCAL YEAR 1982

Figure 111.1 Average Minutes per Station by Content Categorie.s by Hour, of Day

MUSIC

D. 30 2

N WS/PUBLIC

INFORMATION

SPOKEN WORD PERFORMANCE ' _L._ 1.

6 AM NOON 6 PM MIDNIGHT 5 AM

Solute: Ic.searchltul Programming Services 3 3 22 PUBLIC RADIO BY DAYPART

DlipaCtODtile averagestation'sschedule wasJazzAlive!, programming was nearly absent on weekends, generally which comprised 7.3 percent of the material broadcast being restricted to weekdays bytween 9 A.m. and 3 p. in. between 7 p.iii. and midnight on weekends. In Table 111.4 (A through F), the variation by daypart Table 111.3 shows in greater detail thy; makeup of the in formats, focus, target audience, distributor, mode of vafous dayparts in terms of the content categories. Be-Be- transmission, and repeat.isshown. Thus, concerts wire 'a1/sedaypartsa differentlength~,the average hours:-,Broadcast more often on weekends and between 7 p.m. for each have not been presented. ..., and midnight on weekdays than at other times. Pro- Music programming comprised 80.3 percent of all grammingaboutandforminorities was more frequent weekend air time, hilt 63.8 percent of weekday.air time. on weekends than weekdays, but locallydistributedpro- The situation was reversed fornews/public affairs programming was less frequent on the .weekent1(52.9 per- grams with niore than twice as great a percentage broad- cent vs. 57.6 percent. for weekdays). Thc,greatest pro- cast on weekdays as on the weekend. Informational proportion of locally distributed programming, however, . gramming wily also more common during the week (8.3 was broadcast in the very late Bight period (over 80 per- percent vs. 6.2 percent on the weekend), while spoken cent on both weekdays and Weekends at that time), fol- word performances were -3.6 percent weekdays and .5 lowed by weekdays around noon and on weekend morn-

,1' percent on the weekends. Drama., however, was more ings. ) prevalent on the ,weekends. Naturally, instructional

TABLE 111.1 Average Minutes Per Station and Percentage of Hours By Content'ategory By Hour of Day

Spoken Ward

Music . News/Public Affairs Information Perforinance Instructional Total

110in -Beginning Mins., 7, Mils. MillS. 'X e4 Mills. fX MinS.

Gain 23.0 39.1 27.1 46.4 8.1 13.0 0.8 1,3 0. 0.2 59,9 loom 7 a in. 28.1 48.3 25.() 42.9 4.6 7.8 0,6 0.9 0.1 0.1 58.5 I(X).() 8 a in. 33.0 61 7 15.2 28.5 3.6 6.6 1.4 2.7 0.5 ( 53.5 I(X).() 9 a.m. 42.0 71.6 8M 13_6 5.7 1.9 3.2 1.1 1.9 I(X).() 10 a in. 45.2 76.6 5.4 9.2 5.I 8.7 2.0 3.4 1.2 2.1 my() 11 a in. 42.3 77.1 Si) 9.1 -4.5 8.2 2.1 3.8 1.0 1.7 54.9 I(X).() Noon 33.6 56 2 15.3 25.5 7.7 12.8 2.7 4.5 0.6 1.0 5( i(x).0 1 1).111. 44.2 74.2 6.3 10.4 6.6 10.8 1.9 3.1 0.9 1.4 59.9 Imo 2pnl 51.2 85.9 3.3 5.5 3.0 5.0 1.1 1.8 1.0 1.7 59.6 i(x).() 3 on 48.5 85.4 3.6 6.4 2.8 4.9 1.5 2.7 0.4 0.7 -56 8 I(X).()

4 p.m 32.2 56.4 17.4 , 5,0 8.8 2.4 4,2 0. 0.1 57 1 I(X).() 5 p.m 12.4 20.9 37.1 -62.7 7.9 134 1.7 2.9 0.1 0. 59.2 i(x).(I 6 p.m. 22.5 40t 20.8 37.3 5.4 9.6 7.1 12.7 0.1 55:9 i(x).1) 7 p in. 39.7 69.2 6,3 11.0 4.7 8.2 6.4 11.2 10.2 0.4 57.3 10(1.0 8 p. n., 48.4 -83.9 3.9 6.8 3,4 6.0 1.9 3,3 0.0 0.0 57.6 100,0 9 1).111. 48.2 85.8 2.6 4.7 5.1 2.3 4.1 ()I 0.2 .,53. 8 100,0 10 p in. 46.8 84.3 2.9 5.3 2.5 4.5 3.2 5.8 0. 0.2 55.5 100.0 I I p.m. 48:3 92.2 1.7 3.3 1.2 2.2 1.1 2.1 0,1 0. I 52.4 100.0 13.5 N.Ifilinglit 10,9 92 3 1..1 3.2 1.0 2.9 0.5 1.5 (1.0 0.0 100.0 I a in 17.6 96.1 0.3 0.1 0.7 0.3 , 1.4 0.0 0.0 18.3 100.0 2 a.m. I37 67.2 5.0 2 1.4 6.8 0,3 1.5 1 11 0.0 20.4 100.0

3Ain. 9.2 92.2 0.5 5.0 0.2 2.1 0. 0,7 O.1 RR' 10.0 100,0 4 &In 8,5 89.9, 0.8 9:2 0.1 0.6 0. 1.3 0. 0.0 9.5 100.0 0.1 7,0 S 4.8 684, 1.9 27.1 0.2 0.1 1,2 0.0 100.0

Source: Research and Programming Services

4. 23 3 PUBLIC%NIA)PR ,,,CRAMMING CONTENT BY CATEGORY FISCAL YEAR 19812

TABLE 111.2 Percentage of thmrs By Title By Weekpart 4 .. All T hings Morning .. Prairie flume Weckpart Considered Edition° I8/./. Alive! NPR Playhouse Companion (Him' ......

All Vileekdays 7.4% 8.2% 0.6% . ' 0.2% 0.0% 82.8^A All Weekend' 4.2 -3. 0.3 2.7 0.1 2. I 9(17

Percentage of flours By Title By Daypart

All TInngs Morning A.- Prairie Ilonie 7 I)avpart Onisider(1 hlition° JazzAlive! NPR Playhouse mipanicnI Other

Weekday 6 am-1 am 0.2% 37./i% 11.%. 0.0% .0.1% 62.0% 1 8111-3 pm 0. 0.7 0.1 0.0 0. 99. 3 pm- 7 pm 33.9 (1.4 0.2 0.3 0.1) 66. 7 inn-Mid 23 0.0 1.7 0.5 0. 95.5 . N11(1.- 68111 1.6 /i.9 .9 0.1" 0.0 87.5 A'kciul 6 aiii_ro ant 0. 1.3 t).1 0. 0. 98.4 It) am--3 on (1.4 1.2 1.0 0. 98.3 3 inn- 7 pm 17.7. .0 1.8 0 4.5 76. 7 1.0 0.0 7.3 0.2 4.3 87.2 Mid.- 6 am 0.0 (l,7 2.9 0.2 - 0.2 95 I

Includes Nlorning Edition hourslvhich may not have originated from NPR. Source: Reward) and Pipgramming Services

TABLE 111.3 , Percentage of flours, By Daypart and Weekpart By Content Categories

Weekday Weekday Weekday Weekday Weekday

Content 6-1 a.m. 1 a.m. -3 p.m. 3,7 p.m. 7 p.m. -Mid. . Mid.-6 a.m. .

71.2% 43. 8% 81.7% 83.1% Opera 0 .4 0.5 0.4 2.4 0.3 Classical 33.2 N.9 27.4 44.5 26.0 4.3 11.0 7.7 25.0 ' 35.4i. Conti:tinny-ay 2.2 4.0 2.3 3.9 10.1 VS. Folk 0.9 1.2 1.2 .0.7 0.6 Show/Film (1.2 1.1 . 0.7 0.3 0.6 Other Music I 3.2 4 4.5 4.1 5. 10.0 NEWS/PUBLIC AFFAIRS 410 14.0 40.3 7.2 12.3 Imeal/Regional 3.2 2.7 3,4 1.5 0.6 National/International 13.6 4.8 33. 3.7 7.5 Local/National/International 26.3 6.6, 3.9 2.1 4.3 INFORMATION 10.5 9.6 10.1 5 5 3.5 Culture /Art /Reviews 4.4 ..2.7 3.9 1.5 L 1.4 History/Biography/Science 0.9 1.3 1.3 0.9 0.4 Agriculture/Weather /Sports 1.5 1.2 0.6 0.7 0.5 Other Information 3.4 4. 4.2 2.4 1.3 SPOKEN WORD PERFORMANCE 1.4' 2.9 S.5 5.4 1.0 Drama' 0. 0.7 2.9 3.3 0.3

Literature/Poetry 0,9 . 1.4 1.5 1.2 0.3 Other Spoken Word Performance 11.*5-"' 0. fie 1.2 1.0 0,4 INSTRlICTIONAL 0.9 2.2 0.3 0,2 .0.0 K12' 0.6 1.9 0.2 0,0 0.0 College/Adult 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.0

Source: Research and Programming Services

24 ,3 :PUBLIC RADIO BYDAYPARIf

TABLE 111.3 (Continued) Perc itage of Flours By Daypart and Weekpart By Content Cateitnis e Weekend Weekend Weekend Weekend Weekend All All Content 6-10 a.m. 10 a m.-3 p.m. 3 p.m.-7 a.m. 7 p.m.-Mid. Mid./6 a:in. Weekdays Weekend

MUSIC . 80.67 66.7% ,85.97 92.87 63.87 80.37 Opera 11 11.9 12.5. 2.4 (1.0 0.9 6.4 Classical 51.1) 40.1 22.8 27.5 16.0 38.2 33.5 Jazz 11.6 10..7 8.5 30.4 48.4 14.2 18.6 Cinitiliiporary 2.5 2.6 3.2 3.8 13.2 ' 3.8 3.9 II S. Folk 2.') 2.9 9.1 10.1) 1.5 1.0 5.8 Show/Filin ..4 0.7 1.2 (1.8 0.1 0.6 0.7 Other !Arnie 12.8 11.4'. 9.4 II 0 13.7 4.8 11.4 NEWS/P(1111.k: AFIA1RS 8.0 7.() 20.4 3.9 3.5 23.5 8.9 I.00:11/Regional 0.8 1.4 1.3 0.9 r 0.1 2.4 1.0 2.6 3.2 17.9 1.9 .2.7 12.1 5.7 4.4 2.4 1.2 1.2' 0.8 8.8 2.1 INFORMATION 6.7 8.1 7.0 4.7 1.6 8.3 6.2 Culture/Art/Reviews 2.2 3.7 2.2 2.2 0.4 2.9 2.3 Ilistory/Iliography/Scwiice 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.3 1.1 0.9 Agrioulture/Weather/Sports 0.4. 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.0 1.0 0.7 Otherhiforntahon 1 2.7 3.2 3.2 0.9 3.3 .2.5 SPOKEN WORI) PERFORMANCE 3.4 4.3 5.7 5.3 4..2.0 3.6 4.5 Drama 0 1.4 3,7 3,7 1.3 1.6 2.2 Literature/Poetry 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.2 1.2 0.4 Other Spoken Word Perfiirmancr.- 2.1 2.6 1.7 1.7 0.6 .8 2.0 IIsI,STRt /CTIONAJ. 0.4 0. 0.1 0.0 0.8 0,1 K-12 0. 0 0 0.0 0.0, . 0.0 0.0 College/Adult 0.3 0. 0.1 0. I 0.0 0.2 0.1

" Source: Research and Programming Services

'FABLE 111.4.A Percentage of Flours By Format By Weekpart

Announcer

Weekpart 4 Records Concert Events Dramatization Newscast Magazine Docimmitar Lecture/Falk Call hi Other

. . All Weekdays 55.67 8.8% 0.77 2.4% 3.7% 21.17 0.9% 4.57 0.5% 1.9% All Weekend 54.5 23.0 0.8 2.5 .1.3 9.2 1.1 0.3 3.5 . . ,

Percentage of Flours By Format By Daypart as* 0 Announcer I)aypart + Records Concert Events Dramatization Newscast Magazine Documentary Lecture/Talk Call lti Other'

Weekday 6=-1 ant 45.17; 1.0% 0.27 0.37 3.9% 45.6% 0.2% 2.3% 0.27' 1.2%0 .10 am-3 pm 58.6 6.7 1.1 17 5.0 d,.+.6.7 1.5 8.8 1.0 2.5 3-7 put 40,1 3.4 0.5 4.2 5.2 39.4 '1.2 3.9 0.4 1.8 i 7 pm-Mid. 58.5 23.6 1.0 4.1 1.9 3.9 0.7 3.7 0.5 2.2 Mul.-6 am 79.6 4.7 0.1 0.5 1.3 12.2 0.2 0.6 0.0 0,8 Weekend. . 6-10 ant 75:1 7.3 0.2 1.3 1.7 6.9 0.7 3.4 0.5 3, 10 am-3 pm 48.1 25.8 1.2 1.6 1.6 8.3 1.7 6.0 0.4 5.3 3-7 pin 34.4 28.7 1.3 3.4 1,2 22.1 1.0 4.5 0.1 3.3 7 pm-Mal. 50.0 33.8 0.7 3.11i,, 1,0 3.5 1.4 2.1 (f.5 3.3 Mid.-6 ant 87.4 6.2 0.1 1,6. ' (1.8 2.3 0,0 1.0 0.0 0.5

Sour& Research and Prograniming Services.

25 36 4

PUBLIC RAI)I() PROGRAMMING CONTENT BY CATEGORY FISCAL. YEAR 1982

w TABLE 111.4.11, Pefcentoge of Hours By Focus of Program By Weekpart . ekpart General 11ainlicapped Minority Ethnic Women Elderly 'Peens Other

.95.1% , I Weekdays 0 3% 1.7 .11.27 0.1% 0.2% . 0.17 1.17 0.9% MI Weekend 90.8 0.6 4.0 1.2 0.2 0.1 (1.6 2.2

Percentage of Hours By Focus of Program By Daypart

Daypart General Handicapped Minority Ethnic Women Elderly .1eens Children Other

Wee kda 6 -1(1 am 96,67. 0.37 1.2% 0.5% 0.07 0.1% 0,27 0.57. 0.6% 10 ani- 3 pin 93.3 0.3 1.9 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.6 TT to 3-7 pui 95.6 0.3 1.0 . 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.3 1.7 0.9 7 pnil-Mid. 94.7 0.2 2.5. 0.4 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.5 1.2. Mid. -6 am 97.4 0.4 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 Weekend 6 am-10-am 88.6 1.1 4.2 1:1 0.0 0.3 0.2 1.6 2.9 10 am-3pin 90.4 0.5 3.3 1.7 0.5 I 0.2 0.0 0.6 2.8 3-7 pin 90.6 0.5 4.4 1.3 0.5 0.0 . 0.0 U.S 2.3 7pin -Mi(I. 91.6 0.5 5.2 1:0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 1. .95.3 t(1.-6 'am 0.4 I.8 (1.5 0.0 0.2 0.8 . OM (1.8

Sonrec: Reseprch and Programming Services .

TABLE Percentage of Mum By Target Audience By Weekpart

Weekpart General 1 landieapped Minority Ethnic Women Elderh Teens Children . Other

All Weekdays 95.1% 0.3% 1.7% 0.2% 0.1% 0.27 0.37 rx 0.97 All Weekend 90.8 0.6 4.0 1.2 , (1.2 0.1 0.1 0.6 2.2

Percentage of Hors By Target Audience By I)aypart

1)aypart General Handicapped Mituerit Ethnic Women Elderly Teens Children Other

Weekday . 6_10 am 96.5% .0.VA 1;37 0.5% 0.0% 0.1'X 0174 .0.57 0.6^A 10Ani- 3 pm . 93.3 0,3_ 1.9 (1.2 (1.2 0.4 0.6 2.1 LO 1-7 pm 95.6 0.3 1.0 0.0 0.) 0.) 0.3 1 7 0.9 7inn-Mid. 94.7 (1.2 2.5 0.4 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.5 1.2

Mid.-6 am 97.4 . 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 (1.0 0.7 Weekend 45 6-1(1 am .88 6 I.) 4.2 1.1 0.0 0.3 0.2 1.6 2.8 ID am- 3 pin 90.4 01 3.3 "1.7 0.5 0 2 0.0 06 2.7 lit, 3-7 put 90.6 0.5 4.4 1.3 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.5 2.3°N, 7 pin-Mid. 91.6 0.5 5.2 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.6 #adIF Mid. -6 am 95.3 0.4 1.8 0:5 0.0 0,2 0,8 WO 6,

Source: Research and Programming Services 37 26 PUBLIC RADIO BY DAYPART

J041,BLE61.4.1) Percentage of Hours By Distributor By Weekpart

Other Public . Weekpart NPR 1 a tyl Rinlio'Sta. Commercial Syndicator Public TV Sta. Combination Other

All. Weekday's' 25.4% 57.A . 5.1% 1.4% 6.3% 0.2% 3.5% 0.4 ,. All Weekend 23.0 52.9 1110 2.0 7.9 0.3 1.3 0.7

Percentage of Flours ByDistributor By Daypart

( )thcr Public Daypart IVPR IDcal Radio Sta. Commercial Syndicator - Phi& TV Sta. Combination Other

Weekda fig 6-1(1 am 38.9% , 45.77., 3.7% 0.8%. .2.4% 0.2% 8.0% 0.3% 10 am-3 pm 11.4 70.7, 6.1 1.0 6.3 0.1 0.6 . . 3-.7 pm 42.9 45.5 4,4 0.6 4.0 0.3 1.8 0.5

7 pm-Mid. 18.1 56.7 . .7.2 3.3 12.5 '0.5 1.4 . 0.3 Mid.-6 am ... 15.6 .,77..4 1.5 0.7 3.5 0.0 1.2 0.1 Weekend

.i. 6-10 am 9,4 '' 69.2 11.2 5.7 0.0 3.0 0.8 10 am- 3 pm 26.1 45.4. 11.6 3.5 1 1. 1 0.2 1.2 (1.8

3-7 on . 3H.1 35.7. 14.2 3.0 7.2 0.3. (1.8 0.8 7inti-Mid. 22.9 .50.8 14.5 1.1 8.8 0.7 (1.8 0.5 Mid..-6 am 9.2 85..0 2.8 (1.4 2.0 4.0 (1.4 0.24

Source: Research and Programming Service.

TABLE Percentage ofHours By Mode of Transmission By Weekpart.

Stereo Mono Weckpart Stereo Simulcast Mono SinmIcast Quad

All Weekdays' 68.4'X I.3 2).6% 0.5% All Weekend 8(1.3 1.0 17.6 0.7

Percentageof Flours By Mode qf Transmission By Daypart

Stereo , Mono PasPart Stereo Simulcast Mono Siondeast Quad

Weekday

1)-10 am 51.4% 0.5'X 47.ti% 0,, . 0.2% 01.1`X

10 aAt -3 pm 77.1 1.2 21.1 .. 0.5 (1.1 3- 7 pin Mi.- 0.9 4/.8 (1.5 0.1. pm-Mid. /84.0 21 13.1 0.5 0.2

. . 11,11(1.-6 ant :80.1 2.4 16.5 0.9 0.0 Weekend . 6.11) am 82 3 (1.6 16,4 0.7 0.0 10 ant-3 pm 8(1.3 1.3 17.6 (1.8 OM 3.- 7 on 68.4 08 30.3 '0.5 0.0

7 pin-Mid. WO. 1.0 11.8 0.8 0.4 t

Mid. -6 am 87.5 . 1.3 10.0 , 1.0 0.1

_1 Sourer Research ii)(l Programming Services

4 27. . 38. PUBLIC RADIO PROGRAMMING CONTENT BY CATEGORY FISCAL YEAR 1982

TABLE 111,41 . Peicentage of flours By Repeat From Previous Two Weeks By Weekpart

Re '10111 Vv'eeki)iirt No Repeat Prevail' Weeks

MI Weekdays 97.5% 2.1F

All Weekeial . 97.4 2.6

'Percentage of Hours By Repeat Hoot Previous Two Weeks By Daypart

Repeatrum

I)aypart. No Repeat Previous ) Weeks Weela,41 ()HI) am 98.2% 1.8% It) ani-3 pm '97.5 2.5 3-7 pm 97.4 2.6 4. pni-Nlid. 12 Mid. -6 ani 98.0 2.0 Weekeild 6-I0 situ 97.4 2.6. If) ain-3 pm 2.9 3-7 pin 97.2 7 piii-Nlid. 97. I 2.9 Nlid -6 ain 100.0 . 0.0

Source: Research and Programming Services

.14

28 Chapter IV Music and News/Public Affairs. Programming

Chapter II demonstrated that, in FY 1982, 87.8 per- IV.4, NPR distribt ted 63.5 percent of all news/public. cent of all programming hours consisted of ntusic affairshours com 'ire('to11.2 percent of music news/public affairst.4Since these two categoric account programming. Thenpactof'' Morning Editionis for a great deal of air time, they will be discussed in distributedbetween PRandthecombination further detail. . category, which made up 5.8 percent of the news/pub- Music_ accounted for 68.5 percent of all air time,.of lic affairs hours. Together, the NPR and combination au average of 12:9 hours per day per-station in FY 1982. hours of Morning Edition made tip 27.3 percent Table IV.1 gives a breakdown of the distinct types of of all news/ptiblic affairs hours. In comparison to music broadcast. The majority. (53.6 percent) was clas- 1980, NPR has. supplied an increasing percentage of sical music excluding opera, which represented 3.6per- news/public affairs (63.5 percent vs. 54.5 percent) and cent of all music hours. The second most aired jazz, a slightly yedticedivercentage of music (11 percent vs. comprising -over one fifth (22.8 percent) of the .music 13 percent). Twenty-four point one percent of news/ broadcast on public radio stations.Contempotary public affairs hours originated locally compared to music contributed (5.6 percent), while folVand other 69.2 percent of music programming..The only Other types added tip to 14 percent. In Chapter,III it noted major contribution to either music or news broad- that jazz was most common in the evening (after 7 p.m.) casting was made by other public radio sources and and in late night (after midnight) programming. outside syndicators which distributed7.7 percent Certain NPR programs were musicalbutthese did and 7.8 peicent hoii-s of music, respectively, in IN not really account for a significant percentage of all 1982. music programming. (See Table IV.1.) The majority of news/public affairs hours (67 percent) In comparing the transmission mode of music pro: was 'in magazine forniat (see Table IV.6 and Figure grains versus all programs, it was found that the per- IV.2), while traditional newscasts accounted .for.,,14, centage of stereo broadcasting among music programs percent and the talk/lecturc format comprised an ad was higher. Table IV.3 shows that 9.1.1 percent of all ditional 7.6 percent. By contrast, over three-quarters of music hours were bro-adcast in stereo compared. to 73 the music hours (76.3 percent) wereannouncers with percent of all programming. recordings (Table.IV,.6 and Figure IV..1, while most of Strictly local or regional newscasts accounted for 10.5 the remaining music' material (18.8 percent) Consisted percent of. allnews/public affairs hours, while na- of concerts. While the musical format percentages were tional/international newscasts. accounted for 53.9 per- within a few points of those in 1980, the news/public. cent. (See Table IV.4.) For this survey, All Things Con- affairs data for 1982 indicate an increased reliance on sidered was coded as national/international news. This, magazine format (-E)7, percent vs. 55.4 percent) and a of course, has a significant impact on the figures above decreased use of standard newscasts (14.5 percent vs. since All Things Considered accounted for more than 18.7. percent) and talk/lecture format (7.6 percent vs, 11 , one quarter- (29.2 percent) of all news/public affairs percent). Hours. Table IV.8 shows the percentage of music and Tables IV.6 throng! news /public affairs hours by use ofrepelits. Therewere id Figures IV.1 through ., IV.4 compare music an( s/public affairs program- virtually no repeat hours for either) category. In the ming. News/public affairs progPamming will be consid- music category, 98.4 percent of ho6rs had no repeats ered first. and the news/public affairs category had 9(0 percent As illustrated in Table IV.7 and Figures IV,3 and no repeat hours.

-29 40 PUBLICKAD10PROGRAMMING CONTENT BYCATEGORY FISCAL YEAR 1982.

Figure IV.1 /Figure IV.4 Percentage of Music Hours by Format Percentagetf News/Public Affairs Hours by Distributor

AVgRAGE ANNUAL (MUSIC) 2.4% MAGAZINE 0.5% OTHER 0.6% COMMERCIAL HOURS PER STATION: 4,721 2,5% OTHER 0.3% PUBLIC TV 1:8% SYNDICATOR 18.8% CONCERT 3.5% OTHER PUBLIC AVERAGE ANNUAL it RADIO ."(NEWS) HOURS \\...5.8% COMBINATION PER STATION: 1,330

H.- 24.1% LOCAL 63.5% NPR 76.3% ANNOUNCER &

. . RECORDING

. "Source: Researckand Programming{ Servias Source: Research alui ProgrammingServices

TABLE IV.I ,

Percentage ofAllMusic Hours By Musical Category Figure IV.2 4. :Awciake Apimal Percentage of 11rs.-Per Station Music flours Percentage of Ness /Public Affairs Hours by Format Opera 170 . 3.6'4 . 0 -9% CALI.. IN 0.9% OTHER 104. 53.6 1.3% EVENTS Classical 2,532 1.7% DOCUMENTARY (az/. 1.078 22.8 AVERAGE ANNUAL 6.1% ANNOUNCER & Contemporary 2M 5.6 (NEWS) HOURS RECORDING U.S. Folk 1. 163. 3.4 PO STATION: 7.6% TALK/LECTURE nteriiMional Folk 64 ." 1.4 1.33d 14.5% NEWSCAST Show or Film Music 43 0,9 Religious ..28 0.6 Other Music 387 8.2

Source: Rcsegtrch and Programining Services , . 67.0% MAGAZINE / Source: Research and Progranuming-Services TABLE Percentage of Music HoursByS leeted Programs

si Title Percentage _1

Jazz Alive? . 1.8`X 11. Morning Edition 1.4 Prairie Milne Companion 0.9 -r Cisme Source: Research And Programming Services Percentage of.Mosic.,11outs by Distributor

0.3% OTHER , 1.8%OMBINATION TABLE '0.2% PUBLIC TV '2.0% COMMERCIAL 7.7% SYNDICATOR Percentage of Music Hours By Mode of Transmission

AVERAGE ANN*. 7.8% OTHER PUBLIC Percentage Percentage RADIO (MUSIC) HQUFfS" Mode of rimsmission . Music Ip Total PER STATION. 4.721 Stereo. 89.6'X 71.8'4 Stereo Simulcast 1.5 1.2. Mono 83 26.3 11.2°/0 NPR Mono Si,ulcast 0,5 0.6

Quadraphonic . 0,2 0.1 k 69.2% LOCAL O

3.(Note: 2.0.perecut of titu4ft hro r,itnmiugtime consisted of siimil-

, casts,1 4 Suince:kescarell and Prngran ning Services Source: Research aildfi't(igroprinlirqSqrvices

1` 30 C. * , MUSIC AND NEWS/PUBLIC AFFAIRS PROGRAMMING

TABLE IV.4 TABLE IV.5 Percentage of News /Public Affairs Hours By 'Program Type Percentage of News/Public Affairs Hours By Certain NPR Programs Wrcentage 1 .4 Program 'Emit. I lours, ,Percentage Title I lours I AK'AIIRCOltlidNews Nlional/Internatioiral News 53.9 All :Filings Considered 29,27, 1.ocal/National/International News 35.6 Morning Edition' 27.3 a All Others 43.4 Source: Research and Programming Services 4 ' Includes Morning Edition hours' which may not havO originated

' from NPR.. Source: Research and Programming Services.

TABLE IV.6 It Percentage of *sic and News/Public Affairs Hours By Format

News/rtiblre Ars .49 'Format Music Hours Affairs Ilours Total I buns

Announceitith Recording 76.3% 6.1% 55,3% 0 cinicert ) 18.8 - 12.9 Events \., II 1.3 0.7 V Dramatizatuni - .',1. 0.1 2.4 3.0 V Newscast . - 14.5 Magazine 2.4 67.0r 17.7 I)ocun 0.2 1.7 11 0.9 Talk/Lecture 0.5 7.6 4.3 Call-In 0.01 0.9 6 (1.5 , Other. 1.8 0.8 23

Source: Research and Programming Services

TABLE IV.7 0 Percentage of Music and News/Public Affairs flours By Distributor

News/Public Distributor Music" !lours Affairs I lours Total Hours

:1).22% 63.5% 24.7% NPR . Local 24.1 56.3 Other Valle Radio 7.8 7.1 Commercial 2.0 (3)..(5) 1.6 Syndicator 7 7 1.8 6.8 Public TV (1.2 (1.3 0.2 'Combination 1.6 5.8 2.8 Other 0.3 0.5 0.5

Source. Reseal-eh and Programming Services

TABLE IV.8 Percentage of Mthic and News/Public Affairs Hours By Repeat

News/Public

Reiwat Music Horns . Affairs Ilours Total I baits

No Repeat 98.47 96.67 97.57 Repeat From Previous 'Iwo Weeks 1.6 3 2.5

Sotitee: Research and Programming Services

42 11

dhapterV Informational, Spoken Word, Instructional, ...... m.=wwwwim,and Special Interest Programming . Iii IN 1982, informational programming comprised Figure V.1 and Table V. 5 show the breakdown of

7.7 percent of all air time for an average of 1.5 hours special interest programming in terms of the focus or . per station per day. 'Table V. Igives the breakdown of target groups. More than one third (39 percent) of the this programming into tile various subcategories. More special interest programming broadcast time focused qn than one third (35 percent) of. this type of material fell one of the following CPR-defined minorities:'blacks, into the culture/art/review3category with considerably I bkspanics, Asian/Pacific Islanders, or American, ndi- ,12.:'. smaller portions distributed among othor topics. ans. More than one third (36.4 percent) of all special : Two Nil( Programs contributed significantly to the interest programming had one of these minorities as All., tiital of informational material (20.8 percent) aired on target audience..- The other category with a large per- pudic radio stations in FY 1982. (Sec Table V.3.) All eentage of target programming was children. Among Thirigs Coriyidered accounted for 9.7 percent and Morn- other groups about/fur .whom special interest program-. ing Edition, including the portions c( &(l. by stations firing was intended were women, other ethnic and re- as originating in combination (i.e.,-from both NPR and ligious groups, and the unemployed., local sources), Qiniprised 11.1 percent. Table4 V,0 through V.8 break down the different Spoken word performances contributed under 45 types of programming by format, distribution, and re- minutes to the average station's broadcast day and pelit or not. For example, 37.4 percent of the infor- ,,, tinder onehalf (46.5 percent) was drama and almut one mational air finale ? was in 'magazine format (i.e., All CI quarter (24.5 pc r t cut) was poetry and oth6 literature Things Considered) and 38.7 percent was from NPR, readings(see TabV.:2). NPR programs contributed 6.6 while 42.6 percent on locally. live ixiint three percent of all spoken word performance hours (sec percent of the instructional i iaterial came from NPR, Table V.3). another 12 percent from othe public radio sources, and Of the very small portion of instructional material on local distribution accounted foi" 23.5 percent. Less than public radio stations (less.than seven minutes per Station one firth (22.1 percent) of special interest program- per day on average) in FY 1982, the vast majority (73.5 ming hours came from NPR, 5 percent from other pub- percent)4111 instructional licitirs...wore intended for lie radio sources and 59.6 percent originated locally. As children not beyond Ifigli school level (sec Table V.4). for programs repeated from the previotk two weeks, Two survey questions concerning progtamming in- these comprised about one quarter of the instructional volved special groups; The first asked if the program in material, and the proportions of the informational spe- question was about 4iy of the special groups., and the cial interest and ore ramming ranged from second asked if the Program had special -groups ic a 0.1 percent to 9.() perc able V.8). Targetatidience.Specialinterest programming accounted for 6.6 percent of all air time in FY 1982.

33 PUBLIC RAM CRAMMING CONTENT BY CAPIEGORY FISC' L YEAR 1982 --k

e Figure .y.1 TABIA': V.2 Percentage of flours of Special Interest Programming Percentage of 'Niel Spoken Word Performance Hours By . by Focus of Program and Target Audience Category

A PROGRAM ABOUT i'ercentage Category Hours 1.9% GENERAL ' 3.0% ELDERLY Drama 46.5% . 39.0% MINORITY 4.5% WOMEN laterature/Poetry 24.5 4.5% TEENS ComedyNanety/Satire 14.9 6.1% HANDICAPPED Other Spoken Word Performanee 14.2

Source: Research and Programming Services 7.6% ETHNIC '

13.7% CHILDREN TABLE V.3 Percentage of information ruldSix)ken Word Performance Hours 19.7%OTHER By NPR Programs AVERAGE ANNUAL HOURS (SPECIAL . Percentage of Percentak: of Total INTEREST) PER STATION: 454 Total Information Spoken Word 1.5% ELDERLY Title I lours Performance flours 3.0% WOMEN 4.5% TEENS All Things Considered 9.7% 6.0% GENERAL Morning Edition NPR Playhouse 36 4% MINORITY Al 6.1% IMNDICAPPED Includes MORNING EDITION hours which may not have originated from NPR. 7.6% ETHNIC Source: Research and Programming Services

15.2% CHILDREN TABLE V.4 19 7% OTHER Percentage of Instructional Hours By Instructiofnal Category

Source. Research and Programming Services Percentage Total Instructional Category I loins

K through 12 73.5(g College Credit 16.1) Continuing Education 10.5

Sourct, Research mid Programming Services

TABLE V.5 TABLE V.1 Percentage of Special Interest Hours By Focus or Target Group. Percentage of Total Information !lours By, lamination Category Progr4unAhinit Program I'm Percentage Category I loins General 1.9%4, 6,0% I landicapped 6I 6.1 Cultiire/Art/Itcs-amS 15 Minolits 39 0 16.4 7. '3 Eithinc 7.6 76 Sun:ilex 5.3 Women 4 1.0 Agri( iiltiireAVeatliei ; Elderls 111 15 Sports 6.0 Teens 4 5 4 Station Info/Fund Itaising 6I) Children 137 15.2 Other Information 35.11 Other 19 7 19 7

Source Research and Programming Services Sources: Research and Programming Services

Ak / 34 44 IP I

q. INFORMATIONMA, 'SPOKEN WORD, INSTRUCTIONAL, SPECIAL INTEREST PROGRAMMING

TABLE V.6 Percentage of Hours of Information, Spoken Word Performance, Instructional, and Special Interest Programming By Format

Information Simken Word bistriVional Special Interest Fornult I louts Performance flours i I10111fh 11oars Total I lours

Annornicer with Itccooling 19.9%. 6.9% 0.31 48.0% 55.3% Concert y 01 0.1 ..5.6 12.9 Events 4 5 0.8 - 0.6 0.7 1)raniatiiation 0.9 59.8 6.8 7.3 2.4 Newscast 2 9 1.9 3,0 rsilagaiiin 37.4 5.3 1.3 16.0 17.7

1)ociiinntary 5.7 1.6 . 0.6 2.0 0.9

Lecture/Falk . 21.1 10.6 67.1 10.5 4.3 Call-In 2 5 1.2 1.4 1.6 0.5 Other 5 I 13 7 22.5 6.4 2.3

Somer. Itescarch and Plogramming Services

TABLE V.7 Percentage of flours of Information, Spoken Wtful Performance,dirstruCtional, and Special Interest Programming By Distributor

Spokon Wool Information P( r'fi,trinatwe histnictional Special Interest 1)istributor flours lams flours I lotus Total flours

NPR 3k 77 47.31 5 37 22.1% 24.7%

laical. 42 6 19.3 23 5 59.6 56.3 , Other Public Radio S S 1.4.7 12.0 5.0 7. Commercial I: I 0 6 0 0 0.6 1.6 S(licator 6.6 14 8 9.6 3.9 6.8 Public 'IV 0.2 1.1 0.0 0.2 0.2 -Combination 4. 3 0.6 46.8 7.9 2.8 Other 1.1 1.6 2.8 0.7 0.5

Sonic. Ifesealch and PrOgramming Sersices

. TABLE V.8 Percentage of Hours of Information, Spoken Word Performance, Instructional, and Special Interest Programming By Repeat From Prhvious Iwo Weeks

Spriken Word Information Performanec Instructional Special Interest . Repeat I lours -I lours I lours I lours Total !lours

No Repeat` 95. 87, 91 0 6.5 99.1% 97.5%

Repeat Frimi Previous Isso Weeks 4 2 9.0 23.5 0. . 2.5

Sour« Research and Ponnattintinig sen 4%.

I Chapter VI NPR and Locally Distributed Programming

Of all the hours brOadcast by an average station in cent of the hours of locally distributed material, com- FY 1982, 1,702 hours (24.7 percent) were distributed by pared to only 31 percent of the NPR material and 68..5 NPR, an increase of 31 hours from ley 1980. Annually, percent overall., (See Figure VI. I.) Among local pro 3,880 hours originated locally, an increase of 116 hours, gramming, the percentages of each of the music-cate- or 3.1 percent, front 11' 1980. Thus, local programming gories followed the same pattern as total air time.. In accounted for 56,3 percent of all air time in FY 1982. local programming, classical music and jazz were still On the survey form certain NPR programs were pro- the most frequent (41 percent and 22.5 percent, re- coded to tabulate their occurrence in the stations' spectively), but there was also a fairly large percentage .schedules. 'Fable VII gives the program titles and per- of cOntemporary music (6.5 percent). centages of total NPR hours and of all hours. News/public affairs and information, includingAll All Things Consideredaccounted for 6.4 percent of Thirrigs ConsideredandMorning Edition,accounted for all air time and 26.1 percent of NPR-distributed hours. a much larger percentage of the NPR-distributed hours

As was seen in Chapters IV and V,All Things Consid- than they did in general. Specifics ,49,5 percent of eredcomprised 29.2 percent of news/public affairs pro- NPR hours were- news/public af irs, compared to only grams aria 9.7 percent of the hours of informatipnal 8.2 percent of the locally distributed- material. For in-

. Nprogrammisg, Tho hours ofMorning Editionthat were formational programming, the respective figures.were

coded a$being purely from NPR (excluding the)1 coded 12.1 percent for NPR and 5.8 percent for local material. as "combination") accounted for 5.9 percent (f all air Iii terms of the different program formats, a greater time and 23.9 Percent of a11-NPR- distributed a r time. percentage of NPR hours cowiisted of concerts (21 per- Jazz Aline! represented 1.2 percent of all airtintanl 5 cent) and dramatizations (6 pekent) than was the case percent of the NPR- distributed hours. lip CliNter III it in general (12,9 percent and 2.4 percent, respectively). was Neu' thatJazz Alive!constituted more than 7 per- There was also a higher percentage of lecture/talk shows cent of material broadcast i weekends between 7 p.m. on NPR (4.8 percent). The higliest percentage was in and midnighlo magazine format-55.3 perecirtthe result, again, of Tables VI,.2 through VI.4 show the comparisons be- two NPR programs. For locally distributed programs, tween NPR, local, and total air time by content, format, annoinicer with recordings dominated the format cat- and repeats. These tables slam. that local- programming. egories, comprising 84.3 percent of the local material, consisted of music to a larger degree than total pal- compared to 55.3 percent of all material. gramining. NPR programming consisted of news/publa In terms of repeats, there were sonic repeats for NPR affairs and inforination programming to a greater extent !hairs (4.6 percent), but virtually i repeats for local than the others. Specifically, music comprised 84.3 per- hours (0.7 percent). (See Table VI.4.)

gle 37 46 4 Figure VI.1 Percentage of NPR Hours, Locally Distributed Hours, and Total Hours by Content Categories

84.3%

NPR Local Total

12.10/0 I

411

3.8% NPR Local Total 0.1% 0.3% 0.6% MUSIC NEWS/PUBLIC INFORMATION WOKEN wont) INSTRUCTIONAL AFFAIRS ERFORMANCE 48 4'7 SI (( R16(1111. h .111(1 Ottlgre111111g NPR AND LOCALLY DISTRIBUTED PROGRAMMING

TABLE VII Percentage of NPR Hours By Title

i tic N/Plt !lours Total Hours

All Things Considered 26.1% 6.4%. Morning Editio* 23.9 5.9 Jazz Alive! 5.0 1.2io NPR Pl!,:housei 0.6. 0.2 - ° Excludes M9RNING EDITION hours which did not originate

from NPR. ; Source: Rseareh and Programming Services

VI.2 , . Percentage of NPR and Locally Distributed flours By Content Categories

Content NPR !lours local Hours "Total Hours q MUSIC 30 .8% 84.3'% 68.5% Opera 3.5 1.1 ...... 2.5 Classical I87() 41.0 \ 36/ Jazz i 22_5 , 15.6 Contemporary 0.3 6,5

U.S Folk 0.2 2.3 2.4(32...1).8 Show/Film 0.1 0.9 0.6 Other Music 1.2 9.7 6.6 NEWS/Pl /MAC AFFAIRS 49 5 8.2 '19.3

Icical/Regimial . 0.7 2.9 2.0 National/International 36.4 0.8 10.3 lucid/National/International 12.1 4.5 6.9 INFORMATION 12.1 5.8 7.7 Culture/Art/Reviews 4.8 1.8 2.7 I listory/Biography/Scienc4 1.6 .0.5 1.0 Agriculture/Weather/Sports 0.5 1.1 0.9 Other Information 5.1 2.4 3.1 SPOKEN WORD PERFORMANCE 7.3 1.3 3.g

Dramarama 4.8 0.2 1.33 Literature/Poch-V. 0.9 0.5 Other Spoken Word Performance 1.6 0.5

1NSTRl ICTIONAL 0.1 0.3 ((1))1))... , k -I2 . 0.I 0 I 0.5 College/Adult 0.0 (1.2.2 (1.2

Source. Research and Programming Services

kr,

TABLE VI.3 TABLE VI.4 Percentage of NPR and Locally Distributed Hours By Format Percentage of NPR and Imeally Distributed Hours ByRepeat From Previous Two Weeks NPR 1 ,o ea 1 Total Format Hours !kiwi Hours NPR Loyal Total

- , Repeat !lours I lours !lours Announcer -IRecording 5.7% 84.3% 55,3% Con«.rt 21.0 I.9 12.9 No Repeat 95.4% 99.3% 97.5'X Evciits (1.8 -0 8 ,0.7 Repeat From Previous Two Weeks 4.6 0.7 2.5 Dramatuation 6.0 0 4 2.4 s Newscast '1.4 3:9 3,0 Source: Research and Programming Services Magaime 55 3 3.9 17.7 1)ocumental-1 2:4 0.2 0 9 1,ecturef Falk 4.8 2.5 4.3 ,

Call-hi . 0.2 (1.7 0.5 ()them ' 2.3 1.6 2.3 Source: Research :Ind Programming Services

39 49 Appendix A ( Survey Method and Operati?ns

Sample Selection There was An equal number of sample dates for each For the purpose of this survey, 228 public radio sta- day of the week, one for each station: tions were surveyed on seven predesignate(' days. The Response Rate sample yearFY 1982was divided into sevenseg- The original sampling included seven dates for each ments, 52 days each. Within each segment, stations of 228 stations, or 1,5 station-days... The results in- were randomly assigned to one of the 52 days. Thus, cluded data from 1,034ation-days. Thus, the rate of the sample for each station was spread over a 364-day response was64.8percentf the station-days in the sam- "sample year" (excluding October 1,1981) and pro-, ple. gramming from all 364"days was sampled. An additional Estimates of Annual) Averages constraint was that the seven days selected for each sta- The seven sample days (one week) assigned each station had to represent the seven days of the week (Sun- tionrepresented 7/365ths of its sample year schedule. day, Monday, ;Tuesday, etc.), although not necessarily Estimated annual averages were calculated by multi- in that order. Therefore, the total sample covered an plying occurrences in the sample by 365/7 after correcting equal :number of schedules for .eacheekdaye.g., (col' nonresponse (The survey response rate was 64;79 there Were 228 Wednesdays in the sample, with each percent). The annual per-station average was obtained station represented once. by taking the estimated annual average and dividing by 1 hesample was generated by the coputer according the number of stations. For example, the Survey yielded to the, following rules: (1) the 3M days of the sample 19,524 hours of material, representing 1,034 of the 1,596 !yearwere numbered and divided into seven segments possible station days in the sample. Correcting for non- of 52 days each;-(2) within the first segment, each station response by a factor of "96/1()34 yields 30,136 hours in was randomly assigned (by a randopi number generator) the samplefranie' Multiplying by365/7 .generates One of the 52 dates; (3) for the second segment, each 1,571,361 annual hours, or 6,892 hours per station in station was once again randomly assigned one of the 52 FY82. dates; however, the date was replaced by another random selection if it fell on the same day of the week as Survey Operations .

the first sample date; (4) station-by-station sample se- . The survey items and methodology were approved by lection was repeated in this fashionfor theremaining CPR's Office of Communication Research during the segments of the year. Days of the.week that had already summer of 1979. Prior to the inception ofthe surveyin been chosen for a given station were not allowed to FY 1981,.represeutatives of the followinkgroups met to recur, but the sample was otherwise random within discuss and refine draft survey instruments: Research each segment of the year. & Programming Services, National Public Radio; and In summary, the sample had the following charac- Computer Information Services, Communication Re, teristics: search, Radio. Activities, and Educational Activities, Eitel' day of the sample year was represented, and CPB. each had an equal probability of being chosen., The original list of stations was made from CPB rec- The sample of each station wasspreadover the seven ords. )6. segments of the whole year. Envelopes prepared prier to the survey were ad- Each station was sampled once for each day of the dressed to program managers with labels from the CPB week. computerized address file. Each ciintaineda survey

41* PUBLIC RADIO PROGRA MING CONTENT BY CATEGORY FISCAL YEAR 1982

code sheet, two response sheets, an instruction sheet, eert format). With over 19,500 cases to be processed, a cover letter, and a buSiness-size return envelope. the editing routine identified relatively few problems Computer-printed gummed labels 'Were prepared and and almost all. of these seemed to be clerical errors affixed to the response sheets to indicate the mime of typically column- shifts. It proved to be especiallv. im- the station, the date and day for which there was to be portant to correct these column shifts because they a report and the code numbers for the station and the might inciiiiatiai(X) minutes of the wrong Program type sample date. Packets were prepared for every, station- instead of 60 minutes of the appropriate program type: day in the survey (i:e., sever for each station), sorted Another computer program overrode coding of pro- chronologically by datetrrMC surveyed and grouped by gram types for the predefined NPR programs so that each week in the survey period. The packets were they were coded consistently for all the stations. For mailed once a week sevdn to 14 days ahead of the survey the daypart analysis in Chapter III another computei date+ in question. ogram converted the programs. that began in one A master schedule of stirVey'dates and stations was c )ek hour and ended in the next (e.g., a 45-minute prepared. As responses arrived, they were tallied against P m starting at 8:40 and ending at 9:25); to two or their schedule. If no response was received within five m re section that started and ended in the same-clock weeks, a follow-up packet was sent. The follow-up hour (e.g., a 20-minute program starting. at 8:40 and a packet contained all the survermaterials plus a special 25-minute program starting at9:00). follow-up cover .letter (see Appendix C). Following a The edited data were processed by standard analyses second five-week period, the assistant project director available in the Statistical Package for the Social Sci- either sent otit a second follow-up letter or telephoned ences (SPSS). the station based on previous contacts with the stations. If earlier survey dates had been late or were accom- There wasa low percentage (less than five percent) . panied by a lettet or comment about the survey,. a per- of-missing.data foranygiven variable, although in sonic sonal follow-up letter was written. If there had been no cases "other" was a valid response. It was assumed that response at all from the station, a telephone call will missing data were distributed in proportion to the responses given. Annual average hours were calculated made. -Starting November 1982, all stations that had not re- as described in Chapter I. In eases of cross-tabulation, turned one or more. of the survey forins were tele- missing data increased as a function of the two or three phoned, and many agreed to return the forms as soon variables used, and it was assumed that single variate were proper, and totals were 'adjusted to asp2ysible. A few indicated that the survey was too great pro'pons a bfrden, and they wer(Ngked to send copieseof their matedmarginal values determined by a frequency logs foj the appropriate dates. count of each variable. The survey year was divided into seven equal seg- The survey covered six variables about stations, three ments. Completed surveys from a given segment were about the date (school-in-session, time of year, and day manitlilly edited. Precod6d program identificatidn num- oftweek) and eight about progtanis (with five content bers were added for a few NPR programs. The program categories defined). All possible combinations of two or starting times were converted to a 24-hour clock where more variables would have required an encyclopedic the a.m./pim. system had been used. Illogical codes compendium of data. Editorial judgment was shared by were corrected. The forms were designed to be used the 'project staff and representatives ofCI%Variables directly by keypunchers; thus, the editor had to ensure and relationships' to be studied were chosen and addi- that there were no ambiguities or illegal codes. tional computer analyses were called for whcn the data The data were keypunched and verified by a com- indicated new areas to be studied further. In the end, ./- mercial service and processed through a computer ed- the basic analyses specificd;bY the project proposal were/ iting scheme that searched for logical erffirs (e.g. ,a made and many additional analyses andcategories were news/public affairs program coded as being in the con- used.

51 Appendix B Computation of Standard Error

The sample design of this survey was not a simple DETERMINING STANDARD ERRORS FOR random sample. Isrogramh were clustered, that is, all. THI$ suwhi..y pr4ams for a single station-day were taken together.. Days were chosen from seven segments of the year and Appendix Table B.1. can be used to determine the the sample was tit rati fijc I to include a sampling of seven 'appropriate value of N for the different categories in Oates forleach station. A simple random saltiple would the tables in the main body of this report. Using the have randomly chosenindividualprograms from correct N, Appendix Table B.2. can /then be used to among the 1.4 million houof material transmitted by-compute the standard error for a given proportion that

all statioT. . . appears in the table. Since the sample was not randomly selected, it is im- In each chapter of this report' tables appear which list proper to compute variance for a given proportion by several categories (e.g., communitlk,' university. etc.) or the formula V .-,-,pq/N. The sampling technique used which arc restricted, to one or more categories (e.g.. for this project was identical to that used in producing Music, NPR, etc.). For a given category, these tables the reportsPublic Television Program Content: 1974 list 'the proportion of air time taken by one of several :And Public Television Programming By Category: 1976. .types of programming (e.g., formats). Consider, for ex- The appropriate. formula for estimating variance was ample, Table11.2in Chapter H. It indicates that among designed for those projects and therefore applies to community licensees, 14.7 percent of their air time was this project ,by Dr. David Brilliger, Department of-in concert format. To compute the standard error in Statistics. University of California at Berkeley. this number, proceed as follows: Under a plan that was approved for those projects by Use the section of Appendix 'fable' 3. I which is con-- the National Center for Education Statistics, a figure'ecrnecl with Chaptin- II. yind the, nilliniber associoted known as De\ign Effect was computed. (See Estimating with community lituisees. In this case the value if Viiriancessectieni. ) Design Effect of -variance (DEFEO .3,028. Now use this number to find`the closest row in ''is the variance komputed by the appropriate formula Appendix Table B.2.,inthis case the. row labelled divided in' the pqiN estimation of variance for the same "4000.:" Then find the column which most closely proportion. (;ice drenssionin Kish,h Survey Sump/Mg, matches the .proportion.in question. .111 our example Wilev,1965.)Desig iEffect on ihe standard error 14.7 percent is closest to "15 percent pr 85 percent." (DEFEse) is .simply tl2N square root of DEFFv, just as The. cell which is at the intersection of the correct row standard error is the sql\kare rpot of variance. and column is the estimated standard error of the pro- 'Islic average value of DEllike (which is 1.37) can be portion. In the example given. the intersection of "40U($' used to compute the standard error by multiplying the and "15 percent or 85 percent- is .77, which is the stan- simple formida. for standard error (the square root of dard error of. the proportion of 'community licensee pq/N)by the value l'.37. This has been done in Appen- hours in the concert format. When a proportion or dix Table .B.2 for certain values of p, q, and N. value of number falls in between two rows or columns,

43 PUBLIC RADIO PROGRAMMING CONTENT BY CATEGORY FISCAL YEAR 1982 .... interpolation may be used, to obtain a nkore precise. Turning to t pro m of estimating the variance of value. Interpolation from percentages to total hours p, let may also be used if the reader wishes to obtain standard errors for these totals. , The chances are 68. out of 100 that an estimate from hi.= >2 'hiik this sample would differ from a complete countevery i.k .... lee priograin for every station-4y less than the estimated standard error. The chances are 95 out of 100 that the Eh. L MIK difference would be less than twice the standard -error 7 i.k and-about 99 out of 109 that it would be no more than 2:5 times as large. . .! Continuing with the example, the .77 in Appendix h.i. = -51vz a 'h, 1k Table 15.2. indicates that the standard error is approx. / 1.k imately ± .77 percentage points. The proporti(in of counnimitylicensce hours in the concert format should 1 x v. h.. = z,him be interpreted as ranging between 13.93 percentercent and 49i.i.k 15.47 peteent (i.e., 14.7 percent ± .77) by chance at one standard error. with similar definitions involving y. Next let

ESTIMATING VARIANCE I h = Chi k 'hi hi 'h k 2'h )2 Let h = 1, . . . ( = 21) index the groups of broadcasters (seven per Latin Square). Let i = 1, ... 7 index

the broadcasters within each 'group. Let j = 1, . . . 7 index the day types. Let k = 1, ..: 7 index the Seasons. 1,ct 'NA denote the observed nuinber of broadcast hours (or programs) in season k, on .a day type j, by the Oh .broadcaster of group h. Likewise let %,,/, denote the ob- 'h k -h served number of broadcast hours (or programs) of a given type (C.g., "instructional"). Our estimate of the 1- ,, )2 proportion of time (or programs) Of a giveirtype.is now = ,, hi hi 30 k

1 hide The variance of p may now be estimated by h-I i-I1- Ik I

.Sit , ,249 (s 21' + ik (E "hilk I- I t-I k h

53 44 COMPUTATION OF STANDARD ERROR

APPENDIX TABLE 13.1 Broadcast .Hours (N) By Category (Rounded to nearest 100 for use in Table 13.2) m .

Chapter II Number Chapter III Number

'All. 19,501) 7111 19,500 . 1Veekday 14,800 LICENSEE TYPE Weekelid 4,700 Community 3,000 . University 14,1110 . 11'eekday 6 am -10 am 3.9(H) Loc.q Antlont 2,000 Weekday 10 an -3 pm. . 4,000 State 400 1Veckday 3 pi -7 on 3,200 Weekday 7 pii -M1(1. 2.9(H) 13111)GET SIZE 1Veekilav Mid. -6 ant 700 (hider $150,000 800 $150,11110$299.999 6,100 11'eckend 6 ai -10 am 1,100 1,300,11110-'1,499.99) 7,600 Weekend 10 an -3 pin 1,300 4.;51X1,000 i.tinl over 5.000 11'eeketid 3 pin:-7 pin 1,000 11'eekend 7 piii-Njid. 1,100 ItGION 11'eekend Mid.-6 hit 200 Northeast 2,300 South 4,700 (:11..1I'"ilt IV Central 8,400 All 19,500 West 4,000 Miisk. 7,800 ()tithing 100 News : 6,200 TINIE ZONE CIIAIrl'Elt V Eastern. 8,000 All 19,500 Cunha! 7,400 Information .4,100 Mountain 1;400 Spoken %Von! Perforance 1,4110 Pacific 4,700' Instructional 200 Special Interest 1,500. 111mod...1. TYPE Singl-Statio 13,300 CHAPTER VI Multi-Station 6.200 All 19,5(10 NPII 5,200 .AM or EM Local 10,300 A111 2,200 1; 61 1-.300 .. r r 1

APPENDIX TABLE 13.2 Standard Errors of Broadcast !lours (N) t

I lours I 'X or 99% 27 or 987 57 or 95 10% or 90'X rw 857 257 or 75 35% or 657. 507 a 100 1.36 1.91 2.99 4.11 4.89 5.93. 6.53 6.85 200 .96 1.36 2.11 3.91 3.46 4.19 4.62. 4.84 500 .61 .-86 1.34 1.84 2.19 2.65 2.92. 3.06 1,000 .43 .61 .94 1.30 1.55 1.88 2.07 2.17 2,000 .30 .42 .67 .92 1.09 1.33 1.46 1.53 4,000 .21 .30 .47 .65 .77 .94 1.03 1.08 6,000 .18 .25 .39 .53 .63 .77 .84 .88 8,000 .1 .21 .33 .46 .55 . ..66 .73 .77 10,000 .14 .19 .29 .41 .49 .59 .65 .69 15,000 .11 .16 ..24 .34 .10 48 .53 .56 20,000 10 .14 .21 .29 .35 .42 .46 .48

54 5

., .

Appendix .0 Survey Instruments anal Cover Letters

47 55 INITIAl COUR .64TUR oPbCorporationfor Pub lio Broadcasting

MEMORANDUM if II) TO: Program Managers. CPB-Qualified Public Radio Stations

FROM: Howard. Myrick, CPB

RE: 1981-1982 Public Radio Programming Category Survey

Enclosed are the forms for your .first sample. date in, the current survey of the programming_of public .radio stations. 0. 6 This is the third Radio PrOgramming Category Survey we hive. attempted. The first two reports were quite successful and the results areessential if we ate.to assess the impact of public broadcasting andtrack.ctanges in system-wide programming. These data are most/useful in testimony before Congress as well as "local,lbstate, and national funding sources, This Arvey shoUld give us a clearer picture of the content and role of public radio. W report of the mobt.recent results 'will be. mailed- to liou sodfi.

The enclosed materials have been designed to consume as little of

your time as possible. We. have worked closey wih NPR and other . interested organizations in an attempt to cfliete a useful and uncomplicated survey. CPB'is well aware that surveys can impose quite a burden;.and-we hope that a coordinated, efficient information gathering system will help reduce the imposition.

If you will 'read enclosed instructions and definitions with care you will note that they are unchanged from the 197971980 study. After you haVe become familiar with the instructions, Complete and return only the yellow answer sheet, Be sure to VI give only information about. programming on the indicated date.A pre- addres8ed return envelope iscenclosed.

If you need help with the survey, feel free to phoneResea:Ithan. Programming Services collect in San Francisco. The telephone numbet is -.(115)621-5627, if you have any problems or questions (but remember Xhey are on Pacific time)..

Thank you for your kind C000eration.

) t

1'11116th Street N W Washington D C 20036 Tel (2021293-6160

49 V 56 Corporation eIAAT euAAAJWUe .ATTgR,

Prooramminq Project P. O. Box 4126 San Francisco, CA 94101 Dear Program Managet, Ar Over a month ago we mailed you theCormsfor a sample date in the CPB programming survey. The completed forms have not cour back yet. They may have been lost or misplaced; or they may,' have crossed this letter in tht mail. If they are already on their way, thanks. We know that broadcasters are often too busy to be bothered with this kind of thing. Let me assure you that CP8, PBS, and NPR are ,now the only national organizations that should be gathering data, and we have worked closely together to design this survey.

Enclosed is anotheg set of survey materials. We have tried to make the procedure as simple as possible; but it will obviously take a bit of time to co4lete the forms..(The average has been about half an hour.)

In the past, public broadcasting has been able to document strengths and weaknehes, plan for future growth, and make its case before ldcal and national funding agencies with data from surveys like this. We need valid information. Please help us get it.

By the way, we hope the instructions are not as intimidating as they seem at first. "Special cases" have to be covered by instructions; but the survey should be simple and clearly defined for almost all problems. However, if you have any problems please phone me at (415)621-5627 (California time).

Thanks very much for you help..,

Sincerely,

Robin Mendel Project Manager Research & Programming Services

Please note: The day and date for which we want answers are on the tali of the pink or yellow answer sheet. Use precoded strios (where provided) to save time.

11! .6tn Street N W Nasnington 0 C 20034. Dal2C2` 293.6160 MEM=111111111111111111111 0011.101111111111111111111111111111111111111 1 111 M 11111111111111111 OM RIM 111 111 NB-i- = mam 111111 am mom ISM 1 I Program Survey Code Sheet

Myles leo 161.1 loin. sloe* lo Iles C wool sock of lie five commit talosorlos bolo.. foe ask codgers PM applies. oleo Oho approximate maim el Wastes of that type. A AO 161.141 ProtrolCI%toolits 10 lolooloo of HULK. 1 Wool's of dn. and S 01101S 0 mielpmem.) IM. oleo Ow COM 11410ber that bit! IlooLrIbol *ALA of 1M LA1890,114 A F wood. (Is. 3 Jilt. I- legal. S SPOSINIONIO INSINX11011 Moo(l F 43 II J K SIARI :. MILE (01IIENIS FORM) *KAI DISIAIRO1011 1RANSHISSI011 PHINANI 114t If MIEN PRIIIARY pin IANOININ am ANDcgOg FOR (MNCAIIIGORY WOKE ' M00( AIKNII IAN I (I) (I) (I) ust 24 A1101141(1 MIN ANNOUNCER ORPEAft LOCAL (LOU NI IN PROGRAM (YOUR SIN.) (I) (I) RECOROINO LIVE STEREO OrNINAI AIRED DURING :(1) 6t00A0600 IASI TWO (2) FRON OUR ONOAOCASI (2) N.P.R. FACILITIES (2) 1.1NEPAL 2;00A 0/00 DI U2 03 04 DO CONCERT WEEKS (2) NANOICAPPIO 1 (2) SIERIO 12) (3) (2) u ill IWIDICAPPED PROGRAM °t1ut) EMS WINO SINUCCASI MUSIC VS/PDO INFORM- SPOKEN tvENIS POltIt mtimAllv (I) AIRED DUPING RECORDED (3) 10:44A.1045 RADIO INGNINIS All AIRS IION WORD DOOM. 00 IASI IWO NO00 ASIAN/PACIFIC. ONANA11- WEEKS SOURCE ACIS. 11)1,-1 KRIONIANCE DRoADEASI HISPANIC, OPERA /AVION (4) ioulty AH. INDIAN/ A9INLIPACII IC JI (I) II) (I) COMMERCIAL HISPANIC. I J (5) NONO I4/ I2:000.120) 12) *NAUSS NEWSCAST STATION, INIERcONNEc. AN.INDIAN) OIHER REGIONAL ARI, (I) SillutCASI mita DRAMA METwoOK Hoff 1:001'1100 CLASSIcAt REVIEWS 11-12 (6) (IONIC (2) 15/ I4/ (5) 0.11$11 (2) (2) MAGA/ME 011AU 2:00P14151 (31 A/010MM, (2) 01111 !APED (5) IIHNIE JAll INTINNAINt HISTORY, 1.11RAIUR, COLLEGE wonito 1:001'141 POETRY (1) SYNDICATOR DIEM fRoN (5) SIOGRAPIN °Ault DOCunINIARY 13) (10 INIERCONNEC- (6) MOWN 4:00P-I606 (S) IS/ 'ION toNIENPoRARy UMW (8) PI/SIICIV (IKON 5:00P/00 stotNtt coMEDV, (GNI 11111150 itcluutorAtu . (5) 112 SAIIRE, USK II) (S) (1) mai It GANW-I800 U.S.full 14) VARIETY COMSMAIION IA1111E111 ottus "mumNW. DISCUSSION PRE. I/I F:01141400 16/ (4) IS/ NEcoRtWo 110 TEENS WjATIII,R 19/ tH1111101 8:(Noloou INIERNAI'l Oulu CONL-IN 011111I 104K (6) (8) 0111414 (9) CIIII ORIN 4:101000 $PONIS (0) oliNR OTHER (9) inow,/pml suutafttu (6) STATION 001IO II:001',2100 (8) INFO, 12:101,2400 NflIGIONS NMI 1100A,010) (9) IIIIIER 2:00110200 (/) 0111414

C;INIA-11411) Spoils ISR. M WS/P.A. IIISINIICI mom HMI VIII_ Ani MAL IICIMICAi P11111,101/1 IANUI ITIN&AM IIIU mMs tont MINE 'cow INNS ,C001 MINS :Coot MINK .Coot I ORM RI PI Al DIS1111601041 SS ION - tsiom MOAN SOURI /MOM

VO 61 BEST COPY AVAILABLE PUBLIC RADIO CONTENT SURVEY

INSTRUCTIONS "A)

1),Familiarise yotrsilf with the codes on the blue sheet and . corresponding definitions below.

2) Determine whether local schools were in session for the date 'ft given in the upper left of the yellow answer sheet and indicate this in the upper right corner of the answer sheet.

Since the concept of a program is not always clear cut in radio broadcasting this survey does not attempt to force the material into a program-by-program breakdown. You may group several "programs" together into single time block so long as'items E through K are identical during the time block and the contentd can be adequately described by item D. (sig. several instructional programs all at the same grade level and all from the same source could b grouped together.- Simply code, the total time in C and fill in a 1 the rest *of the items normally.,)

On the other hand, it max be necessary to divide a single "orogram" into several time blocks in order to adequately describe the contents. (e.g. a sixty minutes music prOgram might be half jazz and half show- music. In this case use two lines, each with a 30 minute length for C' and copy items E through R from one to the other.)

For each consecutive time block (they should exhaust your entire schedule for the day). complete the following steps:

3) Place the blue code sheet over theyellow answer sheet so the columns are aligned on the two sheets.

4) Fill in the START TIME, PROGRAM TITLE (or TITLES), and LENGTH (items A-C) for each time block. Use the 24 hour clock for the start times. The broadcast day begins at 6:00am 40600) on the day indicated and ends either at sign-off or at 5:59am (0559) on the following day. Give the length of the time block in minutes.

5) Divide the.total length given in C into parts: fill in the approximate number.of minutes of the total that were devoted -to each of the five content categories (Music, News/Public Affairs, Information, Spoken Word Performance, Instructional), Leave inapproOriate categories blank.Try to be accurate but a close approximation is all that is needed. The lengths listed in D should add up to the total listed in C. (e.g. a program might be "60 minutes total with 55 minutes of music and 5 minutes of News.) 6) For each of the five content categorieeto which some time was assigned in the previous step, code ous.of the choices listed below' it. (If more _than one choice is required, adjust the lengths in C , and p and begilfi coding an additional line with a later start time 410 describe the remainder of the program. This procedure should only be necessary if a program has more than one kind of music,or more than one kind of spoken word performance, etc. A program that has both music and news, by contrast, could be coded on.a single line.)

Complete item E, Format. For item F, Repeat: indicate whether the program was a repeat of one broadcast within the last two weeks to tpe best of your recollection. Complete items.G through I.

8) fplile everyone is welCome to listen to public radio, certain programs are primarily about certain groups of people or mainly intended for target audiences. Items J and K are intended to identify such programs. For item J, indicate the group which the program is'primarilyabout. If the program is not about any special group, use code (1:)- general.

9) For item K, indicate_the group for whom the program is mainly intended. If the program is not targeted for any special audience, `..use code (1) - general.

BEST COPY AVAILABLE " 62 4' q a 'us= RADIO coma swim

NE OUTNITIONS

A) START/11PR Begin the day at 6 o'clock in the morning (or later if your weren't 'on the air then) and continue until 'ion-On/oft or until tam theJollowime day. Use the 24 hour clock. for -those who don't,t444a comfortable with this system, the list on the blue sheet should help you We conversions.

I) PROGR)M TITLE

C) / Should be given in minutes (no Furs)and rounded to the neatest whole Minute.

0) CONTENTS . i. for eadh of the five categories which applies. gi444 the approximate number of minutes. The total of thee, should equal the length given in C. ii. There are nine MUSIC categories which are self -441401anatory. ail. .'NENS/111414C ArrAzas categories are divided by geOgraphic scope' local (or regional). national. and international. iv. tillt*MATION includes discussions of culture or art (but en:actual Performance) as well as other kinds of informational materiaL It also includes coverage of sporting events and station id's. tiod raising activities. and other operations. v. SPOKEN MORO PERP'ORMANCES ars the non musical performances. vi. INSTRUCTIONAL material is divided by level -- R-12. College Credit. and Continuing

Education. .

. .

R) FORMAT 41 Choose the format which boll describes the program. (I) Announcer with reccrdIW4s in traditional radio format. (2)- Concert live or recorded. (3) Events coverage, other than a concert. such as sporting event. political event. or cultural event. Real time coverage either live or recorded. (4) Dramatization involves actors working from a script. (S) Newscast. (6) Magazine programs with a variety of segments.

. (7) OetrUmentary, (1) Lecture. taik, interview, or discussion programs. (6) Call-in involves the audiende calling in by telephone. (0) Other use if none of the above apply. 4.

. t) REPEAT Indicate whether the program is a repeat of one broadcast within the last two weeks. It is not necessary to make an extensive search of the loges answer to the best of your recollection.

0) DISTRIBUTOR This item should indicate the organization that placed the Program in distribution.

H) TECIOUCAL SOURCE i. This item should indicate the way in which the program was put on the air. ii. iv refers to programs which are entirely live from your own facilities. kill w 'recorded segments describes programs in which records or tapes are mixed with live cOmpenents from your facilities: e.g. an announcer plays and intro- duces recorde. iii. The next two categories in this item refer to direct and taped delayed use'of interconnection. This inclUdes interconnected lines_or satellite feeds from NPR or state or regional networks. iv. Entirely pre-recordeU sources include tapes and records that compose entire programs; but this does not refer to programs transmitted by interconnection.

a I) TRANSMISSION MOOR This item indicates whether a program was broadcast in stereo, mono or quad( and it tells whether or not the program was simubnast with "a PTY station.

.71 4 R) PROGRAM and PRIMilq TARGET AUDIENCE i. It J indicates whether the program is !holt a certain group. Li. it K indicates whether the program is Primarily intended for a tergetaudi.ence. iii. Pick the single most appropriate category in both J and R. iv. Programs that are non about or for a target group should be coded with a (1)for general audience. (2) Handicapped refers to the visually impaired pr:any other handicapixtd target group. (3) Minority target ;routs include the CPS Minna-minorities, Slacks, Asian/Pacific. Hispanic, and American Indian. (4) Other ethnic refers to other cultural and linguistic ethnic groups.

BEST COPY AVAILABLE 54 6c . .

a Public Radio PrOgramming, Fiscal Years 1978-82 u.r.c, Quick Reference

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1980 1982 ' f - Z

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