Opioids and Methamphetamine in Billings, MT Amy Trad
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Opioids and Methamphetamine in Billings, MT Amy Trad Applies a systems-approach to problem solving that allows for Longwood, FL Furman University AmeriCorps VISTA more comprehensive and Community-Wide Opioid sustainable solutions to complex Just north of Orlando Sustainability Science and Methamphetamine and Philosophy problems. Response Initiative Nick Fonte Possesses a passion for building relationships and destigmatizing Freehold, NJ Furman University AmeriCorps VISTA mental health issues which has Community-Wide Opioid facilitated multiple avenues for the Central New Jersey Political Science and and Methamphetamine International Affairs project’s collaboration throughout Response Initiative Billings. Community-Wide • BMVP founded in 2009 by Community Development Division Opioid and • Sponsored by Corporation for National and Methamphetamine Community Service Response Initiative • Focus on capacity-building to alleviate poverty • Foundation of a three year project • Assessment, Education, Prevention, and Intervention • Community Assessment • Resource Mapping • Data Collection Methamphetamine Opioids • Methamphetamine is a powerful, highly addictive • Opioids are a class of drugs that include the stimulant that affects the central nervous system. illegal drug heroin, synthetic opioids such as Also known as meth, chalk, ice, and crystal, among fentanyl, and pain relievers available legally by many other terms, it takes the form of a white, prescription, such as oxycodone (OxyContin®), odorless, bitter-tasting crystalline powder that hydrocodone (Vicodin®), codeine, morphine, and easily dissolves in water or alcohol.¹ many others.¹ • Methamphetamine can be consumed orally, • Misusing your own prescription or using a snorted, smoked, or melted down in solution and prescription opioid not prescribed to you are injected both considered opioid abuse • As a powerful stimulant, a methamphetamine high • As a depressant, an opioid high can be can be characterized by erratic, paranoid, even characterized by drowsiness, delayed reaction aggressive behavior, often lasting for days time, and slowed breathing • “Chasing the Dragon” • “Dopesick” Dopamine • Dopamine (DA) is one of the brain’s neurotransmitters—a chemical that ferries information between neurons. Dopamine helps regulate movement, attention, learning, and emotional responses. It also enables us not only to see rewards, but to take action to move toward them. Since dopamine contributes to feelings of pleasures and satisfaction as part of the reward system, the neurotransmitter also plays a part in addiction.2 How many Billings Police Out of 787 Yellowstone Of 5,908 treatment Department drug offense County high school admissions in 2015, in Perception cases were there in students surveyed, how order, what were the top 5 October of 2018? many have used either primary substances of heroin, meth, or misused abuse? What impact do drugs like a prescription opioid? prescription opioids and methamphetamine have on the Billings Community? 69 cases were drug 157* 1. Alcohol offenses 2. Methamphetamine 3. Marijuana 4. Opiates 5. Heroin *some students using one drug, may be using more than one and are counted twice Data gathered from BPD LERMS, YRBS 2017, and TEDS Investigating Prevention Needs Assessment, Youth BPD: Project Safe VISTA Individual Risk Behavior Survey, Impact Neighborhoods Survey & Treatment Episode Data Set Substances Used Individual Other Alcohol Survey: Prescription Opioids Heroin Fentanyl Methamphetamine Substances 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 Used and Age of First Use 4%1% 6% 21% Age of First 7% Use 61% under 13 13-18 19-21 22-29 30-45 46 and above Incarceration Rate Individual 120 100 80 Survey: 60 40 Number of Individuals of Number 20 0 1 2 3 4 5 or more Incarceration Number of Times Incarcerated vs. Treatment Treatment Rate 120 Rates 100 80 60 40 Number of Individuals of Number 20 0 1 2 3 4 5 or more Number of Times in Treatment 8 (%) 10 (%) 12 (%) Grade County County County Risk Factors PNA Youth Community - Laws and Norms Favorable to Drug Use 39.1 47.9 57.6 Survey Data Community - Perceived Availability of Drugs 28.2 42.5 43.9 Question from PNA Survey Total 2018 (#) Total Family - Parental Attitudes Has anyone in your family ever Favorable to Drug Use 24 40.8 40 had severe alcohol or drug problems? [Answered Yes] 191 37% Peer/Individual - Early Initiation of Drug Use 18.6 29.6 40.3 Use methamphetamines (meth, ice, crystal, or speed) [answered Peer/Individual - Attitudes no risk]? 20 3.6% Favorable to Drug Use 26.6 57.8 54.7 Have 5 or more drinks of an Peer/Individual - Perceived Risk of alcoholic beverage once or Drug Use 55.4 72.1 68.4 twice a week [answered no risk]. 50 9% Peer/Individual - Intention to Use Drugs 28.2 52.1 64 Use prescription drugs that are not prescribed to you Peer/Individual - Friend's Use of [answered no risk]. 23 4.1% Drugs 27.6 39.2 32.4 Students at High Risk 30.9 44.4 44.2 YRBS Data: Yellowstone County Student Lifetime Substance Abuse YRBS Youth 16.00% Alcohol (at least 1 drink) Survey Data 14.00% Marijuana 12.00% Heroin 10.00% Methamphetamine 8.00% % of Students of % Synthetic 6.00% Marijuana Prescription Meds 4.00% (w/o Rx/misuse) 2.00% 0.00% 1 or 2 3 to 9 10 to 19 20 to 39 40 or more Number of Times Used Montana Treatment Admissions Aged 12 and Older (Primary Substance of Abuse) 2% Montana 19% 26% 17% Treatment 9% 25% Episode Alcohol Only 2% Alcohol & Secondary Drug Heroin Other Opiates Marijuana/Hashish Methamphetamine/ Amphetamines Data Set Other Montana Total Treament Admissions by Age 1200 1021 980 1000 774 800 680 670 600 502 440 405 400 257 179 200 0 12 - 19 20 - 24 25 - 29 30 - 34 35 - 39 40 - 44 45 - 49 50 - 54 55 - 59 60 Years Years Years Years Years Years Years Years Years Years and Older Drug Type Number of Charges Weight/Amount BPD Drug Methamphetamines 51 203 g Amphetamines 3 102 g Marijuana 54 51.8 g Data Dive: Heroin 2 46 g Cocaine 1 4.2 g Prescription Opioids 6 51.5 pills Other Pills 2 43 pills Clonazepam 2 20 pills October Alprazolam 4 19 pills Benzonatate 1 15 pills 2018 Ecstasy 1 2 pills Results Total Drug Offense Cases in October 2018 69 Total Cases in October 2018 1446 Percentage that were Drug Offense Cases 4.77% Drug Type Number of Charges Weight Methamphetamines 48 43.1 g Methamphetamines – Liquid 2 10 mL BPD Drug Amphetamines – Liquid 1 30 mL Marijuana 35 168.35 g Heroin 8 4.4 g Data Dive: Heroin – Liquid 1 60 mL Cocaine 2 0.2 g Psilocybin Mushrooms 1 3.1 g Prescription Opioids 8 97 pills Fentanyl 1 32 pills November Prescription ADHD Medication 2 10 pills Prescription Sedatives 6 24 pills Antidepressants 3 39.5 pills 2018 Prescription Muscle Relaxant 2 5 pills Gabapentin 2 4 pills Results MDMA 1 n/a Total Drug Offense Cases in November 2018 82 Total Cases in November 2018 1505 Percentage of Drug Offense Cases 5.45% October 2018 Initial Cause of Drug Offense Incident Unknown PFMA Runaway Theft from Vehicle Burglary Shoplifting Disturbance TSA Overdose Witness to Drug Use Suspected Drug Use Drug Investigation Suspicious Person/Activity Welfare Check Suspect Investigation – Theft Suspect Investigation – Felon in Possession of Firearms Suspect Investigation – Evading Officers Warrant Investigation Probation Search Car Accident Fictitious Plate Traffic Stop 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Number of Cases November 2018 Initial Cause of Drug Offense Incident Welfare Check CPS Welfare Check Runaway Investigation Order of Protection Violation Parole and Probation Search Illegal Possession of Firearm Stolen Firearm Investigation Suspect Investigation – Felon in Possession of Firearms Forgery/Fraud Burglary Shoplifting Motor Vehicle Theft Disturbance Trespassing Suspicious Person/Activity Suspected Drug Use Witness to Drug Use Observed Drug Sale Overdose Drug Investigation DUI – Welfare Check DUI – Accident DUI Fictitious Plate Hit and Run Traffic Stop 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Number of Cases Race of Case Suspects 80 70 60 50 BPD Drug 40 30 20 10 Data Dive: 0 White Black American Asian/ Pacific Hawaiian/ Hispanic Unknown* Indian/Alaskan Islander Pacific Islander Native October November 3 Demographic Billings, MT Racial Breakdown Results Resident Status Number of Case Suspects* October November Age Number of Case Suspects* in Age Range Resident (Billings) 82 92 October November Transient 12 21 13-17 14 8 Resident (County) 3 3 18-21 16 10 Non-Resident 11 9 22-29 24 32 Unknown 1 2 30-40 36 46 41-50 *One of the “unknown” race individuals was the owner of a found purse containing drugs and paraphernalia 17 19 with no ID, while the remaining three “unknown” race, race was unknown. 1 American Indian and 7 White individuals were classified as informational (7 males and 1 female), and 3 White 51 and above 2 10 and 1 Hawaiian/ Pacific Islander were classified as witnesses however all were present at time of crime and involved. Average (mean) Age of Suspect 31 33 20 Building on our Conclusions Successes and Shortcomings If you are in recovery, what has helped you most? Individual Survey Responses Successes • Conversations – Community Innovations – Substance Abuse Connect • Law Enforcement Initiatives – Pro-active Policing – Project Safe Neighborhoods • Intervention Strategies – Treatment – Peer recovery groups – Meetings – Drug Treatment Court • Availability of Resources – Food, Clothing, Shelter What recovery services have you been unable to find in Billings? Individual Survey Responses • Resource Maps Gaps Identified – Increasing Accessibility – Updated organization information forms for MT211 • Education and Prevention – Gen Z Influence Meter: “Parents ranked highest for delivering effective anti-smoking, anti-alcohol, and anti- drug messages” with teachers ranking at a close second • Intervention – 17.6% of individuals surveyed, report having contracted an illness from unsterile intravenous drug use (i.e.