434 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, MAY 9, 1892.

VII.

NOTICE OF A BRONZE BELL OF CELTIC TYPE AT FORTEVIOT, PERTH- SHIRE. BY JOSEPH ANDERSON, LL.D., ASSISTANT SECRETARY AND KEEPER OF THE MUSEUM.

The bronze bell now exhibited by the kindness of Rev. James Auderson, D.D., minister of Forteviot, has been brought to light by' the a worthobservan f o ye ey t Corresponding Member of the Society, Kev. John Maclean, minister of Grantully, to whom e walsar eo indebtee th r fo d discover e bronzth f yo e belf o l Little'Dunkeld, describen i d e Proceedings,,th vol. xxiii. p . 11.8. The Forteviot bell (fig) 1 . strongly resembles the Little Dunkeld bell in its general character largers i t ,bu , measur- ing 11 inches in height, in- clusive of the handle, which rises 2| inchesp abovto e th e of the bell. The body of the Fig . Bronz1 . e Bell, Forteviot (\). bel s thui l Js8 inche heighn si t e usuaan th inched7 f lo quadrangulawidte n mouths i i th t t hI a . r form, with a strong, heavy handle set on the rounded top of the bell, so that the upper part of the loop is horizontal and the sides bent inwards. t I make e fift f th thesso h e Celtic bell f bronzo s knoww eno Scotn ni - land, the others being—(1) the belief St Fillan of Glendocharfc; (2) the bell of St Eonan or Adamnan at Insh on the Spey; (3) the bell of t FinaS f Eileano n Finan Locn i , h Shiel, Ardnamurchane th ) (4 d an ; bel f Littlo l e Dunkeld, before mentioned. e bel f FortevioTh o l t differ e othes th fro l rm al bronz e bells known ni NOTICE OF A BRONZE BELL OF CELTIC TYPE. 435

Scotland, in having on the centre of one of its flat sides the letter M formed in relief as part of the casting. There is a quadrangular bronze bel Irelandn i l s fla, it whic tf o side e hn inscriptio a sbearon n o s - re n questing " a prayer for Cumascach, the son of Aillell." This Cumascaclr wae steware th Celtis th f o cd monaster f Armagh yo s deat hi s d hi an , recorded in the year 904, so that the inscription is later than the com- mencement of the 10th century. Judging from the form of this letter M on the Forteviot bell, an earlier date than this could scarcely be e executioth t rudo s Bu assignes eni tha. it t wouli to dt unwise db o et lay much stress on the characteristic form of a single letter. The general design of the bell itself is suggestive of a later date than the bell of St Pillan, which is probably the oldest of all the bronze bells of Scotland s certainli d an finese , th ydesign i t workmanshipd nan e Th . bell f Littlso e Dunkel Forteviotd dan , however, have suc familha y like- ness as to suggest that they both belong to the same local group, as well as to the same period of time—a period when the Celtic Church in Scotlan d lonha dg ceasee Irisb n anythin i ho t s d origi it t nbu g and traditionary usages, and probably after the emergence of the Scottish Church from "servitude unde e laws'anth r d custom f the-Pio s c tsn "i centuryh 9t e th . Fortevio s fro n earlwa ma t y perio residencda e Pictisth f eo h kings. e legent AndreS Th f o d w represent t followerEegulus S s hi d s an sa s proceeding to Forteviot with the relics of the holy apostle immediately after their landing at Kilrymont (St Andrews) in 761. King Hungus ha dn expeditioa gon n o e n into Argyle t thebu ,y foun thres dhi e sons residing at Forteviot. These princes are said to have given the tenth t parAndrewerecte holn e S f tha o th td y me t d an d" an ,d town Go o t " a cross in' commemoration of the gift, and gave their blessings to the royae th o lt plac familyd ean , whose abod t wasei . Then they weno t t Kindroche Braeman s i t hi l al meeo t rkine d th tan g return s e oh n hi d an , nobles prostrated themselves befor t e relicAndrewS th e f so , which were there shown to them"; and he gave that place to God and St Andrew, and built a church there. Then he came over the Mounth to Monichi, and there, in honour of God and the blessed apostle, he built a church; and so .the king came with the holy men to Forteviot and built there a 6 43 PROCEEDING SOCIETYE , 18929 TH Y F . O SMA ,

church (basilica) to God and St Andrew. The church erected at Forteviot is styled in the legend a " basilica," while the others erected at Kindrochet and Monikie are specified by the common term " ecclesia," narrative th d thay an sa et o afterwardgoet n so s they wen Kilrymono t t t Andrews(S passind an ); n processioi g n seven times roun a gread t part of that place, he gave it to God and St Andrew for the construction ther f churcheeo s (basilicas oratoriesd an ) e "townTh . r "urbso " f o " Forteviot, mentioned as the" abode of the royal family, would be the king's " rath fortifier "o d residence churcy an d h erectean , t thada t time would probabl withie yb fortifiee nth d precincts r StuarD . t considered that this royal residence was the Dun Fothir of the Irish annals, which j is'state havo dt e e sugtwich A4 d ;eD. 69 an suffere, d an d1 sieg68 n ei gests that the namy mea e du'n-oma enth f th ee men districtth ^f o r ;o Kine th Fortren f f ogo o r tera , m latterly synonymous wit kingdome hth ' e southern'PictSoth f ; Fothuir-tabaich r Fortevioo t s mentionei t d in Pictise th on f eo h chronicle splac e asth e where Drust e lasth , t kinf go the Picts, was killed; though other chronicles place this event at Scone; Kenneth Macalpin e Scoti th e firs f ^th o ct dynasty succeedeo ,wh d Drustj died "in-palacio'su Fothuir-tabaichte od S60n "i i s e reigIhi n th f o n successor Donald , Gaedhee "th l established with their kin Fortevion gi t the rights and laws of the kingdom of A6dh, son of Eocha," which Dr Skene explains referrins 1a e establishmenf successioth o o w gt la e nth f o t in use among the Scots, which iii its preference of the male over the female successio s oppose wa n e Picts e transactio th o that dTh f o .t n seems to bear a close resemblance to that recorded as having taken place in the reign of Donald's successor; Cdiistantiiie, on the Mount of Belief at Scone, when " the King, with Kellach the Bishop; with the Scots, swor observo et law e disciplind eth san e faithth f ,eo ane righte dth th f so churches and the Gospels." r SkenD e states that Forteviot seem havo st e continue droyaa l resi- dence till the reign of Donald, the soil of Constaiitine; the fifth in succession from Kenneth Macalpin, when Scone becam e capitaeth r fo l e ancienth a t timetBu ;"palace t Fortevioa " t seem havo t s e been restored by Malcolm Carimorej and continued to be> at least occa- sionally, the residence of his successors. In the reign of Malcolm NOTIC BRONZA F O E E BEL F CELTIO L 7 43 C TYPE.

the Maiden (1153-65) we find a charter granted by him at Fetherteviet e landoth f f Eossivso Dundud ean Eadulo t f f Frebern amond an , e gth

witnesse Countese th e sar s Ada king'e th s s mother; William king'e th , s brother (who afterwards as king himself confirmed the charter) ; William of Egremont, and the usual officers of State. So late as 1306, and dur- e inEnglisth g h invasions Edward, Princ f WaleSeo j date lettesa r from Forteviot, in which he thanks Sir Aymer de Valence for his protection extende e monkth o f dCupat so AnguSn i r i At the west end of the village of Forteviot there is an eminence called the Holy Hill, from its traditional attribution as the site of the " palace " of the early kings, and consequently also the site of the early church dedicate t AndrewS o dt , from t frowhich s regano m it d l an ;associations , the popular epithet of " holy " must necessarily have arisen. The ruins which existed upon it in 1633, as mentioned by Adamson in The Muse's Tlirenodie, were supposed by him to be those of a castle-—mean-- in y thae royab g th t l castle—but evidenco thern s i e e that thers ewa ever a castle at Forteviotj and the royal residences of the time referred wero t e no't likel leavo yt remarkably ean e accumulation ruinsf so , unless thos f theio e r circumvallations s evei t nI doubtfui e churcheth f i l s whic t EeguluhS s persuade kine dth "o gt buil d " were edifice stonef o s , but they may have been succeeded at Some time much nearer the 12th century by churches of stone. That there was a church of stone at Fortevio comparativela at t y early dat suggesteis e facthe t thaby d a t great semicircular arched stone discoveres wa ' d more than sixty yearo ag s immediately under the Holy Hill in the bed of the rivet May, which the minister of the parish in 1772 described a§ "continuing to sweep away yearly more remainin th r les eo f so g ruins." This stone, whics hi t intarcfeen 4 fore a cu f oth f hto m o spa 2d 1nan inches high s carve^i d frone relieth n i n t o witf hcrosa s standin pedestaa n go l ovei centre th : e of the arch, having on one side the Agnus Deij and on the other a robed figur sittina n ei g posture, bare-headed witd an ,h both hands holdins ghi sheathed sword laid across his knees and his feet resting Oft aft animal. On the opposite side of the cross below the Agnus Dei are three figures habited in the same manner, but with helmets oh their heads and swords thein i r right hands stone Th evidentls ei . e super-portayth vera f yo l 438 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, MAY 9, 1892:

early church; .and lookin legene foundatioe th th o f gt do ne churc .oth f h of Fortevio e occasio th t Reguluvisie S n th f o t o f t no s wit e relichth f so St Andrew, there seems no great improbability in the suggestion that here we have not contemporary, but still very early, representations of the founder, King Hungus, and his three sons, who in their. father's absence "gave the tenth part of. that town to God and St Andrew," and received the blessing of St Kegulus for the gift. We also learn from legene t AndreS th f o d w that crosa ther s se wa erecte commemoran di - royathe tio l nof newly-erectegif landof the t to s d church. Thismay bea statemen . e takee b 12th-centur th o t nf o t y writer, writine th n gi spirit of his time. But there is a portion of the shaft of a cross, still existing in the churchyard, and there can be no doubt that stone crosses were erected (and probably before this writer's time o mart )e th k boundarie .-thf o s e lands, and. possibly alse sanctuarth o y e girthth f o , church of Forteviot. One yet stands on a rising ground called Bank- head, . near Dupplin Castle, and about a mile to the north of the Holy s beautifulli Hill t I . y sculptured wit hfigure. s and" Celtic ornament. Another -cross stood abou e sameth t . distanc e Holsoute th th f yho o t e Hill, on an eminence called Dronachy, in the grounds of Invermay.. It was broken to pieces some years before 1772, but it is satisfactory to learn fror RomillM m y Alien's " e SculptureReporth n o t d Stones," printed in,the present volume, that three.fragment t coverei f o s d with interlaced .work and key patterns have been discovered, and were shown to him .by-Rev r AndersonD . . "The ornament, e saysh " , "is well designed, and bears a marked similarity to that on the Dupplin cross." "We lear e earlmoro th n f yeo churc f Fortevioho t tile 12tth l h cen- tury, when King William the Lion granted the church of Forteviot and s titheit offeringd san Richaro t s f Stirlingdo s chaplainhi , , .folifes hi r - time, and after his death to the church of St Mary of Stirling (as the Abbey of Cambuskenneth was then styled) "for the souls of King Davi y grandfatherm d Henrd an ,fathery ym Malcold an , brothery mm , and my other predecessors and successors." ' By a separate charter of the same king, the canons serving God in Cambuskenneth had four acres of land give theo nt mFortevion i croftofd a s .builan o ta tt t d their house. son On September 20th, 1358, Thomas,-rector of Forteviot, signs a NOTICE OF A BRONZE BELL OF CELTIC TYPE. 439

notarial instrument attesting the promulgation of the bull of Pope Innocen . refusinVI t alloo t g e clergwth f Scotlanyo e bounb r o t ddfo the ranso f Kinmo gn 142 I Davi0 . II dNichola s Hunter, rectof o r Forteviot, was secretary to Bobert, Duke of Albany, governor of the kingdom. e land f Th Fortevioo s te Crow beginnine werth th e n n i i enth f go 14th century, whe lande n th f Kurdeno s Fortuvetd yan t were givey nb Eobert I. to Duncan Murdison. William of Forteviot appears in the Exchequer Boll n e i land 1358sd mil Th f an Fortevioo s.l t were bestowe Bobery Jamen b do . s illegitimatII t hi Stewart f o e on ,e sons Marioy b n Cardny, daughte f Joho r f Cardnyno Bishoe sisted th an ,f o rp of Dunkeld, with remainder to his brothers John and Alexander, the latter of whom also received at the same time a grant of the lands of Lunan. In 1476 the lands of Forteviot were in the hands of Giles Stewart of Lunan. The charters of erection of the barony of Cardross out of the eccle- siastical lands e thre, th &c. f eo , monasterie f Inchmahomeso , Dryburgh, and Cambuskenneth, in favour of John, Earl of Mar, in 1610 and 1615, specify the ecclesiastical lands of Forteviot and the Brewlands of the n 167samei d returne3s an ;Franci wa y dfathers Ha shi hei o t r, George Hn f Balhousieyo e land th d baronie n san i , f Balhousio s Duplid ean n d amongsan t other d lande vil an sth f l Kildonyng o s Templao tw e rth , crofts of Forteviot and the ecclesiastical lands of the same.