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Vetiver Grass Mission

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Vetiver Grass Mission Royal Messages Related to Vetiver* His Majesty the King’s Initiative of the Use of Vetiver Grass for Soil and Water Conservation Since His Majesty’s accession to the throne in 1946, King Bhumibol Adulyadej has devoted himself toward improving the prosperity of the people of Thailand. His Majesty is dedicated physically and mentally to development work for the sake of the nation. Both Thai people and other nationals recognize and are inspired by His Majesty’s enduring commitment. His Majesty heads the nation not only in constitutional terms, but also in moral terms. He considers himself to be a Thai who must share the nation’s sorrows along with its joy and who believes that all people, regardless of races, sex, age, religion or occupation, are entitled to a decent quality of life. Lke other Thais, he also believes he has an obligation to protect the country’s sovereignty and territory. From His Majesty’s perspective, this involves caring for the well-being of the people and enabling them to be self-sufficient. All people have a right to food, and ensuring household food security goes hand-in- hand with eliminating poverty. Keenly sensitive to this correlation, His Majesty has a strong interest in rural and agrarian issues, particularly for sustainable food production – of which soil conservation is essential. Indeed, rich fertilel and too often has become a wasted resource due to unsustainable humand interventions jeopardizing the future of the nation. For several decades, Thailand has experienced severe degradation of its natural resources – such as land and water – due to a veiety of reasons: deforestation, improper uses of soil resources and in general a lack of awareness for conservation and sustainable development. Consequently, soil erosion is a critical issue with 127 million rai (20.32 million ha), or almost 40 percent of Thailand’s total land area of 321 million rai (51.36 million ha), experiencing soil destabilization problems. Despite our knowledge of these adversities, deforestation, for instance, is still evident around the watershed areas in most regions of the country. The clearing of forests through logging results in open and unprotected land unable to absorb rainwater and leaves water catchment facilities shallow. The clearing of trees also deprives the land of its source of nutrients. Finally, during the rainy season, floods swoop up the topsoil and the land becomes totally unproductive. All this deterioration directly affects agricultural productivity, ecological systems and environmental conditions. Without the soil’s water-holdig properties, organic matter and other nutrients are washed away with the rain. Consequently, poor soil conditions hinder proper crop growth and sufficient yields. His Majesty’s work on development has focused on the conservation of natural resources in order to provide optimal sustainable benefit to human beings. His Majesty first prioritized the problem of topsoil loss in the northern part of Thailand. For many years, the King directed projects to conserve topsoil using different methods – planting large trees on high steep slopes and in some areas planting ground-cover crops. However, topsoil loss remained a problem. When His Majesty learned about vetiver, he became interested in its potential for conserving soil and water in Thailand. Vetiver is a grass with a fibrous root typically used for handicrafts and making perfume but also is recognized by indigenous peoples for its medicinal applications, thatching, and, most important in the present context, for soil moisture conservation. The vetiver root system penetrates deeply into the ground to form a net-like barrier capable of filtering silt and containing topsoil. Growing vetiver grass requires simple technology, low maintenance and is low cost, making it easy for farmers to utilize. * Text of the illustrated booklet, Glory to the Land – Third Edition, published by FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok, to celebrate World Food Day 2003, October 2003. 2 His Majesty first conveyed the idea of using vetiver grass to Sumet Tantivejkul, Secretary- General of the Chaipattana Foundation and the Royal Development Projects Board on 22 June 1991. He recommended that experimentation in growing vetiver grass to protect soil erosion be carried out at the Royal Development Study Centres and other areas across the country. His Majesty later added more ideas to the programme and followed the progress of the projects, as demonstrated in the following chronological compilation of royal messages dealing with research and development of what is regarded as a “miracle plant”. The Royal Messages The following text is a compilation of the royal messages delivered by His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej of Thailand concerning the use of vetiver grass for soil and water conservation. Generally, the messages were conveyed to senior advisors and research officials during royal visits to various projects sites around the country from 22 June 1991 to 21 February 2003. 22 and 29 June 1991: His Majesty’s initiative concerning vetiver grass was first received by Sumet Tantivejkul, Secretary-General of the Chaipattan Foundation and the Royal Development Projects Board, and other concerned persons at Chitralada villa, Dusit palace in Bangkok, with the following royal commands: Vetiver grass is a plant that has deep root system penetrating straight into the soil and spreading like on underground fence capable of filtering sediments and protecting soil surface runoff. Given these favourable characteristics, studies and experimentation on the cultivation and use of vetiver grass should be conducted at the Royal Development Study Centres and other appropriate locations on a wide scale, consistent with topographical conditions of the areas. On mountainous locations, vetiver grass should be planted as horizontal contour hedges across the slopes and gullies for protection against soil erosion and slippage and for the maintenance of moisture in the soil. On the plains, vetiver grass should be cultivated around or on cultivated plots, in one or two contour lines. When intercropped with field crops it should preserve moisture in the soil, absorb nitrogen and prevent toxic and other chemicals from flowing into rivers and canals. Moreover, vetiver grass should be planted around reservoirs to prevent the soil from collapsing into and filing up the reservoirs, as well as preserving the soil surface and the upper part of the reservoirs and accelerating tree growth in forest areas that receive adequate water. In addition, there should be a study on efficiency of vetiver grass in controlling the spread of the cogon grass. At the slope areas, vetiver grass should be planted to trap sediments and absorb chemicals and toxic substances before flowing into waterways. These substances are then stored in the root and stem until they transform to nutrient, which are utilizable by plants. It is important to photograph the vetiver grass before and after the experimentation. Additionally, the results should be recorded with respects to vetiver’s growth, i.e. stm and root, and its capability in conserving soil, increasing soil fertility and preserving soil moisture, as well as studies on different species and ecotypes of vetiver. 3 4 July 1991: His Majesty the King summoned Pramote Maiklad, Director of the Special Affairs Office, Royal Irrigation Department, and Police Colonel Theeradej Rodphothong, Director of the Huai Sai Royal Development Study Centre, to Klai Kangwon palace in Hua Hin district, Prchuap Khiri Khan province, to discuss using vetiver grass as a natural method for surface soil conservation. For years His Majesty the King has studied natural method for surface soil conservation. In many localities, crop cultivation often takes place on exposed surface soil, then working to losen the soil. This is not a natural way, and it may cause problems in the future. The royal advice to the Huai Sai Royal Development Study Centre was to farm without damaging the natural condition. This means to avoid tilling. Every project under the Centre’s supervision must use natural methods as a model. His Majesty studied World Bank documents on the use of vetiver for surface soil conservation and hence instructed the Huai Sai Royal Development Centre to experiment by planting and multiplying vetiver in different types of habitats, such as around the edge of the gullies, in the cashew-nut plots, on sloping land, along natural waterways by putting stones to form small weirs and planting vetiver on the lower front or on farm land by mixing it with maize cultivation. The royal instruction also included taking photographs of the situations before and after the vetiver trials to provide the evidence. All projects under the Huai Sai Royal Development Study Centre must do everything accordingly to provide a case for demonstration. 7 July 1991: Their Majesties the King and the Queen visited the site of the Suan Hat Sai Yai Project under His Majesty’s initiative at Pran Buri district, Prachuap Khiri Khan province. His Majesty suggested the project officials to: Grow vetiver as it is valuable for soil erosion prevention. It is particularly beneficial on steep slopes where it can conserve surface soil as well as accumulate organic matter in the soil. In addition, its young leaves can be fed to livestock. Following His Majesty’s recommendation, the project researchers started to collect native ecotypes of vetiver growing in natural habitats in the nearby areas. A few ecotypes were received from other places. They were multiplied and tested at various sites in the project area beginning in October 1991. 19 February 1992: During a dinner reception at Bhubhing Palace in Chiang Mai, His Majesty summoned the Commissioner of the Border Patrol Police General Headquarters and instructed him to: Plant vetiver at various operational sites under the supervision of the Border Patrol Police and also in the nearby villages, and then try to spread the cultivation throughout the country as vetiver has characteristics suitable for the soil conservation system.
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