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Bacia Do Amazonas RONALDO G. DE CARVALHO '\t , o}t ({,t' .v \tf^N BRAQUTOPODES DEVONIANOS DA BACIA DO AMAZONAS Tese Apresentada ao Concurso de Doutoramento do lnstituto de Geo- ciências da Universidade de São Paulo. DEDALUS-Acervo-lGC il|il I ffit ilil llill ilil llil |ilil llil lilil ffi [l[ ll ill 30900004727 uttwtnsi:1,ïrr -' Jf ,'.,.. t q'5 197 2 lNDrcE RESUMO I r¡lTRODUCÃO 3 S TSTB¡4IiTICA 'l'é cn i ca s 7 De rby i na B .Egr.anqè3 l2 Ppd_c¡-]ellg L6 RLrgspleEre 2A Tropidoleptu-Ð- 2!; åm€hiCg¡¡è 29 trcgyer!\rE 33 D j.scomyo+hi s_ 37 Pro to I ep to s tfg.p!!e 41 Mpgastrophi a 44 Artosp]_!ile! 46 uuc_rgEp¡IÉql Bly¡slelre]]e 57 Chône te 63 Strg.pleåÞyns.llus' . , " 67 I]ALEOII TOGBOGRAFIl\ l0 coRRELAÇÃo E rDADrr ;""... 76 APÊND]CE T .,......, ÖJ APËND]CE tr .. .. ,. " 96 E STAMPAS 702 BÏtsLT OGRAF TÀ L27 RBSUMO O objetivo principal. do pïesente trabalho ë um estudo de caráter sistemáti.co dos Ï¡ra quiöpodes devonianos do Estado do pará. O naterial- paraense procede das For maçoes Maecuru, Ereré e Curuá. Aproveito¡.I_se a ôporLunidade para revisar, tambêm, os braquiõpodes do devoniano da Co lombia e Venezuela¿ eue são tratados em apend r ces neste trabalhÕ. Vinte foram as espécies aqui assÍ naladas, as quais se di.striL¡uem pelos seguintes gê neross Derbyina, paranaia, podolella, Tropidoleptus, Plicoplasia, platyorthj.s, Amphigenia, Megastrophia, Protqleptostroph ia, !¿-qgg!ygI!htg, 4crospi ri fe r, Mu crospirifer, Rhynchone-lta, Chonetes e Streptofhyn_ chus . 2 Vários destes gêneros são aquf iden tlffcados pela primeira vez. A comparação da fauna de braquiópo- des do devoniano da Amazônia com a fauna Apalachiana dos Estados Unidos da Amêrica clo Norte, sugere uma idade possivel entre o Emsiano e Elfil_iano, pela pre sença dos gêneros Amphigenta, Discomyorthis, pl_ati- orthfs e Plicoplasía. O presente trabalho constitui revi- são compreensiva dos braquiópodes do devoniano da Bacia do Arnazonas desde as pubJ"fcacões pionefras de Rathbun, R. (L874; L878). INTRODUçÃO Os prfmeiros trabathos versando os fõsseis e â geologia do Devoniano da Amazônia, foram real-izados peÌos componentes clas Expedições Morgan (1870 e 1B7t) e da Comissão Geotögica do rmpérto do Brasil (1875 a 1B7B). Citam-se também, entre os tra balhos pioneiros dessa região, os de Derby (lg7g) , Rathbun (1874), Rathbun & Itartt (lg7B), Smfth (1879) e de Katzer (1897 e 1903). Segulram*se os trabalhos de Clarke (1900 e l9I3). Nos últimos anos, tem havido um con sistente progresso no conhecimênto da estratigrafia dos terrenos devonianos da Bacia do Amazonas, devido, principalmente, ãs pesquisas realfzadas pela petro_ brás naquela região. Nô tocante a macropaleontolÖgi a o mesmo não pode ser dlto, jã que ela acha-se estacío nada desde o últino trabalho feito por Clarke (1913). Recentenente, F. l^t. Lange ( 1966 ) resumiu o conhecimento geológico prévio a respeito dos terrenos devonianos da Bacia do Amazonas , aprg sentando a seguinte dlvlsão do Devoniano daquela re gião: Mb. faro Mb. CurirÍ 3. Formação Curuá Mb. Panacu Mb. Barreirinha Mb, Ariramba 2. Formação Ereré Mb. CâchoeÍra Mb, 1. Formação Maecuru Lontra Mb. Jatapu AGRADECIMENTOS De maneira direta ou indireta, tlvg a colaboração prestimosa de pessôas e instituições para a realização do presente traÌ:¡a1ho. Somos fmensamente gratos ao prof . Dr. Josué Camargo ¡{endesf Diretor do Instituto de Geociências da Universid¿rde de São pau1o, pela ori entação, criticas e sugestões na preparação da tese; ao Prof. Dr. Antonio Carfos Rocha-Campos e a profg. Mary Elizabeth B. C. c1e Oliveira pelo apoio e estÍ mulo , De um modo especial, somos agradeci dos ao Museu Nacional., pelo empréstimo de alguns braquiópodes do Devoniano da Amâzonas através do Dr" Candido Simões; a Fundação de ,\mparo a pesqui sa do Estado de São paulo (FApESp) pelo auxil"io fi nanceiro à excursão de campo no ano de 1971; a Coor denação do Aperfeiçoâmento de pessoal- de Níve1 Supe rior (CAPES) pela oportunidade que tive de exami nar a coleção de braquiópodes do Devoniano , perten cente ao Department of Geology, Oregon State Univer sity, USA, que na ocasião foi possÍvel interessan tes comparações dos espécimes estudados durante o estãgio de pesguisa realizado naquele departamento sob a orientação do plîof . Dr. Arthur Jâfles BÒucot. Ao Museu Gooldi n de BeIém dÕ pärá , estendemos tamb6m os nossos agradecj-mentos pelo em préstimo <ie alguns espécimes cle braquiõpodes fósse is do DevonÍano da Amazônia, através de seu Diretor, Dr. Scaff Somôs gratos também, ao Dr. Walter Carlos Marinho e Dr. Benedito Otávio Mel1o , peJ.a colaboração prestada, permitindo desta forma o exa me de algumas amostras da Fetrobrás r¡o dfstrito RENOR| em Belém do pará" A {:odas as pessoas e entidacles men cionadas acima, manifestamos a nossa profunda grati dão . SISTEMÃTICA Técn i ca s Na preparação dos fósseis empre^ gar:am*se nétodos mecânicos " Antes da oblenção dos mol.des d.e borracha 1íquida, teve-se o cuidaclo de banhar os es pêcimes em "solução de alvar',, a fim de protegê*los contra as injúri.as " Os moLdes de borracha foram Freparâdos com adição de tinta nanquin ao l_átex. Iìecorreu - se ao branqueamento dos moldes rle látex pot: meio da comhustão de magnésio p\lro, com o objetivo de obter-se maior côntraste principalmente com vista ã documentação fotográfica. DescriÇões os espécimes figurados são acom- panhados de um prefixo que corresponde ã.s iniciais das instituições que emprestaram o material para rer estudado: MN Museu Nâcion¿lL , RiÕ de Janeitîo GB " " MG Museu Goeldi , Belôm, pA. B Os nümeros que são utilizados pa ra ide ntj.f ic¿ìr os esp6cinres são provisóri.os. BIìACIIT OPODA Orclêm TtìREI3RATULIDÀ Sul)ol:clem CENTRONEI,LO I DIIA. Sr:1:er f ami l. Í.a STF:l:NGOCEPHAI,ACEA l(i_ng, 1850 Í'amî.1.ja ¡{UTAT ToNBLLIDÀll Cloud I Ig42 S Lìb f â.mï l. j_ a MIJTAT IONELLINÄE Cl.Õìrdr 1942 Gðnero Derbyina Cfarke, 191.3 p-%ÞylffS jame-siana (r{artt, lB74) lst:ampa 1 f j.9s. l-ll Retzia jglngei¿,"" ¡rarttr, }ìâthbun, 1874, p. 243, Es.h. X, f-i-qs" 23, 27 -. 38" .&g!?:ig j*Clepl_e"l rrarrr/ Rarhbun, IB7B, I?. 3I" -qgnt:I-onS_],1n jâìncsiana l{artt & tìathbur.r, Ka.'l-zel:, 1.903, p" 275, Est. X:[Tf f j.gs " 5aob,,c" 9glfHglr-,.J.,!a :g4g_EÌ"qa HarLr, Kärzer, 1897, pp, I e 1.5. Be!"T., 4. .1_¿rlgê_E+g11È t.Iarttr, C].ârl{e,, l-899" p" 96" o MateriaL : 6 valvas ventrais I valva d.orsal DescriÇão: Concha pequena, con- torno suboval, )riconvexa, apresenLando a sua maiôr convexidade na val-va ventral e a sua maior dimensão na direção Ìongitudi.nal.. O bíco 6 fino" curtô e elt curvado. Valva ventral3 A valva ventràI é mais profunda do qìte a valva dorsal., inj.ciando a sua maior convexldade a partir do primeiro terço dé seu comprimento, estenclendo-se pela região r:mbonal " O bicô ê fino, curto/ saliente, apresentändo-se le_ vemente encurvado projetando-se dorsalrnente. A ornamentação consistem em cos_ telas que variam ern nümero de 20 a 24, as quais são simples, fi.nas, arredondadas, separa<1as por sulcos de seção similar bem distintos na porção ant_erior da valva. Observam.-se l.inhas de crescimento subcoÌr cêntricas. a por:ção mediana da val"va âpre*. senta um sulco pouco rnais 1argo que âs côs.belas ad_ jacentes, al-ongando-.se por Loda a extensão da va1v.r, As placas dentais são curtas, fi nas e obliquas å linha carclinal. 10 Nos espõc:i.mes estud¿rdos por nõs " .l val.la vc¡ri.lra). a¡:r]escnta um comprinen.Lo vaj:j.ando de 6 ¡nrn ¿: -ì" 1 nlll cl Èr sua l.argur:a de 5 mm a l0 mn , !g.]*W*_49lÊ_+_lr .A vàlva dorsat ì,rpi:ôÈ;e f. ä: uin¿¡. j-ith¿r l d.e conLo:rno subcircr:1.¿¡r,,, cOtûve._ x:i.d¡rr:le j.l.tI:ùriö:r å.c¿ue1a apr.esent.ì.d¿1 peJ.a va.J-va vèn-" t.::: ¡;ì. ö l:¡ j.ci; ð f irro " " ùul:lÕ, de ¡:equeua curväì.tul.a fiiiÒ u11::]:;rlti,rssair¡,lO a 1j.n]ra r:ardinal " Âs ccstè1as nes sa v¿t.l.va c.:c;lr e sprLnclem em nûrne¡:o e :f,oição (f<¡¡:m.i) às ,l;r v;, t\i,r v,ri)l:1 ,t.l ¡ (, -iãu bcrn rlistint.as na por-.cäo arr_ trÉl: j.ot: ¡lù v¡ -l.ri;r t:Ûy.: andt¡._ s e, äs ve zes, em af guns es^ për:in<.:s e1l¿)sÊ c.fìlo :i. mpe::cept-ive j.s na regiäo umbonal, Cr:ri:es;;oncìcrrdo ¿:iö sulcr-¡ da väLva ventral, obset:v¿l* se n¿ì L j..rrh¿ì r'nôd:i.a da valva dorsal. uma cöst-eIa um pouc.io 1¿ì.i.$ .l.ai.:qtt c.¡ue ¿rs denais. () j.men.to cônìpr dessa valva nos e.s- r:s;tucladc¡s ¡:er:ini::,.; ¡ror: nôs âpt:erjeIì.Câ-se varianclo cle Ii mu ¿:t .1..[] lrrr¡ c ;.t J.ar_.gur:a cle 4 lìütì a {ì mm, Dei:hy (ì.890) forneceu a seguin_ tr:r cìr; sc:r'i j.yrtçL:ior ,¡Intet:,j_o:: -q:;ìo r:lo da cc¡nchar d.a v¿l l,v¿r r¡ent-::ä1, cóirt plac--as rlentaj.s un Lanto compr1das, fj.>i¿¡cl¿:* ;:ril 1l.u:rdo <1¿r val.v¿r e eEtendendo*se pa::a di i.r.n Ler ¿:Lc llliìu.qcn] a RXtrerÌì¿1 il;r plerca da charnei.ra da va.l- 1I va oposta'J rrlnterior da valva dorsal cÖm um compri.do l-aço reflexo estendendo-se um tanto a]6m do centro da vâlva" Os rarnö$ do laço stlrgem do in_ terlor da margem cardinal, pc,rëm as suas bases são unidas ãs margens afveol_ares por processos horizon* tais e ó espaço entre eles ô parcialmente ocupado por alongardas c¿rlosida.des a.chataclas que surgem das suâs margens: j_nternas e se enconträm ao longo da li nha mediana, onde a jurrção ê marcacla pôr uma sutura mais definida no lado inferÍor.
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