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W"to SAAI t by Republikang Pilipinas .~~j PANGASIWAANNGTUBIG AT ALKANTARILYA SAMETROMANILA MetropolitanWaterworks and Sewerage System Public Disclosure Authorized MANLA SECOND SEWERAGE PROJECT WORLD BANK - JAPANESE GRANT AGREEMENT TF 2252-3 PH Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized MARCH 1995 Public Disclosure Authorized 7~~ oEC ORIGC-NAL ENGINEERING CON&ZJLT-ANTS CC., L7J DctJC '-- ee-=rin Corncrarno Republikang Pilipinas PANGASIWAANNG TUBIG AT ALKANTARILYASA METRO MANILA METROPOUTAN WATERWORKS AND SEWERAGE SYSTEM 1 MANILA SECOND SEWERAGE PROJECT WORLD BANK - JAPANESE GRANT AGREEMENT TF 2252-3 PH If | ENVIRONMENTALIMPACT ASSESSMENT * | VOLUME 11 MARCH 1995 I 0 E C ORIGiNALENGINEERING CONSULTANTS CO., LTD. in association I with DCCD ENGINEERING CORPORATION APPENDICES TITLE APPENDIXNO. ENFORM 1 1 Analysisof SewageDumping in an OpenSea 2 Septage/SupernatantCharacteristics (MWSS-ADB Feasibility 3 Report 1991) Latest Laboratory Analysis of Septage/Supernatant 1994 4 Wind Direction/Wind Speed Data (January-December1993, 5 Port Area, Manila)Source: PAG-ASA Dagat-dagatan Septage Treatment Plant: Forecast and 6 Assessment of Impact Odor 6.1 Noise 6.2 Communications/Letters 7 Minutesof Meeting 8 Public Consultation Attendance List 9 PerceptionSurvey 10 SurveyForms 10.1 Survey Results 10.2 Traffic ImpactAssessment 11 1972 London Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution 1 2 by Dumping of Wastes and Other Harmful Matters at Sea l l I -I ~~~~~~Appendix1 | ENFORM 1 l I; I I ENFORM 1 DEPARTMENTOF ENVIRONMENTAND NATURALRESOURCES 4 PROPONENT : LOCATION: | SHORT DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT: 1. Is your project in any of those areas that fall under the category of "EnvironmentallyCritical Projects" which list appears as Annex A? I/ Yes I/No 2. Is your project in any of those areas within the identified "Environmnentally Critical Areas" which list appear as Annex B? I_Yes/ /No I hereby certify that the above infonnationare true to my knowledge,and I shall be held liable iffound to be untrue. Date Proponent I Processing fee P_ Official Receipt: I 4 The material in this appendix has been retyped verbatim from a copy of this form. Usage, spelling, and other errors transcribed from this copy bave not been corrected. 4~~~~~~~~~~~~. l ______ THISPORTION IS TO BE FILLEDUP BY APPROPRIATEDENR AUTHORITY TO WHOMIT MAY CONCERN: Thisis to certify that I is hereby exemptedfrom PD 1586 and that, therefore, the proponent can proceed with the implementationof the proposedproject, subject, however, to the conditionsattached to this certificateand other appropriateenvironmental rules and regulationsrequired by both nationaland local authorities. Given this day of ,19 ,at (PLACEDENR BY AUTHORITYOF THE DENR SECRETARY: SEALHERE) (Name & Designation) I I .1I I lI -l -I Appendix 2 I ANALYSIS OF SEWAGE DUMPING IN A OPEN SEA I I ,I I I I I I I I I I I ANALYSIS OF ST:WAGfl DLTUNtLPNciIN AN OP!EN SEA (PURELY UNDiERT'fl: [NFl.U> FJOOIL:AL CURRE.T Thc circulation of surfacc watcr au Lhe west coast ol Luoti. Island is generally in a northward vatesrn.. On lhe northern part orft)c wcst cn;st 01 'Luzon, the circulatioLnis ieflectedin the north west direction doii'n tiuc motis o(f December to March, is deslected in the north east direction. dutcinl thUu:moiiis of Jine t.o Sptemnber andi has a. clockwise eddy patxern during thiC[Inolithl Vl ifMay. Thc worst sceario in relaicon to Lhudumoipin.g or thie sewagzcwould have tht following, conditions: 1) The crrent during the months ot June to SpLcinber has a north east direction. This means that the tloaring scwaae cai be carried ;owards the shoreline. Thc flood curetI hasa aluuc of 1Lo.U A 0.i55 i5 mps). 2) The ide along the west cnast orOe IL..uu s ouu1 .teusnorthward is diurnai (on: high, one low). This means 1. im Of C10c2hn !o u or ebbing, however, thert are aiso s.ac;kpCriods dLuclo FlOws reversal. 3) The sewaga dcnsity is in the ranne o1.03Ot to L.5 t'm 3 . This is little above t e. sea density of the Philippiine Sca which t.%s a density of 1.02 to 1.024i/rn The sewage would iloat For sume LIMCi hefdre it sale%s. IT the sewagc is dumPed initially at thc stUrLol .fiooitnl. the Sewage would travc} some 2..25 km. toward tie shorc. The nexL period wiicn tihe flow reverses (ebbin.z) ttie sewagc would travel backward bv 1'7,8()kM aSWUrTinTthZat the ebb current is .8 o the tlood curent. The net tranmsortdistance ovur a uidaicvcie would then be•4.-5 km 711e. 5iLhC ful.11 di dsui'"i9 Jil iZ NuiIw40 km11. The settling of the sewag.eis considered to bc siiilar to an estuarial mud. The settlint, velocitynormally depends on thc co0c=nlratieOn.u11i sainity. With the expecrcd sewage Concntration of 40 - 65 ,II and the Phiiippine Se2. salinity of 33.3 ppt tht settling veiocity falls under hindered cosld'iion aLrough v:1ue of 0.-, mmJs (See Figurc heiow). In te hiLnderedcasc, the susmendedmattrial docs not ntasiivdispiace the water bencath it due to its high concentratmon. Howcvcr, it diiftusion takes piac- aftcr the dumpi-ng, Lhenthe concenrion dccrcases thus the CSCtlin2.vcioCiLY increases. X~~~~.1 , 1............} -.i _______-__.__ FPg.5. SErTLiNG AND CONSOLIDATION OF ZSTUAPLIAL MUDS Lines of equal settling velocity for varying concentration and sailnity I I I Appendix 3 I SEPTAGE I SUPERNATANT CHARACTERISTICS * (MWSS-ADB Feasibility Report 1991) I I I I I I U I I I I l l Table ' I Suary of Septic rank Parameters for Metro Man.i1. Characteristics of Septage Sludge and Septage Supernatant. i - ------------------------ -------- 4 -l ' Parameter Value ' ------------ ,____________________________________------ - INumber of Septic Tanks Ng (ea) 600,000 Nuinber of Accessible Septic Tanks Na (ea) 441,000 ',AverageSeptic Tank Volume Vs (Cu a) 6.0 iSeptageProduction Rate Qs (1/cap yr) 32 1 -4____________--------------___________---------------4 Table 1 identifies the average gross septic tank volume which has been calculated as the product of the length, the width and the depth, all interior dimensionr from the surveys of Reference C1.Q. Adequately designed and maintained septic tanks have four distinct zones. The upper zone is an air gap which allows ventilatior through the plumbing vent stacks and which is equivalent to about 15% of the total interior depth. The three remaining zones contribute to the effective liquid volume. The upper liquid zone provides storage aor the dense floating scum mat and is equivalent to about 15%-of the total interior depth. The intermediate zone- provides storage-for settled supernatant and is- equivalent -to about. 40%- of the- total i!Lterior -depth.. The lower liquid zone provides storage for heavy settled _'udge and is equivalent to about 30%- of the total interior-depth. A septic tank should provide a minimum of 24 hours of hydraulic retention time for effective treatment. By means of baffliag devices, the supernatant of the intermediate zone is discharged to the effluent sewerage line. Based on maximum sludge storage volume of 1.8 cu mr/sePtic tank., an average density- of 8.1 capita per septic tank and an average sludge generation rate of 32 l/Yr, the average septic tank will be filled with sludge in &. yearr. * :=hen septic tanks are adequately- maintained, the respective- reduction. in 5-Day Biochemical Oxygen demands (3OD5) and Total Suspended Solids (TTS) concentrations I can be as much as 30 per cent. Characteristics of Septage Sludge and Septage Supermataxt I The Description of Sampling Sites, the Summary of Complete Laboratory Results and the Laboratory Reporte are aesembled in the Appendices. Laboratory results for I . sludge, supernatant and supernatant heavy metals, respectively, are summarized in Table 2 . Table 3 and Table 4, .: U I Table 2 Summary of Laboratory Results for Septage Sludge / Characteristic Low , Number Mean ' High I , ' Value : of Tests! Value , Value ------ - ------------------------------------------------------- , :HydrogenIon Concentration,! 6.70 12 ' 7.00 7.79 iTotalSolids, TS (mgz/) 1,512 13 37,419 :312,747' :Total Volatile Solids, 860 13 24,608 ,21.0,166, 'TVS (mg/1) , I 1 !AmmoniaNitrogen, 134 134 134 I NH3N (mg/1) ' !Total Phosphate, / 1I 4.55 4.55 4.55' P04 (mg/i) Table 3 Summary of Laboratory for Septage Supernatant Characteristic " Low ; Number 1 Mean 1 High 1 Value : of Tests: Value : Value H,ydrogenIon Concentration,: 6.90 _ 7.03 7.46, -DisolvedOxygen DO (mg/l) ' 6 0 8 0 ' , - -;-r - ---- ==I 3 ,BiochemicalOxygen Demand,A '13 5,532 i 22 000D 198 5 day, BOD5 (.mg/i) - - Chemical Oxygen Demand, 845 1 13 12,807 55,2001 I COD I _TotalSolids, TS (mg/i) , 1,165 6 1 31,376 :152,828: Total Volatile Solids, 1 764 1 5 119,245 1 82,742: i 1'TYS(mg/i) ' . !Total Suspended Solids, 328 13 1 26,517 :112,000 TSS (mg/i) , !VolatileSuspended Solids, '13 111,965 54,328 98 ; ' ~~~~VSS( M61 ) ' ''----- '---- X' - w ~~~~',TotalDissolved, Solids, 1 12 7,030 1 72,288 1 188'.- !Settleable Hatter, 750 - 750 750 * * ~~~~St! ( 1/1 ) - ---- r AmmorniaHitrogen, A 44 14 209 1 725' NR3 (mg/i) |1 ,PhosphatesP04, (mg/i) 4.26 : 14 i 12.7c 29.501, :Sulfides,S (mg/i) 12 , 29.78 Bat.10i 4.00' (3reaeeand Oil, 9 1,493 , 5,640, 2001 I3', O & G (mg/1) ' ,' --------------------------------------------------- + I Table 4 Summary of Laboratory Results for Septage Superrzatant Heavy Betals I J _ _ _______---- ----- ------ ----- ----- ----- ------ ----- ----- ----- ----- Characteristic 1 Low Number Mean 1 High VValue of Tests: Value Value Iron, Fe (mg/1) 2 1,160 1,190 ,130 ,Copper, Cu (mg/1) 2 9 45 ' 13 1Zinc, zn (mg/l) ' 2 218 240 1 196 * Nickel, Ni (mg/1) 1 2.2 2 3.1 3.9 Manganese, Mn (mg/1) 2 15 20 10 I Cadmium, Cd (mg/1) 9 0.257 0.851 0.00210 Silver, Ag (mg/i) 0.08 2 ,0.Q 0.12 Mercury, Hg (ug/1) 9 4.24 28.00 0.00 'Lead, Pb (mg/1) 0.014 1 7 1 .988 1 8.7771 The septic tank sampling program started on 15 August 1991 and ended on 3 October 1991.
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  • Participatory Governance Institutions for Social Housing in the Philippines: Do Local Housing Boards Matter?

    Participatory Governance Institutions for Social Housing in the Philippines: Do Local Housing Boards Matter?

    Philippine Journal of Development Volume 45 (2018) Number 1 Participatory Governance Institutions for Social Housing in the Philippines: Do Local Housing Boards Matter? Marife M. Ballesteros and Jenica A. Ancheta¹ ABSTRACT This study documents the application of participatory governance for social housing in the Philippines through the local housing boards (LHBs). The interest to institutionalize LHBs in local government units (LGUs) has grown mostly in the country’s highly urbanized cities. LHBs are seen to involve communities in the decisionmaking process to bring about inclusive welfare and enhance social housing outcomes. Thus, they have an important role in the adoption of effective social housing policies and programs for the poor. This study shows that LGUs vary in their implementation of LHBs. Many cities created their LHBs only in compliance with the law while some LGUs established their own mainly on paper. These LHBs either become inactive or fail to follow the appropriate representation of people’s organizations and the communities. Other LGUs activate their LHBs only when there is a need to hasten the process of eviction and demolition in informal settlements. The LHBs in these LGUs have a limited role as an institution for participatory governance. On the other hand, social housing policies and projects that cater to the poor are evident among LGUs with functioning LHBs. There are representativeness, transparency, and openness in the local government for the housing needs of the vulnerable sector, resulting in the national government’s provision of budget for the development of inclusive local housing policies and projects. This is why LHBs should be strengthened as a participatory governance institution, which can be done through a legislative act that will empower them 1 Marife M.