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Jicaгs Information Collection Survey for New Manila International Airport in the Republic of the Philippines Final Report

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Jicaгs Information Collection Survey for New Manila International Airport in the Republic of the Philippines Final Report Republic of the Philippines Department of Transportation and Communications (DOTC) JICA¶s Information Collection Survey for New Manila International Airport in The Republic of the Philippines Final Report May 2016 Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Japan Airport Consultants, Inc. (JAC) Almec Corporation (ALMEC) 1R Oriental Consultants Global Co., Ltd. (OCG) JR 16-013 1USD㸻123.38Yen 1USD㸻45.157PHP 1PHP = 2.732 Yen June 2015 JICA¶s Information Collection Survey For New Manila International Airport JICA In the Republic of the Philippines DOTC Summary 1. Background 1.1 General In and around Metro Manila, there are five operational airports; namely Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA), Clark International Airport (CRK), Plaridel Airport, Sangley Point Air Base (SANGLEY) and Subic International Airport. NAIA is located approx. 10 km from the business center of Metro Manila, and is a gateway airport in the Philippines. NAIA handled approx. 34 million passengers consisting of 18 million domestic and 16 million international passengers in 2014. Also NAIA handled approx. 266 thousand aircraft movements consisting of 143 thousand domestic and 94 thousand international flights. CRK is located approx. 90 km to the northwest from the center of Metro Manila in the province of Pampanga. CRK handled 1.5 million passengers per annum in 2012, however, currently is handling less than 1 million passengers per annum, due to the fact that Emirate and Air Asia stopped their operations in CRK. As for the aircraft movements, CRK handled 26 thousand aircraft movements consisting of 1 thousand domestic and 6 thousand international flights and 20 thousand of general aviation in 2014. Plaridel airport is serving mainly general aviation, located in the province of Bulacan and approx. 35 km to the northwest from the center of Metro Manila. SANGLEY is located in the northern portion of Cavite peninsular and approx. 15 km to the southwest from Metro Manila. SANGLEY is being operated by the Philippines Navy and Air Force, however, SANGLEY is also accommodating some general aviation aircraft for the purpose of mitigating NAIA¶s capacity constraint. Subic International Airport is located in Olongapo city approx. 80 km. Once, Federal Express utilized Subic International Airport as a cargo hub airport. 1 JICA¶s Information Collection Survey For New Manila International Airport JICA In the Republic of the Philippines DOTC Figure 1-1 Locations of Airports and Airfields in and around Metro Manila 1.2 Airport Capacity Constraints NAIA handled more than 34 million passengers and 260 thousand aircraft movements per annum including general aviation in 2014, and it seems already to have reached the capacity limit. The trend of the air passenger movements in NAIA is upward in due course of high economic growth rate in the Philippines. Also high popularity of LCC airlines pushes runway capacity limitation as well, and this trend would be continuing in the short-term. Expansion of NAIA¶s property seems difficult. Mitigation measures are necessary as soon as possible in order to accommodate the vigorous air traffic demand. The Government of the Philippines had declared in 1994 to utilize CRK as a premier international gateway airport in the Philippines so that air traffic demand in the National Capital Region (NCR) would be handled by NAIA and CRK. However CRK is not fully utilized currently, the reasons behind the underutilization include lack of high speed railway access and unpredictable travel time to/from Metro Manila. 1.3 Alternative Solutions Examined In the wake of airport capacity constraints, following alternative solutions have been examined; i) Upgrading CRK to a Gateway Airport; and ii) Capacity enhancement of NAIA 1) Upgrading CRK There exists a large scale development plan named ³Clark Green City´, which is a new project converting the area into a new urban area. When ³Clark Green City´ development is realized, Metro Clark is also coming out in the future, and CRK is expected to accommodate the future air traffic demand induced from Metro Clark and northern Luzon area. 2 JICA¶s Information Collection Survey For New Manila International Airport JICA In the Republic of the Philippines DOTC Passenger terminal building of CRK was expanded in 2013 with a capacity to accommodate 4.5 million passengers per annum, and also there is a plan to build a new budget terminal building with 15 million passenger capacity as well. CRK airport property area is approx. 2,340 ha, sufficient for developing airport facilities of a gateway airport, and therefore, CRK has a large potential to accommodate the passenger and cargo demand spilled over from NAIA, on condition that travel time would significantly become predictable. Figure 1-2 Current and Future Direction of Urbanization around Metro Manila 2) Capacity enhancement of NAIA NAIA has been experiencing its runway capacity limitations during peak hours. General aviation (GA) is also being accommodated at NAIA. Because of the significant difference in the aircraft speed between the commercial and GA aircraft as well as wider separation space between large and GA aircraft, mixed operations of GA and commercial jet aircraft give adverse influence for maximization of runway capacity. Although NAIA¶s runway capacity has nearly reached its limit, there are some spaces to accommodate flights in the early morning and late evening because of insufficient air navigation and aeronautical ground lights facilities at local airports. In case these deficiencies at local airports are improved, the vacant slots during early morning and late evening could be utilized. 3 JICA¶s Information Collection Survey For New Manila International Airport JICA In the Republic of the Philippines DOTC There is possibility for international direct flights between foreign airports and local airports in the Philippines, because of the attractiveness of local areas such as Cebu and Bohol in Visaya, among others, after development of local airports. Financial incentive may somehow induce airlines to move to CRK instead of NAIA operation, but it is likely not to attract many airlines to move to CRK if this incentive measure is applied alone. Some other measures such as ease of taxation in case of the airlines utilization of CRK instead of NAIA, or in case of new airline¶s entrance to the market etc., it may make synergy influence. 1.4 Roadmap for Development of New Manila International Airport Alternative solutions should be realized immediately, otherwise NAIA would face capacity constraint in the near future. Although those measures could be undertaken, the air traffic demand of Greater Capital Region (GCR) in the Philippines would overwhelm NAIA¶s airport capacity sooner or later. Realistically, CRK is a position to accommodate over spilled air traffic demand of NAIA, and in this context, CRK should be develop in the short-term. ³Roadmap Study´ in 2013 showed necessity of New Manila International airport (NMIA) to cater for increasing air traffic demand of GCR. Until opening of NMIA, NAIA will continue to be the main gateway airport of the Philippine, while CRK will accommodate relatively smaller air traffic until Metro Clark generates demand. Following table shows image for development of the airport system for GCR. To cater for the vigorous air traffic demand for GCR, NMIA needs to be developed at an appropriate location near Metro Manila. Table 1-1 Image of Roadmap for Development for Airports in GCR Area Airport Immediate-term Short-term Medium-term Long-term NMIA Decision making by the Design & construct Site development and Inaugurate NMIA Government. Project revetment/reclamation construction of airport formulation such as and access bridge. facilities and related EIA/ECC, ICC approval. service/facilities. NAIA Improve airport capacity. Continue improvements Partially transfer some Close NAIA, or remain as required domestic operation to NAIA as it is. other airport. CRK Improve airport capacity. Continue improvements Continue improvements Continue improvements as appropriate to attract as appropriate to attract as appropriate to cater the overflowing airlines and overflowing airlines and passengers generated by passengers/cargo from passengers/cargo from Metro Clark. NAIA NAIA, and also generated by Metro 4 JICA¶s Information Collection Survey For New Manila International Airport JICA In the Republic of the Philippines DOTC Clark. Sangley Improve airport to Improve airport to Improve airport to or Other decongest NAIA decongest NAIA decongest NAIA Airport 1.5 Need to Scrutinize Site for New Gateway International Airport Terms of Reference issued by JICA indicated the candidate sites of NMIA as shown below. i) Angat-Pandi-Bustos located to the north of Metro Manila; ii) Obando, located to the north of Metro Manila; iii) Northern Portion of Manila Bay; iv) Central Portion of Manila Bay; v) Sangley Point Option 1 located offshore Cavite Peninsular vi) Sangley Point Option 2, located parallel to the existing runway at Sangley Point; vii) San Nicholas Shoals located to the south of Sangley; viii) Western side of Laguna de Bay; and ix) Rizal-Talim Island located in the central part of Laguna de Bay Each of the above-listed candidate sites of NMIA has its advantages and disadvantages in terms of social and environment issues, characteristic of soil conditions, topography, and so forth. Site selection for large scale airport nearby Metro Manila requires evaluation from many aspects such as airspace availability, obstacle restriction, weather
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