DOCSLIB.ORG

Sheep-Work: Food Empires and Pastoral Resistance

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sheep-Work: Food Empires and Pastoral Resistance CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by The University of Utah: J. Willard Marriott Digital Library SHEEP-WORK: FOOD EMPIRES AND PASTORAL RESISTANCE IN THE INTERMOUNTAIN WEST by Katy Savage A thesis submitted to the faculty of The University of Utah in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Environmental Humanities Department of English The University of Utah December 2010 Copyright © Katy Savage 2010 All Rights Reserved The University of Utah Graduate School STATEMENT OF THESIS APPROVAL The thesis of Katy Savage has been approved by the following supervisory committee members: Stephen Tatum, Chair 05/06/2010 Date Approved Anya Plutynski, Member 05/06/2010 Date Approved Kathryn Stockton, Member 05/06/2010 Date Approved and by Stephen Tatum , Chair of the Department of English and by Charles A. Wight, Dean of The Graduate School. ABSTRACT The following thesis is an attempt to analyze current and historical patterns of violence through the lens of a species of domesticated animal--sheep. I begin by setting down some founding provisions of the economic, political, and social systems within which sheep-work emerged, briefly tracking some of the historical roles sheep have played in the displacement, alienation and domination of other humans by others, from the time of sheep-domestication to the Mormon conquest of Utah. In this trajectory, sheep, embodying cultural ideals of „property‟ and „work,‟ show themselves repeatedly as able tools of land-theft and genocide. This analysis then opens the way to explore how these same beasts, and the same attempts to set down the meanings of „property‟ and „work,‟ have been necessary for resistance movements to these atrocities, which clarifies the central importance of food-economies in political and racial conflict. This sets the stage for my second chapter, which explores the forces of oppression in modern sheep- work and its related industries, linking this oppression back to the historical devaluation of food-work. Finally, because I write this in the urgency of ecocide, the privatization of the last remaining peasant commons, and the disappearance of agricultural skills in a forced march to the cities, my last chapter focuses on the paths of resistance brought to light by this analysis of sheep-work. Those same concepts of „property‟ and „work‟ which have for millennia been tools in the abuse of both humans and ecosystems open themselves up for radical renegotiation by „neo-pastoralists‟ and other food activists. This reconceptualizing work, carried out by those in active solidarity with both farmworkers and small farmers, holds out the promise of forming pragmatic, functioning communities where ecological care is born out of human egalitarianism and joined labor on the land, rather than through the urban-centered coerciveness of federal mandates which seek to „preserve‟ Nature by clearing „wilderness‟ of those who work there. iv CONTENTS ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………………...iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……………………………………………………………...vii INTRODUCTION.…………………………………………………………….………….1 How Can You Write About Sheep When We‟re At War?…..……………………......1 Writing from Sheep-bodies: An Explanation……………...………………………….5 Chapters 1 PECUNIARY HISTORIES.......................................................................................14 Hope in the Bookends of Copenhagen………………………………………………14 Property and the Origins of Sheep…………………………………………………...17 Wealth Disparities and Sheep Displacements……………………………....……….20 Animal Property as a Taboo Body……………………………………….…………..28 Peculiar People: Sheep in Utah………………………………………………………32 Conclusions: Work as Genocide, Laziness and Theft as Resistance…….…….....…47 2 LONELY WAGES……………………………………………………………..…...55 Part One: Herding in the Intermountain West……………………………………….58 Methods and Cast….............................................................................................58 Sheep-Work Written: Loneliness and Nostalgia………………………………...64 “Change This to 21st Century”: Encounters with the Herders of the Intermountain West…………………………………………………………79 Ethnographic Notes on the Logic of Bottom Rungs…………………………….83 Part Two: Connections to Extended Food-Work...…………………………………93 Crops……………………………………………………………………………..93 Meat……………………………………………………………………………...98 Part Three: Arbeit Macht Frei……………………………………………………...107 Mooki and Work‟s Passivity…………………………………………………..107 Cities and Hinterlands…………………………………………………………110 3 FLOCKING……………………………………………………………………….117 Laziness, Theft, and the Animals that Make Us………………………………….122 Property……………………………………………………………………….122 Work……………………………………………………………………………133 Working Property………………………………………………………………137 Last Word…………………………………………………………………………..145 REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………………148 vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I thank first of all the two Peruvian herders, Estaban and Rodolfo, who invited me into their campo and shared their instant coffee and dinners of beans and spam. More than that, they shared their stories and ideas. I likewise thank the Powell family for letting me into their lives, onto their land, among their livelihoods, when they likely had their reasons to distrust city environmentalists. I thank the young Powells in particular for being brave and strong, courteous and capable, and reminding me why I keep returning to rural Utah as a place of hope, even as the city institutions lure me away temporarily. I thank the many other pastoralists I bumped into in this research, caring for their beasts and creating beauty in the Uintah mountains, Wasatch suburbs or Navajo desert. Thank you for ignoring or combating the urban denigration of your actions as “unskilled labor,” and for passing on your knowledge and skills to us in the next generation of food-workers. I also thank those in academic institutions that helped me, taking a chance on work that at times bordered on unacademic and anti-institutional. Folks at the University of Utah were extremely generous throughout my work here, providing me space and resources to track the lines of my thought. My gratitude goes to Terry Tempest Williams for opening me to my animal self and coaxing out my bravery. Also I thank the members of my committee: Steve Tatum for a blessed openness to unconventionality, for his encouragement and drawing of connections; Anya Plutynski for her polite but dogged insistence on clarity and thorough questioning; Kathryn Stockton for her cheerful demolition of „balance‟ and „normality‟ in pursuit of a body‟s reality. I also thank those at the Charles Redd Center for Western Studies at Brigham Young who helped fund much of my archival research and ethnographic work with herders. My deep gratitude goes to the hospitality of the land, the forests and streams. The border collies and ruined Grand Pyrenees who kept me company, the sheep on the mountain and the mountain herself. I thank my family for making my roots so beautiful I can‟t unhinge myself. And for Tristan, my partner, playmate, and co-conspirator. For cooking our dinners on camp stoves and translating the words of workers I didn‟t understand. For reading and critiquing drafts while sheet-mulching the yard. For your tireless questions and your irrational confidence that my work with small ruminants is important. For letting your roots grow into my Utah and allowing the border collie pup to sleep in the tent with us. For your own incomparable mind and a lot of fun. Thank you for all of this, and the more I didn‟t write. Let‟s get to work. viii INTRODUCTION How Can You Write About Sheep When We‟re At War? “Trophy photos of U.S. military personnel terrorizing Iraqi prisoners in Abu Ghraib prison in 2004 showed, among other things, a naked Iraqi man on all fours, with a leash around his neck, and prisoners cowering before German shepherd dogs. Cruelly, the dog is made to function as a racist prosthetic of the U.S. military‟s power to animalize „the other,‟ a power that applies in the first instance to the animal itself.” (Shukin 10, emphasis in the original) When I met Ian in Boston, he said we would go to Paul Revere Square to see a fence of blank dog tags, memorial to the dead and wounded soldiers of two wars. Instead we sat talking at a café, me sipping limp chai while he drank some soy-orange concoction (he‟s nervous enough without caffeine, he says). Gentle-eyed Ian was a member of Iraq Veterans Against the War, planning protests for the 2008 Democratic and Republican Conventions. I was in Boston for a conference on the abolition of nuclear weapons. But instead of foreign policy or protest tactics, we talked of sheep. He told me that once we ended the wars, he would leave the city and raise Navajo-Churros. Ian told me what he learned as a soldier in Tal Afar in between missions, when he was on-line looking up the milking capacity and wool-growing rates of different heirloom breeds. I told him what I learned as a student, camping in rural Utah with Peruvian sheepherders and border collies; or huddled—sun-baked and wind- whipped—in the back of a pick-up on its way to the Navajo Nation to see the Navajo- 2 Churros in Tuba City, AZ. When an ambulance hurried down the bent road Ian‟s palms came up hard against his ears. He shivered. The husky leashed to the next table howled. Ian and his brothers in the black IVAW shirts have lived through moments I couldn‟t understand. My life has been, after all, the most sheltered, in a Mormon, upper- middle class, suburban, white-dominated community. But if my sheepish ambitions correlate with those of an east-coast war veteran,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • UMNP Mountains Manual 2017
    Mountain Adventures Manual utahmasternaturalist.org June 2017 UMN/Manual/2017-03pr Welcome to Utah Master Naturalist! Utah Master Naturalist was developed to help you initiate or continue your own personal journey to increase your understanding of, and appreciation for, Utah’s amazing natural world. We will explore and learn aBout the major ecosystems of Utah, the plant and animal communities that depend upon those systems, and our role in shaping our past, in determining our future, and as stewards of the land. Utah Master Naturalist is a certification program developed By Utah State University Extension with the partnership of more than 25 other organizations in Utah. The mission of Utah Master Naturalist is to develop well-informed volunteers and professionals who provide education, outreach, and service promoting stewardship of natural resources within their communities. Our goal, then, is to assist you in assisting others to develop a greater appreciation and respect for Utah’s Beautiful natural world. “When we see the land as a community to which we belong, we may begin to use it with love and respect.” - Aldo Leopold Participating in a Utah Master Naturalist course provides each of us opportunities to learn not only from the instructors and guest speaKers, But also from each other. We each arrive at a Utah Master Naturalist course with our own rich collection of knowledge and experiences, and we have a unique opportunity to share that Knowledge with each other. This helps us learn and grow not just as individuals, but together as a group with the understanding that there is always more to learn, and more to share.
    [Show full text]
  • The Secret Mormon Meetings of 1922
    University of Nevada, Reno THE SECRET MORMON MEETINGS OF 1922 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History By Shannon Caldwell Montez C. Elizabeth Raymond, Ph.D. / Thesis Advisor December 2019 Copyright by Shannon Caldwell Montez 2019 All Rights Reserved UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA RENO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL We recommend that the thesis prepared under our supervision by SHANNON CALDWELL MONTEZ entitled The Secret Mormon Meetings of 1922 be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS C. Elizabeth Raymond, Ph.D., Advisor Cameron B. Strang, Ph.D., Committee Member Greta E. de Jong, Ph.D., Committee Member Erin E. Stiles, Ph.D., Graduate School Representative David W. Zeh, Ph.D., Dean, Graduate School December 2019 i Abstract B. H. Roberts presented information to the leadership of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in January of 1922 that fundamentally challenged the entire premise of their religious beliefs. New research shows that in addition to church leadership, this information was also presented during the neXt few months to a select group of highly educated Mormon men and women outside of church hierarchy. This group represented many aspects of Mormon belief, different areas of eXpertise, and varying approaches to dealing with challenging information. Their stories create a beautiful tapestry of Mormon life in the transition years from polygamy, frontier life, and resistance to statehood, assimilation, and respectability. A study of the people involved illuminates an important, overlooked, underappreciated, and eXciting period of Mormon history.
    [Show full text]
  • The Frontiers of American Grand Strategy: Settlers, Elites, and the Standing Army in America’S Indian Wars
    THE FRONTIERS OF AMERICAN GRAND STRATEGY: SETTLERS, ELITES, AND THE STANDING ARMY IN AMERICA’S INDIAN WARS A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Georgetown University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Government By Andrew Alden Szarejko, M.A. Washington, D.C. August 11, 2020 Copyright 2020 by Andrew Alden Szarejko All Rights Reserved ii THE FRONTIERS OF AMERICAN GRAND STRATEGY: SETTLERS, ELITES, AND THE STANDING ARMY IN AMERICA’S INDIAN WARS Andrew Alden Szarejko, M.A. Thesis Advisor: Andrew O. Bennett, Ph.D. ABSTRACT Much work on U.S. grand strategy focuses on the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. If the United States did have a grand strategy before that, IR scholars often pay little attention to it, and when they do, they rarely agree on how best to characterize it. I show that federal political elites generally wanted to expand the territorial reach of the United States and its relative power, but they sought to expand while avoiding war with European powers and Native nations alike. I focus on U.S. wars with Native nations to show how domestic conditions created a disjuncture between the principles and practice of this grand strategy. Indeed, in many of America’s so- called Indian Wars, U.S. settlers were the ones to initiate conflict, and they eventually brought federal officials into wars that the elites would have preferred to avoid. I develop an explanation for settler success and failure in doing so. I focus on the ways that settlers’ two faits accomplis— the act of settling on disputed territory without authorization and the act of initiating violent conflict with Native nations—affected federal decision-making by putting pressure on speculators and local elites to lobby federal officials for military intervention, by causing federal officials to fear that settlers would create their own states or ally with foreign powers, and by eroding the credibility of U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • The Historianshistorians99 Corner
    the historianshistorians99 corner ronald W walker with dean C jessee this issue ofthe historianscornerHistorianhistorians cornersCorner prints three documents which shed lightfighthight on the first relations between the latter day saints and the native americans in the great basin the first document reports the conversation of dimick B huntington with the legendary ute chief walker the second is a letter from president brigham young answering walkers request for communication and the third records the resulting council that took place between the mormon and ute leaders together these documents introduce the reader to the personalities and themes that dominated mormon indian relations during the first years of the pioneer period when the cormonsmormons entered utah in july 1847 they chose to make their first colonies on the southeast rim of the great salt lake fifty miles north of the most prized land the fertile shoreline of the freshwaterfresh water fish laden utah or Timpanotimpanogosgos lake the cormonsmormons wisely shunned this land fearing the ute indians there known variously as the Timpanotimpanogosgos timpany or timpanawach bands these native americans had a reputation for aggressiveness with the white people who had preceded the cormonsmormons into the region within two years of the Morcormonsmormonsmons arrival in the great basin a Timpanotimpanogosgos band under the leadership of kone also known as roman nose caused serious trouble kone and his family had found the mormon cattle grazing at the southern end ofthe salt lake
    [Show full text]
  • The Circleville Massacre: a Brutal Incident in Utah's Black Hawk War
    Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive All Faculty Publications 1987 The irC cleville Massacre: A Brutal Incident in Utah's Black Hawk War Albert Winkler Brigham Young University - Provo, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/facpub Part of the United States History Commons Original Publication Citation Winkler, A. (1987). The irC cleville Massacre: A brutal incident in Utah’s Black Hawk War. Utah Historical Quarterly, 55(1), 4-21. BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Winkler, Albert, "The irC cleville Massacre: A Brutal Incident in Utah's Black Hawk War" (1987). All Faculty Publications. 1843. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/facpub/1843 This Peer-Reviewed Article is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Black Hawk and a historic marker at Payson, Utah . USHS collections. The Circleville Massacre: A Brutal Incident in Utah's Black Hawk War BY ALBERT WINKLER IN APRIL 1866 THE WHITE SETTLERS OF Circleville annihilated a band of captive Paiute Indians, including helpless women and children. This incident of the Black Hawk War of 1865-68 was the largest massacre of Indians in Utah's history. The mass murder seemed necessary to those who were anxious about possibly continuing Indian hostilities. The whites of Circleville had suffered dearly in a previous Indian raid and Dr. Winkler is an archivist in the Harold B. Lee Library at Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah. The Circleville Massacre 5 wanted to prevent a similar tragedy.
    [Show full text]
  • South Sanpitch Company V. Daniel Pack, Margaret A. Gunterman, Action Title Company, T.P
    Brigham Young University Law School BYU Law Digital Commons Utah Supreme Court Briefs 1988 South Sanpitch Company v. Daniel Pack, Margaret A. Gunterman, Action Title Company, T.P. Family Partnership, Hoffbuher Redi* Mix Inc., Willard M. Tucker, Phyllis 0. Tucker, and D Land Title Company: Brief of Appellant Utah Supreme Court Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.byu.edu/byu_sc1 Part of the Law Commons Original Brief Submitted to the Utah Supreme Court; digitized by the Howard W. Hunter Law Library, J. Reuben Clark Law School, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah; machine-generated OCR, may contain errors. Tex R. Olson; Attorney for Respondent. Brent D. Young, Jerry L. Reynolds; Ivie and Young; Attorneys for Appellant. Recommended Citation Brief of Appellant, South Sanpitch Company v. Pack, No. 880025.00 (Utah Supreme Court, 1988). https://digitalcommons.law.byu.edu/byu_sc1/1873 This Brief of Appellant is brought to you for free and open access by BYU Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Utah Supreme Court Briefs by an authorized administrator of BYU Law Digital Commons. Policies regarding these Utah briefs are available at http://digitalcommons.law.byu.edu/utah_court_briefs/policies.html. Please contact the Repository Manager at [email protected] with questions or feedback. BHIfcT JTAH )OCUMENT MO )OCKET NO. SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF UTAH SOUTH SANPITCH COMPANY, Plaintiff^Appellant, vs. DANIEL PACK, MARGARET A. GUNTERMAN, ACTION TITLE COMPANY, Trustee, T.P. FAMILY PARTNERSHIP, HOFFBUHER REDI* MIX INC., WILLARD M. TUCKER, PHYLLIS 0. TUCKER, D LAND TITLE COMPANY, and all unknown persons who have or claim any right, title, estate, lien or interest in the subject property, Case No.
    [Show full text]
  • Getting to Know the Utah Lake Ecosystem Benjamin W
    Getting to know the Utah Lake Ecosystem Benjamin W. Abbott1, Isabella Errigo1, Andrew Follett2, Gabriella Lawson1, Mary Murdock Meyer3, Haley Moon1, Kevin Shurtleff4, Joshua J. LeMonte5, Mary Proteau1, Kristina Davis6, Kaye Nelson6, Sam Rushforth7, Scott Abbott8, and Weihong Wang9. First published on July 29, 2021. Last updated on August 11th, 2021. Utah Lake is a huge and unique waterbody at the heart of Utah Valley. Though it is one of the largest freshwater lakes west of the Mississippi River, many in our community know little about its history, ecology, and importance to our future. As the population of our valley grows, we need to understand Utah Lake so we can preserve and protect this keystone ecosystem for future generations. While we know humans can live in harmony with Utah Lake (the Timpanogos Nation and their predecessors did so for thousands of years), the lake is facing unprecedented challenges. With 600,000 people now living in its watershed, Utah Lake has suffered major issues, including elevated trace metal concentrations, harmful algal blooms due to excessive nutrients, invasive species, and reduced water flow from diversions and climate change. Unfortunately, some people have tried to politicize the lake by making claims about its status and future that aren’t based on scientific information or environmental law. We often see opinion pieces and social media posts that seem to be describing an alternative reality where the lake is described as poisoned or dying. There are even proposals being considered by the state legislature that would destroy the natural characteristics of the lake with artificial islands and highways.
    [Show full text]
  • Timpanogos Cave National Monument Foundation Document
    NATIONAL PARK SERVICE • U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Foundation Document Overview Timpanogos Cave National Monument Utah Contact Information For more information about the Timpanogos Cave National Monument Foundation Document, contact: [email protected] or (801) 756-5238 or write to: Superintendent, Timpanogos Cave National Monument, RR 3 Box 200, American Fork, UT 84003 Purpose Significance Significance statements express why Timpanogos Cave National Monument resources and values are important enough to merit national park unit designation. Statements of significance describe why an area is important within a global, national, regional, and systemwide context. These statements are linked to the purpose of the park unit, and are supported by data, research, and consensus. Significance statements describe the distinctive nature of the park and inform management decisions, focusing efforts on preserving and protecting the most important resources and values of the park unit. • Cave System. The well-preserved, high-elevation cave TIMPANOGOS CAVE NATIONAL MONUMENT system showcases delicate ecosystems with an abundance protects a scientifically important of cave formations in a variety of forms and colors, providing opportunity for scientific discovery and intimate high-elevation, fault-controlled access to the resources. cave system and associated natural processes while promoting research, • Cave Geology. A unique intersection of geological processes public understanding, stewardship, continues to create the canyon and caves. This began with and enjoyment. rising hydrothermal fluids mixing with the water table dissolving passages and precipitating minerals along faults, resulting in an unusual combination of colored speleothems. • Cave Trail. The challenging 1.5 mile-long trail to the cave system ascends 1,067 feet, providing visitors the rare opportunity to hike through more than 200 million years of geologic time and immerses them in the constantly evolving landscape of American Fork Canyon and its rich diversity of wildlife and vegetation.
    [Show full text]
  • Uinta-Wasatch-Cache National Forest Is Where Civilization Meets the “Wild.” Metropolitan Areas and Get to Know Us
    inta-Wasatch-Cache NATIONAL FOREST U VISITOR GUIDE The Forest Next Door Logan River (© Mike Norton) Nebo Loop Road (© Willie Holdman) What’s Inside he Uinta-Wasatch-Cache National Forest is where civilization meets the “wild.” Metropolitan areas and Get»to»Know»Us»......................... 2 Tcommunities bordering the forest make up some of the Special»Places»...........................3 fastest growing areas in the Intermountain West. Quick, Scenic»Byways»&»Backways»......4 convenient access is available to forest visitors year-round, Wilderness».................................6 Activities».................................... 8 making the Uinta-Wasatch-Cache an intensely used Hiking».......................................»10 destination spanning backyard to backcountry. Roads and Winter»Recreation....................»12 trails lead visitors to natural settings and spectacular vistas Flora»&»Fauna»..........................»14 with fresh water and clean air. Know»Before»You»Go.................16 Campgrounds»&»Picnic»Areas...18 In winter, the “Greatest Snow on Fast Forest Facts Maps»........................................»24 Earth” draws people from around Contact»Information»................»28 »» Size:»2.1»million»acres,»from» the world. desert»to»high»mountain»peaks.» »» The»oldest»exposed»rocks»in»Utah» can»be»seen»in»outcrops»near»the» mouth»of»Farmington»Canyon.» orest lands have sustained local communities »» The»Jardine»Juniper»tree»is»over» for thousands of years. We recognize our role in 1,500»years»old»and»is»one»of»the» F finding balance and maintaining relevance, while oldest»living»trees»in»the»Rocky» Mountains. providing sustainable recreation for a diverse and growing population. This Visitor Guide provides the information you need to make the most of your Uinta-Wasatch-Cache National Forest experience. G et to Know Us History s “The Forest Next Door,” the Uinta-Wasatch- y the1890s many of the range and timber resources of ACache National Forest has long been sought after for its Bthe Uinta and Wasatch Mountains were seriously depleted.
    [Show full text]
  • Timpanogos River From: Utah Place Names
    Timpanogos River from: Utah Place Names TIMPANOGOS RIVER (Utah County). See Provo River below. PROVO RIVER (Utah County, Wasatch County) originates at Washington Lake in the west Uinta Mountains. It drains southwest into Utah Lake. The river had the early name of Timpanogotzis (Tumpanowach) for the Indians living along its banks. The early white settlers decided to name the river after Proveau and transfer the old name to the mountain to the north, which became Mount Timpanogos. See Provo* (Utah County) below. PROVO* (Utah County) is on I-15, forty-five miles south of Salt Lake City*. It was founded in 1850 as Fort Utah* in honor of the Ute Indians who inhabited the region. The name was changed to Fort Provo* for the well-known French-Canadian trapper, Etienne Proveau (Provost, Provot, Provaux, etc.), who first arrived in 1825. Proveau and his men had an altercation with the local Indians under Bad Gocha and several whites and Indians were killed. This incident led to the area being called Proveau's Hole and to the city eventually being named Provo. >T6,7S,R2,3E,SLM; 4,549' (1,387m). Bibliography: Bancroft, Hubert Howe. History of Utah, 1540-1886. Salt Lake City: Bookcraft, 1964. (1st ed. 1889). Brigham Young, the Colonizer. Salt Lake City: Deseret News Press, 1940. Jenson, Andrew. Encyclopedic History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Salt Lake City: Deseret News Publishing Co., 1941. Layton, Stanford J. "Fort Rawlins, Utah: A Question of Mission and Means." Utah Historical Quarterly 42 (Winter 1974): 68-83. Miller, Marilyn McMeen and J.
    [Show full text]
  • John Jarvie Historic Ranch: Ute Map Lesson
    John Jarvie Historic Ranch: Ute Map Lesson Authored by: Amanda Scheuerman Grade 4-6 1 Jarvie Ranch Ute Lesson LESSON PLAN DETAILS Plan By: Amanda Scheuerman Time Frame: 30-45 Minutes This lesson plan is intended for fourth to sixth grade. Group Size: SUMMARY 15-30 Students Materials: Attached Maps In the Ute map lesson, students will learn about the history of the Ute people located in Utah, Colorado, and Wyoming. Life Skills: This history will include precontact lands as well as the Geography, Mapping, transformation and eventual dispossession of Ute lands. Historical Thinking, Interpretation Utes argue that they have always lived in the region they called home. The first European contact included Spanish Intended Learning explorers, fur trappers, and miners. With the arrival of Outcomes: Mormon immigrants and ranchers, Utes experienced a Students will become drastic change of life. Anglo-American peoples began familiar with Ute encroaching upon Ute lands and overtime reduced the Ute Lifeways, dispossession, land base drastically. this lesson will illustrate the loss of and culture. land that the Utes had to undergo. Students will be able to identify traditional Ute lands and compare this to contemporary reservations. 1 Relevant Core Standards Utah Standards 4th Grade: Social Studies Standard II: Students will understand how Utah’s history has been shaped by many diverse people, events, and ideas. 1. Objective 1: Describe the historical and current impact of various cultural groups in Utah. 2. Objective 2: Describe the ways that Utah has changed over time. Colorado Standards 4th Grade: Social Studies History: 1. Organize and sequence events to understand the concepts of chronology and cause and effect in the history of Colorado.
    [Show full text]
  • The Sun Dance of the Northern Ute
    SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 157 Anthropological Papers, No. 47 The Sun Dance of the Northern Ute By J. A. JONES 203 CONTENTS PAOB Introduction 207 Cultural background 212 Pre-horse period 212 Post-horse, pre- White-contact period 217 White-contact period 220 The reservation period 223 The reorganization period 229 Summary 236 The Sun Dance 239 Introduction and history of the Sun Dance in Ute culture 239 The modern Sun Dance 243 Nativistic elements in the Sun Dance 252 Conclusions 254 Literature cited 259 ILLUSTRATIONS TEXT FIGURE 13. Distribution of Northern Ute groups _ 208 205 - THE SUN DANCE OF THE NORTHERN UTE By J. A. Jones' INTRODUCTION The problem of this paper is to determine what role the Sun Dance has played in Ute culture. The Sun Dance has been selected as a focal point from which to discuss Ute culture because it is now the principal, vital native feature remaining. Its adoption in 1890 marked a period of culture strain. From that time, attitudes and values of the old culture were attached and integrated into the ceremony until now, in another period of culture strain, the Sun Dance has become a symbol of revivalism. It is apparent, therefore, that the history of the Sun Dance among the Ute is essentially the history of Indian-White contact, and the social, economic, and polit- ical insecurities which have arisen among the Ute from this contact. The Indians involved in this contact situation are principally the Northern Ute bands now located on the Uintah and Ouray Indian Reservation in Duchesne and Uintah Counties of northeastern Utah.
    [Show full text]