PLANT GROUPS Division Charophyta Class Charophyceae Order Charales Family Charaece Genus Chara

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PLANT GROUPS Division Charophyta Class Charophyceae Order Charales Family Charaece Genus Chara

PLANT GROUPS charophyta PLANT GROUPS (4) 1) The plant body consists of an erect axis differentiated into nodes & internodes with laterals growth at the nodes. 2) The reproductive organs are complex & are surrounded by a layer of sterile tissue 3) The motile male gamete, Antherozoid is an elongated biflagellate spiral structure. Division Charophyta Class Charophyceae Order Charales Family Charaece Genus Chara Chara is submerged aquatic alga, consisting of an erect branched axis attached to the substratum by multicellular rhizoid, the plants grow to a height of (5-130 cm) & resembles in appearance to a miniature horse tail. The plant body is differentiated into nodes & internodes form each node a whorl of short laterals maybe limited or unlimited. 1 PLANT GROUPS charophyta Chara Life Cycle Reproduction: Only two kinds of reproduction the vegetative & the sexual are found in Chara. Vegetative Reproduction 1. Amylum stars: Each amylum star is an aggregation of cells, looking like a star. 2. Bulbils: These are small rounded tuber like structure which is developed on the Rhizoids. 2 PLANT GROUPS charophyta Sexual Reproduction is advanced Oogamy Amylum star Bulbils Chara (1n) Globule (1n) Nucule (1n) Antheridium (1n) Oogonium (1n) Protonema (1n) Antherozoid Ovum Fertilization Meiosis Oospore Graphic representation life cycle of Chara 3 PLANT GROUPS charophyta Division Charophyta Class Charophyceae Order Charales Family Charaece Genus Nitella Nitella this genus resembles Chara it also subaquatic but unlike Chara it grows in much deeper water. Plant body in Nitella more branched & does not have calcareous deposition. The mode of sexual reproduction organs in Chara the Nucule directed upwards & Globule downwards but in Nitella the Globule being directed upwards (Terminal) & the Nucule downwards (Lateral). The Nucule is relatively less elongated than Chara & has 10-celled coronal arranged in two tiers which are small while in Chara 5-celled coronal & large. 4 PLANT GROUPS charophyta Chara Nitella Chara 5 PLANT GROUPS charophyta 6 PLANT GROUPS charophyta 7 .

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Red Names=Invasive Species Green Names=Native Species
CURLY-LEAF PONDWEED EURASIAN WATERMIL- FANWORT CHARA (Potamogeton crispus) FOIL (Cabomba caroliniana) (Chara spp.) This undesirable exotic, also known (Myriophyllum spicatum) This submerged exotic Chara is typically found growing in species is not common as Crisp Pondweed, bears a waxy An aggressive plant, this exotic clear, hard water. Lacking true but management tools are cuticle on its upper leaves making milfoil can grow nearly 10 feet stems and leaves, Chara is actually a limited. Very similar to them stiff and somewhat brittle. in length forming dense mats form of algae. It’s stems are hollow aquarium species. Leaves The leaves have been described as at the waters surface. Grow- with leaf-like structures in a whorled are divided into fine resembling lasagna noodles, but ing in muck, sand, or rock, it pattern. It may be found growing branches in a fan-like ap- upon close inspection a row of has become a nuisance plant with tiny, orange fruiting bodies on pearance, opposite struc- “teeth” can be seen to line the mar- in many lakes and ponds by the branches called akinetes. Thick ture, spanning 2 inches. gins. Growing in dense mats near quickly outcompeting native masses of Chara can form in some Floating leaves are small, the water’s surface, it outcompetes species. Identifying features areas. Often confused with Starry diamond shape with a native plants for sun and space very include a pattern of 4 leaves stonewort, Coontail or Milfoils, it emergent white/pinkish early in spring. By midsummer, whorled around a hollow can be identified by a gritty texture flower.
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