Initial Environmental Examination

November 2019

PHI: Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project

Rehabilitation of Rapagas-Macao Access Road

Prepared by the Municipality of Kadingilan, Province of Bukidnon for the Department of Environment and the Asian Development Bank. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 19 November 2019) The date of the currency equivalents must be within 2 months from the date on the cover. Currency unit – peso (PhP) PhP 1.00 = $ 0.01938 $1.00 = PhP 50.6180

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB Asian Development Bank BDC barangay development council CBMS community base monitoring system CNC certificate of non-coverage CSC construction supervision consultant CSO Civil Society Organization DED detailed engineering design DENR Department of Environment and Natural Resources DILG Department of Interior and Local Government DPWH Department of Public Works and Highway DSWD Department of Social Welfare and Development ECA environmentally critical area ECC environmental compliance certificate ECP environmentally critical project EIA environmental impact assessment EIAMMP environmental impact assessment management and monitoring plan EIS environmental impact statement EMB environmental management bureau ESS environmental safeguards specialist FDBB full disclosure bulletin board FIBECO First Bukidnon Electric Cooperative GAD gender and development IEE initial environmental examination INREMP Integrated Natural Resources and Environment Management Project IP indigenous people IRA internal revenue allotment IROW infrastructure right of way ISF integrated social forestry LFC local finance committee LGU Local Government Unit MDC Municipal Development Council MOA memorandum of agreement NCB national competitive bidding NECA non-environmental critical area NECP non-environmental critical project NIA National Irrigation Administration NPCO National Project Coordinating Office NRM natural resources management OCM overhead, contingencies and miscellaneous PAGASA Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration PASU Protected Area Surveillance Unit

i PMIC Project Management Implementation Consultant PPMO Provincial Project Management Office PMO Project Management Office PPMC Provincial Project Management Council PMU Project Management Unit POs peoples’ organizations POWs program of works PSA Philippine Statistics Authority RCPC Reinforced Concrete Pipe Culvert RPCO Regional Project Coordinating Office REA rapid environmental assessment ROW right of way SB Sangguniang Bayan SBD standard bidding document SEMS social and environmental management systems SPD subproject proposal document SPMU Sub-Project Management Unit SPS safeguard policy statement SSS social safeguards specialist TA technical assistance TOR terms of reference WMPCO Watershed Management and Project Coordination Offices

ii WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

˚C – degree centigrade ha – hectare km – kilometer m – meter m asl – meter above sea level mm – millimeter mg/L – milligram per liter mg/Nm3 – milligram per normal cubic meter ppt – parts per thousand μg/Nm3 – microgram per normal cubic meter µS/cm – microSiemens/cm % – percent

NOTE In this report, "$" refers to US dollars unless otherwise stated.

This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

iii Table of Contents

I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 1 II. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK ...... 2 A. Environmental Clearance Requirements ...... 2 Government Environmental Laws, Regulations and Guidelines ...... 2 ADB Environmental Assessment Requirements ...... 5 III. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT...... 6 A. Overview ...... 6 B. Project Location ...... 6 C. Project Rationale ...... 7 D. Description of the Existing Road ...... 8 E. Project Development Plan ...... 9 Project Components ...... 9 Description of the Project Phases ...... 11 F. Manpower Requirements ...... 12 G. Project Cost ...... 12 H. Project Duration and Schedule ...... 13 IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ...... 14 A. Elevation and Slope ...... 14 B. Geology...... 14 C. Soils ...... 15 D. Water Supply ...... 17 E. Land Classification and Land Use ...... 17 F. Climate ...... 20 G. River and Drainage System ...... 23 H. Water Quality ...... 23 I. Biological Environment ...... 25 J. Socio-Economic Conditions ...... 26 Population ...... 26 Population Density ...... 27 Indigenous Peoples and People’s Organization ...... 27 Education ...... 27 Health and Sanitation ...... 28 Housing ...... 28 Income and Expenditure ...... 28 Tourism ...... 29 Commerce and Industry ...... 30 Electricity ...... 30 Communication ...... 31 Road and Transportation ...... 31 V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 31 Pre-Construction ...... 33 Confirmation of no required resettlement, relocations, and compensation ...... 33 Identification and prioritization of road section where re-gravelling will be done ...... 33 Preparation of detailed engineering designs and programs of work ...... 33 Recruitment of workers ...... 33 Construction ...... 34 Construction materials acquisition, transport access, and storage system ...... 34 Clearing and removal of obstructions ...... 34 Soil erosion ...... 34 Ground surface leveling and re-gravelling of existing road ...... 34 Civil works ...... 35 Implementation of noise and dust control measure ...... 35

iv Dust and noise from borrow pits ...... 35 Implementation of spoil management and control measure ...... 35 Solid and liquid construction waste management system ...... 36 Water quality ...... 36 Construction drainage system ...... 36 Workers health, safety and hygiene ...... 36 Traffic safety and management ...... 37 Ecological environment (Flora and Fauna) ...... 37 Damage to properties ...... 37 Concrete washout ...... 37 Use of hazardous substances...... 37 Public safety ...... 38 Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Phase ...... 38 Operation of upgraded access road ...... 38 VI. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION ...... 38 Stakeholder Consultations ...... 38 Information Disclosure ...... 40 VII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ...... 41 VIII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 42 Implementation Arrangements ...... 42 Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan ...... 44 Environmental Monitoring ...... 51 IX. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ...... 55 Conclusion ...... 55 Recommendation ...... 55

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Location of the Proposed Road Access Rehabilitation in Kadingilan, Bukidnon ...... 7 Figure 2: Existing conditions of the proposed subproject ...... 9 Figure 3. Elevation and slope of the proposed road rehabilitation subproject ...... 15 Figure 4: Geologic Map of the Municipality of Kadingilan ...... 16 Figure 5. Soil Map of the Municipality of Kadingilan ...... 16 Figure 6. Land Classification Map of the Municipality of Kadingilan...... 18 Figure 7. General Land Use Map of the Municipality of Kadingilan...... 19 Figure 8. Record of tropical cyclones that passed through the region covering the influence watersheds during the period 1948 - 2009 (PAGASA) ...... 21

Figure 9. Monthly rainfall based on CNCM3 model for 2020s and 2050s periods in Bukidnon Province ...... 23 Figure 10. River Networks of the Muleta Watershed ...... 24

v LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Summary List of ECP Types and ECA Categories ...... 3 Table 2: INREMP subprojects threshold for coverage screening and categorization (EMB- MC 005-2014) ...... 4 Table 3. Summary of the Preliminary Cost Estimate...... 13 Table 4. Indicative Implementation Schedule ...... 14 Table 5. Land Area by Barangay by Land Classification ...... 17 Table 6. Summary of existing land uses, 2016 ...... 20 Table 7. Projected monthly rainfall based on CNCM3 model with A1b and A2 scenarios for 2020s and 2050s periods in Bukidnon Province ...... 22 Table 8. Water Quality Parameters per Station (June 2017) of the Muleta Watershed ...... 25 Table 9. Summary of Flora and Fauna within the Muleta Watershed ...... 25 Table 10. Population by Barangay, CY 2015 ...... 26 Table 11. Population within Road Influence Area, 2015 ...... 27 Table 12. Indigenous People (Manobo tribe) ...... 27 Table 13. Potential Tourist Attractions in the Municipality ...... 30 Table 14. Assessment of Potential Environmental Impacts...... 32 Table 15. Summary of Stakeholder Views of the Road Rehabilitation in Kadingilan, Bukidnon ...... 39 Table 16. Responsibilities for EMP Implementation ...... 43 Table 17. Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan ...... 44 Table 18. Environmental Monitoring Plan ...... 52

LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix 1: A Copy of the Payment for ECC Application ...... 56 Appendix 2: Actual Inspection Report ...... 57 Appendix 3: Waste Disposal Plan for the Subproject ...... 60 Appendix 4: Public Consultation Minutes on Aug. 7, 2017 ...... 62 Appendix 6: Brgy. Balaoro Resolution of Support ...... 70 Appendix 7: Resolution of Consent from the Council of Elders ...... 71 Appendix 8: LGU Resolution Affirming Interest to Apply, Negotiate and Avail INREMP Grant ...... 73 Appendix 9: Grievance Intake Form ...... 76

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I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Barangay Balaoro, where the proposed subproject will be implemented, is located in the southern part of the Municipality of Kadingilan, Province of Bukidnon. It is about 17 km from the Central Business District (CBD), which is the Poblacion, and about 9 km from Barangay Maican of the Municipality of Damulog passing through the Rapagas-Macao access road and Muleta River. It is bounded in the north by Brgy. Mabuhay, south by Brgy. Pinamangguan, west by Brgy. Cabadiangan, and east by the Municipality of Damulog. The two (2) sitios of Rapagas and Macao falls within the political jurisdiction of Brgy. Balaoro.

The proposed subproject is the Rehabilitation of Rapagas-Macao access road. It will cover a distance of about 3.16 km with a road design width of 5 m carriageway and a 1.0- m shoulder on both sides including canals. The rehabilitation will start along the Muleta River particularly at Sitio Rapagas (Station 0+000) to Sitio Macao (3+160); both sitios within the Barangay of Balaoro, Municipality of Kadingilan. The proposed access road rehabilitation will cover the concreting of around 450 m starting from Station 0+000 and the remaining length (2,710 m) will be re-graveled. This includes the installation of RCPC’s and grouted riprap in selected sections of the existing access road.

Based on its progress of work (POW), the total estimated cost of the subproject is Php15,954,046.93 in which 80% or Php12,763,237.54 will be funded under DENR-INREMP while the remaining 20% or Php3,190,809.39 will be shouldered by the LGU as its counterpart. This proposed subproject is projected to be completed in 237 calendar days.

Based on the LGU’s assessment, the Road Influence Area (RIA) of the proposed rehabilitation encompasses Barangay Balaoro and its 3 adjacent barangays namely: Mabuhay, Pinamangguan and San Andres. The RIA has a total population of 7,587 comprising 4,000 males, and 3,587 females. Out of this total population, there are also a total of 415 IPs, 210 males and 205 females, who belong to the Manobo Tribe. In Brgy. Balaoro, the DENR- INREMP has engaged the Balaoro Tigbayon Association, Inc. (BTAI) being an SEC-registered organization with a coverage area of 1,665 ha based on its community map.

Presently, BTAI has a total membership of 67 composing 55 males and 12 females. BTAI has issued its resolution of support to the RI INREMP subproject as well as Barangay Council of Brgy. Balaoro. There are no IPs who are members of the association. Nonetheless, the Balaoro Council of Elders has issued a resolution of consent for the implementation of the proposed access road rehabilitation under INREMP.

The proposed Rehabilitation of Rapagas- Macao Access Road has no IR impact and no resettlement report is required. There are no encroachments of any residential houses or dwellings, or institutional structures found along the right of way of the proposed rehabilitation of access road. It was confirmed during the resurvey conducted by the local government unit (LGU) together with the Provincial Project Management Office (PPMO) staff on February 28, 2019. Trees and coconut that are previously reported are found within the existing measurement of 7-8 meters. Considering the 7-meter width of the proposed road to be rehabilitated based on the POW, these trees will not be affected by the rehabilitation.

The subproject has been categorized as ‘Category B’ and this IEE was prepared consistent with the environmental assessment requirements of ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement of 2009. The IEE was carried out through screening and analysis of various environmental parameters, field investigations, stakeholder consultations, and review of other road project reports in the Philippines. The IEE covers the general environmental profile of Kadingilan rural infrastructure sub-project and includes an assessment of the potential environmental impacts during different sub-project phases and formulation of corresponding

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mitigation measures. The IEE was prepared by the LGU of Kadingilan with the cooperation of PPMO, WMPCO, and PO.

The IEE, based on the screening of baseline environment and review of proposed civil works, has not identified any major environmental concerns due to proposed rehabilitation of Rapagas to Macao access road given that all the proposed civil works are only asset preservation of existing roadway and are located within the existing right of way. There will only be localized short-term impacts during construction activities due to the implementation of civil works that will be addressed in the detailed design and thorough implementation of the mitigation and monitoring measures specified in the environmental management plan.

The IEE process included stakeholder participation and consultation to help LGUs achieve public acceptance of the subproject. The consultation with barangay officials and residents confirmed that the rehabilitation of the access road is essential for economic development. The proponent with the technical assistance of the consultant has made the presentation of the subproject describing the objective of the consultations, project description, proposed civil works, and anticipated social and environmental impacts and their mitigation measures.

A grievance redness mechanism will be established by the LGU of Kadingilan before the commencement of site works to ensure that complaints of affected persons and other stakeholders regarding the project’s environmental performance are promptly addressed. Furthermore, giving primacy to the traditional conflict resolution system, grievance procedure has been separately set following the Manobo tribe’s customary laws and NCIP’s rules.

The IEE includes an environmental management plan which details the mitigation measures, environmental monitoring activities, institutional responsibilities, and environmental management capacity building. The LGU through its Municipal Planning and Development Coordinator and the Municipal Engineer will ensure that relevant EMP provisions are included in bid and contract documents for the detailed design, project supervision, and civil works. During construction, they will conduct close monitoring with the contractor and the contractor’s environmental monitoring reports will be submitted by LGU to ADB and such reports will be posted on ADB’s website for public disclosure. Furthermore, a Provincial Environmental Management Unit will be established to further ensure compliance with the EMP provisions.

This subproject will have an overall beneficial impact and will have minor negative impacts that will be carefully monitored and adequately mitigated through the implementation of the EMP.

II. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

A. Environmental Clearance Requirements

Government Environmental Laws, Regulations and Guidelines

According to the EMB Memorandum Circular 005 - 2014, the environmental category of a project is decided based on the type of the project (whether it falls into ‘Environmental Critical Project’, ECP type), location of the project (whether it falls into ‘Environmental Critical Areas’, ECA category), and size of the project. A summary list of ECPs and ECA categories are presented in Table 1.

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Table 1. Summary List of ECP Types and ECA Categories A. List of ECPs As declared by Proclamation No. 2146 (1981) 1. Heavy Industries – Non-ferrous Metal Industries, Iron and Steel Mills, Petroleum and Petro- chemical Industries including Oil and Gas, Smelting Plants 2. Resource Extractive Industries – Major Mining and Quarrying Projects, Forestry Projects (logging, major wood processing projects, introduction of fauna (exotic animals) in public and private forests, forest occupancy, extraction of mangrove products, grazing), Fishery Projects (dikes for/ and fishpond development projects) 3. Infrastructure Projects – Major Dams, Major Power Plants (fossil-fueled, nuclear fueled, hydroelectric or geothermal), Major Reclamation Projects, Major Roads and Bridges As declared by Proclamation No. 803 (1996) 4. All golf course projects B. List of ECA Categories - As declared by Proclamation No. 2146 (1981) 1. All areas declared by law as national parks, watershed reserves, wildlife preserves, sanctuaries 2. Areas set aside as aesthetic potential tourist spots 3. Areas which constitute the habitat of any endangered or threatened species of Philippine wildlife (flora and fauna) 4. Areas of unique historic, archaeological, or scientific interests 5. Areas which are traditionally occupied by cultural communities or tribes 6. Areas frequently visited and/or hard-hit by natural calamities (geologic hazards, floods, typhoons, volcanic activity, etc.) 7. Areas with critical slopes 8. Areas classified as prime agricultural lands 9. Recharged areas of aquifers 10. Water bodies characterized by one or any combination of the following conditions: tapped for domestic purposes; within the controlled and/or protected areas declared by appropriate authorities; which support wildlife and fishery activities 11. Mangrove areas characterized by one or any combination of the following conditions: with primary pristine and dense young growth; adjoining mouth of major river systems; near or adjacent to traditional productive fry or fishing grounds; areas which act as natural buffers against shore erosion, strong winds and storm floods; areas on which people are dependent for their livelihood. 12. Coral reefs characterized by one or any combination of the following conditions: With 50% and above live coralline cover; Spawning and nursery grounds for fish; Act as natural breakwater of coastlines

Based on their type, size and location the projects have been classified into 3 major groups:

• Group I (ECPs): ECPs in either ECAs or NECAs – Environmentally Critical Projects in either Environmentally Critical Areas or Non-Environmentally Critical Areas. These projects require the proponent to submit ‘Environmental Impact Statement’ report to secure ‘Environmental Compliance Certificate’ from DENR’s Environment Management Bureau (EMB). Table 2 gives the size of the road and bridge projects that fall in to Group 1. • Group II (NECPs): NECPS in ECAs – Non-Environmentally Critical Projects in Environmentally Critical Areas. These projects require proponent to submit either ‘Initial Environmental Examination’ Report or ‘Project Description Report ‘based on the size of the project (see Table 2) to secure either ECC or ‘Certificate of Non-Coverage’. • Group III (Non-Covered Projects): NECPs in NECS – Non-Environmentally Critical Projects in Non-Environmentally Critical Areas. PDR required to be submitted for Enhancement Mitigation Projects for confirmation of benign nature of proposed activity, and CNC is required to be secured. All other projects shall be at the option of the proponent to prepare a PDR as a basis for CNC, should the proponent opt to secure one.

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Table 2: INREMP subprojects threshold for coverage screening and categorization (EMB- MC 005-2014) Not covered Covered (Required to secure ECC) (may secure CNC) Projects within the Project size CATEGORY A: ECP CATEGORY B: Non-ECP CATEGORY D INREMP Menu of parameters / Project Subprojects Remarks EIS EIS IEE Checklist Description (Part I only) HEAVY AND OTHER PROCESSING/ MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES Food preservation (e.g. drying, freezing) and Regardless of None None None similar methods aside capacity from canning Agricultural processing including rice, corn, > 5,000 MT Annual vegetables, fruits and none ≥ 50,000 MT but < 50,000 <5,000 MT production other agricultural MT rate products > ton/hr or mill with polishing Hourly (regardless of Rice/Corn mill None None ≤ 1 ton/hr production production rate rate if with polishing) Other types of food (and other food by- Annual > 200 MT but products, additives, None ≥ 50,000 MT < 200 MT production < 50,000 MT etc.) processing rate industries RESOURCES EXTRATIVE INDUSTRIES Other Forestry Annual ≥ 5,000 m3 Projects; Forestry ≥ 100 m3 but volume of ≥ 10,000 m3 but <10,000 <100 m3 project co-managed <5,000 m3 trees to be m3 with DENR cut ≥ 4,000 m3 Equivalent Wood processing ≥ 100 m3 but ≥ 10,000 m3 but <10,000 <100 m3 products per projects <4,000 m3 m3 year Livestock Animal Industries ≥ 5,000 > 100 but Stocking (Livestock/Piggery None <100 heads heads 5,000 heads population Projects – e.g. pigs/goats) INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS Irrigation projects ≥1,000 >300 but (distribution system None hectares <1,000 ≤300 hectares Service area only) (service area) hectares With water source (e.g. infiltration gallery, etc.) and water Level III Level II / Level I Water Supply Projects None treatment (Distribution Water refilling (without dam) facilities system only) station including desalination, reverse osmosis (RO) >50% >50% increase in increase in capacity (or in capacity (or terms of in terms of length/width) >50% increase in length/width) AND capacity (or in Roads, widening, AND >2km but terms of rehabilitation and/or None ≥20km, <20km, length/width) BUT ≤ improvement (length with (length with 2km increase in no critical no critical length slope) OR slope) OR ≥10km ≥10km (length (length with with critical critical slope) slope)

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Not covered Covered (Required to secure ECC) (may secure CNC) Projects within the Project size CATEGORY A: ECP CATEGORY B: Non-ECP CATEGORY D INREMP Menu of parameters / Project Subprojects Remarks EIS EIS IEE Checklist Description (Part I only) Total/gross floor area Storage facilities with >1 hectare including no hazardous or toxic None ≥ 5 hectare but ≤ 1 hectare parking, materials. <5 hectare open space and other areas

ADB Environmental Assessment Requirements

According to ADB guidelines, the process of determining a project’s environment category is to prepare a Rapid Environmental Assessment screening checklist, taking into account the type, size, and location of the proposed project. Based on ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement 2009 (SPS 2009), a project is classified as one of the four (4) environmental categories (A, B, C or FI) as follows:

• Category A: Projects with potential for significant adverse environmental impacts that is irreversible, diverse or unprecedented. These impacts may affect an area larger than the sites or facilities subject to physical works. An environmental impact assessment is required.

• Category B: Projects judged to have some adverse environmental impacts, but of lesser degree and/or significance than those for category A projects. Impacts are site- specific, few if any of them are irreversible, and in most cases mitigation measures can be designed more readily than for Category A projects. An initial environmental examination (IEE) is required.

• Category C: Projects likely to have minimal or no adverse environmental impacts. No environmental assessment is required although environmental implications are still reviewed.

• Category FI: Projects are classified as category FI if they involve investment of funds to or through a financial intermediary. Where the FI’s investment have minimal or no adverse environmental risks. The FI project will be treated as Category C. All other FI’s must establish and maintain an environmental and social management system and must comply with the environmental safeguards requirements specified in SPS 2009 if the FI’s subprojects have the potential for significant adverse environmental impacts.

According to Philippines’ environmental guidelines, the Project or Sub-project can be considered as either under Group II or III while ADB has categorized the Project as environment Category B. Hence, this IEE has been prepared to meet the requirements of both the ADB and the government. Upon ADB’s receipt of the final IEE from the proponent, this will be publicly disclosed through posting on ADB’s website. The Municipality of Kadingilan has already facilitated the ECC application and made the corresponding payment. A copy of the payment is found in Appendix 1.

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III. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

A. Overview

The INREMP, implemented by DENR with funding from Asian Development Bank (ADB), International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), and Climate Change Fund (CCF), addresses the unsustainable watershed management in four (4) priority river basins: (i) the Chico Upper River Basin in the Cordillera Administrative Region, Northern Luzon; (ii) the Wahig–Inabanga River Basin on the island of Bohol in Region 7; (iii) the Lake Lanao River Basin in the province of Lanao del Sur in the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao; and (iv) the Bukidnon Upper River Basin in Bukidnon and Misamis Oriental provinces in Northern Mindanao (Region 10).

The INREMP has four (4) outputs namely: (i) River basin and watershed management and investment plans established; (ii) Smallholder and institutional investments in conservation increased and URB productivity enhanced in the forestry, agriculture and rural sectors; (iii) River basin and watershed management capacity and related governance mechanisms strengthened; and (iv) Project management and support services delivered.

Under Output 2, the LGU of Kadingilan has proposed the rehabilitation of Rapagas- Macao access road in Barangay Balaoro, Kadingilan, Bukidnon.

The subproject aims to uplift the quality of life of the people through the provision of all-year-round easy and affordable access thereby improving the prompt delivery of basic services, increasing economic opportunities and conditions. The proposed access road will support the national resources management project activities of the constituents.

B. Project Location

The Municipality of Kadingilan is located along the southwestern border of the Province of Bukidnon (Figure 1). It is bounded on the north by the Municipality of Don Carlos; northeast by the Municipality of Dangcagan; east by the Municipality of Kibawe; southeast by the Municipality of Damulog; on the south and southwest by the Province of North Cotabato; and on the west by the Province of Lanao del Sur and northwest by the Municipality of Pangantucan, with the Muleta and Maridugao Rivers as its natural boundaries.

It has a total land area of about 17,694 ha with an average elevation of 300 m asl. It is approximately 89 km southwest of Malaybalay City, the provincial capital of Bukidnon, and about 180 km southwest of Cagayan de Oro City, the regional capital. The municipality is accessible from both cities through a well-paved National Highway. Kadingilan is composed of 17 barangays with an aggregate area of 17,694 ha. Of the total area, about 60 % or 10,521 ha are classified as timberland. The remaining 40 % is classified as alienable and disposable (A & D) lands, having an area of 7,173 ha.

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Figure 1: Location of the Proposed Road Access Rehabilitation in Kadingilan, Bukidnon

Barangay Balaoro is located in the southern part of the Municipality of Kadingilan, Province of Bukidnon. It is 17 km from the Central Business District (CBD), which is the Poblacion, and 9 km from Barangay Maican of the Municipality of Damulog passing through the Rapagas-Macao access road and Muleta River. It is bounded in the north by Brgy. Mabuhay, south by Brgy. Pinamangguan, west by Brgy. Cabadiangan, and east by the Municipality of Damulog.

C. Project Rationale

The DENR-INREMP has engaged the Balaoro Tigbayon Association, Inc. being a SEC registered organization with a coverage area of 1,665 ha based on its community map. Presently, BTAI has a total membership of 67 composing 55 males and 12 females.

The main livelihood of the community within the influenced barangay is farming. However, these activities are very much affected by the poor condition of the road. During

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rainy season, the road becomes muddy and hardly passable. Based on the data above, health is an issue and they need access to more additional health services. The transport condition also makes the fare rates high so people tend to get their basic needs from unscrupulous businessmen engaged in trading or middlemen in the area. Also, quality of farm produce transported to the main market will be low if the road is rough. The lack of access also deprives them of the ability to take advantage of job opportunities.

During a series of consultations with the municipal and barangay officials, the major problem identified by the community was the poor access road. The farmers were forced to sell their agricultural products to the traders who came into the area at low price they dictate to the farmers and deal with higher cost of transportation and hauling if they sell them to the market. There will be many opportunities that this rehabilitated access road will bring foremost of which will be the ease of access. There will be additional income of the farmers brought by less time in transporting their produce and finish products.

The proposed access road will cover a distance of 3.16 km with a road design width of 5 m carriageway and a 1.0-m shoulder on both sides including canals. The rehabilitation will start along the Muleta River particularly at Sitio Rapagas (Station 0+000) to Sitio Macao (3+160). The proposed access road rehabilitation will cover the 1) concreting of around 450 m starting from Station 0+000, and 2) the remaining length (2,710 m) will be re-graveled. This includes the installation of RCPC’s and grouted riprap in selected sections of the existing access road.

D. Description of the Existing Road

The proposed subproject is an existing barangay road that used to be a foot trail connecting Brgy. Balaoro, Municipality of Kadingilan to Brgy. Maican, Municipality of Damulog (Figure 2). The foot trail was used by residents of the two neighboring barangays, especially during market days, as well as during planting and harvest periods, and various inter-barangay events. The barangay residents regularly maintain the foot trail through clearing shrubs and grasses to make it passable.

The residents of the barangay, as well as the people that are passing/using this access road, are experiencing inconvenience and hazards because of the road’s poor condition. To reach the barangay on time, people are riding on a passenger motorcycle or habal-habal paying a high fare. On the other hand, farm inputs and farm produce are transported by trucks and by animal-driven carts.

During rainy seasons, it is very difficult for motor vehicles to pass through this access road because it is highly dilapidated with gravel surface eroded and very dangerous to travel. The frequency of route interval for the passenger motorcycle or habal-habal is dictated by the availability of the riding passengers.

At present, the proposed access road is mostly made of mixed natural limestone, earth, and gravel. Most of the built-up areas or residential dwellings are located about midway of the proposed access road, specifically, between stations 2+100 to 3+200 (i.e., the community center of sitio Macao).

Few portions of the access road have cross drains made of Reinforced Concrete Pipe Culverts (RCPC) but are now mostly dilapidated, clogged, and non-functional. There are no existing line canals for trail way for surface water, and also no soil erosion control measures or slope protection exists in any influence area.

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Figure 2: Existing conditions of the proposed subproject

E. Project Development Plan

Project Components

a. Design Consideration

The proposed subproject - the Rehabilitation of Rapagas-Macao access road, will cover a distance of 3.16 km with a road design width of 5 m carriageway, 1 m shoulder on both sides and 0.7 m lined canals at some stations. The rehabilitation will start along the Muleta River particularly at Sitio Rapagas (Station 0+000) to Sitio Macao (3+160). The proposed access road rehabilitation will cover the 1) concreting of around 450 m starting from Station 0+000 to Station 0+450, and 2) the remaining length (2,710 m) will be re-graveled. This includes the installation of RCPC’s and grouted riprap in selected sections of the existing access road.

Installations of the RCPC cross drainage will be at Sta. 0+523 and in Sta.0+033 (both 1.8 lm 910 mø RCPC) and stone masonry. The scope shall include gravelled road approaches at both ends. The height to be achieved on center of the RCBC shall conform with the existing level of the road going to the approach.

b. Design Specifications

The construction works and specification of materials will comply with the engineering and construction standards set-forth by the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) and the National Building Code of the Philippines. Materials as quantified and

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estimated (cost) are assumed to be available in the locality. Prevailing market price is used to achieve the approved agency estimate which subsequently will be used as basis for the anticipated evaluation of bids, since the construction of the Subproject will be through National Competitive Bidding.

The following are the proposed technical specifications of the primary construction materials of the subproject:

(Item 102) Surplus Common Excavation

This Item shall consist of roadway and drainage and borrow excavation and the disposal of materials in accordance with Specification and in conformity with the lines, grades and dimensions to be shown on the Plans or established by the Engineer. Excavated materials that are suitable will be used in the embankment to minimize hauling cost of filling materials. Surplus excavation with an estimated volume of 9,009.42 cubic meters will be disposed in designated disposal facility in BUKSU Kadingilan Satellite Campus, Poblacion, Kadingilan. A bulldozer will be required for this work item.

(Item 104) Embankment

This Item shall consist of the construction of embankment in accordance with the specification and in conformity with the lines, grades and dimensions shown on the Plans or established by the Engineer.

(Item 105) Sub-grade Preparation

This Item shall consist of the preparation of the sub-grade for the support of overlying structural layers. It shall extend to full width of the roadway. Unless authorized by the Engineer, sub-grade preparation shall not be done unless the Contractor is able to start immediately the construction of the pavement structure.

(Item 200) Sub-base Course

This item shall consist of furnishing, placing and compacting an aggregate sub-base course on a prepared sub-grade in accordance with the Specification and the lines, grades and cross-sections shown on the Plans, or as directed by the Engineer.

(Item 201) Base Course

This Item shall consist of furnishing, placing and compacting an aggregate base course on a prepared sub-grade/sub-base in accordance with the specification and the lines, grades, thickness and typical cross-sections shown on the plans, or as established by the Engineer.

(Item 311) Portland Cement Concrete Pavement or PCCP

This Item shall consist of pavement of Portland Cement Concrete without reinforcement, constructed on the prepared base in accordance with the Specification and in conformity with lines, grades, thickness and typical cross-section shown on the Plans. (Item 500) Pipe Culvert and Storm Drains

This item shall consist of the construction or reconstruction of pipe culverts and storm drains, hereinafter referred to as “cross drains” or “conduits” in accordance with the Specification and in conformity with the lines and grades shown on the Plans or as established by the Engineer.

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(Item 505) Stone Masonry/ Grouted Riprap

This Item shall consist of stone masonry in minor structures, in headwalls for culverts, in retaining walls at the toes of slopes, and at other places called for on the plans, constructed on the prepared foundation bed, in accordance with the specification and in conformity with the lines, grades, sections, and dimensions shown on the plans or as ordered in writing by the Engineer.

Description of the Project Phases

a. Pre-Construction Phase

This phase will involve the social preparation (to include organizational strengthening, planning, identification and prioritization of community needs) of the community for the entry of the project to the site, conduct of pre-engineering activities covering detailed survey works to determine alignment of roads and canal systems, preparation of the detailed engineering plans and programs of work, ROW negotiation, recruitment of work force and initial sourcing and procurement of construction materials. These activities will be conducted by the proponent technical staff, partner line agencies, NGO service providers, community beneficiaries especially the Indigenous People and contractors.

The proposed rehabilitation of Rapagas- Macao access road has no IR impact and no resettlement report is required. There are also no encroachments of any residential houses or dwellings, or institutional structures found along the right of way of the proposed rehabilitation of access road. On February 28, 2019, the LGU together with the PPMO staff conducted a resurvey to determine whether or not the proposed access road to be rehabilitated will affect the two (2) gmelina and two (2) coconut trees, and to make adjustments, if necessary.

An actual inspection report was submitted by the LGU Kadingilan that the width of the proposed access road is 5 meters with 1-meter shoulder on both sides for a total width of 7 meters (Appendix 2). During the actual inspection, it was found out that the existing width of the access road, where two (2) gmelina and two (2) coconut are located, have an existing measurement of 7-8 meters. As a result, trees will not be affected by the rehabilitation considering the 7-meter width of the proposed road.

b. Construction Phase

This phase will involve the mobilization of construction workers, and materials to the specific project site after which the longer period of actual construction work will commence. The construction phase will end up with the demobilization of workers and other construction paraphernalia from the construction site. Majority of these activities will be undertaken by the contractor and community beneficiaries under the close supervision of the Project Management Office (PMO). The specific activities during construction phase that may have potential impacts to the environment with corresponding mitigation measures and implementation arrangement are as follows:

c. Operation Phase and Maintenance Phase

The operation and maintenance phase involves the actual maintenance of the rehabilitated access road during its expected economic life. This will involve the wetting areas of dust sources along vehicle route, and regular removal of debris, logs and other materials along drainage canals.

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d. Abandonment Phase

This phase is included in the project demobilization. The proponent does not intend to abandon any facilities and unserviceable equipment used during construction. The project location will not be abandoned in disorderly condition but instead restored for functional use. Following the completion of the construction, the proponent will dismantle temporary shelters and the construction yard including unserviceable vehicles and equipment.

Wastes arising from the abandonment are expected to be minimal. These wastes could include small volumes of left-over sand and gravel, re-bars and other steel materials (i.e., nails, and welding roads), cement sacks, tarpaulins, lumber, used oil and grease.

F. Manpower Requirements

Construction activities will require hiring of skilled and unskilled manpower. It is assumed that some skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled manpower will be available in the area. Skilled manpower not available in the locality may be sourced from other nearby localities. Technical manpower will be a complementation of specialists to be provided by locally known engineering firms.

During the construction phase, a workforce consisting of contractual and regular laborers will be employed to carry out the construction of the proposed project.

The Contractor shall employ qualified and sufficient staff to carry out inspections, testing and monitoring for the project.

G. Project Cost

The Subproject Cost as estimated has a total amount of Ᵽ15,954,046.93 which includes the indirect cost and taxes, aside from the direct cost (composed of material+ labor+ equipment). The said Direct Cost is Ᵽ12,174,944.24. The OCM (overhead, Contingencies, and Miscellaneous) and Contractor’s Profit will be 9%, and 8%, of the direct cost, respectively. Taxes will be in the fixed ratio of 12% as required by the national government.

Following the agreed financing mix of the subproject, 80% of the total Subproject Cost as presented will be covered by the Project (INREMP) equivalent to Ᵽ12,763,237.54 and the remaining 20% will be borne by the proponent LGU (Kadingilan, Bukidnon) as cash equity counterpart. The amount of equity counterpart based from the presented subproject cost above is Ᵽ3,190,809.39.

Aside from the equity counterpart prepared by the LGU, they also allocated some amount intended for the preparatory matters such as seminars, preparation of feasibility study, detailed engineering, survey of the subproject site and evaluation activities by personnel from different sectors who are involved in the implementation of the subproject. The total cost of the subproject was computed based on the investment cost or the estimated Subproject Cost and the O & M cost which will be allocated by the LGU in order to survive for a long period of time. The investment cost was based on the program of works and detailed engineering formulated by the Municipal Engineering’s Office to have a quality subproject output. The allocation for O & M is Php 60,000.00 per kilometer per year and will be doubled on the fifth year.

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Table 3. Summary of the Preliminary Cost Estimate No. Description Weight % Quantity Unit of Amount Measure (Php) 1 Provision of Earthworks 28.12% 18,470.40 cum 3,423,767.28 2 Provision Aggregate Base Course 46.64% 3,950.00 cum 5,678,523.32 3 Provision of Portland Cement Concrete 16.48% 1,800.00 sqm Pavement (PCCP) 2,006,158.86 4 Provision of RCPC 910mm Diameter & 8.76% 313.86 cum Grouted Riprap (Slope Protection) 1,066,494.78 Total Direct Cost 100.00% 12,174,944.24 5 OCM (9% of DC) 1,095,744.98 6 Contractor's Profit (8% of DC) 973,995.54 Total Indirect Cost 2,069,740.52 7 Taxes (12% of DC + IDC) 1,709,362.17 Subproject Cost 15,954,046.93 Grant 12,763,237.54 Equity 3,190,809.39

H. Project Duration and Schedule

After the conduct of technical assistance to partner LGUs, the Kadingilan LGU-PMU started the preparation and completion of the SPD. The completed SPD has been submitted to NPCO for review and concurrence. When found substantial, it will be endorsed to the ADB for the request of NOL which is targeted on the fourth quarter of 2019. During these stages, the DED is simultaneously being prepared by the LGU Engineering Unit and is expected to be final and complete on or before the time of the ADB NOL. The DED shall then be translated into a Bidding Document once the SPD is approved.

Procurement period may start on January 2020 and shall take 10 to 12 weeks to comply with the ADB Procurement Guidelines, thus the subproject is expected to be awarded within the month of March 2020. Construction will take 237 calendar days. After the completion of construction works, the LGU will prepare the completion documents before the year ends and the turn-over ceremonies shall also take place at the same time. Other details are shown in Table 4.

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Table 4. Indicative Implementation Schedule Subproject 2019 2020 Milestone Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec DED Preparation/ Revision SPD Preparation/ Revision SPD Review and Approval Procurement Stage Construction Stage Completion and Turnover Start of O&M Activity

IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

A. Elevation and Slope

The topography of the municipality is characterized as rugged terrain with rolling, hilly and mountains portions. These hills and mountains are dissected by rivers and creeks, such as the Muleta River on the eastern part which serves as the common natural boundary with the municipalities of Damulog, Dangcagan, and Kibawe. The Maridugao and Kidanggin Rivers at the southern portion separates Kadingilan from the municipality of Pangantucan and the province of Lanao del Sur.

Twenty six percent (26%) of the total land area of the municipality has slope of 18-30% which is described as rolling to hilly. These are areas classified as timberland within the barangays of Cabadiangan and Mabuhay. Twenty-four percent has a slope category of 3-8%. Characterized as sloping to undulating. Only about fifteen percent or a total of 2,628 hectares fall under the slope range of 0-3% (level to gently sloping) covering more than thirty six percent of the total alienable and disposable lands. About fifty two percent of the land area has an elevation of 300-400 meters above sea level while forty percent is between 0-30 m asl. Only hundred fifty hectares are within the elevation of 500 meters and above and these mostly found within the Payao and Matampay hills.

However, the proposed subproject elevation based on its alignment ranged from 175 m asl to 345 m asl with average slope of 7.9%. Other details are shown in Figure 3.

B. Geology

The municipality has volcanic sedimentary and metamorphic rock origin. One identified rock type is limestone (cord/line limestone, N,Ls) characterized as light cream to cream in color, partly fragmental, calcareous formation including reef limestone, bio-clastic limestone and calcasenite. The other type is sandstone and shale (N1) which is light brown and gray in color, thick transgressive marine deposits, largely massive sandstone layers imbedded with siltstones and shale strata.

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Figure 3. Elevation and slope of the proposed road rehabilitation subproject

Limestone is widely used in agriculture, general construction, chemical and metallurgical industries. Corraline limestone is widely used as soil conditioner and is found abundant in barangays Balaoro, San Andres and Cabadiangan (Figure 4). Analysis show that the corraline limestone has a high calcium carbonate content and show silica, alumina, magnesia and iron oxide content. This type of limestone is suitable for agricultural lime. In 1997, the local Government Unit of Kadingilan started the quarrying of portions of limestone deposits in Brgy. Balaoro which currently being used as surfacing materials for barangay road maintenance.

C. Soils

The soil type of Kadingilan is predominantly Kidapawan clay. It is characterized as light brown to dark brown in color, hard when dry, plastic and sticky when moist and wet, and has fair organic matter content. This type of soil is suitable for agriculture, specifically, sugarcane, rubber, coconut, and pineapple. This soil type is also marginally suitable for rice, corn, coffee, cacao, papaya, and root crops (Figure 5).

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Figure 4: Geologic Map of the Municipality of Kadingilan

Figure 5. Soil Map of the Municipality of Kadingilan

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D. Water Supply

Level III Water System is available in most barangays to provide sufficient potable water which is one (1) of the basic needs of the people. However, only the barangay proper is appropriately served by Level lll water system. The Level III water system is being catered by the Kadingilan Water District (KWD) which is an LGU-managed water facility through the MEEDO. The area of coverage of the Kadingilan Water District is confined only within the Barangay Poblacion serving five (5) puroks and another five (5) puroks in the Poblacion are being served by the Barangay Poblacion Water System. However, there are considerable areas with settlements that have not yet been provided with Level III water services.

In addition, there are three (3) barangays which have Level II Water System Facilities. These water facilities are being operated and managed by the Barangay Council. Barangay San Andres utilizes spring sources with pump for the supply of water while the rest of the Barangays utilize underground source using submersible pump.

E. Land Classification and Land Use

Based on the Cadastral Map of the DENR, the municipality has a total aggregate area of 17,693.83 hectares. Of the total area, 60% or 10,586 hectares are classified timberland. The remaining 40.20% is classified as alienable and disposable (A & D) lands having an area of 7,107.83 ha (Figure 6). Furthermore, Table 5 also shows that the barangays within the RIA of the subproject have considerable timberland areas and Brgy. Balaoro, where the subproject is located, is classified as 100% timberland.

Table 5. Land Area by Barangay by Land Classification Land Area Barangay A and D Timberland Total % to Total 1 Baroy 835.1432 835.1432 4.71% 2 Salvacion 1,193.1717 1,193.1717 6.74% 3 Poblacion 775.1698 775.1698 4.38% 4 Sibonga 517.2344 517.2344 2.92% 5 Husayan 320.7026 320.7026 1.81% 6 Kibogtok 648.1510 81.310 729.4610 4.12% 7 Malinao 320.1573 320.1573 1.81% 8 Pay-as 1,282.1577 1,282.1577 7.25% 9 Bagor 895.2589 219.801 1,115.0599 6.30% 10 Kibalagon 461.1577 461.1577 2.60% 11 Matampay 1,050.5114 1,050.5114 5.94% 12 San Andres 280.790 910.5942 1,191.3842 6.46% 13 Cabadiangan 27.924 2,727.4274 2,755.3514 15.57% 14 Mabuhay 11.970 737.0419 749.0119 4.23% 15 Balaoro 1,620.9003 1,620.9003 9.16% 16 Pinamangguan 1,122.6633 1,122.6633 6.34% 17 Bagongbayan 544.9589 544.9589 3.08% Bukidnon vs. Cotabato 1,109.6334 1,109.6334 6.27% Total 7,107.830 10,585.9995 17,693.830 100.00% Percent to Total 40.20% 59.80% 100.00% Source: MPDO, 2016

Presently, production area within timberland is already denuded and has an area of 10,431.201 hectares or 99 % of the total timberland area. Its existing uses comprises of built- up area, agricultural, fisheries and tree plantation. Agricultural land uses cover an area of 5,388 hectares which is actually planted to cultivated annual crops such as corn, upland rice and perennial tree. Other existing uses is the tree plantation having an area of 3,060 hectares.

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Protected area within forest land is 89 hectares or 0.85 percent of the total timberland area of 10,586 hectares. This covers an area along the river banks, creeks and easement (Table 8).

Figure 6. Land Classification Map of the Municipality of Kadingilan Based on its actual land uses, a conflict in land uses is revealed with agricultural and built-up uses competing with each other as well as with agricultural and timberland land uses. The total land area within Alienable and Disposable land is 7,173 hectares. Agricultural land uses cover the biggest area within A & D at 6,894 hectares or about 96 percent of the total. Of this, the Existing protected area within agricultural land is 205 hectares while the production area is 6,688 hectares. On the other hand, majority of the existing uses in agricultural production area is cultivated crops which has an area of 6,367 hectares or 95 percent of the total production area (Figure 7).

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Figure 7. General Land Use Map of the Municipality of Kadingilan

In particular, Barangay Balaoro is considered as an isolated barangay of the municipality having been geographically separated by the Muleta River. The agricultural products in the area are corn, sugarcane, rice, pineapple, coconut and other fruit trees. The proposed rehabilitation of roads will not entail additional land acquisition as the existing roads have enough easement to accommodate the proposed scope of works. As a result of the

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resurvey conducted on February 28, 2019, it was found out that the existing widths of the access road where the two (2) gmelina and two (2) coconut trees are located already have an existing measurement of 7-8 meters. Thus, these trees will not be affected considering the 7- meter width of the proposed road. These are physically located along the subproject existing road alignment. However, the distance of most houses are more than 5 meters alongside of the proposed road access improvement.

Table 6. Summary of existing land uses, 2016 Land Use Category Land Area (ha) Percent (%) Urban/Urbanizing Settlements - Residential 78.47 0.44 - Commercial 4.37 0.02 - Institutional 10.25 0.06 - Industrial 0.64 0.004 -Parks/Playground 2.27 0.01 - Utilities 14.85 0.08 - Roads 104.63 0.59 - Vacant Lots 19.57 0.11 - Informal Settler 0.55 0.003 - Cemetery 2.55 0.01 Rural Settlements 309.9 1.75 SUB-TOTAL 548.05 3.1 Landfill 0.54 0.003 Tourism 0.4 0.002 Water (Creeks& Rivers) 128.6 0.73 Agricultural Lands - Production 4,124.89 23.31 - Protection 398.67 2.25 Agri-Industrial 2,964.24 16.75 Forest Lands - Production 9,108.06 51.48 - Protection 420.38 2.38

GRAND TOTAL 17,693.83 100%

F. Climate

The climate of the Municipality belongs to type C or agro-climatic zone, the most extensive zone which covers most of the present and potential agricultural area in the province. Based on the observed baseline data of PAG-ASA from 1995 to 1997, the greatest number of rainy days are during the months of June to August while the least number are during the months of March to May. Consequently, the volume of rainfall also decreases and vary depending on the number of rainy days. On the other hand, the number of dry days total to 6,537 days from 1917-2000.

In terms of temperature, from 1971-2000, the months of March, April and May registered the hottest average temperature of 26.5 and the months of December, January and February the lowest of 25.1. June, July, August registered 25.8 while September, October and November registered 25.7.

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Moreover, the southwest and the northeast monsoon systems influenced the rainfall pattern that is responsible for the tropical storms that batter the entire region during the rainy season. The southwest monsoon sets in during late May and peaks during the months of November and December (Figure 8). The northeast monsoon then comes in during late October and intensifies in January and February. Overall, the area is seldom visited by storms and/or typhoons. From 1948 to 2009, only one tropical storm and one typhoon passed through the Province of Bukidnon, which affected the area. On average, the area is visited by 2 typhoons per year. It is during January and October when a number of cyclones would cross the watersheds whereas the remaining months are almost free of tropical cyclones. through the Province of Bukidnon, which affected the area. On average, the area is visited by 2 typhoons per year. It is during January and October when a number of cyclones would cross the watersheds whereas the remaining months are almost free of tropical cyclones.

Figure 8. Record of tropical cyclones that passed through the region covering the influence watersheds during the period 1948 - 2009 (PAGASA)

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Climate scenario for Bukidnon Province in 2020 and 2050

PAGASA-DOST projected the climate changes using the CNCM3 model scenarios. Based on projections, the province will be affected by changes in rainfall in various seasons and increasing occurrences of extreme events in 2020 and 2050. The projected monthly rainfall change in 2020 and 2050 under the CNCM3 model scenario in the province are presented in Table 7.

The simulated monthly rainfall ranges from 71 mm to 626 mm. The mean monthly rainfall of two scenarios (A1B and A2) was significantly different from each period. The driest month, April, still sees below 150 mm of precipitation per month. The wettest months are November and December with a monthly mean of more than 300 mm (Figure 9).

In particular, the monthly precipitation fluctuated each month for two periods. However, the most distinct changes are predicted to be in the 2050s period under A2 scenario where most likely longer dry months. Other periods closely followed the trends and patterns. Overall, a decrease of annual rainfall was predicted in each scenario for two periods as much as 40% compared to the observed scenario (Table 7).

Table 7. Projected monthly rainfall based on CNCM3 model with A1b and A2 scenarios for 2020s and 2050s periods in Bukidnon Province Observed A1B A2 Month (mm) 2020 (mm) 2050 (mm) 2020 (mm) 2050 (mm) Jan 295.5 335.7 160.6 290.1 206.9 Feb 224.1 390.4 106.1 116.9 197.6 Mar 190.4 200.0 106.4 196.5 191.0 Apr 148.3 66.5 108.6 132.9 99.5 May 208.9 304.0 261.9 176.5 98.9 Jun 278.9 167.5 311.1 271.7 71.2 Jul 337.7 146.6 368.8 335.8 97.0 Aug 378.4 391.4 412.0 208.6 128.5 Sep 236.4 226.6 271.6 333.4 176.2 Oct 273.2 132.8 271.8 366.6 207.6 Nov 314.2 456.9 304.8 274.4 285.5 Dec 436.7 626.2 351.5 382.4 204.8 Total 3322.7 3444.6 3035.1 3085.9 1964.5 Min 148.3 66.5 106.1 116.9 71.2 Max 436.7 626.2 412.0 382.4 285.5 SD 82.21 161.18 107.73 89.91 63.93 Ave 276.9 287.1 252.9 257.2 163.7 Source: PAGASA-DOST

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G. River and Drainage System

Generally, the Muleta Watershed has 74 streams and creeks (Figure 10). There are eight sub-watersheds of the Muleta River. The corresponding eight sub-watersheds of Muleta River tributaries are Baguic-ican River, Otah River, and Lantay River, located at the municipality of Pangantucan, with an approximate area of about 5,88I ha, 2,481 ha, and 5,124 ha, respectively. The other river tributaries with their corresponding sub-watersheds and approximate area are Damulog River, Lumatong River, and Omonay River, located at the municipality of Damulog, and have the following area of 3,074 ha, 4,826 ha, 3,051 ha, respectively. The Apulang sub-watershed located at the municipality of Kibawe has an area of about 2,768.58 ha. The main Muleta sub-watershed is the largest, with an approximate area of 5,669 ha, includes portions of the Municipalities of Damulog, Dangcagan, Don Carlos, Kitaotao, Kibawe, Kadingilan, Maramag, Pangantucan, Carmen, Valencia City, and Talakag.

Figure 9. Monthly rainfall based on CNCM3 model for 2020s and 2050s periods in Bukidnon Province

H. Water Quality

The Muleta Watershed has still no water classification.1 In the absence of water classification and in accordance with the Manual of Procedure for Water Classification, the Muleta Watershed is assumed to be a “Class A” waters since most of the upstream stations are under this classification. A “Class A” waters intended beneficial use is public water supply class which is usually sources of water supply that will require complete treatment (coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection) in order to meet the National Standards for Drinking Water. Also, the receiving body of water near the subproject is at the upper stream. The adjoining distance of the subproject along the river is about 600 meters.

1 Based on the EMB list of classified water bodies.

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Figure 10. River Networks of the Muleta Watershed

The water quality conditions of the upper stream of the Muleta Watershed based on DAO 34-1990 are only limited to the parameters shown in Table 8.

 The dissolved oxygen (DO) level in the upper stream is above the minimum range of 5 mg/L for Class A water.  The biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) in the upper stream of the Muleta watershed passed the set standard (5 mg/L), which means minimum degree of pollution strength of domestic and industrial wastes or has low in purification capacities of bodies of waters in receiving organic wastes.  The total suspended solids is still within the set standard 50 mg/L for class A water.  pH value of 6.88 is within the set standard (6.5 – 8.5) for class A water.  The fecal coliform and total coliform did not conform the set minimum standard for class A water.  The nitrate level in the upper stream of the Muleta Watershed is still below the DENR set standard (10 mg/L).

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 Phosphate level in the upper stream of the Muleta Watershed is within the set standard (0.1 mg/L).

Table 8. Water Quality Assessment during the 2nd Quarter (Q2) of 2017 in the Muleta Watershed

Fecal Total Phosp Hardness DO BOD TSS Coliform coliform, Nitrates hate Stations Location Mg ph mg/L mg/L mg/L MPN/100 MPN/100 mg/L mg/L CACO3/L ml ml 1 Upper stream 8.2 14 33 0 6.88 54,000 160,000 2.9 0.08 2 Middle stream 8.8 13 342 0 6.84 17,000 23,000 1.51 <0.01 3 Lower stream 7.4 12 3,117 8 6.86 110,000 79,000 5.25 0.3 Class A Water 6.5- 0.1 min 5 5 50 100 1,000 10 Guideline 8.5 (k) Values Source: Muleta River Watershed Management Plan

I. Biological Environment

Generally, the proposed subproject falls within the Muleta Watershed. It must be noted that there is no endangered and critically endangered species of fauna along the proposed road rehabilitation project during the field validations on 22 July 2016 and 28 February 2019.

Portion of Mt. Kalatungan range is part of Muleta River watershed in which its headwater emanates. This forested mountain range is habitat of various plant species and wild animals. The whole area is still rich in biodiversity that includes plants, reptiles, amphibians, and birds. Table 9 shows the summary of flora and fauna in the area.

Table 9. Summary of Flora and Fauna within the Muleta Watershed Flora No. of Species Tress and Arborescent 173 Herbs and Herbaceous 115 Shrubs and Bushes 37 Vines and Scandent 35 Ferns 17 Palms 12 Subtotal 389 Fauna No. of Species Mammals 7 Birds 67 Amphibians and Reptiles 16 Subtotal 90 Total 479 Source: Berkman Systems, Inc. (EIS Pulangi Hydroelectric Power Plant) (As cited in Lower Pulangi Watershed Management Area of the Rio Grande de Mindanao River Basin Management Framework Plan, 2014)

Biodiversity in the area is being monitored by the PASU Kalatungan through the Biodiversity Monitoring System (BMS). Bantay Lasang was deployed to monitor the area and for law enforcement specifically in the apprehending unregulated hunting of wildlife and unauthorized cutting of trees. The honorarium of the Bantay Lasang is shouldered by the PASU with a counterpart from the LGUs within the PA.

To monitor the Mt. Kalatungan Range Natural Park, PASU Kalatungan conducted a quarterly BMS which includes Focus Group Discussion among the community adjacent to the park to identify issues within the park. Based on the result of FGD, major treats of Mt.

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Kalatungan as unique natural attraction are the wildlife hunting and extraction of flora like Nito (Small rattan), Abaca, Anibong, Banag for commercial, food, roofing and medicine purposes.

J. Socio-Economic Conditions

Population

According to the 2015 population census, Kadingilan has a total number of 6,756 households and 33,778 individuals of which, 15,991 are female and 17,787 males (Table 10) with an average household size of 5, and a population growth rate of 1.24 %. Included in this population are the Indigenous People belonging to the tribe Manobo Kirentiken, composed of 329 households numbering to about 1,640 individuals (824 males and 816 females). They represent about 4.9 % of the municipality’s population.

Table 10. Population by Barangay, CY 2015 Barangay Population Male Female Number of Household (hh) Urban: Poblacion 6,367 3,354 3,013 1,273 Rural: Bagongbayan 1,552 817 735 310 Bagor 1,877 988 889 375 Balaoro 2,247 1,183 1,064 449 Baroy 1,583 832 751 317 Cabadiangan 4,638 2,441 2,197 928 Husayan 616 322 294 123 Kibalagon 1,096 575 521 219 Mabuhay 817 431 386 163 Malinao 1,181 623 558 236 Matampay 1,210 637 573 242 Sibonga 1,332 703 629 266 Pay-as 1,892 996 896 378 Pinamangguan 2,115 1,115 1,000 423 Salvacion 1,526 801 725 305 San Andres 2,408 1,271 1,137 482 Kibogtok 1,321 698 623 264 Total 33,778 17,787 15,991 6,753 (Source: Census on Population 2015)

Within the RIA, there are 4,000 males and 3,587 females with a total of 7,587 (Table 11). Among the total population, there are a total of 415 members of the Manobo Tribe composing 210 males and 205 females (Table 12). Comparing the two tables, the IPs comprise 5% of the total population within the RIA.

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Table 11. Population within Road Influence Area, 2015 Barangay/sitio Population No. of (Within RIA) Male Female Total HH Balaoro 1,183 1,064 2,247 449 Mabuhay 431 386 817 163 Pinamangguan 1.115 1,000 2,115 423 San Andres 1,271 1,137 2,408 482 Total 4,000 3,587 7,587 1,517

Table 12. Indigenous People (Manobo tribe) Barangay No, of IPs Male Female Total No. of hh Balaoro 86 74 160 32 Mabuhay 13 20 33 7 Pinamangguan 71 68 139 28 San Andres 40 43 83 17 Total 210 205 415 84

Population Density

The population density of Kadingilan stood at 203 persons per sq km in the 2015 Census on Population. This manifested a slight increase over that of the 2010 count which was pegged at 191 persons per sq.km. Like most other parts of the province, the Poblacion is the most densely populated barangay. For Brgy. Balaoro which has an area of 1,621 ha and a population of 2,247 based on the 2015 Census, the population density of the barangay is 1.39 or around 1 individual per ha.

Indigenous Peoples and People’s Organization

Based on the LGU’s assessment, the Road Influence Area (RIA) of the proposed rehabilitation encompasses Barangay Balaoro and its 3 adjacent barangays namely; Mabuhay, Pinamangguan and San Andres. Based on Table 11, the RIA has a total population of 7,587 comprising 4,000 males and 3,587 females. Out of this total population, there are also a total of 415 IPs, 210 males and 205 females, who belong to the Manobo Tribe. In Brgy. Balaoro, the DENR-INREMP has engaged the Balaoro Tigbayon Association, Inc. (BTAI) being a SEC registered organization with a coverage area of 1,665 ha based on its community map. Presently, BTAI has a total membership of 67 composing 55 males and 12 females. There are no IPs who are members of the said association.

Education

The municipality has 24 schools located in different barangays to cater to the education needs of the children. All the 17 barangays and even the 4 sitios located in remote areas have an elementary school. The San Andres National High School located in Barangay San Andres provides secondary education in the southern part of the municipality while the private elementary and high school is just located in the barangay Poblacion. The San Andres High School also established an annex and extension schools in Brgys Cabadiangan and Balaoro, to accommodate secondary school children who cannot afford to pay the transportation and boarding house rental.

An Indigenous Peoples school was also established in Sitio Marak, Barangay Bagongbayan. The school was established by the Kapit-Bisig Laban sa Kahirapan- Comprehensive and Integrated Delivery of Social Services (KALAHI-CIDSS). It is a program of the national government being implemented by the DSWD.

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Health and Sanitation

The municipality has no privately-owned medical facilities but there are 18 government-owned facilities. There is one (1) main health center/Rural Health Unit (RHU), and one (1) birthing center, located in the barangay Poblacion. These stations are not fully equipped but it caters to the health needs of barangay constituents. It shows that all barangays in the municipality have now access to health facilities and even the far-flung barangays can now avail of the health services and facilities with less difficulty.

The municipality of Kadingilan has the following personnel who cater to the health needs of people; One (1) Municipal Health Officer, One (1) Public Health Nurse, One (1) Medical Technologist II, One (1) Rural Sanitary Inspector, Sic (6) Midwives II, and One (1) midwife III. There is also a Provincial Health Station (PHS) constructed by the Provincial Government in order to accommodate patients who are members of Provincial Indigency Health Program. The PHS is manned by One (1) Medical Doctor, One (1) Registered Nurse, One (1) Medical Technologist, One (1) Health Midwife, and One (1) PHIP Coordinator.

Aside from the personnel stated above, there are also volunteers that assist the Rural Health Unit (RHU) in delivering health services to the people. These are the Barangay Health Workers (BHW), Traditional Birth Attendants, and Barangay Nutrition Scholars (BNS). In the spirit of volunteerism, these active groups/volunteers render services especially to the most remote areas, which are hardly reached by the regular health personnel.

Housing

Like other rural areas, the municipality faces the threats of the increasing number of informal settlers along road rights of way and Disaster Risk Areas. However, the municipality tends to counter this threat by organizing the Municipal Housing Board to ensure that the households/families affected will be provided with decent and affordable housing units which are resilient to disaster and adaptive to climate change. Majority of the occupied housing units in Kadingilan have roof that are made up of galvanized iron/aluminum. This accounts about 90.27% to total (or about 8,408) dwelling units and about 47.41% of the total housing units with walls that are made up of wood.

As to the condition of the building and year built, data shows that more than 65 percent of housing units need no repair of if at all needs minor repair only. And also, 1,786 or about 25 percent housing units need major repair while only 18 or 0.70 percent housing units are dilapidated or condemned. The LGU- Kadingilan and the Provincial Government of Bukidnon allocated funds for the construction of residential houses. Initially there were 27 houses already occupied by the target beneficiaries.

Income and Expenditure

The 2015 financial operation of the municipality from combined income sources is P 92,926,764.22 of which P 80,184,360.00 is earned from Internal Revenue Allotment (IRA) constituting 86.31% of the total income. For the past five (5) years 2011-2015 the municipality generated an average annual income of P 74,974,595.80 all funds combined with an average growth rate of 9.83%. The IRA from 2011 to 2015 increased with an average growth rate 8.75%. The biggest increase of IRA was in 2015 wherein it was increased to P 80,184,360 in the current year. The figure continued to grow with an annual average growth rate of 8.75%.

Other sources of income generated by the municipality are the miscellaneous revenue and tax revenue collection. For the year 2015 the municipality earned P 12,742,404.22 from local sources which constitutes 13.69% of the total income. From 2011-2015.The municipality generated an average annual income of P 7,468,468.86 from local sources resulting to an

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annual average growth rate of 16.17%. Within the comparative five (5) years, it was in 2013- 14 where the municipality reached the highest amount of collection which posted a growth rate of 19.82%. The growth was attributed to the strict implementation of Municipal Ordinances coupled with the volume of projects for the farm to market roads which caters the increase in the income for the economic enterprise due to rent of heavy equipment during the implementation of various projects and the enhancement of our water system has also contributed to the growth of our local sources.

Although the LGU’s income for the past five years have posted an average of P 74,974,595.80 or 9.83% of average growth rate, the municipality expended P 92,355,104.39 for the year 2015, which shows an increase of 60% from the 2011 expenditures. Expenses for maintenance and other operating services covered the biggest chunk of local expenditures and this steadily increased by an average growth rate of 11.48% or P37,265,788.96 in average for the last five years.

Comparing the LGU’s income and expenditures for the past five years, the LGU has not incurred any loss or deficits in its financial management, thus resulting to savings acquired for the operational year. As recorded, expenditure during 2004 disclosed only 82.37% of the income resulting to a savings of P9, 598,577.18 or 17.63% of the income. However, the LGU’s budgetary reserves are usually allocated for emergency and fortuitous events response and management.

For the Barangay of Balaoro, the 2017 financial operation from combined income sources is Php 2,524,323 of which Php 2,292,723.00 is earned from Internal Revenue Allotment. It is observed that the biggest bulk of revenue generated was the government share which covers 90.82% of the total income.

In terms of expenditures, the barangay expended Php 2,234,615.99 for the year 2017. This covers Personal Services, Maintenance and Other Operating Expenses, Capital Outlay, 20% Local Development Fund and Calamity Fund. The same as the municipality, the remaining budget is usually allotted for emergency response and management.

Tourism

Ecotourism in Kadingilan has yet to be brought to a higher level. Though potential spots have already been identified for development, several factors hinder the implementation, such as; lack of funds, or considered as low priority for funding. Some of the areas identified include; the Taytay Onggoy Cave, Lasangaon cave, Pinamangguan Falls, Payao Hill, Malinao Rice Terraces, Busay Waterfall, Bahukanon Waterfall, and Panas Hill. Table 13 below shows the potential tourist attractions particularly within the subproject’s RIA.

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Table 13. Potential Tourist Attractions in the Municipality Barangay Potential Attraction Taytay Onggoy cave Pinamanggguan Waterfalls San Andres underground water/cave Bagor Payao Hills Cabadiangan Swimming pool SWIP-Eco Tourism Balaoro Municipal Tree Park Poblacion Swimming pool Malinao Rice terraces

Commerce and Industry

Other economic activities providing income include; commerce, and trading. Buying and selling agricultural products and retailing of various commodities are the common commercial activities in the area. For a few, their income source is through employment to either public or private institutions or as hired skilled and unskilled laborers to some businesses of large farms.

Recent data shows that there is an increase in commercial establishments performing economic activities specifically in Wholesale and Retail Trade in terms of number and persons employed which are 2.68 % and 2.56 % respectively, restaurants and communication facilities has no increase since the number remains and persons employed. Financial intermediaries show significant increase in terms of persons employed in though minimal increasing trend in number of establishments. Establishments extending social works, social and personal service activities remain the same in number and no increase for year 2014 and 2015.

Industries in the municipality are considered small scale agri-based industry. At present, there are 14 rice mills ,12 corn mills serving the farmers and consumers within 17 barangays. Potential industries are present in the municipality like cacao processing which is located at Barangay Balaoro and considered as the one town-one product of the municipality. Rubber processing, muscovado processing. Livestock industry is mostly limited to backyard production, only three (3) commercial growers are identified as commercial hog raisers. Backyard livestock raisers raised for food family consumption additional family income. Commercial outlets are Valencia City, Cagayan de Oro city and nearby public market

Electricity

The Municipality is being traversed by the NPC transmission line but the supply of electricity is under the franchise of the First Bukidnon Electric Cooperative (FIBECO). All the 17 Barangays within the Municipality are already energized and there are 5,013 households or about 74.20 percent of the total have already access to electric power supply and only 1,715 households (29.39%) do not have access yet.

Due to physical distance which requires relatively high cost of investment, some of the settlements both in urban and rural Barangays do not have access to power supply. However, there are sitios in two barangays used the Solar panel as their source of power. These barangays are Cabadiangan and Pay-as.

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Communication

Kadingilan was linked to the rest of the world due to the Philippine Postal Corporation that provides postal service; cell phone which has three (3) cell site towers in the municipality by using external antennae, and via satellite phone at private tawag centers, at the mayor’s office and in every barangay office. Telecommunications includes the provincial government communication network, municipal communication system through MDRRMO office and information are through televisions, dream cable subscribers, AM/FM radios and through local papers available in Kadingilan and national papers available in Malaybalay City and Valencia City.

Likewise, the municipality is equipped with two-way VHF radio transceiver supported by numbers of handheld radios distributed throughout the Barangays but the value of significant uses of the facilities has been depreciated with the coming-in of cellular phones at affordable cost.

Road and Transportation

The transportation facilities that serve the municipality from Poblacion to the different barangays are the public utility jeepneys, Public Utility Buses, and single motorcycles for hire or “habal-habal”. However, public utility buses also serve barangays along the national highway.

The residents of the barangay and the people passing through the Rapagas-Macao access road are experiencing inconvenience and hazard brought about by its poor condition. In order to reach the Sitios on time, people are riding on a passenger motorcycle or habal- habal, paying a higher fare because these are only available during delivery of goods and during market day. On the other hand, farm inputs and farm produce are transported by animal driven carts and trucks.

During rainy season, it is very difficult for motor vehicles to pass through the access road because it is highly dilapidated, with numerous depressions and eroded surface, which also makes it very dangerous to travel on. In line with this, several road accidents have been recorded by the barangay. The frequency of route interval for the passenger motorcycle or habal-habal is dictated by the availability of the riding passengers. The same situation also happens to trucks and large vehicles because they are only available during delivery of goods and during purchase of farm produce.

V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

The IEE, based on the screening of baseline environment and review of proposed civil works, has not identified any major environmental concerns due to proposed rehabilitation of Rapagas to Macao Access Road given that all the proposed civil works are only asset preservation of existing roadway and are located within existing right of way. There will only be localized short-term impacts during construction activities due to implementation of civil works that will be addressed in the detailed design and through implementation of the mitigation and monitoring measures specified in the environmental management plan. These construction related impacts can be mitigated by 1) the contractors’ work practices, especially those related to the systematized demolition procedure consistent with approved standard safety requirements; 2) cooperation by the local authorities with the contractor in terms of use of public space and utilities; 3) project management’s strict enforcement of the correct construction practices and standards; 4) the incorporation of the mitigation measures identified

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in the IEE into the bid documents and specifications; and 5) close monitoring of the contractor’s implementation of the required mitigation measures.

The potential environmental impacts resulting from implementation of civil works are expected to be minor and likely short-term since the improvement works will involve a minimal widening and alignment adjustments. Potential environmental impacts that could be expected from the Subproject are described in Table 14.

Table 14. Assessment of Potential Environmental Impacts Potential Environmental Impacts Excavation/ Subgrade to Cross Stone Portland or Values the Subproject Embankment Base Course Drainage Masonry/ Cement construction would likely create: Grouted Concrete Riprap Pavement Land surface disturbance – surface minor minor minor minor minor scrapping, top soil erosion, and vegetative clearing Affects temporal water regime: minor minor minor minor minor decrease water quantity and quality and flow regularity or seasonality due to altered drainage patterns, water way configuration, sedimentation, turbidity, as well as river flow diversion Altered or impaired hydrology of the minor minor minor minor minor immediate area: increase peak and flood flows and irregular stream flow Decrease in downstream natural minor minor minor minor minor resources’ economic and social values/uses Decrease site’s attraction in terms of none none none minor minor losing some geological or geomorphological values, particularly those of known local, national or international nature conservation importance Vegetation loss affecting rare minor species habitats, particularly of none none none none known local, national or international nature conservation importance Adverse impact on local and minor transient fauna species (those species whose range may include none none none none the project site), particularly those of known local, national or international nature conservation importance. Bio-invasion of new strain of pests, none none none none none weeds or rare diseases Frequent incurrence and increased none none none none none intensity of grassfire Contamination of the immediate minor and/or broader environment cause minor minor minor minor by the storage or use of chemicals needed for the construction works Air particulate emissions which may minor cause atmospheric / environmental pollution impacting on human health minor minor minor minor and livelihood at local or larger scale during construction phase Excessive solid waste accumulation minor minor minor minor minor during infrastructure construction Increase in noise and/or vibration minor minor minor minor minor during construction Unnatural lighting effects that may none impact upon flora and fauna, or minor minor minor minor deplete the sense of naturalness of the area Natural landscape fragmentation none none none none none and discontinuity Adverse impact on land use and the minor minor minor minor minor amenity values of adjacent or

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Potential Environmental Impacts Excavation/ Subgrade to Cross Stone Portland or Values the Subproject Embankment Base Course Drainage Masonry/ Cement construction would likely create: Grouted Concrete Riprap Pavement downstream areas (including the integrity of agricultural land, or other industry that the local community may depend on) Adverse impact on existing or minor potential recreational value and quality of known traditional minor minor minor minor experience associated to site natural setting Adverse impact or alter on-sites’ minor visual value and its surrounding area none none none minor -from different vantage points Rating: None= No adverse impact; Minor= slight negative impact and momentary; Moderate=severe negative impact with duration more than a year or permanent with far reaching spatial range

Pre-Construction

Confirmation of no required resettlement, relocations, and compensation

This will be undertaken prior to the commencement of any civil works. The proponent shall conduct consultation meetings with directly affected barangay and concerned PO’s and IP’s and information awareness campaign regarding subproject location.

Identification and prioritization of road section where re-gravelling and concreting will be done

Identification and prioritization of road sections will be given information and participation of the community, particularly women and marginalized sectors. A subproject site validation will be facilitated to ensure that the INREMP validation process on subproject implementation is being complied with and hold consultative meetings with balanced representation of men and women and affected persons on the subproject components and management plan.

Preparation of detailed engineering designs and programs of work

The detailed engineering designs and programs of work for the subproject have been prepared by the LGU for the completion of the proposed upgraded access road. The detailed designs shall include the re-gravelling, concreting, installation of the pipe culvert and storm drains, and the provision of the stone masonry or grouted riprap.

The LGU with assistance from Technical Assistance-Project Management Implementation Consultant (TA-PMIC) will ensure that relevant provisions of the EMP in terms of implementation of environmental mitigation measures, monitoring activities, supervision and reporting are included for civil works and construction supervision.

Recruitment of workers

The potential impact of the subproject will be hiring of skilled local workers and other unskilled jobs. A robust “local first” hiring policy will be designed and be implemented in coordination with local officials and community leaders especially at the barangay and municipal levels. The Contractor will be required to follow the “local first” hiring policy.

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Construction

Construction materials acquisition, transport access, and storage system

The contractors will source construction materials including soil materials and aggregates from licensed sources. Uncontrolled sourcing of such materials could lead to environmental impacts such as the loss of topsoil or the disfigurements of the landscape from borrow pits. Earthen embankments and material stockpiles will be susceptible to erosion, particularly during the rains and re-suspension of dust during the dry seasons.

Local roads will be damaged during transportation of borrow materials and by the construction equipment. In order to reduce impact on all borrow sites, contractors will water the local roads close to the settlements used by the borrow trucks. As much as possible, contractors will not make use of productive agricultural land. In case this is unavoidable, the contractor will obtain consent from the land owner and will restore the site to its original condition after completion of civil works.

Clearing and removal of obstructions

The contractor will initiate clearing and removal of obstructions on the existing road which would result to damage landscape. However, the vegetation, mostly grasses and shrubs, present in the site are common and will recover after the construction. The contractor will not use or permit the use of wood as a fuel for the execution of any part of the works, including but not limited to the extent practicable shall ensure that fuels other than wood are used for cooking.

Soil erosion

Soil erosion and unstable side slopes susceptible to landslides are noticed along subproject road. The impact of soil erosion and unstable side slope are increased run off and sedimentation causing a greater flood hazard to the downstream, loss of topsoil affects the growth of vegetation that causes ecological imbalances, and development of unsightly cuts and fills that have been riddled by uncontrolled erosion and gullying. Construction activities in high slope areas should be taken up only during the dry season. Other mitigating measures that the contractor needs to undertake to address soil erosion include (i) re-vegetation with grass and shrubs, (ii) terracing, and (iii) creating diversion canals to prevent water from directly draining into exposed soil.

During operation, silt load in the river is expected to be minor due to slope protection structures installed. The contractor will also be required to make additional measures to minimize erosion and landslides during construction phase such as 1) minimize damage and cutting of surrounding vegetation during slope formation, 2) prevent erosion and protect the cut slope with temporary drainage as soon as practicable after cutting, and 3) If new erosion occurs accidentally, back fill immediately to restore original contours.

Ground surface leveling, re-gravelling and concreting

During the ground surface levelling, re-gravelling, and concreting of the existing road, the potential impacts would be minor and short-termed to the terrestrial and aquatic resources as well as to the quality of surface water in the river. The contractor is expected to do the following: 1) The construction site should be located away from forested or plantation areas, 2) All construction fluids such as oils, and fuels should be stored and handled away from forested and plantation areas, 3) No waste of any kind is to be discarded on land or in forests/plantations, 4) Erosion channels must be built around aggregate stockpile areas to

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contain rain-induced erosion, 5) Earthworks should be conducted during dry periods, 6) No waste of any kind is to be thrown in surface waters, 7) No washing or repair of machinery near surface waters, 8) Pit latrines to be located away from surface waters, 9) No unnecessary earthworks in or adjacent to water courses, 10) No aggregate mining from rivers, and 11) Minimize the use of heavy equipment at steep slopes.

Civil works

The subproject will involve re-gravelling of 2,710 meters, concreting of 450 meters, installation of pipe culverts, and installation of the grouted riprap. The main impacts on land during construction are from air pollution, land and water contamination, and traffic and access problems. The contractor will apply stated mitigating measures during re-gravelling and slope protection at Station 0+080 - 0+ 260 (i.e. left and right side grouted riprap, Class A) such as 1) piling of aggregates at sites should be used/or removed promptly, or covered and placed in non-traffic areas, and 2) all spills should be cleaned immediately and handled as per hazardous waste management plan, and according to government regulations.

Implementation of noise and dust control measure

During construction, air quality is likely to be degraded by exhaust emissions from the operation of construction equipment, and dust generated from haul roads, unpaved roads, exposed soils and material stock piles.

In order to mitigate these, the following will be implemented: 1) regularly water spraying of unpaved road surface, 2) provide face masks to protect workers from dust, 3) cover or keep moist all stockpiles of construction aggregates, and all truckloads of aggregates, 4) minimize the time for excavations and exposed soil are left open or exposed, 5) backfill immediately after work is completed, 6) restrict working time between 8:00 am and 5:00 pm, 7) maintain equipment in proper working condition, 8) replace unnecessarily noisy vehicles and machinery, 9) vehicles and machinery to be turned off when not in use, and 10) construct temporary noise barriers around excessively noisy activity areas when necessary.

Dust and noise from borrow pits and the road construction

Noise and dust may be generated from borrow pits and the road construction. The contractor will ensure the following mitigating measures: 1) provision of noise control measures such as, use of well-maintained vehicles and equipment, 2) watering of the earth roads close to the settlements, use covered truck, 3) secure appropriate environmental permits prior to use, 4) the borrow and material dumping sites must be access controlled to keep away unauthorized entry of people, grazing cattle and any other stray animals, and 5) protective gear like ear plugs will be provided to operating personnel if they are exposed to uncomfortable noise levels.

It is pointed out that the subproject will have no borrow pits. Instead, the excavated materials or soils will be used to back-fill in the existing subprojects of the LGU.

Implementation of spoil management and control measure

The contractor will ensure that there will be no contamination of land and surface waters from excavated spoils, and construction wastes. The uncontaminated spoils or any surplus excavation materials will be disposed to the designated site. The identified site at BUKSU Kadingilan Satellte Campus is about 12 km away from the subproject site (Appendix 3).

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Solid and liquid construction waste management system

Solid and liquid construction waste management system will be facilitated to avoid contamination of land and surface water from the construction wastes. The management of general solid and liquid wastes of construction will follow government regulations to include covering, collecting, handling, transporting, recycling, and disposing waste created from construction activities and the work force. A schedule of solid and liquid waste pickup and disposal will be established and followed to ensure construction sites are as clean as possible. All solid wastes will be separated and recyclables be donated to the barangay. All solid waste will be collected and removed from the work camps and dispose in local waste disposal sites.

Water quality

1. The subproject has potential impacts on water quality due to washing of equipment (i.e. vehicles and concrete mixers), and leakage and spills from discharge from worker camps to the water resources. To mitigate, there should be a 1) set up proper and adequate sanitary facilities, 2) ensure strict observance of proper waste handling and disposal and proper sanitation including by the contractors and its workers, 3) provide wastewater treatment facility (e.g., septic tank), and 4) trucks and other vehicle maintenance should be strictly controlled to prevent the discharge of waste into the river system. Wastewater from the construction works containing high concentration of suspended solids should be collected through a sedimentation tank located within the construction bunk house areas. The sedimentation tank is an unlined hole in the ground which will allow the liquid to seep through the soil and the accumulated solids will be scooped out to the sacks. A layer of accumulated solids forms at the bottom of the tank and will be periodically removed.

Construction drainage system

The contractor shall construct drainage systems to facilitate drainage and rain water natural channels. The contractor will also provide adequate short-term drainage away from construction sites to prevent ponding and flooding.

Workers health, safety and hygiene

Construction sites are likely to have public health impacts. Contractors will ensure that no untreated wastewater is discharged in the river and that no site-specific landfills will be established at the construction camps. There will be a potential for diseases to be transmitted, exacerbated by inadequate health and safety practices. The contractor will therefore be required to recruit or designate a health and safety officer to address such concerns in the work sites and liaise/work with the nearby communities.

Mitigation measures include: 1) proper fencing, protective barriers, and buffer zones should be provided around all construction sites, 2) sufficient signage and information disclosure, and supervisors and night guards should be placed, 3) worker and public safety guidelines should be followed, 4) provide adequate sanitation and waste disposal at construction sites, 5) the contractor will not hire children and pregnant women, 6) standing water suitable for disease vector breeding should be filled in, 7) worker education and awareness seminars for construction hazards should be given at the beginning of the construction phase. A construction site safety program should be developed and distributed to workers, 8) appropriate safety clothing, footwear, gloves, hard hats, eye protection and other PPE should be mandatory for all construction workers, 9) adequate medical services must be on site or nearby all construction site, 10) drinking water must be provided at all construction sites, 11) sufficient lighting be used during necessary night work, and 12) all construction sites should be examined daily to ensure unsafe conditions are removed.

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Traffic safety and management

Throughout the construction period, the contractor should ensure that affected people are provided adequate and safe access to properties (structures, land, etc.). During construction, the contractor is responsible for ensuring that all construction vehicles observe speed limits (maximum of 20 kph) on the construction sites and to provide adequate signage, barriers, and flag persons for traffic control.2 Sign postings such as ‘men working’, ‘Keep left/right’, ‘construction ahead’, and ‘speed limit’, should be used for traffic management and road safety. As much as possible, road works will be confined to one half of the road width at each section to provide access to pedestrian and vehicles during construction works.

Ecological environment (Flora and Fauna)

Rehabilitation work will directly cause minor degradation of the local ecology through the clearance of small areas of vegetation at major work sites. A short-term impact on ecology along the rehabilitated road is likely to occur in worksites during the construction period due to minor vegetation clearance. Vegetative cover stripped from the locations described above will be kept for slope protection.

Meanwhile, the potential impacts from construction worker camps are poaching of edible animals and birds of the locality in spite of prohibitions. The contractors’ will be responsible for providing adequate knowledge to the workers regarding the protection of fauna. In short, all workers will be prohibited from hunting wild animals.

Damage to properties

Another potential impact during construction is damaged to properties (structures, irrigation, farmland) and access roads due to civil works, transport of materials and other project-related activities. To address this impact, the contractor will immediately repair and/or compensate for any damage that it causes to properties (houses, farmlands, aquaculture ponds, irrigation canals, and others), community facilities such as water supply, power supply, communication facilities and the like. Access roads used for transport of construction materials and other construction-related activities will be maintained by the Contractor in at least in their pre-project condition for the duration of construction.

Concrete washout

2. The discharge of cement-laden water and slurry during concrete mixing may contaminate water resources and damage productive land in the surrounding areas. To mitigate possible effects of cement-laden water and slurry, the Contractor shall 1) collect and retain all the concrete washout water and solids in leak proof containers, so that this does not reach the soil surface and then migrate to surface waters or into the ground water, 2) recycle the collected concrete washout water and solids, and/or 3) use of a washout pit made with a plastic lining that can be dug into the ground or built above grade.

Use of hazardous substances

Storage and use of fuel, lubricant and other toxic and hazardous chemicals will have potential impacts on soil surface and groundwater contamination. To address this impact, vehicle maintenance and refueling will be confined to areas in construction sites designed (with concrete flooring, drainage leading to oil and water separator, etc.) to contain spilled lubricants and fuels. Spill waste will be disposed to sites approved by the concerned

2 Joint Memorandum of DOT, DPWH and DILG sets the maximum allowable speed at 20 kph in barangay roads.

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government agency and following national regulations. Adequate precaution will be taken to prevent oil/lubricant/ hazardous substances contamination of channel beds. Spillage if any will be immediately cleared with utmost caution to leave no traces. All areas intended for storage of hazardous materials will be quarantined and provided with adequate facilities to combat emergency situations such as fire, spills, etc. in compliance with all the applicable statutory stipulation. The personnel in-charge of these sites will be properly trained and these areas will be access controlled and entry will be allowed only under authorization. Hazardous wastes will be collected, stored, transported and disposed consistent with national regulations to ensure that these will not cause pollution of surrounding areas.

Public safety

Some of the mitigation measures that should be implemented are as follows: To mitigate this impact, the following should be addressed by the Contractor: 1) installation of sturdy fencing around excavation areas and construction sites, 2) provision of proper signage and lighting at night at the periphery of the construction site to warn and direct traffic and pedestrians, 3) deployment of security personnel in hazardous areas to restrict public access, 4) imposition of speed limits for construction vehicles along residential areas and where there are other sensitive receptors, and 5) orientation of drivers on safe driving practices to minimize accidents and to prevent spill of hazardous substances and other construction materials during transport.

Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Phase

Operation of upgraded access road

The rehabilitation of Rapagas to Macao access road will have potentials impacts both positive and negative to the area. The negative impacts will directly involve the increased risk of accident or injury, air pollution and noise, and unplanned urbanization. However, the positive impacts will mainly focus on increased delivery of agricultural products, provide access to natural resources management project sites, and open for tourism businesses. To mitigate these impacts, the LGU of Kadingilan and other concerned agencies shall initiate and implement the following: 1) set speed limit when passing through populated area, 2) provide appropriate warning signs and lighting, 3) regular removal of debris, logs and other materials along drainage canals to avoid clogging, 4) regular vegetation control along run-off area to ensure free flow, 5) ensure that existing environmental management policies are effectively implemented and proper coordination involves different agencies, 6) adherence to land use and zoning regulations, and 7) promote tourism in the area through advertisement from the local and nationwide venue.

VI. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION

Stakeholder Consultations

The IEE process included stakeholder participation and consultation to help LGUs achieve public acceptance of the Sub-project. A series of consultations in Barangay Balaoro together with the local government unit of Kadingilan confirmed that the rehabilitation of Rapagas to Macao Access Road is essential for economic development.

On 18-22 July 2016, the team arrived at the Municipality of Kadingilan and initiated a meeting with the LGU’s Sub Project Management Unit (SPMU) and field implementing units to discuss the objectives of the visit. After the meeting, site or ocular inspection was conducted to validate the scope of works and location. Subsequently, a write shop was also conducted

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which was attended by the Municipal Administrator, SPMU, barangay officials, and INREMP local staff. The consultation with barangay officials and residents confirmed that the rehabilitation of the access road is essential for economic development. On 7 August 2017, the proponent with the technical assistance of the consultant has made presentation of the Subproject describing the objective of the consultations, project description, proposed civil works, and anticipated social and environmental impacts and their mitigation measures (Appendix 4).

The consultations went very well and effective and the discussions were documented (Table 15). The results of the consultation were positive, with local people considering that the road will bring significant economic benefits to the barangays and increase trade flows. Concerns on the subproject mainly revolved on its construction phase which can be mitigated. No long term negative environmental impact assessed by the participants. Majority of the respondents cited ease of transport as one of the direct benefits of the road and they are not anticipating any negative impact of the subproject to the environment.

During the forum, the proposed subproject was thoroughly discussed by all concerned parties and they resolved that the road access rehabilitation is within an existing ancestral domain claim (Appendix 5 & 6). Based on the 2016 NCIP data, Barangay Balaoro including 3 other barangays is within an Ancestral Domain claim which is currently on process at the NCIP Provincial Office. The head claimant, who is at the same time the municipality’s IPMR, has certified regarding such claim. Accordingly, a Contract of Usufruct has been signed among the Council of Elders of Barangay Balaoro, LGU Officials, NCIP and the DENR on 11 June 2017. In addition, the said tribal council has also issued a Resolution of Consent for the implementation of the access road rehabilitation under DENR-INREMP (Appendix 7).

Initially, barangay and municipal resolutions were crafted affirming the interest of the local government unit to apply, negotiate, avail financing grant from the INREMP of the DENR thru the municipal development fund office, and undertake other acts necessary for the effective implementation of Rehabilitation of the Rapagas to Macao Access Road (Appendix 8).

Table 15. Summary of Stakeholder Views of the Road Rehabilitation in Kadingilan, Bukidnon Key Issue Responses Benefits from the road rehabilitation The following are the responses of the participants when expressed by on-site and off-site asked what benefits they’re expecting to gain from the stakeholders subproject:  Increase access to health services and other government services  Improvement in the access to educational facilities  Increase in household income.  Provision of jobs to qualified IPs as contractual laborer. Pre- construction phase issues  No issues were identified in this phase. The participants, however, emphasized the need to have a ritual before rehabilitation starts. The contractor may accidentally spill  The barangay LGU will monitor the proper disposal diesel and used oils in refueling their and storage of wastes by the contract. An agreement heavy equipment. must be done between LGU and the contractor to put up signages for proper liquid waste disposal and provide containers for diesel and used oil. Increase in suspended dust particles  Wet areas of dust sources along vehicle rout, cover along unpaved roads, obnoxious gas cargoes with tarpaulin sheets or equivalent covering and particulate emissions

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Key Issue Responses Improper disposal of sanitary and  Provision of toilet facilities to workers, provision of solid waste from the workers’ bunk trash bins for proper segregation and disposal of house biodegradables from non-biodegradables increase in suspended dust  Ensure compliance of equipment to manufacturers’ particulates, obnoxious gas and maintenance requirements and to government particulate emissions and increased emission standards noise levels during grading and excavation work Obstruction of public access through  Provide access thru the site by proper scheduling of roads during grading operation and grading and excavation works excavation works loud noise of trucks and equipment in  The contractor will avoid night-time construction the community especially at night works considering also that the barangay has an causing disturbance at night time. existing ordinance on the observance of curfew. Construction workers roaming around  The Barangay has an ordinance pertaining to curfew during night time. from 10:00 PM to 4:00AM. Presence of trees along the  On February 28, 2019, the LGU together with the construction site PPMO conducted a resurvey to determine whether or not the proposed access road to be rehabilitated will affect the two (2) gmelina and two (2) coconut trees and to make adjustments to evade them, if necessary. As a result, it was found out that the existing widths of the access road where the said trees are located already have an existing measurement of 7-8 meters. Thus, considering the 7- meter width of the proposed road to be rehabilitated based on the POW, the said trees will not be affected by the rehabilitation. Presence of Ancestral Domain  As confirmed by the IPMR during the consultation, the barangay is within an ancestral domain claim. Operation and Maintenance Phase Obstruction of run-off along  regular removal of debris, logs and other materials drainage canals causing run-off along drainage canals to avoid clogging overflow leading to erosion of the road Over speeding of all vehicles Passing  Presently, the Barangay has an ordinance on speed. by in residential areas Wild life habitat affected  The IPs and Non-IPs living in the area will give safeguards to the wild life habitat. Impact mitigation measures  Aside from the anticipated issues and its corresponding mitigations/ responses mentioned on the previous table, the TA-PMIC also identified potential issues and mitigation measures that the subproject might face. These issues and measures are all captured on the Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan of Kadingilan, Bukidnon.

Information Disclosure

After study completion, the IEE documenting the mitigation measures and consultation process will be submitted to ADB for posting on their website. The DENR-FMB, DENR Regional Office, the Municipality of Kadingilan, the BLGU of Balaoro, and the concerned Provincial Environmental and Natural Resource Officer will make available the copy of the IEE report to the public.

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VII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

The Local Government Unit of Kadingilan has properly conducted the consultations with the different stakeholders of the sub-project site. However, it still has to make room for possible issues, concerns, or grievances and disputes arising from the communities in relation to the project implementation. Thus, it sets up a Grievance Redress Mechanism to provide a venue for resolving grievances and disputes even at the lowest level. This will be done to resolve disputes as early and as quickly as possible before it escalates to an unmanageable level.

Since, the community consultations were conducted smoothly and no adverse or violent reactions have been noted, there are only minor grievances that are anticipated which may arise due to the project implementation, which are listed below:

(i) Road accessibility related grievances – This may include complaints from communities using the roads under repair or construction due to temporary obstruction, which may cause delay in travel time and other inconveniences of the travelling public.

(ii) Construction related grievances – Community members may demand to be hired as part of the labor force in the project construction/implementation. This may also include complaints of community members regarding noise, drainage, and etc.

(iii) Indigenous Peoples related grievances – may come from IPs residing within the influence areas concerned with potential effects to ecological and social resources of their area/abode.

If case grievances and disputes do arise, there are existing groups in the area which can be tapped to form part of the GRM. In fact, different active groups exist in the area such as the Barangay Development Council (BDC) with its Lupon which is mainly in-charge of settling disputes related to barangay administration, and the IP Chieftain and IP Mandatory Representative, which also takes care of resolving disputes relating to the indigenous people residing in the Barangay Liguron.

A subproject-specific grievance redress mechanism will be established at the PPCO to receive, evaluate and facilitate the complaints/grievances of affected persons on the sub- project’s environmental performance. This mechanism will be disclosed to the host communities before start of civil works.

The grievance redress committee (GRC) will be chaired by the PPCO head. Members will include the following: (i) designated GRM officer of PPCO, (ii) contractor’s highest official at the site such as the Construction Manager or the Construction Superintendent; and (iii) barangay chairperson. For the quick filing of complaints, the GRC will use the attached grievance intake form (Appendix 9). The PPCO's GRM officer will be responsible for registration of grievances and communication with the aggrieved party.

The steps to be followed in filing complaints and the procedures for redress are the following:

(i) complainant will provide the background and file the complaint verbally or in writing to the PPCO, and the PPCO's GRM officer will assist the complainant in filling-up the grievance intake form; (ii) within 2 working days, the GRM Officer, contractor’s representative, and

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complainant will discuss if the complaint can be resolved without calling for a GRC meeting; (iii) within 3 days of lodging the complaint, the PPCO's GRM officer will provide the complainant a written feedback on the process, steps and timeframe for resolving the complaint. (iv) if the complaint cannot be resolved, a GRC meeting with the complainant will be called within 5 working days; (v) the GRC will have 15 working days to resolve the complaint; (vi) the complainant will receive feedback from the PPCO's GRM officer within 5 working days after the various steps of the GRM are completed; and (vii) if unsatisfied with the decision, the existence of the GRC will not impede the complainant's access to the Government's judicial, administrative remedies or through concerned government agencies (e.g., Community Environment and Natural Resources Office and Provincial Environment and Natural Resources Office of DENR, Regional offices of the Environmental Management Bureau, etc.)

The GRC will receive, follow-up and prepare monthly reports regarding all complaints, disputes or questions received about the Project and corresponding actions taken to resolve the issues. These reports will be included in the semi-annual environmental monitoring reports to be submitted to ADB.

All grievance complaints will be posted in respective Barangay and LGU Bulletin Boards for public disclosure and information. The functioning of the grievance redress mechanism will be regularly monitored and evaluated by the DENR-INREMP, during project implementation.

Grievance Among IPs

Giving primacy to the traditional conflict resolution system, grievances will be handled following the procedure outlined below. In resolving disputes among the indigenous peoples, the determination or decision is usually reached through dialogue and consensus. There may be several conflict resolution sessions according to the specific tribe’s customary laws before the dispute may be resolve. Thus, there is no clear definite timeline on when the conflict or dispute should be settled at the level of the clan and the Council of Elders.

(i) Dispute/grievance will be resolved first among the members of the clan; (ii) If the said grievance/dispute is not resolved at the clan level, this will be brought to the level of the Council of Elders (COE); and (iii) If still unresolved at the COE level, the said dispute/grievance will be submitted to the NCIP Regional Hearing Officer (RHO), for resolution, where the decision will be final and executory. The dispute/ grievance will be heard and adjudicated in accordance with the Rules on Pleadings, Practice and Procedures before the NCIP.

VIII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

Implementation Arrangements

Institutions responsible for executing and monitoring the implementation of the EMP are presented in Table 16.

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Table 16. Responsibilities for EMP Implementation Agency Responsibilities LGU of Kadingilan, Bukidnon • Executing agency with overall responsibility for project construction and operation • Ensure that sufficient funds are available to properly implement the EMP • Ensure that Project implementation complies with Government environmental policies and regulations • Ensure that the Project, regardless of financing source, complies with the provisions of the EMP and ADB Safeguard Policy Statement 2009 • Obtain necessary environmental approval(s) from the Environmental Management Bureau and/or other concerned government agencies prior to commencement of civil works • Ensure that tender and contract documents for design, supervision and civil works include the relevant EMP requirements • Establish and implement the grievance redress mechanism • Submit semi-annual monitoring reports on EMP implementation to ADB. Barangay Baloro (as end users) • Undertake the participatory monitoring and evaluation before, during and after the subproject implementation PPMO and WMPCO • Closely monitor contractor’s environmental performance and over-all implementation of the EMP • Prepare semi-annual environmental monitoring reports on status of EMP implementation for submission to ADB • Based on the results of EMP monitoring, identify environmental corrective actions and prepare a corrective action plan, as necessary, for submission to ADB  Responsible for coordinating with EMB, Local Government Units (LGU), and other concerned agencies related to environmental aspects for maintaining project`s compliance with environmental permits. NPCO  Provide guidance and fund allocation  Assist and prepare semi-annual environmental monitoring reports of the subproject.  Closely supervise and monitor the contractor’s implementation of mitigation measures specified in the EMP .  Assist SPMU and WMPCO in preparing semi-annual environmental monitoring reports on status of EMP implementation. Such report will include results of ambient environmental monitoring to be conducted by the contractors. TA – PMIC and NPCO  Review IEE report and endorsed to ADB for clearance.  Review monitoring reports NPCO  Provide guidance and fund allocation  Assist and prepare semi-annual environmental monitoring reports of the subproject.  Closely supervise and monitor the contractor’s implementation of mitigation measures specified in the EMP.  Assist SPMU and WMPCO in preparing semi-annual environmental monitoring reports on status of EMP implementation. Such report will include results of ambient environmental monitoring to be conducted by the contractors. Contractors • Recruit qualified environmental and safety officer to ensure compliance with environmental statutory requirements, contractual obligations and EMP provisions • Provide sufficient funding and human resources for proper and timely implementation of required mitigation and monitoring measures in the EMP  Implement additional environmental mitigation measures, as necessary, to avoid, minimize and/or compensate for adverse impacts due to construction works and related activities performed by the contractor. EMB – DENR • Review and approve environmental assessment reports required by the Government  Undertake monitoring of the project’s environmental performance based on their mandate ADB • Conduct periodic site visits to assess status of EMP implementation and over-all environmental performance of the Project • Review environmental monitoring reports submitted by the executing agency to ensure that adverse impacts and risks are properly addressed  Publicly disclose through posting on ADB’s website environmental monitoring reports, corrective action plans, new or updated IEE (if any) prepared by the executing agency during project implementation

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Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

Table 17 presents environmental mitigation measures to address anticipated adverse impacts of the Sub-project. The EMP also shows responsibilities for implementation of mitigation measures and corresponding supervision and monitoring.

Table 17. Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan Project Potential Mitigation Measures Institutional Cost Component/Activity Environmental Responsibilities Estimates Impacts Implementation Monitor Pre-Construction Phase Confirmation of no No negative  Conducted Consultation meetings required resettlement, environmental with barangay officials and relocations, and impacts concerned POs’ officers and LGU of WMPCO compensation members Kadingilan PPMO  Conducted information awareness campaign regarding subproject location Identification and Lack of information Subproject sites validation with prioritization of road and/or low following conditions: section where re- participation of the  ensure that the INREMP gravelling, gravelling, community, validation process on subproject and concreting will be particularly women implementation is being complied LGU of WMPCO done and marginalized with Kadingilan PPMO sectors  hold consultative meetings with balanced representation of men and women and affected persons on the subproject components and management plan Preparation of detailed Minimize negative Work with LGU RI Engineer for the engineering designs and environmental completion of the proposed upgraded programs of work for the impacts access road detailed designs and to subproject ensure the following measures are included:  identification of spill management prevention and emergency response plans for all construction sites; LGU of WMPCO  locate aggregate borrow pits and Kadingilan PPMO rock supply areas away from human settlements with fencing and access barriers;  for local residents: include specific plan to notify and provide them schedule to minimize disruption to normal commercial and residential activities Recruitment of workers Gender  Hire local workers as much as LGU of discrimination and possible, and give equal privilege Kadingila tendency to recruit for women to get involved in Contractor n / outsiders selected tasks appropriate for WMPCO them PPMO Construction Phase Construction materials Pollution, injury,  Procure construction Contractor LGU of Part of the acquisition, transport interrupted usual materials from sources with Kadingila contractor’ access, and storage road use, disrupted valid environmental n / s contract system access, noise clearances, i.e. for sand, WMPCO gravel and timber from those PPMO with valid DENR-MGB/EMB permits.  All borrow pits and quarries should be approved by Municipal Engineering Division.  Select pits and quarries in areas with low gradient and as close as possible to construction the sites.  Required aggregate volumes must be carefully calculated

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Project Potential Mitigation Measures Institutional Cost Component/Activity Environmental Responsibilities Estimates Impacts Implementation Monitor prior to extraction to prevent wastage.  Pits and quarries should not be located near surface waters, forested areas, critical habitat for wildlife, or cultural objects and landmarks.  If aggregate quarrying from fluvial environments is required small streams and rivers should be used, and dry alluvial plains preferred.  All topsoil and overburden removed should be stockpiled for later restoration.  All borrow pits and quarries should have a fence perimeter with signage to keep public away.  After use pits and quarries should be dewatered and permanent fences installed with signage to keep public out, and restored as much as possible using original overburden and topsoil.  Unstable slope conditions in/adjacent to the quarry or pit caused by the extractions should be rectified with tree planting.  Define & schedule how materials are extracted from borrow pits and rock quarries, transported, and handled & stored at sites.  Define and schedule how fabricated materials such as steel, wood structures, and scaffolding will be transported and handled.  All aggregate loads on trucks should be covered. Clearing and removal of Damage landscape  Cutting of any vegetation (tree) is Contractor LGU of Part of the obstructions strictly prohibited without a tree Kadingila contractor’ cutting permit from DENR- n / s contract PENRO WMPCO PPMO Soil erosion High suspended  Berms, and plastic sheet Contractor LGU of Part of the solid contents of fencing should be placed Kadingila contractor’ river, around all excavations and n / s contract sedimentation. earthwork areas. WMPCO  Earthworks should be PPMO conducted during dry periods.  Maintain a stockpile of topsoil for immediate site restoration following backfilling.  Protect exposed or cut slopes with planted vegetation and have a slope stabilization protocol ready.  Re-vegetate all soil exposure areas immediately after work is completed.  minimize damage and cutting of surrounding vegetation during slope formation,  prevent erosion and protect the cut slope with temporary drainage as soon as practicable after cutting, and

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Project Potential Mitigation Measures Institutional Cost Component/Activity Environmental Responsibilities Estimates Impacts Implementation Monitor  If new erosion occurs accidentally, back fill immediately to restore original contours. Ground surface leveling Degradation of  All construction sites should be Contractor LGU of Part of the and re-gravelling of terrestrial and located away from forested or Kadingila contractor’ existing road aquatic resources, plantation areas as much as n / s contract and decreased possible. WMPCO water quality  All construction fluids such as PPMO oils, and fuels should be stored and handled away from forested and plantation areas.  No waste of any kind is to be discarded on land or in forests/plantations.  Erosion channels must be built around aggregate stockpile areas to contain rain-induced erosion.  Earthworks should be conducted during dry periods.  All construction fluids such as oils, and fuels should be stored and handled with extra care away from surface waters.  No waste of any kind is to be thrown in surface waters.  No washing or repair of machinery near surface waters.  Pit latrines to be located away from surface waters.  No unnecessary earthworks in or adjacent to water courses.  No aggregate mining from rivers or lakes.  Minimize the use of heavy equipment at steep slopes. Civil works Air pollution, land  All construction sites should be Contractor LGU of Part of the and water located away from forested or Kadingila contractor’ contamination, and plantation areas as much as n / s contract traffic & access possible. WMPCO problems,  All construction fluids such as PPMO oils, and fuels should be stored and handled away from forested and plantation areas.  No waste of any kind is to be discarded on land or in forests/plantations.  Protective berms, plastic sheet fencing, or silt curtains should be placed between all earthworks and nearby surface waters.  Erosion channels must be built around aggregate stockpile areas to contain rain-induced erosion.  Earthworks should be conducted during dry periods.  All construction fluids such as oils, and fuels should be stored and handled with extra care away from surface waters.  No waste of any kind is to be thrown in surface waters.  No washing or repair of machinery near surface waters.  Pit latrines to be located away from surface waters.  No unnecessary earthworks in or adjacent to water courses.

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Project Potential Mitigation Measures Institutional Cost Component/Activity Environmental Responsibilities Estimates Impacts Implementation Monitor  No aggregate mining from rivers or lakes. Implementation of noise Noise, Dust, Air  Regularly apply wetting agents Contractor LGU of Part of the and dust control Pollution to exposed soil and construction Kadingila contractor’ measure roads. n / s contract  Cover or keep moist all WMPCO stockpiles of construction PPMO aggregates, and all truckloads of aggregates.  Minimize the time for excavations and exposed soil are left open or exposed. Backfill immediately after work is completed.  As much as possible, restrict working time between 07:00 and 17:00,  Maintain equipment in proper working condition  Replace unnecessarily noisy vehicles and machinery.  Vehicles and machinery to be turned off when not in use.  Construct temporary noise barriers. Dust and noise from Noise, Dust  provision of noise control Contractor LGU of Part of the borrow pits measures to comply with Kadingila contractor’ national standards, watering of n / s contract the earth roads close to the WMPCO settlements, use covered truck, PPMO  secure appropriate environmental permits,  the borrow and material dumping sites must be access controlled to keep away unauthorized entry of people, grazing cattle and any other stray animals, and  protective gear like ear plugs will be provided to operating personnel if they are exposed to noise levels beyond threshold limits and mask to protect workers from dust. Implementation of spoil Contamination of  Spoil or excess excavated Contractor LGU of Part of the management and control land and surface materials will be disposed at the Kadingila contractor’ measure waters from designated site. n / s contract excavated spoil,  A record of type, estimated WMPCO and construction volume, and source of disposed PPMO waste spoil must be recorded.  Spoil must not be disposed of on sloped land, near cultural property or values, ecologically important areas, or on/near any other socially or ecologically sensitive feature.  Solid and liquid Contamination of  Management of general solid and Contractor LGU of Part of the construction waste land and surface liquid waste of construction will Kadingila contractor’ management system waters from follow government regulations to n / s contract construction waste include covering, collecting, WMPCO handling, transporting, recycling, PPMO and disposing waste created from construction activities and the work force.  Liquid wastes from workers camp shall be disposed in water tight septic tanks with leaching field in accordance with PD 856 and DOH guidelines.

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Project Potential Mitigation Measures Institutional Cost Component/Activity Environmental Responsibilities Estimates Impacts Implementation Monitor  Solid wastes shall be properly segregated and disposed in an area identified by the LGU.  Recyclable materials may be collected and sold to junk shops.

Hazardous Waste  Collection, storage, transport, and disposal of hazardous waste such as used oils, gasoline, paint, and other toxics must follow government regulations.  Wastes should be separated (e.g., hydrocarbons, batteries, paints, organic solvents)  Wastes must be stored above ground in closed, well labeled, ventilated plastic bins in good condition, away from construction activity areas, all surface water, water supplies, and cultural and ecological sensitive receptors.  All spills must be cleaned up completely with all contaminated soil removed and handled with by contaminated spoil sub-plan. Construction drainage Loss of drainage  Provide adequate short-term Contractor LGU of Part of the system and rain water drainage away from construction Kadingila contractor’ natural channels sites to prevent ponding and n / s contract flooding. WMPCO  Prevent borrow pits and quarries PPMO to be filled with water. Pump periodically to infiltration areas or nearby water courses.  Install temporary storm drains or ditches for construction sites  Ensure connections among surface waters (ponds, streams) are maintained or enhanced to sustain existing storm water storage capacity.  Protect surface waters from silt and eroded soil. Water quality Water and soil  Set up proper and adequate Contractor  SPMU Part of the sanitary facilities, PPMO Contractor’  Ensure strict observance of s contract proper waste handling and disposal and proper sanitation including by the contractors and its workers,  Provide wastewater treatment facility (e.g., septic tank), and  Trucks and other vehicle maintenance should be strictly controlled to prevent the discharge of waste into the river system. Wastewater from the construction works containing high concentration of suspended solids should be treated through sedimentation tanks.  The discharge of cement-laden water and slurry during concrete mixing may contaminate water resources and damage productive land in the surrounding areas. To mitigate possible effects of cement-laden water and slurry, the Contractor shall 1) collect and retain all the concrete washout water and

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Project Potential Mitigation Measures Institutional Cost Component/Activity Environmental Responsibilities Estimates Impacts Implementation Monitor solids in leak proof containers, so that this does not reach the soil surface and then migrate to surface waters or into the ground water, 2) recycle the collected concrete washout water and solids, and/or 3) use of a washout pit made with a plastic lining that can be dug into the ground or built above grade. Implement construction Loss of drainage  Provide adequate short-term Contractor  SPMU Part of the drainage system and rain water drainage away from construction  PPMO Contractor’ natural channels sites to prevent ponding and s contract flooding.  Prevent borrow pits and quarries to be filled with water. Pump periodically to infiltration areas or nearby water courses.  Install temporary storm drains or ditches for construction sites  Ensure connections among surface waters (ponds, streams) are maintained or enhanced to sustain existing storm water storage capacity.  Protect surface waters from silt and eroded soil. Workers health, safety Land and people  proper fencing, protective Contractor  SPMU Part of the and hygiene barriers, and buffer zones should  PPMO Contractor’ be provided around all s contract construction sites,  sufficient signage and information disclosure, and supervisors and night guards should be placed,  worker and public safety guidelines should be followed,  provide adequate sanitation and waste disposal at construction sites,  the contractor will not hire children and pregnant women,  standing water suitable for disease vector breeding should be filled in,  worker education and awareness seminars for construction hazards should be given at the beginning of the construction phase. A construction site safety program should be developed and distributed to workers,  appropriate safety clothing, footwear, gloves, hard hats, eye protection and other PPE should be mandatory for all construction workers,  adequate medical services must be on site or nearby all construction site,  drinking water must be provided at all construction sites,  sufficient lighting be used during necessary night work, and  all construction sites should be examined daily to ensure unsafe conditions are removed. Traffic safety and Road accidents Throughout the construction period, Contractor LGU of Part of the management the contractor should ensure that Kadingila contractor’ affected people are provided n / s contract adequate and safe access to WMPCO properties (structures, land, etc.). All PPMO

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Project Potential Mitigation Measures Institutional Cost Component/Activity Environmental Responsibilities Estimates Impacts Implementation Monitor construction vehicles observe speed limits (maximum 20 kph) on the construction sites and to provide adequate signage, barriers, and flag persons for traffic control. Sign postings such as ‘men working’, ‘Keep left/right’, ‘construction ahead’, and ‘speed limit’, should be used for traffic management and road safety. As much as possible, road works will be confined to one half of the road width at each section to provide access to pedestrian and vehicles during construction works. Ecological environment Minor vegetation  Construction vehicles will operate Contractor LGU of Part of the (Flora and Fauna) loss within the corridor of impact to Kadingila contractor’ avoid damaging soil and n / s contract vegetation. WMPCO  Avoid soil compaction around PPMO trees. Generally the rule will be to avoid driving heavy equipment or trucks anywhere into the 'drip- line' of a tree.  In case, no trees will be removed without prior approval of concerned government agency.  The contractor will not use or permit the use of wood as a fuel for the execution of any part of the works.  No work camps will be located in ecologically sensitive sites such as protected and conservation areas, or densely vegetated site.  Workers shall be prohibited from hunting/trapping wildlife. Damage to properties Land The contractor will immediately Contractor  SPMU Part of the repair and/or compensate for any  PPMO Contractor’ damage that it causes to properties s contract (houses, farmlands, aquaculture ponds, irrigation canals, and others), community facilities such as water supply, power supply, communication facilities and the like. Access roads used for transport of construction materials and other construction-related activities will be maintained by the Contractor in at least in their pre-project condition for the duration of construction. Use of Hazardous People, land and Vehicle maintenance and refueling Contractor  SPMU Part of the Substances water will be confined to areas in  PPMO Contractor’ construction sites designed (with s contract concrete flooring, drainage leading to oil and water separator, etc.) to contain spilled lubricants and fuels. Spill waste will be disposed to sites approved by the concerned government agency and following national regulations. Adequate precaution will be taken to prevent oil/lubricant/ hazardous substances contamination of channel beds. Spillage if any will be immediately cleared with utmost caution to leave no traces. All areas intended for storage of hazardous materials will be quarantined and provided with adequate facilities to combat emergency situations such as fire, spills, etc. in compliance with all the applicable statutory stipulation. The

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Project Potential Mitigation Measures Institutional Cost Component/Activity Environmental Responsibilities Estimates Impacts Implementation Monitor personnel in-charge of these sites will be properly trained and these areas will be access controlled and entry will be allowed only under authorization. Hazardous wastes will be collected, stored, transported and disposed consistent with national regulations to ensure that these will not cause pollution of surrounding areas. Public safety People  installation of sturdy fencing around excavation areas and construction sites,  provision of proper signage and lighting at night at the periphery of the construction site to warn and direct traffic and pedestrians,  deployment of security personnel in hazardous areas to restrict public access,  imposition of speed limits for construction vehicles along residential areas and where there are other sensitive receptors, and  orientation of drivers on safe driving practices to minimize accidents and to prevent spill of hazardous substances and other construction materials during transport. Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Phase Operation of upgraded Increased risk of  Set speed limit when passing LGU of WMPCO Part of the access road accident or injury, through populated area Kadingilan PPMO proponent’ air pollution and  Provide appropriate warning signs DENR s obligation noise. and lighting  Regular removal of debris, logs Obstruction of run- and other materials along off along drainage drainage canals to avoid clogging canals causing run-  Regular vegetation control along off overflow leading run-off area to ensure free flow to erosion of the  Ensure that existing road environmental management policies are effectively Exploitation of implemented and proper natural resources coordination involves different in the area agencies.  Adherence to land use and zoning Unplanned regulations urbanization  Promote tourism in the area through advertisement from the Increased delivery local and nationwide venue. of agricultural products

Tourism

Environmental Monitoring

Table below presents the environmental monitoring activities to be undertaken during various project phases. Monitoring of the contractor’s environmental performance in terms of implementation of mitigation measures during construction phases shall be undertaken by the community at the barangay level, and the NPCO Environmental Safeguard Specialist (ESS). The ESS shall be assisted by TA-PMIC in preparing semi-annual environmental monitoring reports. Such report will be submitted by the proponent to ADB and will be publicly disclosed on ADB’s website. The monitoring reports shall describe in detail the status of EMP implementation and compliance issues as well as corrective actions, if any.

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The ESS during project implementation will be required organize a community level environmental monitoring. Prior to commencement of site works, the ESS and SSS shall undertake consultations with affected residents, barangay and/or officials to encourage them to participate in the community level environmental monitoring program. The locals shall be allowed to freely participate during the environmental monitoring to be conducted by the LGU together with SSS and ESS. The SSE, ESS and WMPCO shall provide orientation on how to undertake monitoring using the Environmental Monitoring Framework shown below:

COMMUNITY LEVEL CONSTRUCTION MONITORING FORM Sub-project Name: Location: Reporting Period: Impact/ Mitigation Measures Compliance Comment on Reasons for Partial or Non- Attained (Yes, No, Compliance or Partial) 1 2 Recommendation/s: Signature: Date:

Table 18. Environmental Monitoring Plan Activities Environmental Location Means of Monitoring Frequency Responsible Unit Monitoring Impact of Cost Monitoring Pre-Construction Confirmation of no People: Possible Subproject site Field work, literature Once SPMU, WMPCO, INREMP required displacement of survey, community PPMO, RPCO, Project Cost resettlement, inhabitants and consultations NPCO, TA-PMIC relocations, and properties from the compensation original location Identification and People: participation Subproject site Field work and survey, Once, or SPMU, WMPCO, INREMP prioritization of road of the community, community subject to PPMO, RPCO, Project Cost section where re- particularly women consultations validations NPCO, TA-PMIC gravelling and and marginalized concreting will be sectors done Preparation of Land: Possible Host LGU - Approved detailed Once SPMU, WMPCO, INREMP detailed engineering displacement of MPDO engineering designs PPMO, RPCO, Project Cost designs and inhabitants and and programs of work NPCO, TA-PMIC programs of work properties

People: completion of the upgraded road detailed design Recruitment of People: Generation Within host Ratio of hired workers Quarterly/Se SPMU, WMPCO, INREMP workers of local employment barangay/s (local residents vs mi-annual PPMO, RPCO, Project Cost migrant workers) NPCO, TA-PMIC Construction Construction Land: damage Vicinity of the Visual observations to Quarterly/Se PPMO, RPCO, INREMP Project materials acquisition, landscape subproject site assess impacts on air mi-annual NPCO Cost transport access, and quality. storage system People and Air: dust Interviews with and noise generation communities (noise, project-related complaints) Clearing and removal Land and water: Right of Way Visual observations to Quarterly/Se PPMO, RPCO, INREMP Project of obstructions damage landscape assess impacts mi-annual NPCO Cost

People: dust and Interviews with noise generation communities Soil erosion Land and Water: Sloping sides Visual observations to Quarterly/Se PPMO, RPCO, INREMP Project Surface erosion, of the assess impacts mi-annual NPCO Cost landslide, and subproject site downstream river Interviews with sedimentation Nearby communities and the stream/creek contractor

Ground surface Land and water: Carriageway Visual observations to Quarterly/Se PPMO, RPCO, INREMP Project leveling and re- Degradation of Shoulder assess impacts mi-annual NPCO Cost gravelling and terrestrial and aquatic Riprap concreting of the resources, and stations Interviews with existing road decreased water communities and the quality contractor

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Activities Environmental Location Means of Monitoring Frequency Responsible Unit Monitoring Impact of Cost Monitoring

People: dust and noise generation Civil works Land and water: Carriageway Visual observations to Quarterly/Se PPMO, RPCO, INREMP Project damage/ Shoulder assess impacts mi-annual NPCO Cost contamination Slope protection Interviews with Air and People: dust stations communities and the and noise generation, contractor traffic and access problem Implementation of People: air, dust and Vicinity of the Visual observations to Quarterly/Se PPMO, RPCO, INREMP Project noise and dust noise generation subproject site assess impacts mi-annual NPCO Cost control measure Interviews with communities and the contractor Dust and noise from People: dust and Vicinity of the Visual observations to Quarterly/Se PPMO, RPCO, INREMP Project borrow pits noise generation subproject site assess impacts mi-annual NPCO Cost

Interviews with communities and the contractor Implementation of Land and Water: Worker’s Visual observations to Quarterly/Se PPMO, RPCO, INREMP Project spoil management Contamination of Camp, Field assess impacts mi-annual NPCO Cost and control measure land and surface Office, waters from Stockyard Interviews with excavated spoil, and communities and the construction waste contractor Solid and liquid Land and Water: Worker’s Visual observations to Quarterly/Se PPMO, RPCO, INREMP Project construction waste Contamination of Camp, Field assess impacts mi-annual NPCO Cost management system land and surface Office, waters from Stockyard Interviews with construction waste communities and the contractor Air: Generation of foul/dainty odor Water quality Water: Degradation Worker’s Visual observations to Quarterly/Se PPMO, RPCO, INREMP Project of soil and water Camp, Field assess impacts on mi-annual NPCO Cost Office, surface water quality (evidence of siltation Nearby from construction streams/ creeks activities) Construction Water: Loss of Riprap Visual observations to Quarterly/Se PPMO, RPCO, INREMP Project drainage system drainage and rain stations assess impacts mi-annual NPCO Cost water natural Subproject channels site Interviews with communities and the contractor Workers health, People: Sanitation Worker’s Visual observations to Quarterly/Se PPMO, RPCO, INREMP Project safety and hygiene and workers safety Camp, Field assess impacts mi-annual NPCO Cost Office, Water: water Interviews with sanitation Subproject site communities and the contractor Traffic safety and People: traffic Vicinity of the Traffic volume (all Quarterly/Se PPMO, RPCO, INREMP Project management congestion project area kinds of vehicles); mi-annual NPCO Cost project and traffic related accidents Ecological Land: vegetation Vicinity of the Visual observations to Quarterly/Se PPMO, RPCO, INREMP Project environment (Flora loss, damage to project area assess impacts mi-annual NPCO Cost and Fauna) landscape Interviews with communities and the contractor Damage to properties Land: landscape Within ROW Visual observations to Quarterly/Se PPMO, RPCO, INREMP Project disruption of the assess impacts mi-annual NPCO Cost subproject Interviews with communities and the contractor Concrete washout Water: Degradation Nearby Visual observations to Quarterly/Se PPMO, RPCO, INREMP Project of water quality. streams/ creeks assess impacts mi-annual NPCO Cost

Interviews with communities and the contractor Use of hazardous Land and Water: Worker’s Visual observations to Quarterly/Se PPMO, RPCO, INREMP Project substances Degradation of water Camp, Field assess impacts mi-annual NPCO Cost and air quality. Office,

Subproject site

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Activities Environmental Location Means of Monitoring Frequency Responsible Unit Monitoring Impact of Cost Monitoring People: vulnerability Interviews with to hazardous Nearby communities and the substances streams/ creeks contractor Public safety People: safety during Worker’s Visual observations to Quarterly/Se PPMO, RPCO, INREMP Project construction Camp, Field assess impacts mi-annual NPCO Cost Office, Interviews with Subproject site communities and the contractor Within the host barangay Operation and Maintenance of Upgraded Road Traffic accidents People: road Upgraded road Regular record keeping Continuously SPMU, PPMO INREMP Project accidents Cost, LGU Incidence of flooding Land and Water: road Adjacent to Surveys, public Seasonal for SPMU, PPMO LGU/ BMET damage and flooding upgraded road complaints 5 years Exploitation of Land: landscape Vicinity of the Visual observations to Seasonal for SPMU, PPMO LGU/ BMET natural resources in damage or project site assess impacts 5 years the area improvement Interviews with communities

The NPCO shall submit the following environmental reporting documentation to ADB:

 Environmental Monitoring Reports: Semi-annual environmental monitoring reports will be submitted by NPCO to ADB. The report, which will be prepared by ESS with assistance for TA-PMIC, will provide the following information:

a. Background/Context of the monitoring report (adequate information on the project, including physical implementation progress of project activities, scope of monitoring report, reporting period, and the monitoring requirements including frequency of submission as agreed upon);

 Compliance with applicable government laws, regulations and requirements;  Changes in project scope and adjusted safeguard measures, if applicable;  Monitoring parameters/indicators and methods based on the monitoring plan/program in the EMP;  Monitoring results compared against the objectives of safeguards or desired outcomes documented (e.g. environmental impacts avoided or minimized, etc.);  If noncompliance or any major gaps identified, include a corrective action plan;  Records on disclosure of monitoring information to affected communities;  Summary of environmental mitigations and compensation measures implemented;  Identification of key issues, or complaints from affected people, or recommendations for improvement;  Monitoring adjustment measures recommended based on monitoring experience/trends and stakeholder’s response;  Information about actual institutional arrangement for implementing the monitoring program/plan provided or adjusted, as may be required;  Proposed items of focus for the next report and due date.

b. Project Completion Report: One (1) year after completion of the construction, the NPCO through its ESS shall submit a Project Completion Report which will include the overall environmental performance of the Sub-project.

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IX. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Conclusion

The present IEE reviewed the general environmental profile of the subproject, covering about 3.16 km existing road proposed to be rehabilitated, and screened such to assess potential impacts. The IEE reveals that no major negative environmental impacts are likely to occur due to the construction activities and normal operations after the proposed rehabilitation. The implementation of appropriate mitigation measures during construction and operation phases will minimize the negative impacts of the Project to acceptable levels. To ensure that these mitigation measures are implemented and negative impacts avoided, the measures will be included in the civil works bid and contract specifications of the Project.

Rural infrastructure projects, such as existing access road rehabilitation, are important to the economic development of any locality. The Rehabilitation of the Sitio Rapagas to Sitio Macao Access Road will uplift the quality of life of the people by providing an easy, safe and affordable access; improving the prompt delivery of basic services, increasing economic opportunities, and supporting the INREMP NRM subproject activities of the constituents. The economic development of Barangay Balaoro will redound to the overall development of the entire municipality and the adjacent localities.

Hence, the Project will have an overall beneficial impact and will have minor negative impacts that will be carefully monitored and adequately mitigated through implementation of the EMP.

Recommendation

The subproject proposal on the Rehabilitation of Rapagas to Macao Access Road will boost the economic activities of the influence area which is currently experiencing inconvenience and hazards due to the poor condition of the road. The subproject will uplift the social, political, cultural and economic status of the people.

After thorough analyses of the subproject, it is expected that it will result to: increase agricultural crop yield by 15 %; reduce hauling costs of agricultural products by 30 %; reduce fare rate of transportation by 30 %; reduce travel time to market from 45 min to 30 min; and improve delivery of basic social services through frequent visits from weekly to twice a week

These projections in due consideration of the IEE and based on the screening of baseline environment including the review of proposed civil works, has not identified any major environmental concerns due to the proposed Rehabilitation of the Rapagas to Macao Access Road given that all the proposed civil works are only asset preservation of existing roadway. There will only be localized short-term impacts during construction activities due to implementation of civil works that will be addressed in the detailed design and through implementation of the mitigation and monitoring measures specified in the EMP. The proposed subproject is, therefore, strongly recommended for immediate funding and subsequent implementation.

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Appendix 1: A Copy of the Payment for ECC Application

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Appendix 2: Actual Inspection Report

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Appendix 3: Waste Disposal Plan for the Subproject

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DISPOSAL SITE MAP

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Appendix 4: Public Consultation Minutes on Aug. 7, 2017 Minutes of Public Consultation Barangay Hall, Barangay Balaoro Kadingilan, Bukidnon August 7, 2017 9:45 am Prayer by : Radso Suan National Anthem : Merlyn Tutupan Welcome Message : Pablo A. Redelosa – Barangay Captain Engr. Capili : The INREMP RI access road in the barangay is the Muleta-Rapagas- Macao Access Road which has a total length of 3.45 kilometers. The rehabilitation of the road will pass in Malpal creek to Lumboy then to Macao. Elevated portion like from Muleta and other area elevated will be concreted. Culverts is also installed in the creek.

Engr. Cesar: The cost of the project is 15.8M. Now, let us give the time to Engr. Jemuel Perino for the consultation proper.

Engr. Jem: Who among you here resides near the roads? Kindly raise your hand.

Engr. Jem: This project will not be pushed through if you are not consulted. Who among present will use the roads to be rehabilitated?

In Chorus: All of us sir…. The farmers, businessman, government offices, DENR, DSWD & DepEd.

IPMR/Datu Austin: All of the indigenous people sir.

Edecel Labawan: Also, the Mayor, Local Government Unit Officials and those with truck/ vehicles.

Ms. Sailing: we are very much grateful if the project will push through sir because it is easy for us to transport our products.

Engr. Jem: we already discussed the benefits of the project to be implemented, is still we have benefits to receive in our subproject to be implemented?

Rosie (BHW Chairman) the repair of road is the aspiration of the barangay... more developments will be coming in the barangay… criminal can be easily apprehended.

Engr. Jem: if somebody is sick, do you think this project can help if already implemented?

Ramil Labawa (Council of Elder, member): it really helps us sir, the ambulance can enter the area and also the police personnel (for the assistance of Peace and Order of the barangay).

IPMR: in times of calamity, we can easily be rescued, and if there will be assistance it is not difficult for delivery.

Engr. Jem: what other nearby barangays will benefit the project? IPMR: sitio Robar, Pinamangguhan, Cabadiangan, Mabuhay, Spring and the barangay of Damulog located at the other side of Muleta river. The people from Damulog can visit now Barangay Balaoro because there is already a bridge (foot bridge) and it is accessible for light vehicle going Damulog.

Engr. Jem: What do you think is the negative effects after the implementation of the road project?

Brgy. Secretary: it is easy for the bad elements to enter the barangay but it can also be easily responded.

Engr. Jem: in constructing the road, there are three steps. First, the contractor together with the Local Government will conduct consultation with the Council of Elders and the Barangay Council and to look over

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where to locate their bunkhouse and the equipment. So, it is a reminder that the council of elders and the barangay council should give an orientation to the contractor of the policies.

Base on the signed Contract of Usufruct, qualified workers is coming from this barangay.

IPMR: Sir only few Indigenous People knows on masonry works, mostly are laborers.

Engr. Jem: who among you here can work including the women? (insert picture taken)

Engr. Jem: this project will not be successful if we will not include the women. At least 30% of the women will be hired.

BHW Chairman: the women can be a time keeper, recorder of attendance or care taker.

IPMR: it can be a flagman sir…

Engr. Jem: the contractor, will bring their skilled laborer in case there is no available here in the barangay and they will be associating with you. Is it a disturbance?

IPMR: it is normal sir, it is ok for us as long that there is an understanding.

Engr. Jem: if the construction of road being started, it resulted to garbage. How do you see it?

BHW: they should have their own garbage can. They will be the one to clean their camp site.

IPMR: Sir, they can make their compost pit. The barangay has a policy on this.

Engr. Jem: is there any policy for nuisance?

BHW: the municipal imposed curfew hours in the barangay’s sir… 10pm to 4am.

Engr. Jem: if the work being started and during the operation of the machinery definitely it will drain fumes. What do you see?

In chorus: it is acceptable sir…

Engr. Jem: in addition to the fumes, there is a crude and used oil that possibly poisonous. What do you see of it?

IPMR: we can consider it sir even the dust because it is for our benefit.

Engr. Jem: if during the implementation and it is a rainy day, there is a possibility that the source of water dumped by soil will become muddy. what do you see?

IPMR: No problem for us sir because it’s not intentionally.

Engr. Jem: the contractor has their workers; can they be a competitor of your drinking water?

IPMR: the source of the drinking water is quiet a distance sir and the source is also abundant so there’s nothing to be worried.

Engr. Jem: during the construction of road, there are portion with stop and go and only one lane is use. Does it hamper your time especially on emergency?

IPMR: it’s okay for us sir. we just follow the flagman and used the other lane if on emergency.

Engr. Jem: if the road is completed, and during rainy days, there are possibility that the canal will be blocked by debris What do you see?

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IPMR: They will conduct a meeting sir to discuss what to do and to have a “Pahina”

Roger (Sitio Batangan): conduct meeting and have a tree planting at the side.

IPMR: if there is a landslide sir, can we inform them?

Engr. Jem: the LGU has a team in-charge of it, they should be informed.

Engr. Jem: if the road is complete, is it possible that the speed of vehicle become steadfast?

IPMR: in the barangay there is a 20 km/h policy implemented.

Engr. Jem: the road is already constructed, there are many visitors/sightseers will come in. What do you see of it?

IPMR: we are grateful sir if we will be visited.

Engr. Jem: is there any tourist spot in this area? Is there any effect of the culture in the entry of visitors?

IPMR: there is a spring sir but no swimming pool yet.

Michelle Ongkil (Manobo Tribe member): our rights might be deprived or they will contempt us.

Engr. Jem: is there a forest area here? IPMR: no more forest area here sir.

Engr. Jem: the road is complete and it is already easy to transport the product, is it possible that the number of wild animals will reduce? Is there any policy from the Council of Elders?

IPMR: this is an ancestral domain, we’ll just protect it.

Marlene Tutupan: we are the one to oppose sir. And before the work will start there will be a ritual to set.

Engr. Jem: in the design of road project, is there any historical landmarks?

Loreta Dag-on: I joined during the survey sir together with Datu Binahon, nothing is affected with the road project.

Engr. Jem: it was already mentioned by the LGU Engineer the design of the road, do you want to continue the road project.

In chorus: continue

Engr. Jem: is there a structure (house), plants or trees affected by the road project?

Loreta Dag-on: road is very important and Ritual should be done first sir. No houses, trees and plants are affected sir.

Engr. Jem: it takes 8 months to finish the road project. When it’s raining, climate will change and there’s a delay of work, can you consider it?

IPMR: We will wait until the contractor finish the work.

Engr. Jem: assuming that the contractor will pass in this road, and they damaged the road they pass by and it is outside the project. what do you see of this?

Kag. Fajardo: they are the one who damaged it, so they are the one will repair it by putting a gravel.

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Engr. Jem: please inform the other members of this barangay that the consultation conducted in your area is in connection to the Rehabilitation of Rapagas-Macao access road project in your barangay.

Closing Remarks: Kag, Roger Canoy

Time ended: 10:56 a.m

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Appendix 5: BTAI Resolution of Support

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Appendix 6: Brgy. Balaoro Resolution of Support

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Appendix 7: Resolution of Consent from the Council of Elders

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Resolution of Consent from the Council of Elders (English Translation) BALAORO TRIBAL COUNCIL OF ELDERS Balaoro, Kadingilan, Bukidnon

RESOLUTION FROM THE BALAORO TRIBAL COUNCIL OF ELDERS APPROING THE REHABILITATION OF RAPAGAS-MACAO ACCESS ROAD TO BE FUNDED BY THE INTEGRATED NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROJECT (INREMP)

Resolution no. 1.s.2017

WHEREAS, the indigenous People in Balaoro, Kadingilan, Bukidnon consist of Manobo Kerintiken where they located in the southern part of Bukidnon near the Muleta river;

WHEREAS, the Tribal Council of Elders of Barangay Balaoro always look forward for the development of the tribal community;

WHEREAS, the Indigenous People through the Elders expresses the support and approval for the implementation of INREMP in the ancestral area for the benefit of the Indigenous People and other residents in the community;

NOW THEREFORE, the Tribal Council of Elders and the Indigenous People Community expresses the support and approval for the Rehabilitation of Rapagas-Macao Access Road to be funded by Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project (INREMP) and implemented by the Local Government Unit of Kadingilan.

WE HEREBY CERTIFY to the correctness of this resolution this 11th day of July 2017 at Balaoro, Kadingilan, Bukidnon.

SGD. DATU ROGER DAG-ON SGD. DATU FLORANTE SALANGAN

SGD. DATU OSTING TUTUPAN SGD. DATU RAMIL LABAWAN

SGD. DATU SADSO SUAO SGD. ROGELIO SALILING

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Appendix 8: LGU Resolution Affirming Interest to Apply, Negotiate and Avail INREMP Grant

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Appendix 9: Grievance Intake Form

Name of Project, Subproject and Location

Project (indicate name of project) welcomes complaints, suggestions, comments and queries regarding the project implementation and its stakeholders. We encourage persons with grievance to provide their name and contact information to enable us to get in touch with you for clarification and feedback.

Should you choose to include your personal details but want that information to remain confidential, please inform us by writing/typing "(CONFIDENTIAL)" above your name.

Thank you.

Contact Information

Name Gender □ Male □ Female Home Address Age Phone No. City/Province Email Complaint/Suggestion/Comment/Question Please provide the details (who, what, where and how) of your grievance below:

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How do you want us to reach you for feedback or update on your comment/grievance?

Portion to be filled in by PPCO staff (designated Grievance Redress Mechanism Officer): Date received:

Received through: __ In person __ mail __ email __ fax __ phone __ sms

Name of staff who received comment/ complaint Position of staff:

Type of Grievance:

Remarks

Signature of staff

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Updates on the case: Date: Update Updated by (Name, Signature and Designation)

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