Language | Technology | Business
RESOURCE
ANNUAL DIRECTORY
EDITORIAL
ANNUAL INDEX 2011
MultilLingual reader survey results The importance of content inventories The language services market: A year in review
1 CoverResourceDirectoryRD12Vers2.indd 1 1/12/12 8:52 AM 2-3 Ad-About RD11.indd 2 1/12/12 8:58 AM About the MultiLingual 2012 Resource Directory and Editorial Index 2011
his volume marks our tenth annual Index and Resource Directory. We’ve been Front Up doing this for a decade now — or more, depending on how you’re counting, since the very first iteration of MultiLingual was actually a printed-out list of localiza- tion resources mailed in 1987. But we’ve streamlined things since then, and every T year now, we collect up-to-date data on language companies and services, and compile them into listings by category — from Software Testing to Interpreting to Blogs. The purpose is to provide a resource for the language industry; what amounts to a global phone book for those seeking this kind of business. The Resource Directory has tradition- ally been marked by blue tabs, and this issue is no exception. We include a few short articles with each edition, organized with red tabs, and this year, Kate Edwards writes on the importance of content inventories. Common Sense Advisory provides a breakdown of the worldwide market, and we have a snapshot of our own reader survey, which helped us to get a better picture of how to serve the industry. Next comes the Index, marked with gold tabs. We manually index every issue, going through the articles in their final state and creating a list of authors, titles and topics, which we then sort by a single alphabet at the end of the year. This, again, is in the hope that we can provide an educational resource for the industry, and an easy way to find a specific article even if you can’t remember who wrote it, or what issue it appeared in. Also of interest may be the list of industry- related acronyms and abbreviations that comes next, and the terminology glossary that comes after that. We update these pages every year as well, drawing from the new terms that crop up in the pages of our magazine. Finally, the index of advertisers in this directory makes its appearance. This issue is available for free download at www.multilingual.com/resourceDirectory, which contains live links to all the articles in the Index and to the companies in the Resource Directory. Happy tenth anniversary, and here’s to many more together. — The Staff of MultiLingual
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Search MultiLingual.com MultiLingual New expanded site-wide search! 2012 Resource Directory & Index 2011 Editor-in-Chief, Publisher: Donna Parrish Managing Editor: Katie Botkin Editorial Assistant: Jim Healey Proofreaders: Bonnie Hagan, Bernie Nova News: Kendra Gray Downloads Production: Darlene Dibble, Doug Jones • Search all of multilingual.com Cover Graphic Design: Doug Jones • Filter your results by information type Webmaster: Aric Spence • Find what you need — fast! Technical Analyst: Curtis Booker Assistant: Shannon Abromeit Circulation: Terri Jadick Sure, multilingual.com offers over 2,100 industry resources, over 8,000 Special Projects: Bernie Nova news items, events, articles and downloads galore, but with all that infor- Advertising Director: Jennifer Del Carlo mation available, how do you find exactly what you need? Our new site- Advertising: Kevin Watson, Bonnie Hagan wide search is the answer! Want to see how many times your company Editorial Board has been mentioned? Need to find that article on MT? Now you can. Jeff Allen, Ultan Ó Broin, Arturo Quintero, Jessica Roland, Lori Thicke, Jost Zetzsche If the site-wide search returns a large number of results, you may refine it by Advertising filtering the information type: news, resources, downloads, articles, events. [email protected] We are happy to make this wealth of information more accessible to you. www.multilingual.com/advertising 208-263-8178 Subscriptions, back issues, customer service Get social with us! [email protected] www.multilingual.com/ subscriptionInformation Follow us on multilingualmag Submissions, letters [email protected] MultiLingual keeps a running tweet stream on its home Editorial guidelines are available at page, showing items that are in our Twitter conversation. www.multilingual.com/editorialWriter Join the conversation and follow us directly at @multilin- Reprints: [email protected] gualmag to get industry-related information about articles, MultiLingual Computing, Inc. events, news and views as we share them. 319 North First Avenue, Suite 2 Sandpoint, Idaho 83864-1495 USA [email protected] www.multilingual.com Subscriptions © MultiLingual Computing, Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction without permission is prohibited. For reprints and e-prints, please e-mail [email protected] or call 208-263-8178. MultiLingual (ISSN 1523-0309), February 2012, is published monthly The print magazine is mailed nine times a except Apr-May, Jul-Aug, Oct-Nov for US $58, international $85 per year by MultiLingual Computing, Inc., year (eight issues plus an annual resource 319 North First Avenue, Suite 2, Sandpoint, ID 83864-1495. Periodicals postage paid at Sandpoint, ID and additional mailing offices. directory/index) for $58 domestically, $85 POSTMASTER: Send address changes to MultiLingual, 319 North First internationally, and includes full access to Avenue, Suite 2, Sandpoint, ID 83864-1495. This NewPage paper has been the digital version of MultiLingual, deliv- chain-of-custody certified by ered in a new interactive format. A digital three independent third-party certification systems subscription is available for only $28. . MultiLingual is printed on 30% post-consumer recycled paper. Subscribe online at multilingual.com/subscribe.
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4-5 TOC-Masthead RD11.indd 4 1/12/12 9:02 AM Contents n 2012 Resource Directory Associations 6 Authoring Tools 6 Automated Translation 6 Blogs 7 Books & Publications 7 Call Centers 7 Conferences 7 Consulting Services 7 Content Management 7 Desktop Publishing Services 7 Desktop Publishing Tools 8 Dictionaries, Grammar Checkers 8 E-learning, Educational Software 8 Education (degrees, certificate programs) 8 Enterprise Solutions 9 Fonts & Operating Systems 10 Internationalization Services 10 Internationalization Tools 10 n Interpreting 10 Editorial Language Learning 10 29 MultiLingual reader survey results Language Product Resellers 10 Localization Services 10 30 The importance of Localization Tools16 Marketing 16 content inventories Mobile Systems Technologies 16 — Kate Edwards Multicultural Communications 17 Multilingual Software17 32 The language services market: Multimedia17 A year in review Nonprofit Organizations 17 Project Management 18 Recruitment, Job Matching 18 Research & Analysis 18 n Editorial Index 2011 Resources 18 Software Testing 18 33 Index: Issues 117-124 Speech Technologies18 Subtitling/Dubbing18 46 Acronyms & Abbreviations Terminology Management19 Training, Seminars & Workshops 19 48 Glossary Translation Management Systems 19 Advertisers Translation Services 20 58 Translation Tools 27 Voiceovers 28 Website Globalization 28 Workflow Solutions 28
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ANNUAL DiRectoRy AssociAtions AutomAted trAnslAtion cont.
American Foundation for Translation and Interpretation LinguaSys www.linguasys.com www.afti.org Safaba Translation Solutions, LLC www.safaba.com American Marketing Association www.marketingpower.com Spoken Translation, Inc. www.spokentranslation.com American Translators Association www.atanet.org SYSTRAN www.systransoft.com Association for Machine Translation in the Americas See our ad on this page www.amtaweb.org TAUS Data Association Carolina Association of Translators and Interpreters Web: www.tausdata.org www.catiweb.org E-mail: [email protected] Oudeschans 85III, European Language Industry Association www.elia-association.org 1011KW Amsterdam, The Netherlands 31-299-672028 The Global eLearning Community www.the-gec.org The TAUS Data Association, a nonprofit organization, provides a neu- tral and secure platform for sharing language data. Share your translation Globalization and Localization Association www.gala-global.org memories and in return get access to the data of all other members and users. TAUS Data is a super cloud for the global translation industry, help- International Federation of Translators www.fit-ift.org ing to improve translation quality and automation and to fuel business innovation. International Medical Interpreters Association www.imiaweb.org www.tauyou.com Israel Translators Association www.ita.org.il tauyou
Mid-America Chapter of the ATA www.ata-micata.org Yamagata Europe www.yamagata-europe.com New Mexico Translators and Interpreters Association www.cybermesa.com/~nmtia The Northern California Translators Association — NCTA www.ncta.org
TAUS Web: www.translationautomation.com E-mail: [email protected] Oudeschans 85III, 1011KW Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 31-299-672028 TAUS is an innovation think tank and interoperability watchdog for the translation industry. Our mission is to increase the size and significance of the translation industry to help the world communicate better. To meet this ongoing goal, TAUS supports entrepreneurs and principals in the translation industry to share and define new strategies through a comprehensive range of events, publications and knowledge tools. Tennessee Association of Professional Interpreters and Translators www.tapit.org
Authoring tools
Congree Language Technologies www.congree.com Dozuki www.dozuki.com
AutomAted trAnslAtion
ArgoMT www.argomt.com Digital Sonata www.digitalsonata.com Lexcelera (Eurotext Group) www.lexcelera.com
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Blogs consulting services cont. Aliquantum, Inc. http://aboutranslation.blogspot.com le Pelle — Knowledge Solutions www.lepelle.com Blogos www.multilingualblog.com Qabiria Studio SLNE www.qabiria.com Localization, Localisation http://localizationlocalisation.wordpress.com Scripto www.scripto.nu Translation News www.trans-news.com Syn-Tactic www.syn-tactic.com TMServe www.tmserve.gr Books & PuBlicAtions TOPs Globalization Consulting www.translationoptimization.com Byte Level Books www.bytelevelbooks.com Evertype www.evertype.com content mAnAgement International Book Centre, Inc. www.ibcbooks.com ClearPath, LLC http://clearpath.cc JoSTrans www.jostrans.org DocZone by Really Strategies, Inc. www.doczone.com Multilingual Matters www.multilingual-matters.com ecom enterprises, inc. www.ecomenterprises.com SIL International Publications www.ethnologue.com eWorld Learning, Inc. www.eworldlearning.com See our ad on page 8 cAll centers Kentico Software www.kentico.com Dialog One, LLC www.dialog-one.com LinguaLinx, Inc. www.lingualinx.com See our ad on page 23 conferences Vasont Systems www.vasont.com AGIS ’11 www.agis11.org desktoP PuBlishing services Dorothy Translations www.dorothytranslations.com ASIAL10N www.asialion.com ELIA Networking Days www.elia-association.org See our ads on pages 11, 45 The Gilbane Group www.gilbane.com Buenos Aires Translation & Design — BAT&D www.batnd.com.ar Intelligent Content www.rockley.com/IC2012 eLocalize Web: www.elocalize.net, E-mail: [email protected] Language & Technology Conference 7 Mohi Eldin Abdel Hameed Street, 8th District www.imtt.com.ar/2011conference Nasr City, Cairo 11471, Egypt 20-2-2670-9641, Fax: 20-22-274-6042 Localization World www.localizationworld.com We localize your life. With offices in Cairo, Dubai, Germany and Johan- See our ad on back cover nesburg, customers benefit from our experience in localizing into the lan- guages of our region. Services include high-quality translation, engineering, Nordic Translation Industry Forum www.ntif.se DTP for all languages and product testing. We have successfully carried out localization projects for major software and mobile telephony companies; important producers of electrical goods, training materials, e-learning tcworld conference www.tekom.de/conference courses as well as other market sectors; and international organizations. TM-Europe www.tm-europe.org Global DTP, s.r.o. www.global-dtp.com TMS Inspiration Days www.inspirationdays.eu Graphilingua (UK) Ltd www.graphilingua.com Hornet Design Studio www.hornetdesign.eu consulting services Idiomas, LLC www.foreignlanguagedtp.com Adaptive Globalization www.adaptiveglobalization.com See our ad on page 18 interlanguage s.r.l. www.interlanguage.it See our ad on page 22 Aloxmedia www.aloxmedia.com MicroType www.microtype.com Bisharat www.bisharat.net mwsdtp http://mwsdtp.com Content Life-cycle Consulting www.contentlcc.com Rancho Park Publishing www.ranchopark.com Englobe Inc. www.englobe.com Saudisoft Co. Ltd www.saudisoft.com Fleury & Fleury Consultants www.fleuryfleury.com See our ad on page 15
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desktoP PuBlishing tools educAtion cont. Adobe Systems IncorporatedInc. www.adobe.com/products/technicalcommunicationsuite.html Practical CoDesCo IT Consulting GmbH www.codesco.com/en/ex-translationfilter Professional Training Quadralay Corporation www.webworks.com Immersive StarrTech www.keyboardhelp.net Educational Experiences dictionAries, grAmmAr checkers International The CJK Dictionary Institute, Inc. www.cjk.org Student Body Global Glossary www.globalglossary.org
Kielikone Ltd. www.kielikone.fi Global Alumni Network Nynodata AS www.nynodata.no Comprehensive Smart Communications, Inc. www.smartny.com Academic & Songhay Dictionary Project Association www.songhay.org Career Advising WikIdioms www.wikidioms.com e-leArning, educAtionAl softwAre Where will your Braser Soft www.braser.com eLocalize www.elocalize.net master’s degree See our ads on pages 2, 7 The Monterey Institute’s M.A. degreestake in Translation, you? In- eWorld Learning, Inc. terpretation and Localization Web: www.eworldlearning.com E-mail: [email protected] ManagementThe Monterey prepare Institute’s students M.A. degrees in Translation, P.O. Box 52052, Washington, DC to becomeInterpretation world-class and Localization profes- Management prepare 20091-2052, USA, 520-245-5116 students to become world-class professionals with We specialize in culturally appropriate instructional design and the sionals with unlimited interna- strategic globalization of e-learning. Dr. Andrea Edmundson, Global tionalunlimited career international opportunities. career opportunities. Learning Strategist, ensures that your e-learning courses align with the cultural preferences of your targeted market. She analyzes and modifies • Programs offered in Chinese, French, German, content for relevance, context and language usage; instructional design for • Japanese, Korean, Portuguese, Russian and Spanish, Programs offered in learning styles, culturally-preferred activities and assessments; and media workingChinese, into French,and out of Ger- English. for appropriate video casting, audio, images, icons and technology. Let eWorld Learning, Inc., make you a leader in the undervalued market of • Curriculum provides in-depth training in globalized e-learning. Learners buy more when you offer training not just written and sight translation, consecutive and in their native languages, but in a familiar cultural context. simultaneous interpretation, and translation technologies and localization. Imperial College London www.imperial.ac.uk/cpd • Non-Degree Short Programs offer intensive, Interpreter Education Online, LLC customized courses for specific skill building www.interpretereducationonline.com for working professionals.
TrueLanguage www.truelanguage.com Choose the program that will get you to your destination. viaLearning http://vialearning.comvialearning.com
educAtion (degrees, certificAte ProgrAms)
Austin Community College www.austincc.edu/techcert/localization
Content Marketing Institute www.contentmarketinginstitute.com Be the Solution • www.miis.edu DPSI Online www.dpsionline.co.uk
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educAtion cont. enterPrise solutions cont. European Certification and Qualification Association — ECQA Text United GmbH www.textunited.com www.ecqa.org See our ad on page 19 Lessius University College/K.U.Leuven www.lessius.eu Monterey Institute of International Studies http://go.miis.edu/tisp See our ad on page 8 New York University www.scps.nyu.edu University of Lille 3, Master Traduction Spécialisée Multilingue www.univ-lille3.fr/fr/ufr-lea/formations/masters/tsm
enterPrise solutions STARt from pole position! Across Systems GmbH Web: www.across.net E-mail: [email protected] Documentation – Translation – Publication Im Stoeckmaedle 13-15, D-76307 Karlsbad, Germany 49-7248-925-425, USA: 877-922-7677 STAR – your single-source partner for Across Language Server, the world’s leading independent linguistic corporate product communication supply chain technology, provides a central software platform for corpo- rate language resources and translation processes. The all-in-one enter- prise solution includes a translation memory, a terminology system, and powerful PM and workflow control tools. It allows end-to-end processing so that clients, LSPs and translators collaborate seamlessly. Open interfaces enable the direct integration of CMS or ERP solutions, among others. Across clients access the Language Server via LAN, WAN or web, or as a hosted service. Across customers include Volkswagen, HypoVereinsbank, SMA Solar Technology and hundreds of other leading companies.
CELI Language & Information Technology www.celi.it Kilgray Translation Technologies www.kilgray.com See our ad on page 28 Kinetic.theTechnologyAgency www.thetechnologyagency.com See our ad on page 19 star-group.net STAR Group www.star-group.net See our ad on this page
The Language Technology Experts
Business Management
Web Workflow Project Solutions Management Automation NEW!
Web Services Terminology Interface Layer Translation Management Memory Advanced Leveraging External Machine Authoring CAT Tools Collaboration Translation Solutions TrTranslationanslation MManagementanage System www.multicorpora.com For Governments • Enterprises • LSPs USA / Canada: 877.725.7070 Europe : +32 (0) 2.213.00.20
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fonts & oPerAting systems lAnguAge leArning
Exaro Corporation www.exarocorporation.com Cheng & Tsui www.cheng-tsui.com
Fontlab Ltd. www.fontlab.com Computer Assisted Language Instruction Consortium — CALICO www.calico.org High-Logic B.V. www.high-logic.com FS Language Services, Inc. www.fslanguageservices.com Linguist’s Software, Inc. www.linguistsoftware.com Gabble On www.gabbleon.com Istituto Galilei www.galilei.it internAtionAlizAtion services Kamusi Project International www.kamusi.org Intervoices Comunicação Global www.intervoices.com Lingua Advanced Language Solutions www.linguaschool.com Lingoport www.lingoport.com Speak Languages! www.speaklanguages.co.uk Mother Tongue Inc. www.mothertongue.com/us University of Surrey www.surrey.ac.uk/languages Net-Translators www.net-translators.com See our ads on pages 24, 59 lAnguAge Product resellers XenCraft www.xencraft.com East View Information Services www.eastview.com
internAtionAlizAtion tools locAlizAtion services Across Systems GmbH www.across.net See our ads on pages 9, 31 Acclaro Inc. www.acclaro.com
Kokusaika JP, Inc. www.kokusaika.jp ACP Traductera, a.s. www.traductera.com
MultiCorpora www.multicorpora.com AD VERBUM Ltd www.adverbum.com See our ad on page 9 Adapt Localization Services www.adapt-localization.com Pangeanic www.pangeanic.com See our ad on this page
interPreting
American Translation Partners www.americantranslationpartners.com
CommGap www.commgap.com
Corporate Translation Solutions, LLC www.corptransaz.com
Fluency, Inc. www.gofluently.com
Geneva Worldwide, Inc. www.genevaworldwide.com
Interpreters-on-Call Ltd www.interpreters-on-call.com Johannes Tan, Indonesian Translator & Interpreter www.indotransnet.com
Langmanager www.langmanager.com
Language Engineering Company www.lec.com
Le French Link www.lefrenchlink.com
MDtranslation www.mdtranslation.com
Spring Institute for Intercultural Learning www.springinstitute.org
Ubiqus www.ubiqus.com
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locAlizAtion services cont. Brazilian Portuguese. We value quality, words and communication, and we All Localized www.alllocalized.com offer integral linguistic solutions that include a wide range of services such as translation, editing and proofreading of texts, software localization, web Alliance Localization China solutions, voiceover and DTP services, and so on. We have an experienced Web: www.allocalization.com E-mail: [email protected] in-house staff who guarantees our high standard of quality. Our values as a Suite 526, Building B, No. 10 Xing Huo company are cost-effectiveness, responsiveness, customer-oriented service, Road Fengtai Science Park, Beijing 100070, PR China 100070 reliability and fast turnaround. 10-8368-2169, Fax: 10-8368-2884 ALC offers document, website and software translation and localiza- Argos Translations www.argostranslations.com tion, desktop publishing and interpreter services. We focus on English, German and other European languages to and from Chinese, Japanese, ASIAL10N Korean and other Asian languages. We use TRADOS, CATALYST, SDLX, Web: www.asialion.com Transit, Wordfast, memoQ and other CAT tools, as well as DTP tools includ- E-mail: [email protected] ing CorelDRAW, FrameMaker, FreeHand, Illustrator, InDesign, PageMaker, 11/4 Soi Ruam Rudee, Bangkok 10330, Photoshop and QuarkXPress. Our customer-oriented approach is supported Thailand, 66-2-255-9697, Fax: 66-2-255-9696 by strong project management, a team of specialists, a large knowledge base ASIAL10N is a localization specialist in Asian languages with its major and advanced methodologies. We always provide service beyond our cus- operations located in Bangkok and production centers in Singapore, Shang- tomers’ expectations at a low cost and with high quality, speed, dependability hai and Osaka. With a strong in-house team of linguists and DTP specialists, and flexibility. ASIAL10N has been able to offer high-quality work at competitive rates. Servicing mostly multilanguage vendors for over a decade, we have worked Alt plus www.altplus.si with projects such as Microsoft, HP, Google, Apple, Volvo, Seagate, surveys and online games. Major languages include Chinese, Japanese, Korean, AMTrad Services di Alessandra Muzzi www.amtrad.it Thai, Indonesian, Malay, Khmer, Tagalog and Vietnamese.
Anzu Global LLC www.anzuglobal.com Aspena, s.r.o. www.aspena.com www.apsic.com ApSIC ASSERTIO Localization Services www.assertio.es Arabize www.arabize.com BeatBabel www.beatbabel.com Arancho Doc Group www.aranchodoc.com BGS euroscript, Inc. www.bgseuroscript.com Arcadia Translations Web: www.arcadia-t.com Ccaps Translation and Localization www.ccaps.net E-mail: [email protected] Arenales 3709 16ºB, Capital Federal, Argentina Clear Words Translations www.clearwordstranslations.com 5411-4833-7568 Arcadia Translations, a translation agency based in Argentina, pro- vides translation and localization services from English into Spanish and CodeXchange www.cxc.com.tw
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locAlizAtion services cont. Commit E4NET Co., Ltd. Web: www.commit.gr Web: www.e4net.net, E-mail: L10N@e4net E-mail: [email protected] .net, GeoAhm Building, 1449-7, 139, Plapouta Avenue, N. Iraklio, Seocho-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-867, Athens GR 141 21, Greece +30-210-8056930-2, Fax: +30-210-8056935 Republic of Korea, 82-2-3465-8500, Fax: 82-2-3465-8502 Commit is a leading localization services provider with offices E4NET is a language service provider that specializes in supplying in Athens, Greece, and San Diego, California. Quality, expertise, reli- Korean, Japanese, S-Chinese, T-Chinese, Thai, Malay, Vietnamese and ability, leading technology and customer focus have defined Commit Indonesian. Established in 1995, E4NET has successfully accomplished since its founding in 1997. Step by step, gradually evolving from a single many major projects for customers — such as IBM, Microsoft, Hewlett- language vendor to a full language services provider, Commit contin- Packard, LG Electronics, Google, Oracle, Dell, 3Com, Sony, BEA Systems ues to meet the requirements of global corporations, regardless of size. — based on accumulated experience and know-how. We specialize in Growth has been achieved through investment in people, technology the fields of IT such as ERP/CRM/DBMS, consumer software, hardware/ and processes, creating a level of quality unmatched in our industry equipment, OS, server application, management, multimedia and so on. and efficiencies that ensure clients are receiving the highest value at a E4NET can provide all types of localization works, including the full scope competitive price point. of software testing services in Windows, Macintosh, Linux and Unix, and DTP services as well as audio recording and video translation services. Continuum Web: www.continuum.hr EC Innovations, Inc. www.ecinnovations.com E-mail: [email protected] Ulica Gjure Szaba 4, Zagreb 10000, Croatia eGlobalEyes www.eglobaleyes.com +385-1-3909699, Fax: +385-1-3760047 Continuum is one of the leading providers of localization and transla- eLocale, Inc. www.elocale.com tion services in the region, featuring great track record in demanding pro- jects that require flexible capacity, highly efficient and experienced eLocalize www.elocalize.net linguistic teams, and meticulous project management. Our expertise See our ads on pages 2, 7 in subject areas such as information technology, telecommunications, various technical materials and life sciences, as well as the highest quality Equaloc www.equaloc.com standards applied to all business processes, are the best satisfaction guar- antee for all Continuum’s customers. Continuum provides services for ES Localization Services www.estr.com Croatian, Serbian, Slovenian, Bosnian, Macedonian, Albanian and other languages of Southeastern Europe, and has offices in Zagreb (Croatia) espell group www.espell.com and Belgrade (Serbia). EuroGreek Translations Limited www.eurogreek.com CONTRAD www.contrad.com.pl See our ad on page 21 exe, spol. s r. o. Web: http://localization.exe.sk Crestec Europe B.V. www.crestec.eu E-mail: [email protected] See our ad on page 21 Slávičie údolie 6, Bratislava 811 02, Slovakia CSOFT International Ltd. www.csoftintl.com +421-2- 67-296-111, Fax: +421-2-67-296-666 exe has been providing a full range of language services through its diaLOC, S.L. www.dialoc.com localization department for over 20 years. exe specializes in Central and Eastern European (CEE) languages. exe has established a smoothly run- ning localization and translation engine through long-term relationships www.diamecs.ru Diamecs Engineering, Ltd. with its CEE partners. exe focuses on clients for whom high-quality services are essential. exe’s localization and translation portfolio covers IT, techni- Dietz Translations www.frankdietz.com cal, medical, governmental, business, financial and other areas. Microsoft, Hewlett-Packard and the European Commission are among the clients that Diskusija depend on exe’s accuracy and cost-effectiveness. exe is an ISO 9001:2008 Web: www.diskusija.lt and EN 15038-certified language services provider. E-mail: [email protected] Seimyniskiu g. 1A, Vilnius LT-09312, ExeQuo www.exequo.com Lithuania, +370-5-2790574, Fax: +370-5-2790576 Founded in 1993, Diskusija specializes in technical translation and Eyron Ltd. www.eyron.com localization services from Western European languages into all Central and Eastern European languages with a strong focus on Baltic languages (Lith- EzGlōbe www.ezglobe.com uanian, Latvian, Estonian). Our experienced team is able to handle projects of any complexity. We guarantee professional and personal approach to Frognation Ltd www.frognation.com our clients’ needs, use of state-of-the-art industrial technology, quality management at all stages of a project, delivery on time, competitive rates Gamax http://loc.gamax.hu and flexibility. We have extensive expertise in the following industries: IT, software, hardware, telecommunications, medical equipment, medicine, GlobalVision International, Inc. www.globalvis.com pharmacology, accounting, finance, automotive industry, electronics, leg- islation, EU documents. Glyph Language Services www.glyphservices.com
e2f translations, inc. www.en2fr.com Gproject Corporation www.gproj.com
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LocaLization ServiceS cont.
Hermes Traducciones y Servicios Lingüísticos, S.L. ITI Ltd. www.iti.ru See our ad on this page www.hermestrans.com ITranslate OY www.itranslate.fi HighTech Passport www.htpassport.com Janus www.janusww.com Human Science Co., Ltd. www.science.co.jp See our ad on page 23 Interpro Translation Solutions Jonckers Translation & Engineering www.jonckers.com Web: www.interproinc.com E-mail: [email protected] JudiME Localization Services www.judime.com 4200 Commerce Court, Suite 204 Lisle, IL 60532, USA Julianus Ltd. www.julianus.hu 630-245-7150, Toll-free: 877-232-3277, Fax: 630-245-7155 Since 1995, Interpro has been focused on serving the localization Kevrenn International www.kevrenn.com needs of our clients. We provide unparalleled quality and service through a personalized, consultative approach, resulting in long-term partnerships Keywords International www.keywordsintl.com with each client. We propose and implement solutions to the issues that Language Automation, Inc. www.lai.com impact the localization process, yielding better overall return on invest- ment for our clients. Our corporate mission remains unchanged since our Language Translation, Inc. www.languagetranslation.com inception: to enable our clients to gain market share, increase revenue and enhance goodwill with their own clients by offering the most comprehen- Lingmaster, SIA www.lingmaster.com sive range of localization services in the industry. LinguaGraphics, Inc. www.linguagraphics.com Intertranslations Ltd. www.intertranslations.gr Linguistic Centre www.lingvo.lviv.ua IOLAR www.iolar.com Lionbridge www.lionbridge.com iSP www.isp.nl Localization to Russian www.loc2.ru Italiaware www.italiaware.net Locasis Bilişim Hizmetleri Ltd Şti. www.locasis.com LocaSoft GmbH www.locasoft.com LocTeam www.locteam.net Logrus International Corporation www.logrus.ru + Software localisation. See our ad on page 11 + Web site localisation. + Technical and general translation. Loquant Localization Services www.loquant.com + Interpreting. + Third-party translation review. LTES Ltd www.ltes-global.com + Style guide creation. + Desktop publishing. MAGIT sp. z o.o. + Linguistic advisory. Web: www.translations.magit.pl + Terminology and document management. E-mail: [email protected] + Technical writing. Parkowa 11, Psary, Wrocław 51-180 + Multimedia translation. Poland, +48-71-347-73-30, Fax: +48-71-372-94-58 + Web site design, development and internationalisation. MAGIT — experts in “Polishing” your products since 1995. MAGIT + Linguistic, typographic and style revision and review. offers software localization, multimedia localization and technical transla- + Video and audio tape transcription, tions into Polish and other Eastern European languages. Our main fields including studio dubbing and voice-over. of expertise include IT, life sciences, telecommunication, automotive, con- + Training on translation and localisation. sumer electronics and industrial technologies. Taking advantage of our net- work of proven in-country partners and building on experience in projects completed for global and regional players, we can offer professional services and personal dedication to help companies successfully launch products into new markets. We are your competent translation partner, flexible, responsive and reliable. Look no further. Try us out! TRADUCCIONES Y SERVICIOS LINGÜÍSTICOS Meaning Makers S.L. www.meaningmakers.es Founded in 1991 Cólquide, 6, portal 2 - 3.º I, MediLingua Medical Translations B.V. www.medilingua.com Edificio Prisma, 28230 Las Rozas, Madrid - SPAIN. See our ad on page 24 Phone: (+34) 91 640 7640 Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía MO Group International www.mogi-translations.com Juan López Peñalver, 17, 3.º, ofic. 6 Edificio Centro de Empresas 29590 Campanillas, Málaga - SPAIN Moravia Worldwide www.moraviaworldwide.com Email: [email protected] www.hermestrans.com Phone: (+34) 952 020 525 See our ad on page 14
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locAlizAtion services cont. MultiLing Corporation organizations. We offer accurate and effective translations (English, LA Web: www.multiling.com & US Spanish, Brazilian Portuguese, German, French and Quechua) to E-mail: [email protected] serve a wide range of sectors, such as life sciences, education, e-learning, 86 North University Avenue, Third Floor, Provo, UT 84601, USA telecommunications, marketing, software products, food and hospitality 801-377-2000, Fax: 801-377-7085 industries, automotive, legal, travel, insurance and manufacturing. As a full MultiLing Corporation is one of the world’s premier international lan- service LSP, we also offer multilingual DTP, software and website localiza- guage services and technology companies with translation centers in over 40 tion, English and Spanish e-classes, subtitling and interpretation. Our goal countries worldwide. MultiLing provides translation, localization, globaliza- is to deliver a customized service to each of our clients and build long-term tion services and translation technology to customers such as Dell, Procter business partnerships following ISO 9001:2008 standards. & Gamble, QLogic, LSI Corporation, IBM, Promise Technology, Fujitsu, and many others. Recognized as a leader in language technology, MultiLing has Omniage Ltd. www.omniage.com refined the art of the translation process by combining a premier language technology platform – the Fortis and Semantis product family – with incom- ORCO S.A. parable customer services. This integration of multilingual assets coupled Web: www.orco.gr, E-mail: [email protected] with cutting-edge linguistic technology makes MultiLing the complete solu- 6, Vas. Sofias Avenue, Athens 10674, Greece tion for your multilingual business needs. +30-210-7236001, Fax: +30-210-7249124 Founded in 1983, ORCO S.A., a leading translation The Name Technology Sdn. Bhd. www.tntsb.com and localization service provider, specializes in software localization and tech- nical translations (IT, telecommunications, medical, automotive, engineering, Narcís Lozano Drago www.narcislozano.com marketing, financial, EU). ORCO deals primarily with English-into-Greek Native Prime www.nativeprime.com projects, although translation from several other European languages can be taken aboard. With its experienced in-house personnel, ORCO is able to offer Neotech www.neotech.ru all language services at the highest quality level, including localization, product testing, engineering, DTP and so on. Our client list includes long-term col- See our ad on page 24 laborations with many IT companies such as Google, HP, IBM, Microsoft and Net-Translators www.net-translators.com Oracle, as well as international corporations such as Abbott, Ford, Nokia, Sony, See our ads on pages 24, 59 Kaeser and Hitachi. For further details, visit us at www.orco.gr. Netlingo International www.netlingo.co.in Osborne Solutions www.osborne-solutions.com NETWIRE www.netwire.com.br Palex Languages & Software www.palex.ru Nuadda www.nuadda.com Partnertrans www.partnertrans.com Ocean Translations PassWord Europe Web: www.oceantranslations.com Web: www.password-europe.com E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] San Lorenzo 1716 - 7 th floor, Rosario 2000, Argentina 51 rue Sainte Anne, Paris 75002, France +543415681230, Fax: +543415681230+119 +33-1-42-86-87-13, Fax: +33-1-42-86-04-51 Ocean Translations is a global provider of multilingual services, For nearly 20 years, PassWord Europe has been working with the delivering expert translation solutions to international and multilateral world’s leading information and communications technology companies,
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locAlizAtion services cont. offering them world-class expertise in localization and translation, Saudisoft Co. Ltd project management, technology, multilingual desktop publishing and Web: www.saudisoft.com graphic design. Highly qualified human resources, integrated processes E-mail: [email protected] and technical capabilities enable us to provide solutions to all needs, for 20A El Gehad Street Mohandessin Giza, Giza 11341, Egypt contents such as software, documentation, communications, market- +202-33046551, Fax: +202-33032036 ing and sales. Professionals – our human capital – constantly leverage Over 25 years of experience covering various industries, among our their know-how to ensure high-quality, proactive, timely service at every clients three of the top ten largest software companies in the world. Award- process step. At PassWord Europe, quality is at the heart of processes winning provider of software localization. Specialized in website localiza- and workflows throughout the project life cycle: quality — efficiency tion, multimedia localization, product and documentation, e-learning and training materials services. We also provide DTP, engineering and testing — proactivity. services. We cover more than 30 languages, specialized in Middle Eastern, African and Asian languages. Committed to providing quality, superior Paulo José www.paulo-jose.com multilingual capabilities, sophisticated engineering services and process automation. Promova www.promova.com.ua Spanish Express, Inc. www.spanish-express.com
PTIGlobal www.ptiglobal.com STEP.IN. S.r.l. www.step-in.it Studio Gambit Sp. z o.o. www.stgambit.com Real Idea Ltd. www.realidea.com/localization See our ad on page 25
Rheinschrift Übersetzungen, Ursula Steigerwald Synergium See our ad on this page www.rheinschrift.de Web: www.synergium.eu E-mail: [email protected] Žalgirio 88 - 404, Vilnius LT-09303, Lithuania RM-Soft Translation & Publishing S.L. www.rm-soft.com +370-5-275-26-56 Synergium is one of the leading integrated language service provid- Rosario Traducciones y Servicios S.A. www.rosariotrad.com.ar ers in the Baltics with representative offices and in-house teams of expert project managers, translators, editors, software engineers in Lithuania, RoundTable Studio, Inc. www.roundtableinc.net Latvia, Estonia, Russian Federation and Ukraine. The company has six See our ad on page 25 years of experience in translation and localization services covering main technical industries, such as automotive, environmental, EU, financial, IT, legal, medical and telecommunications. Due to its cutting-edge technolo- RS_Globalization Services GmbH & Co. KG gies, individual and thoughtful approach, Synergium has been recognized by www.rs-globalization.com world-renowned companies, such as Google, Microsoft, Philips Healthcare, GlaxoSmithKline and a number of smaller businesses all around the world. Ryszard Jarża Tanslations www.jarza.pl Synthema www.synthema.it See our ad on page 25 Teknik Translation Agency www.tekniktranslation.com Saltlux Inc. www.saltlux.com See our ad on page 26
Translation & Localization
Your German Language Specialist Outstanding I translation and localization I post-editing services Localization I proofreading I project management
I company-specifi c glossaries I desktop publishing
Cologne, Germany Tel +49(0)221 801 928-0 www.rheinschrift.de
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locAlizAtion services cont. locAlizAtion services cont.
Texel Localization Ltd. www.txl.co.il Xlated Ltd. www.xlated.com See our ad on this page TeXT idiomas www.text-idiomas.com TLT Documents ApS www.tlt.dk locAlizAtion tools TOIN Corporation www.to-in.com Across Systems GmbH www.across.net See our ads on pages 9, 31 Tradnologies www.tradnologies.com cHeNeSoN Computing www.myl10n.net transcript GmbH & Co. KG MadCap Software www.madcapsoftware.com Web: www.transcript.de See our ad on page 27 E-mail: [email protected] Beethovenstr. 8, D-50674 Köln, Germany MultiCorpora www.multicorpora.com 49-221-272738-10, Fax: 49-221-272738-11 See our ad on page 9 transcript is a leading provider of translation services specializing in technical translations and software localization. The company’s specific MultiLing Corporation www.multiling.com focus is on business and ERP software, and it has a diversified customer See our ads on pages 14, 24 portfolio. Thanks to our global partner network, we are equipped to handle both large-scale projects as well as smaller speciality items. With Multilizer www.multilizer.com our permanent staff of experienced in-house specialists plus a care- fully selected and maintained pool of freelance translators, transcript RC-WinTrans Software Localizer www.schaudin.com has earned itself the reputation of being a reliable and flexible business partner. The deployment of state-of-the-art CAT tools ensures efficient Resource Localizer www.rclocalizer.tk translation cycles with high throughput, and it also guarantees consistent terminology. SDL www.sdl.com TransGlobe International Ltd. www.transglobe-bg.com Sisulizer Ltd. & Co KG www.sisulizer.com Universally Speaking www.usspeaking.com mArketing Ushuaia Solutions www.ushuaiasolutions.com See our ad on page 27 Copywriting etc. http://susanremkus.com
Vietnam Localization Technology JSC www.vietnamlocalization.com Global Propaganda www.globalpropaganda.com VistaTEC www.vistatec.com moBile systems technologies Welocalize www.welocalize.com eLocalize www.elocalize.net WhP www.whp.net See our ads on pages 2, 7
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multiculturAl communicAtions multilinguAl softwAre
C&E Translation & Advertising Inc. www.cetrans.com AramediA www.aramedia.com eLocalize www.elocalize.net C-DAC GIST www.cdac.in/gist See our ads on pages 2, 7 Lagos Analysis Corporation (LANCOR) www.konyin.com GeaCom, Inc. www.myphrazer.com MultiCorpora www.multicorpora.com Health Outcomes Group www.healthoutcomesgroup.com See our ad on page 9 InterEthnica, Inc. www.interethnica.com Natlanco www.natlantech.com JFA, Inc. www.jfamarkets.com Net-Translators www.net-translators.com See our ad on this page See our ads on pages 24, 59 TripleInk Nisus Software, Inc. www.nisus.com Web: www.tripleink.com Soligsoft Inc. www.soligsoft.com E-mail: [email protected] 60 South 6th Street, Suite 2800 Tavultesoft www.tavultesoft.com Minneapolis, MN 55402, USA 1-612-342-9800, Toll-free: 1-800-632-1388, Fax: 1-612-342-9745 Unitype www.unitype.com TripleInk is a multilingual marketing communications agency that provides B2B and consumer products companies with precise transla- tion, transcreation and multilingual production services for audio-visual, multimediA interactive and print media. From advertising and website globalization to technical documentation, we offer integrated marketing communication ASIAL10N www.asialion.com solutions in all major world languages. Our Six Degrees of Transcreation® See our ads on pages 11, 45 approach to marketing communications enables our international team to make client brands relevant, anywhere on earth. And our proven quality eLocalize www.elocalize.net management system combined with state-of-the-art technology resources See our ads on pages 2, 7 provide us with the practical tools to deliver the comprehensive language services needed to meet our clients’ global business objectives. Oregon Translation, LLC www.oregontranslation.com nonProfit orgAnizAtions Indigenous Language Institute www.ilinative.org Northwest Translators & Interpreters Society — NOTIS www.notisnet.org The Rosetta Foundation Web: www.therosettafoundation.org E-mail: [email protected] Unit 13 Classon House, Dundrum Business Park, Dublin 14, Ireland 353-87-6736414 Access to information is a fundamental right. We want to relieve poverty, support health care, develop education and promote justice through access to information and knowledge across the languages of the world. The Rosetta Foundation supports the not-for-profit activities of the localization and trans- lation communities. It works internationally with those who want to provide equal access to information across languages, independent of economic or market considerations, including localization and translation companies, technology developers, not-for-profit and non-governmental organizations. TermNet — International Network for Terminology www.termnet.org Translators without Borders Web: www.translatorswithoutborders.com E-mail: [email protected] Passage du Cheval Blanc, 2 rue de la Roquette 75011 Paris, France, 33-1-55-28-88-09, Fax: 33-1-55-28-88-09 Translators without Borders is an independent registered nonprofit association based in France that assists non-governmental organizations (NGOs) by providing free, professional translations. Founded by Lexcelera in 1993, Translators without Borders has provided over two million dollars worth of free translations. Thanks to the funds saved, NGOs are able to extend their humanitarian work.
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Project mAnAgement softwAre testing cont. Across Systems GmbH www.across.net Net-Translators www.net-translators.com See our ads on pages 9, 31 See our ads on pages 24, 59
Jovosoft Translation & Software www.jovo-soft.de transcript GmbH & Co. KG www.transcript.de See our ad on page 16 recruitment, joB mAtching sPeech technologies Adaptive Globalization Web: www.adaptiveglobalization.com Applications Technology, Inc. www.apptek.com E-mail: [email protected] London, UK, and California, USA 44-208-123-0295, USA: 760-0268-9621, Fax: 44-1892-704-001 Adaptive Globalization Ltd and Adaptive Globalization Inc provide suBtitling/duBBing recruitment search and selection services to the globalization, localization and translation industries around the world. Whether you are an employer Al Media Movers, Inc. www.media-movers.com looking to fill a particular role or an individual looking for a fresh challenge, it is our job to make it happen. With advertising in over 20 different coun- Binari Sonori www.binarisonori.com tries, Adaptive Globalization Ltd has become the first-choice organization See our ad on this page for many companies and candidates around the globe. Services include search and selection, permanent recruitment, freelance introduction, con- cognitas. Gesellschaft für Technik-Dokumentation mbH tract recruitment, business-to-business introduction, salary surveys and job www.cognitas.de specification development. InterNation, Inc. www.internation.com GLTJobs.com www.gltjobs.com The Kitchen www.thekitchen.tv Larsen Globalization PrimeVoices SARL www.primevoices.com Web: www.larseng11n.com E-mail: [email protected] See our ad on page 28 [email protected] Eurolink Business Centre, Office 83, 49 Effra Road TechScribe www.techscribe.co.uk London SW2 1BZ, United Kingdom, +44 (0)207-274-9028 US Toll-free: 888-402-8886, Fax: +44 (0)207-274-9038 Larsen Globalization is the localization and globalization industry recruitment company with offices in the US and UK. We have been in busi- ness for over ten years and have worked to place specialized industry profes- sionals and executives globally. We offer permanent, contingency, retained and temporary placement services. Whether you are looking for a CEO or a project manager, an executive or an engineer, a sales director or linguist, we can help. With our extensive network and our industry expertise we will find you the talent you need. We look forward to working with you!
ProZ.com www.proz.com Volt Workforce Solutions www.volt.com
reseArch & AnAlysis
Aegis Resources www.softletter.com African Languages Technology Initiative – Alt-i www.alt-i.org
resources
Lingvistica www.lingvistica.org Payment Practices, Inc. www.paymentpractices.net
softwAre testing
I18nQA www.i18nqa.com Eiry Global Solutions www.eiry.com LocalVersion www.localversion.com
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terminology mAnAgement trAnslAtion mAnAgement systems cont. real-time dashboard provides reduced project management stress; monitors Across Systems GmbH www.across.net our exclusive automated bidding process; provides true vendor account- See our ads on pages 9, 31 ability and a powerful vendor rating system; and delivers detailed statistics by project, language and vendor. You know you need us, so call now! Crosslang (Cross Language N.V.) www.crosslang.com LSP.net GmbH www.lsp.net trAining, seminArs & workshoPs LTC www.ltcinnovates.com Finnish Translation Services www.finntranslations.com MultiCorpora www.multicorpora.com See our ad on page 9 IAPS www.iaps.com Plunet GmbH Language and Culture Worldwide, LLC www.languageandculture.com Web: www.plunet.com E-mail: [email protected] The Localization Institute www.localizationinstitute.com Prenzlauer Allee 214, Berlin 10405, Germany, 0049 (0)30-3229713-40 US Toll-free: 1-888-758-6381, Fax: 0049 (0)30-3229713-59 Loctimize GmbH www.loctimize.com With offices in Würzburg, Berlin and New York, Plunet develops and markets the business and translation management system Plunet Business- metafrasi School of Translation Studies www.metafrasi.edu.gr Manager, one of the leading management solutions for the translation and localization industry. Plunet BusinessManager provides a high degree of Shufra, LLC www.shufra-consultancy.com automation and flexibility for professional language service providers and translation departments. Using a web-based platform, Plunet integrates zaac — Angelika Zerfaß www.zaac.de translation software, financial accounting and quality management systems. Basic functions include quote, order and invoice management, compre- hensive financial reports, flexible job and workflow management as well as trAnslAtion mAnAgement systems deadline, document and customer relationship management. Please ask for a detailed list of the extensive capabilities. Across Systems GmbH www.across.net See our ads on pages 9, 31 Text United GmbH www.textunited.com See our ad on this page Advanced International Translations www.projetex.com XTRF Translation Management Systems www.xtrf.eu Albisa, Engineering for Language and Electronic Documents, S.L. www.albisa-solutions.com Andrä AG Web: www.andrae-ag.com E-mail: [email protected] Torstr. 61, Berlin 10119, Germany +49-30-3360440-00, Fax: +49-30-3360440-29 ONTRAM is leading innovation in the enterprise translation manage- ment space and helps corporations and large organizations deliver local language materials, consistent branding and faster time to global markets. ONTRAM is designed to be a flexible business process automation and integration framework for multilingual content production. The focus of the software is on business process automation, workflow efficiency and interoperability. The system fits seamless into highly-complex IT landscapes and can easily be customized to customer specific requirements. Andrä AG, developer of the ONTRAM system, is headquartered in Berlin, Germany. Its US-based subsidiary, ONTRAM Inc., is located in San Jose, California.
CloudLingual www.cloudlingual.com IcoText http://icotext.com JiveFusion Technologies www.jivefusiontech.com
Kinetic.theTechnologyAgency Web: www.thetechnologyagency.com E-mail: [email protected] 200 Distillery Commons, Suite 200, Louisville, KY 40206, USA 502-719-9565, Fax: 502-719-9569 Kinetic is the only firm working exclusively on the localization execu- tive’s behalf to improve your translation quality, to speed up turnaround times and to significantly reduce your costs. Kinetic provides the industry’s only stress-relief guarantee! Using your favorite vendors, you now have a centralized translation process for consumer communications, marketing, legal and HR that leverages your TM across all projects and all vendors. Your
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trAnslAtion services
1st Transnational Translations www.1sttransnational.com Arial Global, LLC www.arialglobalreach.com
AAA Translation www.aaatranslation.com ASAP-translation.com www.asap-translation.com
Abellana Ltd www.abellana-ts.com ASIAL10N www.asialion.com See our ads on pages 11, 45 Academy of Languages, LLC www.aolti.com Asian Translation Service www.asiantranslation.com AccentPharm Medical Translations www.accentpharm.com AST Language Services Ltd. www.astls.co.uk Accessible Translation Solutions www.accessibletranslations.com Atalaya Global www.atalayaglobal.com Accurate Translation Services, Inc. www.seattletranslation.com Atlantic Language Services www.atlanticlanguages.co.uk Accurate Translations Ltd. www.accuratetranslations.co.uk Auerbach International Inc. www.auerbach-intl.com ACP Traductera, a.s. B&K Projects www.bkprojects.be Web: www.traductera.com, E-mail: [email protected] Na Pikete 173/3, 377 01 Jindrichuv, Hradec, Czech Republic B2B Translations www.b2btranslations.com 420-384-361-300, Fax: 420-384-361-303 BABYLON EXPERT www.babylonexpert.com ACTC Translation Centre www.actc.com.sg balTICK language services www.baltick.lt Active Translators www.active-translators.com Bay Translations www.baytranslations.com Adapt Localization Services www.adapt-localization.com See our ad on page 10 Bc. Rostislav Bála www.tschechische-ubersetzungen.de
Afaf Translations www.afaftranslations.com BENEXtra Korea www.benextra.com
Afghan Translation Service www.afghantranslation.com Berthold International GmbH www.bertholdinternational.com
Agostini Associati www.agostiniassociati.it BeTranslated www.betranslated.com
Albanian Language Services www.albanian-language.com BiroTranslations (Biro 2000 d.o.o.) www.birotranslations.com
Alboum & Associates www.alboum.com Blue South www.bluesouth.co.nz
Alchemy Translations www.alchemy-translations.co.uk Braahmam Net Solutions Pvt. Ltd. www.braahmam.net
Alisa International www.alisainternational.com Bromberg & Associates, LLC www.brombergtranslations.com
All Linguex Translations Incorporated www.medicalcedex.com Bureau Translations www.bureautranslations.com
Allegro Translations, Inc. www.allegrotranslations.com Burg Translations, Inc. www.burgtranslations.com
Alliance Localization China www.allocalization.com Carmazzi Global Solutions www.carmazzi.com See our ad on page 11 Casa de Traduceri www.casadetraduceri.ro Alma Mater www.am-ukr.com CEET Ltd. www.ceet.eu altalingua www.alta-lingua.com CETRA Language Solutions www.cetra.com AlvinTranslation www.alvintranslation.com Charles Aschmann Language Services www.charlesaschmann.com AMlingua www.amlingua.com ChinaLinguists Limited www.chinalinguists.com Andrei Sedliarou Translations www.translator4you.com CIKLOPEA d.o.o. www.ciklopea.com Anja Casties-Bergfeld www.casties-bergfeld.de Clear Words Translations www.clearwordstranslations.com Apex Translations, Inc. www.apex-translations.com Commit www.commit.gr Arcadia Translations www.arcadia-t.com See our ad on page 12 See our ad on page 11 Comprehensive Book Translation Services Argo Translation, Inc. www.argotrans.com www.bookwebtranslation.com
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trAnslAtion services cont.
ComTranslations www.comtranslations.com Crestec Europe B.V. Web: www.crestec.eu E-mail: [email protected] Continuum www.continuum.hr Teleportboulevard 110, 1043 EJ Amsterdam See our ad on page 12 The Netherlands, 31-20-58-54-640, Fax: 31-20-58-54-646 With 28 years of experience, the Crestec Group has developed into a CONTRAD www.contrad.com.pl major market leader in technical documentation. Our worldwide network See our ad on this page of more than 20 offices spread all over Japan and Asia, Europe and the United States enables us to deliver translation and documentation services Corporate Translations, Inc. in 60+ languages in any possible format and in a wide range of subject areas: Web: www.corptransinc.com automotive, medical, consumer electronics, and so on. We also offer software E-mail: [email protected] localization, DTP and printing fulfillment services. As the main European 77 Hartland Street, East Hartford, office within the Crestec Group, Crestec Europe is specialized in document Connecticut 06108, USA, 860-727-6000, Fax: 860-727-6001 engineering. Whatever your needs are, we have the solution for you! With over two decades of acquired knowledge in the highly regulated life science industry, Corporate Translations has become a recognized CTS LanguageLink www.ctslanguagelink.com expert in project management, managing both complex and simple trans- lation and linguistic validation projects specifically for pharmaceutical, Cultural Dynamics Specialists, Inc. www.cdslanguages.com biotech and medical device companies in addition to CROs and IRBs. Corporate Translations’ ISO 9001:2008 certified translation process has Cybertec USA, Inc. www.cybertecusa.com earned the company preferred vendor status with some of the world’s top pharmaceutical companies such as Pfizer, Abbott, Novartis, Bristol D&M Language Services www.dmlanguageservices.com Meyers Squibb, Boehringer Ingelheim and Merck. Corporate Translations understands the need for quality translations quickly, accurately and cost- Decoder + www.decoderplus.com effectively, and we deliver. delsurtranslations www.delsurtranslations.com.ar Corporate Translations, Inc. www.corporatetranslations.com Deyá idiomas www.deyaidiomas.com Cosmos Lingua, Inc. www.cosmoslingua.com DG Global www.dg-global.com cre@dventure — Andrea Baumann & Christophe Barde GbR dialog translations www.dialog-translations.com www.creadventure.de Diskusija www.diskusija.lt See our ad on page 12 Dixon Servicios Lingüísticos, SL www.dixon.es diye Global Communications www.diye.com.tr Document Service Center GmbH www.dsc-translation.de DokuTrans Translation Services www.dokutrans.net Dolphin Translations GmbH www.dolphin-translations.com Dr. Localize Communication Bridge Co. Ltd. www.drlocalize.com DS Translations www.dstranslations.eu Dussault Translation www.dussault-translation.com Duual, S.L. www.duual.com e-Arabization www.e-arabization.com E4NET Co., Ltd. www.e4net.net See our ad on page 12 EastSun Translations www.eastsuntranslation.com eLocalize www.elocalize.net See our ads on pages 2, 7
Eriksen Translations Inc. www.eriksen.com eTeams International Ltd www.eteams.ie ETLS International www.etlsint.com Étymon Solutions www.etymon-solutions.com
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eurolink traductors, s.l. www.eurolink.es Hieroglifs Translations Romania www.hieroglifstranslations.ro Eurotext AG www.eurotext.de Hispano Language Advisory www.myhispano.com Excel Translations, Inc. www.lifesciencestranslations.com HTT www.htt.fr exe, spol. s r. o. http://localization.exe.sk ida Corporation www.ida-net.com See our ad on page 12 Idea Translations www.ideatranslations.com Express International Translations Inc. http://expressinternationaltranslations.com Ideas Translated www.ideastranslated.com Eye-Translate www.eye-translate.com IDEST Communication SA www.idestnet.com FAMA Traducciones www.famatraducciones.com iDISC Information Technologies www.idisc.es Five Star Interpreting & Translations www.5starbit.co.uk ILA Translation Services www.ilatranslation.com Folio Online www.folio-online.co.za IMTT www.imtt.com.ar Follow-Up Translation Services www.follow-up.com.br in FRENCH only inc./in SPANISH too! Translations Foreign Ink Ltd. www.fornink.com www.translations.ca The Foreign Language Company www.foreignlanguagecompany.com Indy Translations www.indytranslations.com Foreign Translations, Inc. www.foreigntranslations.com Info Plus SRL www.infoplus-srl.com
ForeignExchange Translations www.fxtrans.com INLanguage www.inlanguage.net
Formula F Ltd. www.123translate.me Inline Translation Services, Inc. www.inlinela.com Gemino GmbH www.gemino.de Interchallenge Translations www.interchallenge.com The Geo Group Corporation www.thegeogroup.com Interlang Ltd. www.interlang.net Global Accent Translation Services www.globalaccent.com interlanguage s.r.l. Global Language Translations and Consulting, Inc. Web: www.interlanguage.it www.gltac.com E-mail: [email protected] Strada Scaglia Est, 134, Modena 41126, Italy Global Lingo www.global-lingo.com +39-059-344720, Fax: +39-059-344300 Interlanguage has been delivering a comprehensive range of top quality Global Localize www.global-localize.com professional services to major customers throughout the world since 1986: technical, financial, legal and promotional translations, terminology man- Global Reach Languages, Inc. www.gr-languages.com agement, desktop publishing, interpreting and voiceover. In-house staff of editors and project managers covers a variety of technical fields, from all lan- global syntax www.global-syntax.com guages into Italian with extended usage of CAT tools. The DTP service offers typesetting in all European and Asian languages. Interlanguage is one of the Global textware bv www.globaltextware.nl first translation centers in Italy to be awarded the Quality System certifica- tion ISO 9001:2008, Translation Service certification UNI EN 15038:2006 Global to Local Language Solutions LLC www.g2local.com and Interpreting Service certification UNI 10574:2007.
Hansson Übersetzungen GmbH www.hansson.de International Contact, Inc. www.intlcontact.com Harcz & Partner Ltd. Translation Company International Language Services, Inc. www.ilstranslations.com www.translationcompany.org
HCR-Informatica e Traducoes, Unip Lda. www.hcr.pt International Language Services, LLC www.ilsmultilingual.com HD — Horacio R. Dal Dosso www.hdosso.com.ar International Language Source, Inc. www.ilsource.com HE Translations www.hetranslation.co.uk International Translation Bureau www.itbtranslation.com Helena Technical Translations B.V. www.helena.nl Interpro Translation Solutions www.interproinc.com See our ad on page 13 HELP srl www.agenziahelp.it Interpunct Translations www.interpunct.es Hermes Traducciones y Servicios Lingüísticos, S.L. See our ad on page 13 www.hermestrans.com InTransCo, Inc. www.intransco.com
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iPublish Pte Ltd www.ipublish.com.sg Language Services Associates www.lsaweb.com italianwords www.italianwords.eu Lexika s.r.o. Web: www.lexika.sk, E-mail: [email protected] iTranslate4 Consortium http://itranslate4.eu Dobrovicova 10, Bratislava 81109, Slovakia +421-2-5010-6700, Fax: +421-2-5292-5965 Iwóka Translation Studio www.iwokatranslation.com At Lexika we have the capability and skilled personnel to handle your Central and Eastern European (CEE) translation needs. We provide trans- Janus www.janusww.com lations into CEE languages over a wide range of business and professional See our ad on this page fields. Lexika’s project management ensures quality, cost-effectiveness and fast turnaround. With 19 years’ experience, we ensure on-time delivery JAPANtranslation http://gotojapantranslation.com and outstanding customer service. To request a quote for your next CEE language project, visit www.lexika.sk. JRD Translations www.jrdias.com Lido-Lang Technical Translations www.lidolang.com KERN AG www.e-kern.com LIG Languages & Solutions www.lig-china.com/en/index.htm King’s Translation & Copywriting sprl www.kingstranslation.com Lingua IT International www.linguait.com KL-Link Co., Ltd. http://localize.co.kr LinguaLinx, Inc. Language Connect www.languageconnect.net Web: www.lingualinx.com E-mail: [email protected] Language Empire www.language-empire.com The LinguaLinx Building, 122 Remsen Street Cohoes, NY 12047, USA, 518-388-9000, Fax: 518-388-0066 The Language Exchange, Inc. www.langex.com LinguaLinx is a leading provider of global content and language intelligence to organizations around the world. The content experts at Language People, Inc. www.languagepeople.com LinguaLinx help manage and localize messaging to enhance efficiency and provide consistency across all forms of communication. With offices Language Professionals www.langpro.com.au around the world, LinguaLinx provides organizations with localization solutions that fit their needs including: translation and interpretation, marketing communications and website localization, translation memory deployment, multilingual SEO, translation readiness assessment and global content management. Unify your global organization with a customized content intelligence strategy and ensure that your messages resonate across borders with language intelligence. To learn more, visit lingualinx.com.
LinguaPoint GmbH www.linguapoint.de LinguaVox, S.L. www.technical-translations.com Lion-Net www.lion-net.com Loc.PRO www.loc.pro LocaFlex, Ltd. www.locaflex.ru Logrus International Corporation www.logrus.ru See our ad on page 11
LUZ, Inc. www.luz.com Lys Vietnamese Translation www.lysvietnamesetranslation.com
MAGIT sp. z o.o. www.translations.magit.pl See our ad on page 13 Magnum Group, Inc. www.magnumgroupinc.com maramara* taldea www.maramara.net MARK Business Translations www.marktranslations.com Matrix Communications AG www.matrix-ag.com +7 (495) 913 6653 Mayflower Language Services Pvt. Ltd. www.janusww.com, [email protected] Russia • Ukraine • Kazakhstan • Germany • USA www.mayflowerlanguages.com ISO 9001:2000 certified Mc LEHM Language Services www.mc-lehm.com
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MediLingua Medical Translations B.V. Moravia Worldwide www.moraviaworldwide.com Web: www.medilingua.com See our ad on page 14 E-mail: [email protected] Poortgebouw - Rijnsburgerweg 10, Leiden 2333 AA MSS www.mss.es The Netherlands, 31-71-5680862, Fax: 31-71-5234660 MediLingua provides professional medical translation services. We MTM LinguaSoft www.mtmlinguasoft.com offer 40+ of the world’s major languages. Our work concerns both medi- cines and medical devices. Our customers are pharmaceutical companies, MultiLing Corporation CROs, medical publishers, national and international medical and regula- Web: www.multiling.com tory organizations, and manufacturers of medical devices, instruments, E-mail: [email protected] in vitro diagnostics and medical software. We translate regulatory dossier 86 North University Avenue, Third Floor, Provo, UT 84601, USA information (SmPCs, PILs, labeling), general information about medi- 801-377-2000, Fax: 801-377-7085 cines, health and treatment, clinical trial documents, and instructions for MultiLing Corporation is one of the world’s premier international lan- medical devices. Our services also include pretranslation source text edit- guage services and technology companies with translation centers in over 40 ing, translatability assessment, international review management, transla- countries worldwide. MultiLing provides translation, localization, globaliza- tion validation, harmonization of language versions, user testing (cognitive tion services and translation technology to customers such as Dell, Procter debriefing), readability testing, and back translation and reconciliation. & Gamble, QLogic, LSI Corporation, IBM, Promise Technology, Fujitsu, and many others. Recognized as a leader in language technology, MultiLing has Merle & Sheppard Language Consulting Ltd. refined the art of the translation process by combining a premier language www.language-consulting.com technology platform – the Fortis and Semantis product family – with incom- parable customer services. This integration of multilingual assets coupled Metagraphe Translations Ltd www.swedish-translations.net with cutting-edge linguistic technology makes MultiLing the complete solu- tion for your multilingual business needs. MGO-Traducciones www.mgo-traducciones.com.ar Multilingual Connections www.multilingualconnections.com Michal Circolone: Hebrew Translator & Editor www.hebrew-translator.com Multilingual Translation Services www.multilingual.com.hk MilaTova International Translations Ltd. www.milatova.com Multilingual Translations Management b.v. — MTM www.mtm-international.eu Milengo www.milengo.com N3Ds Translations www.n3dstranslations.com Mirora International Translations www.mirora.com Natalia Zudaire www.zudaire.com.ar Necco Ent. Inc. www.necco.ca Neotech www.neotech.ru See our ad on this page Net-Translators Web: www.net-translators.com Your Vision. Worldwide. E-mail: [email protected] 13 Hamifal Street, P.O. Box 1052 Or Yehuda 60500, Israel 972-3-5338633, N. America Toll-free: 800-320-1020, Fax: 972-3-5336956 Net-Translators provides turnkey translation, localization and multi- lingual testing services and customized strategy-to-deployment localization solutions in over 60 languages. For ten years, we’ve helped technology com- panies and medical-device manufacturers prepare their products and services for global markets, including software applications (GUI, online help and documentation), marketing materials, websites and more. Our professional, customer-focused teams deliver consistent, accurate results in compliance to international regulations, and our one-of-a-kind Multilingual Testing Center offers the ultimate testing environment for localized products. ISO 9001:2008 and ISO 13485:2003 certifications and a long-standing reputation for quality consistently earn Net-Translators the trust of industry leaders worldwide.
New Market Translations www.nmtrans.com NewTEQ www.newteq.com.tw NIGtranslations www.nigtranslations.es Nile Language Services www.nilels.com nlg GmbH www.nlgworldwide.com Nordtext www.nordtext.com Nørjordet tekst www.norjordet.no
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trAnslAtion services cont. Ryszard Jarża Translations Ocean Translations www.oceantranslations.com Web: www.jarza.pl, E-mail: [email protected] See our ad on page 14 ul. Barlickiego 23/22, Wrocław 50-324 Poland, +48-601-228332 www.okodia.com Okodia - Translation Group Ryszard Jarża Translations is an established provider of specialized Pol- Omni Technologies, Corp. www.omnitechnologies.com.pa ish translation, localization and testing services, primarily for life sciences, IT, automotive, refrigeration and other technology sectors. For over a decade, we OmniLingua Worldwide www.omnilingua.com have been active in the technical and marketing translation market. We work directly with documentation departments of large multinational customers One Hour Translation Ltd. www.onehourtranslation.com and with multilanguage service providers. Our in-house team is comprised of experienced linguists with medical, IT and engineering backgrounds. We OneDocument, S.L. www.onedocument.eu guarantee a high standard of quality while maintaining flexibility, unparalleled responsiveness and reliability. Our services are certified to EN 15038:2006. ORCO S.A. www.orco.gr Sajan, Inc. www.sajan.com See our ad on page 14 SALT Egypt www.saltgroup.org Orient Translation Services www.orienttr.com Same Day Translations www.samedt.com P & L Translations www.pandltranslations.com Satto Translations www.satto.info PassWord Europe www.password-europe.com See our ad on page 14 Schreiber Translations, Inc. www.schreibernet.com
pepperea Kft. www.pepperea.com Scriptor Services LLC www.scriptorservices.com Perfecto Brasil www.perfectobrasil.com.br SEATONGUE www.seatongue.com SeproTec Multilingual Solutions www.seprotec.com Peritus Language Services www.peritusls.com Sharper Translation Services, Inc. www.sharpertranslation.com Premier Focus Inc. www.premierfocus.com Skjal Translations www.skjal.com Prevajalske storitve Franci KopaČ, s. p. www.ps-kopac.si SLS international Inc. www.sls-international.com President Translation Service Group International — PTSGI www.ptsgi.com Sobrero Language Services www.italiantranslator.org.uk
Qingdao OM Translation Co., Ltd. www.86trans.com SOPHIA, jazykove sluzby s.r.o. www.sophia-cb.cz Quicksilver Translations www.quicksilvertranslate.com South African Translators’ Institute www.translators.org.za R L Translations Ltd www.rltranslations.co.uk Spanish Translator www.spintra.com SpanSource www.spansource.com Real World Translations www.realworldtranslations.com Spiderword www.spiderword.com reliable translations llc www.reliable-translations.com STAR Servicios Lingüísticos www.star-spain.com Rescribe www.rescribe.com STP Nordic www.stpnordic.com Rheinschrift Übersetzungen, Ursula Steigerwald See our ad on page 15 www.rheinschrift.de Studio Gambit Sp. z o.o. Web: www.stgambit.com, E-mail: [email protected] RoundTable Studio, Inc. ul. Matejki 6, Gdańsk 80-232, Poland Web: www.roundtableinc.net 48-58-345-3800, Fax: 48-58-345-1909 E-mail: [email protected] Assuring premium translation services involving any +54-11-4001-3109, Fax: +54-11-5648-7380 of 20 languages of the Central and Eastern Europe has never been easier. RoundTable Studio offers full Spanish and You can now get access to the best regional resources with one special- Brazilian Portuguese language services; reliable quality delivery times; scal- ized business partner offering uncompromising quality. Studio Gambit ability and flexibility; project management, desktop publishing, localization leverages nearly two decades of experience gained in the most challenging engineering/testing, audio production and more through real (not virtual) projects to provide you with exclusive advantages: perfect timeliness, on- offices in Argentina, Brazil and Spain. Experienced in-house production demand scalability, value-added project management, outstanding DTP teams covering a wide variety of subject matters, including IT (software/ and localization engineering. If you are looking for an ultimate solution to your translation and localization needs, find out where the smartest buyers hardware), telecom, business/finance, life sciences, engineering/mechanics, finally stop. Contact us. We warrant the best value for money. education e-learning, energy, entertainment leisure and much more. Take your seat at the RoundTable. Spanish and Brazilian Portuguese have Sunda Systems Oy www.sunda.fi never been easier! Synergium www.synergium.eu RUSLAN Translations Inc. www.ruslan.com See our ad on page 15 RWS Group www.rws.com Syntes Language Group, Inc. www.syntes.com
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T9N B2B Multilingual Services www.t9n.com Tilti Systems www.tilti.com Taji Institute www.taji-institute.com Tim Davies Nordic Translations www.timadavies.com Technical Language Services, Inc. www.tls-translations.com TiMe Translations & Training www.timeargentina.com Technolex Translation Studio http://technolex-translations.com Tip-Top Translations www.tip-toptranslations.com TechWord www.techword.fr Tiqua Translations www.tiqua.com Tek Translation International www.tektrans.com TMG Translation Services Limited www.tmgtranslation.com Teknik Translation Agency www.tekniktranslation.com To The Point Translations http://users.skynet.be/ttpt See our ad on this page Tradux Translations www.tradux.de Teknotrans AB www.teknotrans.com TransEvolution www.transevolution.com Teletranslations www.metaphraseis.com TransFormats Language Services www.transformats.com TELTAI www.teltai.com Transimpex Translators-Interpreters-Editors-Consultants, Inc. Tennessee Foreign Language Institute www.tfli.org www.transimpex.com Terralíngua www.terralingua.com.br Translated in Argentina www.translated-in-argentina.com Tesi & testi S.a.s. www.tesietesti.it Translation Back Offce www.translationbackoffice.com Tetraktys Studio Professionale Associato www.tetraktys.it Translation Company Notaatio Oy www.notaatio.fi TetraLingua Fachübersetzungen www.tetralingua.de Translation Empire www.translation-empire.com Texo SRL www.texott.com.ar Translation Management Ltd. www.translationmanagement.co.uk TextPartner sp.j. www.textpartner.com Translation World Ltd www.translationworld.org translations CE www.t-ce.net Translations International, Inc. www.tiinc.com TranslationSmart, Inc. www.translationsmart.com Translator Scandinavia AB www.translator-scandinavia.se Teknicats Translatum Oy www.translatum.fi Translavic Polska Sp. z o.o. www.translavic.eu Who can use a CAT tool better than a cat? TransLink Translations www.trans-link.com Transloc www.transloc.lv Translogic www.translogic.no TransPerfect www.transperfect.com Transslate.com www.transslate.com Welcome to the world of TransSoft www.transsoft.pl vigilant, ambitious and quality-oriented cats! treeloc www.treeloc.com •Experts in IT, Engineering, Automotive and Medical Translations •Reliable Service and Responsiveness TripleInk www.tripleink.com See our ad on page 17 •Experienced in various CAT tools Teknik Translation Agency TRSB Inc. www.trsb.com Your Turkish Localization Partner TurkishEnglish.com www.turkishenglish.com [email protected] Turklingua Translation Services www.turklingua.com Telephone: +90 232 489 89 43 +90 555 482 26 11 TW Languages www.twlanguages.com www.tekniktranslation.com UnaLingua Sprachen & Technologie GmbH www.unalingua.de
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Ushuaia Solutions www.ushuaiasolutions.com World Language Communications See our ad on this page www.worldlanguagecommunications.com Vancouver Technical Translation Wratislavia Translation House Sp. z o.o. www.wth.pl www.vancouvertechnicaltranslation.com Xlated Ltd. www.xlated.com Vedia Translations www.vediatranslations.com See our ad on page 16 Verbatim Solutions www.verbatimsolutions.com Yan Translation www.yantrans.com Verbumsoft www.translatorsbase.com Yoshino Trad www.yoshinotrad.com Versalia Traducción, S.L. www.versalia.com YYZ Translations www.yyztranslations.com Versatile Translation Services Inc. www.versatile.ab.ca zappmedia GmbH www.zappmedia.com Version internationale www.version-internationale.com Zinacle www.zinacle.com Verztec Consulting Pte Ltd www.verztec.com trAnslAtion tools viaLanguage www.vialanguage.com ASIAL10N www.asialion.com Viya Translations www.viyadil.com See our ads on pages 11, 45 Ways With Words Translation Services Ltd. Atril www.atril.com www.ways-with-words.com ECM engineering www.sysfilter.de WERPRO Language Consulting & Translation Ltd. www.werpro.com Fluency by Western Standard www.westernstandard.com Win & Winnow Communications www.winandwinnow.com Integrated Wave Technologies, Inc. www.miltrans.com wintranslation www.wintranslation.com JawJaw Graphic Training Aids http://jawjawcard.com Wolfestone Translation Ltd www.wolfestone.co.uk Kilgray Translation Technologies www.kilgray.com See our ad on page 28
lexicool.com www.lexicool.com Lingotek www.lingotek.com Lucy Software and Services GmbH www.lucysoftware.com MadCap Software Web: www.madcapsoftware.com E-mail: [email protected] 7777 Fay Avenue, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA 858-320-0387, Toll-free: 888-623-2271 MadCap Lingo is a translation management tool designed to assist professional translators in the translation and localization process. Improve translation efficiency with a streamlined workflow using built-in transla- tion memory technology (TMX support), detailed reporting capabilities and advanced translation features such as alignment, termbases and more.
Maxprograms www.maxprograms.com MediLingua Medical Translations B.V. www.medilingua.com See our ad on page 24 MetaTexis Software and Services www.metatexis.com MultiCorpora www.multicorpora.com See our ad on page 9 SYSTRAN www.systransoft.com See our ad on page 6
Word Magic Software www.wordmagicsoft.com Wordbee www.wordbee.com Wordfast www.wordfast.com
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Translation technology can be simpler than that.
Clean InnovatIve easy to use www.kIlgray.Com [email protected]
voiceovers voiceovers cont. Binari Sonori www.binarisonori.com Pink Noise S.L. www.pinknoise.es See our ad on page 18 PrimeVoices SARL www.primevoices.com Omni Intercommunications, Inc. www.omni-inter.com See our ad on this page Voice Shop www.voice-shop.co.uk weBsite gloBAlizAtion AJPR www.ajpr.com ASIAL10N www.asialion.com See our ads on pages 11, 45 eLocalize www.elocalize.net See our ads on pages 2, 7
Globalization Partners International www.globalizationpartners.com iData Technologies www.idatatechnologies.com Junction International, LLC www.junctioninternational.com Net-Translators www.net-translators.com See our ads on pages 24, 59
Web-Translations Ltd. www.web-translations.com workflow solutions 1io USA www.1io.com Comprehensive Language Center, Inc. www.comprehensivelc.com Plunet GmbH www.plunet.com See our ad on page 19 STAR Group www.star-group.net See our ad on page 9
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6-28 Resource Directory.indd 28 1/12/12 10:36 AM MultiLingual reader survey results
MultiLingual magazine polled its readers at the end of 2011, asking for topics of interest, reader demographics and ways to improve. The vast majority of respondents rated the magazine as either “great” or “good” in terms of quality (96%) and usefulness (84%). Western Europe led the poll on regions that interested readers (Figure 1) with some readers noting that, for example, “The entire planet” was of interest, and translation led in the topics category (Figure 2). The usefulness of the index (Figure 3) and back issues were explored as well, with 87% saying they refer to back issues of MultiLingual at least occasionally. One of those polled noted that “when someone mentions an article, or I find a reference, I go back and find information that I end Figure 1: What regions interest you? up using extensively. Articles that weren’t relevant to my work when they were pub- lished have value later.” Other respondents commented that they used back articles for client, student and employee education. “We use back articles to train new employ- ees,” one person stated. Another reader was “inspired by articles that can be used as client education. They are well written and accepted by our clients.” Some of those who did find back issues and articles to be helpful requested an online compilation of the indexes from over the years, and MultiLingual is currently looking into how to implement this in a more formal way than the simple sitewide search available online. Just how technical to make articles is a question of some debate, and 71% of readers Figure 2: What topics interest you? said they wanted the balance left as it is, with 23% wanting a more technical bent and 6% wanting things to be less technical. One way to try to make everyone happy is to have articles with slightly different technical levels, depending on subject matter, and the magazine will explore having a few more technical articles for the techie audience. At the same time, the survey also garnered comments like “less techie please, and more focused on everyday language specialists.” In answer to the question about how many MultiLingual advertisers that readers had contacted, the survey showed that advertisers are averaging more than one business contact per reader. Additionally, 69% of readers said they either purchase or influence purchase decisions at their company. Figure 3: How do you use the yearly editorial index and resource directory?
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29 SurveyResults.indd 29 1/12/12 9:18 AM The importance of content inventories Kate Edwards
ome of you might remember the old often heads-down busy with their respective tasks. Coordination public service announcement on US among the teams takes place, of course, but one of the weak- television where an ominous voice nesses I’ve seen in various processes is the lack of metadata and a broader, long-term mechanism for referencing, tracking and would ask parents: “It’s 11 pm; do you managing content elements. Without such a strategy in place, know where your children are?” It was it’s easy for specific elements to become lost in an ocean of con- intended to shock parents into being tent against the backdrop of pressured deadlines and ship dates. Sresponsible and keeping track of their children’s Of course, within the realm of localization, we have become activities. I’d like to offer my own version of this far more savvy and efficient with our content management adage to you: “It’s late in the product development systems because without them, we simply cannot do our work. Even more so, when it comes to the culturalization of content, cycle; do you know where your content is?” some form of content inventory becomes even more critical. It might seem unfathomable to think that it’s easy to lose With many geopolitical and cultural issues, the point of concern track of content, but I’ve worked is very precise in nature — one on numerous projects in which word, one symbol, one icon, one questions about the in-product image and so forth. If a problem location of a certain symbol or The idea is not to maintain an inven- arises with such a specific piece of piece of artwork or text phrase are tory only for one specific project. content, it is absolutely essential difficult for the team to answer. that it can be discovered and rem- They know the content was devel- Rather, the idea is that every project’s edied as soon as possible. oped, but it’s not always easy to inventory should be a subset of a There are a few things that know exactly where it ended up. compose an effective content Then if a product involves any central inventory. inventory system as it pertains form of domain or locale-based to tracking the geopolitical and tailoring, such as modifying the cultural issues that may arise in content for a specific geography, the issue becomes even more content. First and foremost, there must be a commitment on the convoluted. part of the development team to invest the effort into creating In most large-scale product development, there’s often a fre- a system that will be effective in tracking content assets while netic forward charge between the inception of the project and not being disruptive. This is achievable with even simple best the final touches before release. After agreeing on the broad practices, such as enforcing the need for content tagging or vision for the product, the various teams get to work and are keywording at the point of creation, developing a basic schema for the types of content that will be involved in the project and assigning the responsibility for enforcement to the appropriate team members. Kate Edwards is a geographer and the principal consultant of Englobe, a Seattle-based consultancy Secondly, with text-based content there needs to be addi- for geocultural intelligence and content strategy. tional considerations of locale-specific variances in meaning Previously, Kate spent over 13 years at Microsoft as and cultural relevancy. A lot of progress has already been made a geographer and senior geopolitical strategist. around text management, as we have a plethora of search
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30-31 Edwards.indd 30 1/12/12 9:09 AM engines, corpora and so forth. These advances have been a Too often have I seen projects where such an issue has boon for creating and manipulating text, but it’s critical that arisen. Once, for example, there was a need to find a very additional metadata be available that helps identify potentially specific symbol or text embedded within a specific image, but sensitive terms and phrases across many languages. At one the developers had failed to implement any kind of indexing. point, I was involved in a project that created terminology So instead of being able to do a quick database call on their databases for sensitive geopolitical and cultural terms — and content inventory within seconds, a person (or persons) actu- not just basic profanity — for over 45 languages. Each term or ally had to sift through the images (which could be hundreds phrase contained an assigned severity level for triage purposes or thousands in number) and find the specific problem. All of during development, as well as contextual cues to help the team this wasted time, energy and money can be avoided with some know when the term was or wasn’t appropriate to use. proactive measures. Thirdly, we have to consider all the issues involving non- Lastly, when creating and managing content inventories, we text content. Unfortunately, with content such as maps, icons have to ensure that they are part of a larger company strategy to and photos, it’s much more difficult to identify potential cul- collect the corporate memory around locale-specific variations turalization issues. It’s easy to store the image with a specific and potentially sensitive issues. In other words, the idea is not file name and find it, but what about the contents of the image to maintain an inventory only for one specific project. Rather, itself? For example, what if the image contains embedded text the idea is that every project’s inventory should be a subset or symbols or other artwork? Some images, such as a national of a central inventory. Granted, in some cases there may be flag, are easy to label, tag and store. It’s pretty self-explanatory legal restrictions on the intermingling of content between pro- to see something such as South_Sudan_National_Flag.PNG. But jects, and this must be considered. In reality, many companies what if it’s an image of a sports stadium that contains ten dif- take this centralized approach already, but it’s important to be ferent national flags? If one of those flags was that of Taiwan explicit about how the importance of being able to learn from and you wanted to use this image in China, that could become a past issues and carry forward the collected wisdom. In this way, real problem for your company and could lead to serious sanc- a content inventory becomes not just a repository but a form tions. In such cases, it’s easy to see how important it must be to of knowledge base in its own right. You’ll not only know where go beyond standard file labeling by actually creating inventory your content is at any given time, but it will be able to educate of the content with more detailed metadata. over time on how, where and why it’s been leveraged. M
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30-31 Edwards.indd 31 1/12/12 9:09 AM The language services market: A year in review
Common Sense Advisory calculated that the market for outsourced language services was worth $31.44 billion in 2011. Our study measured actual financial activity for fiscal year 2010. We found that the vast majority of the market is concentrated in two major geographic regions of the world, Europe and North America. To provide greater vis- ibility into the market, we divided Europe into four main regions, to present a total of nine major regions that make up the largest shares of total market size.
Global language services market share by region North America (49.25%) and Western Europe (21.13%) made up the largest segments of the market, followed by Northern Europe (12.71%). A middle tier of regions included Asia (7.43%), Southern Europe (5.39%), and Eastern Europe (2.84%). The smallest tier of regions consists of Oceania (0.66%), Latin America (0.32%) and Africa (0.26%). Can the market really be that big? Consider the fact that the Breakdown of language service markets (Due to rounding, percentages don’t add up to 100). Top 50 suppliers’ revenue adds up © Common Sense Advisory to more than $4 billion alone. The remainder of companies we surveyed most recently — 912 out for France, Germany, Switzerland and other countries in the of 25,256 — contributed nearly another $1 billion. In other region is significant. words, our survey sample represented 3.6% of the total popu- Northern Europe, while home to many large providers as lation, which contributed a total of $5 billion to the market well, has a smaller number of suppliers, and thus takes the in 2010. Our revised estimate for the 2010 market is $29.27 third spot. Asia has charged ahead of Southern Europe, and billion. So, our sample of just 3.6% of language service would probably hold an even larger percentage of global providers (LSPs) worldwide accounted for 17% of LSP global market share were it not for the low costs of services in the revenue in 2010. The remaining 24,344 LSPs in our directory region, but we expect this to change as China, India and other contribute much smaller individual amounts, but there are so countries continue to strengthen. We also noted that Oceania many of them that they make up a significant market, though moved ahead of Latin America and Africa. Right now, these one that’s highly fragmented. last few regions contribute very small amounts of revenue, There are a couple of important changes we noticed in the but we expect this to change in the years to come. distribution of language services revenue from last year to this year. Our data indicates that North American suppliers continue to hold a nearly identical percentage of the global Common Sense Advisory is an independent Massachusetts- market share as they did a year ago (48.5% last year, 49.25% based market research company that helps companies this year). Western Europe, on the other hand, has risen to the profitably grow their international businesses and gain access second spot (21.13% of the global market share), where one to new markets and new customers. For further information or would expect it to be. After all, the gross domestic product related research on these topics, contact Common Sense Advisory .
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32 CSA editorial.indd 32 1/12/12 9:11 AM Index: Issues 117 - 124 A Association for Machine Translation in the Americas (AMTA), covers ABBYY USA research, commerce and more, 117: 9 Lingvo Dictionaries 2.0, 121: 10 Association of Language Companies (ALC), industry associations form Lingvo x5, 123: 9 alliance, 118: 10 www.ABBYYonline.com, 118: 8 associations, organizations and institutions. See Abgaryan, Anna, 120: 9 American Translators Associations (ATA) Aceves, Maria, 119: 8 Association for Machine Translation in the Americas (AMTA) Ackuna.com, 119: 9 Association of Language Companies (ALC) ACP Traductera, s.r.o., adds languages, 123: 10 Centre for Next Generation Localisation (CNGL) Across Systems GmbH Dublin City University Akorbi selects, 118: 10 European Language Industry Association Ltd. (ELIA) ERDAS selects, 119: 12 European Language Resources Association (ELRA) mt-g selects, 117: 12 European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) SH3 chooses, 121: 10 Globalization and Localization Association (GALA) “Adaptability at Adobe”: Lori Thicke, 121: 17–19 Localization Industry Standards Association (LISA) “Adapting humor in video game localization”: Alberto Fernández Multilingual Europe Technology Alliance (META) Costales, 122: 33–35 Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Adaptive Globalization Ltd., redesigns website, 124: 9 Standards (OASIS) Adobe Systems Incorporated Translation Automation Users Society (TAUS) “Adaptability at Adobe”: Lori Thicke, 121: 17–19 University of West London recent industry hires: John O’Conner, 124: 9 ASTM International, Committee F43 on Language Services and Advanced International Translations, Ltd. Products, 119: 8 Dot Comma chooses Projetex, 124: 11 Atelier Convivialité, Web Translate It updated, 124: 10 Translation Express chooses Projetex, 122: 11 ATRIL/PowerLing Advanced Language Translation, Inc. Déjà Vu X2, 121: 10 Projetex 8.5, 120: 11 partner companies merge, 120: 11 updates technology with Plunet, 118: 10 Attia, Mohamed: “Arab Spring from cyberspace to reality,” 123: 36–39 “Agile challenges”: Adam Asnes, 117: 22–23 Author-it Software Corporation AGITO Translate, 121: 10 Author-it v5.5, 121: 10 Agostini, Alessandro: “Search engine optimization and international now in San Jose, 124: 9 branding,” 117: 45–46, 48–49 Author-it v5.5, 121: 10 Akorbi Language Consulting, selects Across, 118: 10 AutoCAD WS, 119: 10 Alchemy Software Development Ltd., Alchemy CATALYST 9.0, Image Autodesk Translator, 117: 11 AutoCAD WS, 119: 10 Ali, Alam, 120: 9 “Do-it-yourself machine translation at Autodesk”: Lori Thicke, 122: AlphaSearch, 124: 10 15–17 Alphatrad, AlphaSearch, 124: 10 Avantix Global, Welocalize merge, 119: 7 Al-Yassin, Altaib, 124: 9 American Translators Association (ATA) B 2011 officers announced, 118: 10 Babylon 9, 118: 9 51st ATA conference (October 27-30, 2010), 117: 7 Babylon Ltd., Babylon 9, 118: 9 certified translator seal, 124: 10 Badame, Valarie, 123: 8 “AMTA covers research, commerce and more”: Laurie Gerber, 117: 9 “Balancing powers”: Kate Edwards, 118: 18–19 Andrä AG Barceló, Curri: “Games localization QA,” 122: 36–37, 39 GO IN chooses, 119: 11 Barreau, Jacques: “New concepts in voice testing for dubbing,” 118: TermWeb and ontram joint solution, 124: 10 45–47 “Animal symbolism”: Kate Edwards, 121: 20–21 Basic terminology, 117: 53–54, 118: 53–54, 119: 53–54, 120: 53–54, Applied Language Solutions 121: 53–54, 122: 53–54, 123: 53–54, 124: 49–50 MoJ framework agreement, 122: 11 Basis Technology Corp. recent industry hires: Andy Way, 117: 10 Government agencies to use, 122: 10 SmartMATE, 124: 10 Rosette 7.3, 119: 10 Traslan acquired by, 118: 7 Bauerova, Karla: “Stuck in the middle,” 124: 58 AppTek, acquired by SAIC, 117: 10 Bearden, Michael, 118: 7 ApSIC S.L., Xbench 2.9, 121: 9 BeatBabel, relocates headquarters, 117: 10 “Arab Spring from cyberspace to reality”: Mohamed Attia, 123: 36–39 Bell, Terena ArchiText, Inc., ISO 9001:2008 and EN 15038:2006 certification, 117: 12 “The games we play,” 122: 22–23 Argondizzo, Peter: “Managing variable text in translation,” 123: “Managing interpreting for domestic violence cases,” 119: 25–27 46–48 “Project management for languages of limited diffusion,” 123: 49–52 Argos Translations Sp z o.o. “Translating slogans,” 117: 50–52 opens Galway office, 120: 9 Bell, Terena, and Maureen McCarthy: “Suggestions for successful recent industry hires: Frans Wijima, 121: 9 Japanese in-country review,” 118: 31–34 Asia Bendikova, Petra, 123: 8 “Evolution of Asian writing systems”: Bob Myers, 118: 40–44 Beninatto, Renato, 117: 12 “Leveraging social media in Asia”: Rebecca Ray, 118: 28–30 Bentley Systems, “Lean localization at Bentley Systems”: Lori Thicke, Asnes, Adam: “Agile challenges,” 117: 22–23 118: 15–17 “Assessment of text accuracy”: Angela Starkmann, 117: 42 Bergeron, Sylvain, 124: 9
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33-45 Index.indd 33 1/12/12 9:19 AM Index: Issues 117-124 BGS euroscript, 120: 9 Tarquini, 122: 13–14 Bikmatov, Renat, Serge Gladkoff, Marina Kostionova and Andrei Chang, Rudy, 119: 8 Kopylev: “Case study: Implementing Moses,” 120: 37–41 “The changing addressable market and machine translation”: Brian Bird, J. Alan, 118: 7 Garr, 117: 32–34 Bokor, Gabe, 118: 10 China Bourland, Wayne: “Why MT gets more talk than action,” 121: 62 Chinese writing system, 118: 40–41 Boyer, Sylvaine, 118: 7 “Games in China: virtual assets and localization”: Xiaochun Zhang, Brener, Ilana, 120: 9 118: 35–39 Brink Global Solutions, LLC, BGS euroscript, 120: 9 “Introduction to localizing for China and Japan”: Frank Lin and Brobeck, Elizabeth, 122: 10 Angelika Zerfaß, 118: 22–27 Bromberg & Associates, LLC, relocates, celebrates 12 years, 122: 12 “Promoting luxury goods in China through social media”: Brown, Meta, 123: 8 S. Mitchell Donaldson, 123: 29–31 Brown-Hoekstra, Katherine: “tcworld in Wiesbaden,” 124: 8 Choudhury, Rahzeb: “TAUS User Conference 2011,” 124: 8 Bugel-Shunra, Dena Cicero Translations, relocates Tunbridge Wells office, 120: 9 “Medical interpreting in the United States,” 121: 30 Cisco Systems, Inc., “Turbocharged MT testing at Cisco”: Lori Thicke, “Seven strategies for court linguists,” 119: 32–33 119: 21–23 business Clay Tablet Technologies “Conducting a culture audit for Saudi Arabia”: Aaron Marcus, translation management system connectors, 121: 10 Emilie Gould and Laurie Wigham, 120: 42–46 version 3.0 of Translation Connector for Sitecore CMS, 118: 8 “Ensuring appropriate language proficiency”: Bill Hindle, 124: 46–48 Cloudwords, Inc., Cloudwords, 119: 9 “Improving a development team through culture analysis”: Aaron CLS Communication AG Marcus and Emilie Gould, 122: 48–52 adds services, 119: 11 “India: Many languages, one emerging market”: Elanna Mariniello, and Vermilion meet KIID requirements, 121: 10 Matthias Steiert and Afaf Steiert, 124: 34–36 signs terminology agreement with IFRS Foundation, 123: 11 “Introduction to localizing for China and Japan”: Frank Lin and CMSwithTMS, 123: 9 Angelika Zerfaß, 118: 22–27 Cogen SA, recent industry hires: Emilie Magnier, 118: 7 “Leveraging social media in Asia”: Rebecca Ray, 118: 28–30 Colón, Elizabeth “Localization Portland, Oregon-style”: Jeff Williams, 124: 43–45 “Providing interpretation for successful medical care,” 121: 29, 31–33 “New concepts in voice testing for dubbing”: Jacques Barreau, 118: “Spanish interpreting nuances,” 120: 22–24 45–47 Common Sense Advisory, Inc. “Project management for languages of limited diffusion”: Terena ‘How to Benchmark Your Localization Budget,’ 117: 11 Bell, 123: 49–52 latest market research reports, 123: 8 “Search engine optimization and international branding”: “Localization Maturity Model (2011),” 119: 35 Alessandro Agostini, 117: 45–46, 48–49 new Common Sense research, 121: 9 “Suggestions for successful Japanese in-country review”: Terena recent industry hires Bell and Maureen McCarthy, 118: 31–34 Anna Abgaryan, 120: 9 “Terminology survey results”: Barbara Inge Karsch, 119: 45–50 Karl-Johan Lönnroth, 122: 10 “Translating gamer slang in World of Warcraft”: Frank Dietz, 122: 30–32 Vijayalaxmi Hegde, 119: 8 “Translating slogans”: Terena Bell, 117: 50–52 research and reports, 118: 7 “Translating to save lives”: Lori Thicke, 121: 24–26 ‘The Top-Scoring Global Websites,’ ‘How to Drive Translation Sales,’ The Business Side 120: 9 “Agile challenges”: Adam Asnes, 117: 22–23 ‘Trends in Crowdsourced Translation,’ 119: 9 Byte Level Research Comsense new book imprint to publish other titles, 119: 9 merges with Translator Scandinavia, 120: 9 The Savvy Client’s Guide to Translation Agencies, 117: 11 On-Demand Translation, 117: 10 Web Globalization Report Card 2011, 118: 7 “Conducting a culture audit for Saudi Arabia”: Aaron Marcus, Emilie Gould and Laurie Wigham, 120: 42–46 C conferences Caballero, Arancha: “Is social media used in our industry?”, 123: 42 9th AMTA conference (October 31-November 4, 2010), 117: 9 Capeta, Victoria, 124: 9 51st ATA conference (October 27-30, 2010), 117: 7 “Careful culturalization in India”: Kate Edwards, 124: 24–25 International Federation of Translators (FIT) (August 1-4, 2011), 123: 7 “Case study: Implementing Moses”: Renat Bikmatov, Serge Gladkoff, Localization World Silicon Valley (October 10-12, 2011), 124: 7 Marina Kostionova and Andrei Kopylev, 120: 37–41 TAUS User Conference (October 6-7, 2011), 124: 8 “Centralizing localization resources at Yahoo!”: Lori Thicke, 123: 18–19 tcworld India (March 10-12, 2011), 124: 8 Centre for Next Generation Localisation (CNGL) tcworld Wiesbaden (October 18-20, 2011), 124: 8 and TAUS MT post-editing guidelines, 118: 7 tekom (November 3-5, 2010), 117: 7 collaborates with Vocalytics, 123: 11 Worldware Conference (March 15-17, 2011), 119: 7 Centrum Lokalizacji C&M sp. z o.o. Congree Language Technologies GmbH, recent industry hires: Ursula chosen by UNIT4 TETA, 121: 11 Reuther, 123: 8 localizes the Philharmonic of Wrocław, 118: 10 Contraxx Enterprise 8.0, 119: 10 recent industry hires: Miroslaw Ziolek, Dorota Szaszko, Marcin controlled authoring, “Potential for using controlled authoring Marciniszyn, 119: 8 software to facilitate editing”: John Kohl, 117: 40 Yamazaki Mazak selects, 119: 11 Costales, Alberto Fernández: “Adapting humor in video game Cerebra LPO, partners with Foreign Translations, 124: 11 localization,” 122: 33–35 CETRA, Inc., awarded ISO 9001:2008, ISO 13485:2003 certifications, CPSL, CPSL — Medical Translations, 119: 10 122: 12 “Creating translation-oriented source documents”: Nicole Keller, 123: Chandler, Heather, and Stephanie O’Malley Deming: The Game 43–45 Localization Handbook: Second Edition, reviewed by Gianna Crestec Europe B.V., opened branch, 119: 8
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33-45 Index.indd 34 1/12/12 9:19 AM Index: Issues 117-124 Crosignani, Simone: “Tips for successful games audio production,” Barreau, 118: 45–47 122: 40–43 Dubiel, Max, 119: 8 crowdsourcing Dublin City University, OpenMaTrEx v0.97, 118: 9 “Crowdsourcing culture”: Kate Edwards, 123: 20–21 Duran, Christine, interview with, 121: 17–19 “HootSuite’s crowdsourced translation project”: Rebecca Ray, 123: “Dying customs”: John Freivalds, 117: 20–21 32–35 “Translation in the social cyberworld”: Madalena Sánchez E Zampaulo, 123: 24, 26–28 EC Innovations, Inc., E-C Translation changes name to, 122: 10 “Trends in Crowdsourced Translation: What Every LSP Needs to E-C Translation Ltd., changes name to EC Innovations, 122: 10 Know,” 119: 9 Ecteon Inc., Contraxx Enterprise 8.0, 119: 10 “Crowdsourcing culture”: Kate Edwards, 123: 20–21 education, “Localization education programs for fall,” 122: 7 CSOFT International, Ltd. Edwards, Kate moved headquarters, 119: 7 “Animal symbolism,” 121: 20–21 ReviewIT, TermWiki Toolbar, 117: 11 “Balancing powers,” 118: 18–19 “Cultural laws”: Kate Edwards, 119: 24–25 “Careful culturalization in India,” 124: 24–25 culture “Crowdsourcing culture,” 123: 20–21 “Arab Spring from cyberspace to reality”: Mohamed Attia, 123: “Cultural laws,” 119: 24–25 36–39 “Culture is content,” 120: 16–17 “Careful culturalization in India”: Kate Edwards, 124: 24–25 “Levels of game culturalization,” 122: 18–19 “Conducting a culture audit for Saudi Arabia”: Aaron Marcus, “Pinnacle Islands: mapping sensitivity,” 117: 18–19 Emilie Gould and Laurie Wigham, 120: 42–46 Ektron Connector, 119: 10 “Crowdsourcing culture”: Kate Edwards, 123: 20–21 Elanex, Inc. “Cultural laws”: Kate Edwards, 119: 24–25 partners with MailUp, 118: 9 “Culture and language issues in global clinical trials”: Inna recent industry hires Kassatkina, Stacy Liechti and Mark Opler, 121: 42–45 Agnieszka Ostrowska, Russell Trounce, 119: 8 “Culture is content”: Kate Edwards, 120: 16–17 Edward Varela, 122: 10 formality and Japanese culture, 118: 33–34 ELEKS Software, sees revenue growth, 119: 8 “Improving a development team through culture analysis”: Aaron Ellena, Mariana, 124: 9 Marcus and Emilie Gould, 122: 48–52 ENLASO Corporation, redesigns website, 122: 10 “India offers new business opportunities”: Sandeep Nulkar, 124: “Ensuring appropriate language proficiency”: Bill Hindle, 124: 46–48 31–33 Enterprise Innovators “Levels of game culturalization”: Kate Edwards, 122: 18–19 “Adaptability at Adobe”: Lori Thicke, 121: 17–19 “Project management for languages of limited diffusion”: Terena “Centralizing localization resources at Yahoo!”: Lori Thicke, 123: Bell, 123: 49–52 18–19 “Promoting luxury goods in China through social media”: “Do-it-yourself machine translation at Autodesk”: Lori Thicke, 122: S. Mitchell Donaldson, 123: 29–31 15–17 software globalization in China and Japan, 118: 23–26 “Highly collaborative globalization at Sybase”: Lori Thicke, 124: 20–22 “Translation for the audience: The case of Vietnamese”: Pham Hoa “Lean localization at Bentley Systems”: Lori Thicke, 118: 15–17 Hiep, 124: 40–42 “MT at Symantec”: Lori Thicke, 117: 15–17 “Translation needs in India, present and future”: Bob Myers, 124: “Turbocharged MT testing at Cisco”: Lori Thicke, 119: 21–23 26–30 ErrorSpy Online version 6, 121: 10 “Culture and language issues in global clinical trials”: Inna Ervin, Clark Kent, 119: 11 Kassatkina, Stacy Liechti and Mark Opler, 121: 42–45 etymology, “Understanding etymology to improve medical “Culture is content”: Kate Edwards, 120: 16–17 translation”: Luciana Ramos, 121: 34–38 Eule Lokalisierung GmbH, EN 15038:2006, 118: 10 D European Commission - DG Translation, Language industry web Dahiwadkar, Yogini: “Teaching Hindi and Marathi,” 124: 37–39 platform, 117: 11 de Pinto, Marco S.: “Portuñol: Blending Spanish and Portuguese,” European Language Industry Association Ltd., ELIA officers 120: 32–34 announced, 117: 12 DeCamp, Jennifer: “Resources for working with the US government,” European Language Resources Association (ELRA) 119: 30–31 catalogue additions, 124: 9 Definitions of UTX vocabulary, 120: 49 new ELRA resources, 120: 10 Déjà Vu X2, 121: 10 European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) Deming, Stephanie O’Malley. See Chandler, Heather, and Stephanie Industry Specification Group Localisation Industry Standards, 121: 9 O’Malley Deming LISA standards find new home, 120: 11 Dietz, Frank: “Translating gamer slang in World of Warcraft,” 122: European Union, LTC joins MORMED Project, 117: 12 30–32 euroscript International S.A. Diskusija UAB, redesigns logo, website, 122: 10 and fme partner, 119: 12 D.O.G. (Dokumentation ohne Grenzen) GmbH, ErrorSpy Online BGS euroscript, 120: 9 version 6, 121: 10 solidifies brand, 119: 7 “Do-it-yourself machine translation at Autodesk”: Lori Thicke, 122: Evoca, Evoca Express voice recording, 119: 9 15–17 “Evolution of Asian writing systems”: Bob Myers, 118: 40–44 Donaldson, S. Mitchell: “Promoting luxury goods in China through eWorld Learning, Inc., relocates, 120: 9 social media,” 123: 29–31 “An experiment with literary machine translation”: Gentry L. Watson, Dot Comma Translations Ltd, chooses Projetex, 124: 11 117: 41–44 dotMobi, goMobi localization, 118: 8 DotNetNuke Corp., DotNetNuke 6, 122: 12 F dubbing, “New concepts in voice testing for dubbing”: Jacques Filomeno, Rocco, 122: 10
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33-45 Index.indd 35 1/12/12 9:19 AM Index: Issues 117-124 “Finding the ideal process for pharmaceutical translations”: Libor Gladkoff, Serge, 117: 12 Safar, 121: 46–50 Gladkoff, Serge. See Bikmatov, Renat, Serge Gladkoff, Marina Fires, Aline, 124: 9 Kostionova and Andrei Kopylev, 120: 37–41 “First impressions of tekom”: John Terninko, 117: 7 Global Communications Business Group, NZTC International awarded “Five reasons to budget more time for testing”: Pablo Muñoz Sánchez, EN 15038:2006 certification, 122: 12 122: 38 “The Global economic downturn and multimedia localization”: Nataly FlexT9 for Androids, 119: 9 Kelly, 122: 62 FluencyFlow, 123: 9 Global Language Solutions, Inc. Folio Online, South African hospitals contract Folio’s InterTel, 120: 11 expands into Europe, adds to staff, 118: 7 Foreign Staffing, Inc., 123: 10 recent industry hires Foreign Translations, Inc. Alison Roach, 122: 10 Foreign Staffing, Inc., 123: 10 Maria Aceves, Dina Sirotkina, 119: 8 partners with Cerebra LPO, 124: 11 Global Lingo Ltd., recent industry hires: Melanie Race, 121: 9 updates website, 119: 12 Global Translations, GTS Website Translator, 124: 10 “Frankly speaking”: John Freivalds, 124: 23 GlobalEnglish Corporation, GlobalEnglish Suite, 124: 10 “Freelancing vs. translation agency management”: Daniel B. Harcz, globalization, “Highly collaborative globalization at Sybase”: Lori 120: 62 Thicke, 124: 20–22 Freivalds, John Globalization and Localization Association (GALA) “Dying customs,” 117: 20–21 Industry associations form alliance, 118: 10 “Frankly speaking,” 124: 23 new GALA board members, 117: 12 “Hurry up and wait!”, 118: 20–21 Globalization Partners International “International taxi tips,” 119: 26–27 Ektron Connector, 119: 10 “Never burn a bridge,” 122: 20–21 expands desktop publishing services, 123: 10 “Outlets for frustration,” 123: 22–23 Translation Services Portal update, 121: 9 “What’s in a place name?”, 120: 18–19 WordPress CMS Plug-In, 122: 11 “Winning the war of word apps,” 121: 22–23 GlobalLink 4.0, 119: 9 “From Globalization to Realization: A Product Launch Roadmap,” 120: 10 Globalme Localization Inc., CMSwithTMS, 123: 9 GlobalSight G 8.0, 119: 10 The Game Localization Handbook: Second Edition, Heather Chandler 8.2, 124: 10 and Stephanie O’Malley Deming: reviewed by Gianna Tarquini, GlobalSight Connector, 121: 10 122: 13–14 GlobalSight Corporation, GlobalSight 8.0, 119: 10 “Games accessibility for all”: Jennifer Vela Valido, 122: 44–47 Globalyzer “Games in China: virtual assets and localization”: Xiaochun Zhang, 3.4, 118: 8 118: 35–39 3.5, 120: 10 “Games localization QA”: Curri Barceló, 122: 36–37, 39 3.6, 122: 11 “The games we play”: Terena Bell, 122: 22–23 Gomes, Gabriel, 124: 9 gaming goMobi, 118: 8 “Adapting humor in video game localization”: Alberto Fernández Google, Inc. Costales, 122: 33–35 and EPO collaborate on machine translation, 117: 12 “Five reasons to budget more time for testing”: Pablo Muñoz integrates SVOX technology, 118: 10 Sánchez, 122: 38 Gould, Emilie The Game Localization Handbook: Second Edition, Heather See Marcus, Aaron, and Emilie Gould Chandler and Stephanie O’Malley Deming: reviewed by See Marcus, Aaron, Emilie Gould and Laurie Wigham Gianna Tarquini, 122: 13–14 Grosso, Valeria, 120: 9 “Games accessibility for all”: Jennifer Vela Valido, 122: 44–47 GTS Website Translator, 124: 10 “Games in China: virtual assets and localization”: Xiaochun Zhang, 118: 35–39 H “Games localization QA”: Curri Barceló, 122: 36–37, 39 Harcz, Daniel B. “Improving translation of variables in interactive games”: Janaina “Freelancing vs. translation agency management,” 120: 62 Wittner, 122: 26–29 “Translation agency pricing,” 117: 24–25 “Levels of game culturalization”: Kate Edwards, 122: 18–19 Hartmann, Nicholas, 118: 10 “Social games localization”: Aaron Schliem, 122: 24–25 Heaton, Jason. See La Brasca, Sandra, and Jason Heaton “Tips for successful games audio production”: Simone Crosignani, Hegde, Vijayalaxmi, 119: 8 122: 40–43 Helzer, Amir: “Localizing for software, websites and global apps,” “Translating gamer slang in World of Warcraft”: Frank Dietz, 119: 34–37 122: 30–32 Hiep, Pham Hoa: “Translation for the audience: The case of Garcia, Ignacio, and Vivian Stevenson: “MT and translating ideas,” Vietnamese,” 124: 40–42 117: 28–31 “Highly collaborative globalization at Sybase”: Lori Thicke, 124: 20–22 Garcia, Lorena, 117: 10 Hindle, Bill: “Ensuring appropriate language proficiency,” 124: Garr, Brian: “The changing addressable market and machine 46–48 translation,” 117: 32–34 hiSoft Technology International Ltd., recent industry hires: Jonas The Geo Group Corporation, 20 year anniversary, 119: 12 Ryberg, 119: 8 GeoFluent, 120: 11 Hollowood, Fred, interview with, 117: 15–17 GeoWorkz.com, 119: 10 “HootSuite’s crowdsourced translation project”: Rebecca Ray, 123: 32–35 Gerber, Laurie, 121: 9 “How to create glossaries in UTX”: Yuji Yamamoto, 120: 47–52 “AMTA covers research, commerce and more,” 117: 9 Hunter, John, 118: 7 Giammarresi, Salvatore, interview with, 123: 18–19 “Hurry up and wait!”: John Freivalds, 118: 20–21
36 | MultiLingual 2012 Resource Directory & Index 2011 [email protected]
33-45 Index.indd 36 1/12/12 9:19 AM Index: Issues 117-124 I Lommel,” 120: 8 IBM Corporation, GeoFluent, 120: 11 Inside API, 117: 10 ICanLocalize, selected by Gowalla, 118: 9 “Insights into the future of XLIFF”: Christian Lieske, 121: 51–52 iDISC Information Technologies, S.L., awarded ISO 9001 quality International Communication by Design, Inc., granted GSA contract, certification, 123: 11 123: 11 IFRS Foundation, CLS signs terminology agreement with, 123: 11 International Language Center, recent industry hires: Ilana Brener, Illuminus Media Pvt. Ltd., localization services, 119: 10 Jesslyn Vezeau-Shipp, 120: 9 “Improving a development team through culture analysis”: Aaron “International taxi tips”: John Freivalds, 119: 26–27 Marcus and Emilie Gould, 122: 48–52 International Writers’ Group, LLC, The Translator’s Tool Box: A “Improving MT results: a study”: Lori Thicke, 117: 37–40 Computer Primer for Translators, v9, 118: 7 “Improving translation of variables in interactive games”: Janaina internationalization, “Medical software localization done right”: Wittner, 122: 26–29 Sandra La Brasca and Jason Heaton, 121: 37–40 IMTT, recent industry hires: Mariana Ellena, Nadia Nasanovsky, Internationalization Checker, 122: 12 Victoria Capeta, 124: 9 interpretation India “Ensuring appropriate language proficiency”: Bill Hindle, 124: 46–48 “Careful culturalization in India”: Kate Edwards, 124: 24–25 “Managing interpreting for domestic violence cases”: Terena Bell, “India: Many languages, one emerging market”: Elanna Mariniello, 120: 25–27 Matthias Steiert and Afaf Steiert, 124: 34–36 “Medical interpreting in the United States”: Dena Bugel-Shunra, “India offers new business opportunities”: Sandeep Nulkar, 124: 121: 30 31–33 “Providing interpretation for successful medical care”: Elizabeth “Teaching Hindi and Marathi”: Yogini Dahiwadkar, 124: 37–39 Colón, 121: 29, 31–33 “Translation needs in India, present and future”: Bob Myers, 124: “Spanish interpreting nuances”: Elizabeth Colón, 120: 22–24 26–30 interpreters “India: Many languages, one emerging market”: Elanna Mariniello, “Seven strategies for court linguists”: Dena Bugel-Shunra, 119: 32–33 Matthias Steiert and Afaf Steiert, 124: 34–36 “Stuck in the middle”: Karla Bauerova, 124: 58 “India offers new business opportunities”: Sandeep Nulkar, 124: 31–33 Interpreting Services International, Inc. Indian Language Technology Proliferation and Deployment Centre, new clients, 123: 11 117: 11 recent industry hires: Emilie Villeneuve, Michael Bearden, 118: 7 Indifex, Transifex updates, 123: 10 Interverbum Technology, TermWeb and ontram joint solution, 124: 10 industry interviews gaming “Adaptability at Adobe”: Lori Thicke, 121: 17–19 “Adapting humor in video game localization”: Alberto Fernández “Centralizing localization resources at Yahoo!”: Lori Thicke, 123: Costales, 122: 33–35 18–19 “Games accessibility for all”: Jennifer Vela Valido, 122: 44–47 “Do-it-yourself machine translation at Autodesk”: Lori Thicke, 122: “Games localization QA”: Curri Barceló, 122: 36–37, 39 15–17 “Improving translation of variables in interactive games”: “Highly collaborative globalization at Sybase”: Lori Thicke, 124: Janaina Wittner, 122: 26–29 20–22 “Tips for successful games audio production”: Simone “Lean localization at Bentley Systems”: Lori Thicke, 118: 15–17 Crosignani, 122: 40–43 “MT at Symantec”: Lori Thicke, 117: 15–17 legal/government “Turbocharged MT testing at Cisco”: Lori Thicke, 119: 21–23 “Resources for working with the US government”: Jennifer “Introduction to localizing for China and Japan”: Frank Lin and DeCamp, 119: 30–31 Angelika Zerfaß, 118: 22–27 “Seven strategies for court linguists”: Dena Bugel-Shunra, 119: 32–33 “Is social media used in our industry?”: Arancha Caballero, 123: 42 medical “Is XLIFF positioned correctly?”: Jaime Mateos, 118: 48–52 “Culture and language issues in global clinical trials”: Inna ISLinguists, 124: 10 Kassatkina, Stacy Liechti and Mark Opler, 121: 42–45 iTrac Translation Management System version 2.8.4, 118: 8 “Finding the ideal process for pharmaceutical translations”: iTranslators, 118: 8 Libor Safar, 121: 46–50 “It’s just Spanish”: Susan Remkus, 120: 20–21 “Medical software localization done right”: Sandra La Brasca Iwóka Translation Studio, rebrands, 123: 8 and Jason Heaton, 121: 37–40 “Medical translation basics”: Afaf Steiert and Matthias Steiert, J 121: 27–28 JABA-Translations, chooses Plunet BusinessManager, 122: 11 “Providing interpretation for successful medical care”: Elizabeth Jansen, Elisabeth May, 120: 9 Colón, 121: 29, 31–33 Janus Worldwide Inc. “Understanding etymology to improve medical translation”: celebrates 15 years, 119: 12 Luciana Ramos, 121: 34–36 interpreting center, 122: 12 social media ISO 9001:2008, 118: 10 “Arab Spring from cyberspace to reality”: Mohamed Attia, 123: opened additional offices, 119: 7 36–39 opens US office, 117: 10 “HootSuite’s crowdsourced translation project”: Rebecca Ray, recent industry hires: Joseph Starnes, 122: 10 123: 32–35 Janya, Semantex 5.0, 123: 10 “Localizing with community translation”: Rebecca Petras, 123: Japan 40–41 “Introduction to localizing for China and Japan”: Frank Lin and “Promoting luxury goods in China through social media”: Angelika Zerfaß, 118: 22–27 S. Mitchell Donaldson, 123: 29–31 Japanese writing system, 118: 41–42 “Translation in the social cyberworld”: Madalena Sánchez “Suggestions for successful Japanese in-country review”: Terena Zampaulo, 123: 24, 26–28 Bell and Maureen McCarthy, 118: 31–34 “Industry standards post-LISA: Q&A with Jost Zetzsche and Arle Jibbigo for Android devices, 118: 9 www.multilingual.com 2012 Resource Directory & Index 2011 MultiLingual | 37
33-45 Index.indd 37 1/12/12 9:19 AM Index: Issues 117-124 Jonckers Translation & Engineering, and Content Master localize English e-learning, education, 118: 10 Virtual Words, Jonathon Keats: reviewed by Deborah Schaffer, 118: 13–14 K Hindi Karr, Leslie Hogue, 124: 9 “Teaching Hindi and Marathi”: Yogini Dahiwadkar, 124: 37–39 Karsch, Barbara Inge Japanese tekom Studie, review, 121: 14–16 “Introduction to localizing for China and Japan”: Frank Lin and “Terminology survey results,” 119: 45–50 Angelika Zerfaß, 118: 22–23 Kassatkina, Inna, Stacy Liechti, and Mark Opler: “Culture and Marathi language issues in global clinical trials,” 121: 42–45 “Teaching Hindi and Marathi”: Yogini Dahiwadkar, 124: 37–39 Keats, Jonathon: Virtual Words, reviewed by Deborah Schaffer, 118: Spanish 13–14 “It’s just Spanish”: Susan Remkus, 120: 20–21 Keller, Nicole: “Creating translation-oriented source documents,” 123: Latino Link, Joe Kutchera: reviewed by Madalena Sánchez 43–45 Zampaulo, 120: 13–15 Kelly, Nataly “New spelling and the role of Spanish translators”: Luciana “The Global economic downturn and multimedia localization,” Ramos, 120: 28–30 122: 62 “Spanish interpreting nuances”: Elizabeth Colón, 120: 22–24 “The world’s many ‘Spanishes,’” 120: 23 “Voice of the translator in Spanish translation”: Daniel Vallès, Kenaz Translation Company, targets North America, 123: 9 120: 35–36 Keyman Desktop 8.0, 123: 10 “The world’s many ‘Spanishes’”: Nataly Kelly, 120: 23 Khresmoi, project, 119: 12 Vietnamese Kilgray Translation Technologies “Translation for the audience: The case of Vietnamese”: Pham Lido-Lang chooses memoQ 5, 124: 11 Hoa Hiep, 124: 40–42 memoQ LanguageWire 4.5, 117: 10 AGITO Translate, 121: 10 5, 123: 10 recent industry hires MyMemory plugin for memoQ 5, 124: 10 Jacob Nielsen, 121: 9 TM Repository, 121: 10 Manuel Lindberg, Alam Ali, Elisabeth May Jansen, 120: 9 U.S. Translation Company selects, 121: 11 Latino Link, Joe Kutchera: reviewed by Madalena Sánchez Zampaulo, KJ International Resources, wins GSA contract, 118: 9 120: 13–15 Knight, Matthew, 118: 7 Law, Louise: “Social media tools,” 123: 25 Kohl, John: “Potential for using controlled authoring software to Leake, Katie: “SEO explained,” 117: 47 facilitate editing,” 117: 40 “Lean localization at Bentley Systems”: Lori Thicke, 118: 15–17 Kokusaika JP, Inc. legal/government celebrates five years, 121: 11 “Resources for working with the US government”: Jennifer MundoRec, 119: 9 DeCamp, 119: 30–31 Kopylev, Andrei. See Bikmatov, Renat, Serge Gladkoff, Marina “Seven strategies for court linguists”: Dena Bugel-Shunra, 119: 32–33 Kostionova and Andrei Kopylev “Levels of game culturalization”: Kate Edwards, 122: 18–19 Kostionova, Marina. See Bikmatov, Renat, Serge Gladkoff, Marina “Leveraging social media in Asia”: Rebecca Ray, 118: 28–30 Kostionova and Andrei Kopylev Lido-Lang Technical Translations Kutchera, Joe: Latino Link: reviewed by Madalena Sánchez celebrates 20-year mark, 124: 11 Zampaulo, 120: 13–15 chooses memoQ 5, 124: 11 PDF-to-Word Conversion, 119: 11 L relocates Kraków office, 122: 10 La Brasca, Sandra, and Jason Heaton: “Medical software localization voice-over service, 121: 10 done right,” 121: 37–40 Liechti, Stacy. See Kassatkina, Inna, Stacy Liechti, and Mark Opler “Language, translation and user experience”: Ultan Ó Broin, Lieske, Christian: “Insights into the future of XLIFF,” 121: 51–52 118: 62 limited English proficiency (LEP) Language Buddy, 118: 8 “Ensuring appropriate language proficiency”: Bill Hindle, 124: Language Connect 46–48 recent industry hires: Rudy Chang, 119: 8 “Medical interpreting in the United States”: Dena Bugel-Shunra, relocated office, 119: 7 121: 30 Language Services Associates, Inc. “Providing interpretation for successful medical care”: Elizabeth celebrates 20-year mark, 118: 10 Colón, 121: 29, 31–33 recent industry hires Lin, Frank, and Angelika Zerfass: “Introduction to localizing for Jonathan Potter, 119: 8 China and Japan,” 118: 22–27 Mauricio Vicente, 122: 10 Lindberg, Manuel, 120: 9 Video Remote Interpreting platform, 118: 9 Lingoport, Inc. Language Solutions Inc., ISO 9001:2008 Quality Management Globalyzer certification, 124: 11 3.4, 118: 8 languages, hybrid 3.5, 120: 10 Portuñol 3.6, 122: 12 “Portuñol: Blending Spanish and Portuguese”: Marco S. Lingotek de Pinto, 120: 32–34 Inside API, 117: 10 languages, natural translated for FamilySearch, 123: 10 Chinese Lingua Tech (S) Pte Ltd, ISO 9001:2008 certification, 118: 10 “Introduction to localizing for China and Japan”: Frank Lin and LinguaLinx Language Solutions, Inc., Plunet technology selected by, Angelika Zerfaß, 118: 22–23 124: 10
38 | MultiLingual 2012 Resource Directory & Index 2011 [email protected]
33-45 Index.indd 38 1/12/12 9:19 AM Index: Issues 117-124 LingualSolution LLC, officially open, 118: 7 joins MORMED Project, 117: 12 LinguaNext, Inc., partners with Sage Software, 117: 12 LTC Worx LinguaSys, Inc. 2.2, 118: 8 recent industry hires: Meta Brown, 123: 8 2.3, 124: 10 TGPhoto application, 118: 8 Worx Academy, 117: 11 TGSocial, TGNotes and TGChat, 119: 11 Lux, Bjoern, 121: 9 Lingvo Dictionaries 2.0, 121: 10 Lingvo x5, 123: 9 M Lionbridge Freeway Connector, 121: 10 machine translation (MT) Lionbridge Technologies, Inc. “Assessment of text accuracy”: Angela Starkmann, 117: 42 GeoFluent, 120: 11 “The changing addressable market and machine translation”: Brian GeoWorkz.com, PPC campaign localization service, 119: 10 Garr, 117: 32–34 Live Translation, acquired by Web-Translations, 120: 9 “Do-it-yourself machine translation at Autodesk”: Lori Thicke, 122: Lloyd International Translations, merges with Welocalize, 117: 10 15–17 Localisation Sales & Marketing, 120: 9 “An experiment with literary machine translation”: Gentry L. localization Watson, 117: 41–44 “Adapting humor in video game localization”: Alberto Fernández “Improving MT results: a study”: Lori Thicke, 117: 37–40 Costales, 122: 33–35 “MT and translating ideas”: Ignacio Garcia and Vivian Stevenson, “Centralizing localization resources at Yahoo!”: Lori Thicke, 123: 117: 28–31 18–19 “MT at Symantec”: Lori Thicke, 117: 15–17 The Game Localization Handbook: Second Edition, Heather “MT data security”: Jörg Porsiel, 117: 35–36 Chandler and Stephanie O’Malley Deming: reviewed by MT post-editing guidelines, 118: 7 Gianna Tarquini, 122: 13–14 “That does not compute: fear of losing the human element”: Susan “Games in China: virtual assets and localization”: Xiaochun Zhang, Remkus, 117: 26–27 118: 35–39 “Turbocharged MT testing at Cisco”: Lori Thicke, 119: 21–23 “Games localization QA”: Curri Barceló, 122: 36–37, 39 “Why MT gets more talk than action”: Wayne Bourland, 121: 62 “The Global economic downturn and multimedia localization”: Machine Translation Detector, 118: 8 Nataly Kelly, 122: 62 MadCap Software, Inc., MadCap Lingo 5, 123: 9 “Introduction to localizing for China and Japan”: Frank Lin and Magnani, Magali, 120: 9 Angelika Zerfaß, 118: 22–27 Magnier, Emilie, 118: 7 “Lean localization at Bentley Systems”: Lori Thicke, 118: 15–17 Magnolia International Ltd., Magnolia 4.4, 117: 11 “Localization education programs for fall,” 122: 7 Main Post USA, Ocean Translations expands services offered with, 121: 11 “Localization Maturity Model (2011)”: Common Sense Advisory, “The making of a professional translator”: Emmanuel Margetic, 119: 119: 35 38–39 “Localization of machine software”: François Massion, 119: “Making the internet accessible to the world”: John Yunker, 119: 62 40–44 “Managing interpreting for domestic violence cases”: Terena Bell, “Localization Portland, Oregon-style”: Jeff Williams, 124: 43–45 120: 25–27 “Localizing for software, websites and global apps”: Amir Helzer, “Managing variable text in translation”: Peter Argondizzo, 123: 46–48 119: 34–37 Marciniszyn, Marcin, 119: 8 “Localizing with community translation”: Rebecca Petras, 123: Marcus, Aaron 40–41 and Emilie Gould: “Improving a development team through culture “Medical software localization done right”: Sandra La Brasca and analysis,” 122: 48–52 Jason Heaton, 121: 37–40 Emilie Gould and Laurie Wigham: “Conducting a culture audit for “Social games localization”: Aaron Schliem, 122: 24–25 Saudi Arabia,” 120: 42–46 “Unsung heroes of localization”: Jeff Williams, 117: 62 Mardle, Earl: “The Reed’s law revolution,” 119: 28–29 Localization Budget Calculator, 118: 8 Margetic, Emmanuel: “The making of a professional translator,” 119: “Localization education programs for fall,” 122: 7 38–39 Localization Industry Standards Association (LISA), closes, 119: 7 Mariniello, Elanna, Matthias Steiert and Afaf Steiert: “India: Many “Localization Maturity Model (2011)”: Common Sense Advisory, languages, one emerging market,” 124: 34–36 119: 35 Massion, François: “Localization of machine software,” 119: 40–44 “Localization of machine software”: François Massion, 119: 40–44 Mateos, Jaime: “Is XLIFF positioned correctly?”, 118: 48–52 “Localization Portland, Oregon-style”: Jeff Williams, 124: 43–45 Maza, Xavier, 117: 12 Localization World, “Record-setting Localization World focuses on McCarthy, Maureen. See Bell, Terena, and Maureen McCarthy future,” 121: 7 McDowell, Steven, interview with, 124: 20–22 Localization World Conference Silicon Valley 2011 focuses on McMahon, Nic, 119: 8 innovation, 124: 7 Media Lingo, selects XTRF, 122: 11 Localized E-mail Support, 118: 8 medical “Localizing for software, websites and global apps”: Amir Helzer, 119: “Culture and language issues in global clinical trials”: Inna 34–37 Kassatkina, Stacy Liechti and Mark Opler, 121: 42–45 “Localizing with community translation”: Rebecca Petras, 123: “Finding the ideal process for pharmaceutical translations”: Libor 40–41 Safar, 121: 46–50 Localizr.com UG, Localizr.com, 118: 8 “Medical interpreting in the United States”: Dena Bugel-Shunra, Loc.PRO Ltd., opens for business, 118: 7 121: 30 Lommel, Arle, 120: 8 “Medical software localization done right”: Sandra La Brasca and Lönnroth, Karl-Johan, 122: 10 Jason Heaton, 121: 37–40 LSP.net GmbH, Online Translation Manager 4.0, 118: 9 “Medical translation basics”: Afaf Steiert and Matthias Steiert, 121: 27–28 LTC “Providing interpretation for successful medical care”: Elizabeth awarded GSA contract, 122: 11 Colón, 121: 29, 31–33
www.multilingual.com 2012 Resource Directory & Index 2011 MultiLingual | 39
33-45 Index.indd 39 1/12/12 9:19 AM Index: Issues 117-124 “Understanding etymology to improve medical translation”: 16–20 Luciana Ramos, 121: 34–36 MundoRec, 119: 9 “Medical interpreting in the United States”: Dena Bugel-Shunra, Myers, Bob, 122: 10 121: 30 “Evolution of Asian writing systems,” 118: 40–44 “Medical software localization done right”: Sandra La Brasca and “Translation needs in India, present and future,” 124: 26–30 Jason Heaton, 121: 37–40 myGengo, Inc., secures Series A funding, 124: 9 “Medical translation basics”: Afaf Steiert and Matthias Steiert, 121: 27–28 N Meducation, 119: 10 Nah, Kay, 120: 9 memoQ Nakazawa, Noriko, 120: 9 4.5, 117: 10 Nasanovsky, Nadia, 124: 9 5, 123: 10 Net-Translators Ltd. Memovic, Senda, 122: 10 expands into South America, 117: 10 Mendez, Gustavo, 120: 9 ISO 13485:2003 certification, 117: 12 Mendoza, Soledad, 119: 8 opens Boston office, 122: 10 mergers and acquisitions Netwire, recent industry hires: Aline Fires, Ana Amélia Soares, AppTek acquired by SAIC, 117: 10 Gabriel Gomes, 124: 9 Comsense merges with Translator Scandinavia, 120: 9 “Never burn a bridge”: John Freivalds, 122: 20–21 partner companies ATRIL, PowerLing merge, 120: 11 “New concepts in voice testing for dubbing”: Jacques Barreau, 118: RightNow buys Q-go.com, 118: 7 45–47 Rubric merges with Web-lingo, 119: 7 “New spelling and the role of Spanish translators”: Luciana Ramos, Sajan acquires New-Global Group, 124: 9 120: 28–30 TransPerfect acquires Milim, 122: 10 Nielsen, Jacob, 121: 9 Traslan acquired by Applied Language Solutions, 118: 7 nlg, GmbH, OmniLingua Germany now nlg GmbH, 123: 8 Web-Translations acquired Live Translation, 120: 9 Nuance Communications, Inc. Welocalize, Avantix Global merge, 119: 7 Flex T9 for Androids, 119: 9 Welocalize merges with Lloyd International Translations, 117: 10 teams up with Ford, 122: 11 Merrill Brink International, version 2.8.4 of its iTrac Translation Nulkar, Sandeep: “India offers new business opportunities,” 124: 31–33 Management System, 118: 8 NZTC International, awarded EN 15038:2006 certification, 122: 12 Metaphrasis Language & Cultural Solutions, LLC partners with Resurrection Health Care, 121: 11 O recent industry hires Ó Broin, Ultan Senda Memovic, Elizabeth Brobeck, 122: 10 “Language, translation and user experience,” 118: 62 Silvia Schrage, Altaib Al-Yassin, 124: 9 The Savvy Client’s Guide to Translation Agencies, review, 119: 14–15 MIIA Holding Ltd., Tautona NLP Platform, 123: 9 Ocean Translations S.R.L. Milengo Ltd. expands services offered with Main Post USA, 121: 11 adds website services, 119: 10 recent industry hires: Magali Magnani, Valeria Grosso, Gustavo collaborative translation, 120: 11 Mendez, Pablo Serenelli, 120: 9 Localization Budget Calculator, 118: 8 O’Conner, John, 124: 9 recent industry hires Octopus Translations, Translations House International, 123: 8 Bjoern Lux, 121: 9 Off the Map Katalin Orban and Valarie Badame, 123: 8 “Animal symbolism”: Kate Edwards, 121: 20–21 MO Group International, chosen by Astrum Nival, 118: 10 “Balancing powers”: Kate Edwards, 118: 18–19 Mobile Technologies, LLC, Jibbigo for Android devices, 118: 9 “Careful culturalization in India”: Kate Edwards, 124: 24–25 Moses, “Case study: Implementing Moses”: Renat Bikmatov, Serge “Crowdsourcing culture”: Kate Edwards, 123: 20–21 Gladkoff, Marina Kostionova and Andrei Kopylev, 120: 37–41 “Cultural laws”: Kate Edwards, 119: 24–25 “MT and translating ideas”: Ignacio Garcia and Vivian Stevenson, “Culture is content”: Kate Edwards, 120: 16–17 117: 28–31 “Levels of game culturalization”: Kate Edwards, 122: 18–19 “MT at Symantec”: Lori Thicke, 117: 15–17 “Pinnacle Islands: mapping sensitivity”: Kate Edwards, 117: 18–19 “MT data security”: Jörg Porsiel, 117: 35–36 Okapi Framework Project, Okapi Framework translation resource mt-g medical translation GmbH & Co. KG, selects Across technology, connectors, 123: 8 117: 12 Olson, Dave, interview with, 123: 32–35 MultiCorpora Omnia Group, recent industry hires: Rocco Filomeno, 122: 10 MultiTrans Prism, 120: 10 OmniLingua Germany GmbH, now nlg GmbH, 123: 8 now in Montreal, 118: 7 On-Demand Translation, 117: 10 receives GSA contract, 122: 11 One Hour Transcription, 121: 10 recent industry hires: Sylvain Bergeron, 124: 9 One Hour Translation “Multilingual Europe: A challenge for language tech”: George Rehm and 3Dsellers partner, 124: 11 and Hans Uszkoreit, 119: 51–52 Machine Translation Detector, 118: 8 Multilingual Europe Technology Alliance (META), 119: 51 One Hour Transcription, 121: 10 “Multilingual Marketing Content: Growing International Business 1-Stop Translation USA LLC with Global Content Value Chains,” 120: 10 awarded GSA contract, 120: 11 Multilizer recent industry hires: Kay Nah, 120: 9 Multilizer 2011, 118: 9 Online Translation Manager 4.0, 118: 9 Multilizer .NET Translator, 122: 11 OnTheGoSystems, Inc. MultiTrans Prism, 120: 10 ICanLocalize selected by Gowalla, 118: 9 “MultiTrans Prism”: reviewed by Angelika Zerfaß, 123: 14–17 translation management module for Drupal, WordPress “MultiTrans Version 4.4, R2 SP1”: reviewed by Angelika Zerfaß, 119: Multilingual, 117: 11
40 | MultiLingual 2012 Resource Directory & Index 2011 [email protected]
33-45 Index.indd 40 1/12/12 9:19 AM Index: Issues 117-124 WordPress Multilingual plugin with XLIFF interface, 122: 12 120: 10 ontram, 124: 10 recent industry hires: Leslie Hogue Karr, 124: 9 OpenBorder, OpenBorder.com, 122: 11 OpenMaTrEx v0.97, 118: 9 Q OpinionLab Inc., custom-built, language-identification engine, 118: 9 Q-go.com, RightNow buys, 118: 7 Opler, Mark. See Kassatkina, Inna, Stacy Liechti, and Mark Opler QuantiaMD, study finds cultural and language barriers hinder patient Orban, Katalin, 123: 8 care, 122: 12 Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Quicksilver Translations, redesigns website, 120: 9 Standards (OASIS), 121: 51 Ostrowska, Agnieszka, 119: 8 R “Outlets for frustration”: John Freivalds, 123: 22–23 Race, Melanie, 121: 9 Outsell’s Gilbane Service, new report on managing multilingual Racette, Dorothee, 118: 10 content, 120: 10 Ramos, Luciana “New spelling and the role of Spanish translators,” 120: 28–30 P “Understanding etymology to improve medical translation,” 121: PangeaMT, PangeaMT-BIO, 121: 9 34–38 Papaioannou, John, interview with, 118: 15–17 Rastelli, Florencia, 119: 8 Perez-Santalla, Virginia, 118: 10 Ray, Rebecca Perspectives “HootSuite’s crowdsourced translation project,” 123: 32–35 “The games we play”: Terena Bell, 122: 22–23 “Leveraging social media in Asia,” 118: 28–30 “It’s just Spanish”: Susan Remkus, 120: 20–21 “Reach for the STTARS”: Silvio Picinini, 123: 62 “The Reed’s law revolution”: Earl Mardle, 119: 28–29 Really Strategies, Inc. “Social games localization”: Aaron Schliem, 122: 24–25 British Standards Institution selects, 122: 11 “That does not compute: fear of losing the human element”: Susan RSuite Cloud, 118: 9 Remkus, 117: 26–27 “Record-setting Localization World focuses on future,” 121: 7 “Translation agency pricing”: Daniel B. Harcz, 117: 24–25 Reed, David, 119: 29 Petras, Rebecca: “Localizing with community translation,” 123: 40–41 “The Reed’s law revolution”: Earl Mardle, 119: 28–29 PhatWare Corp., WritePad 2.0 for Android, 119: 11 Rehm, George, and Hans Uszkoreit: “Multilingual Europe: A challenge Picinini, Silvio: “Reach for the STTARS,” 123: 62 for language tech,” 119: 51–52 “Pinnacle Islands: mapping sensitivity”: Kate Edwards, 117: 18–19 Remkus, Susan Plitt, Mirko, interview with, 122: 15–17 “It’s just Spanish,” 120: 20–21 Plunet BusinessManager “That does not compute: fear of losing the human element,” 117: 5.1, 118: 8 26–27 5.2, 121: 10 reports and white papers Plunet GmbH “Content Strategy for the Global Enterprise,” 121: 9 Advanced Language Translation updates technology with Plunet, “From Globalization to Realization: A Product Launch Roadmap,” 118: 10 120: 10 chosen by EGO Translating, expands consultation services, “Gaining Global Web Presence,” 118: 7 119: 12 “How to Benchmark Your Localization Budget,” 117: 11 JABA-Translations chooses Plunet BusinessManager, 122: 11 “How to Drive Translation Sales,” 120: 10 recent industry hires: Enrico Reyes, Esther Gonzalez Vidal, Max “How to Excel as a Globalization Champion,” 123: 8 Dubiel, 119: 8 “Language Service Provider Growth Factors,” 118: 7 technology selected by LinguaLinx, 124: 10 “The Language Services Market: 2011,” 121: 9 version 5.1 of BusinessManager, 118: 8 “Multilingual Marketing Content: Growing International Business version 5.2 of BusinessManager, 121: 10 with Global Content Value Chains,” 120: 10 Pole To Win America, Inc. “The Top-Scoring Global Websites,” 120: 10 adds mobile testing and localization services, 119: 10 “Translation Vendor Management,” 121: 9 Pole to Win Europe, 123: 8 “Trends in Crowdsourced Translation: What Every LSP Needs to Polyglot Systems Inc., Meducation, 119: 10 Know,” 119: 9 Porsiel, Jörg: “MT data security,” 117: 35–36 “Trends in Telephone Interpreting,” 123: 8 “Portuñol: Blending Spanish and Portuguese”: Marco S. de Pinto, resources and references 120: 32–34 Basic terminology, 117: 53–54, 118: 53–54, 119: 53–54, 120: “Potential for using controlled authoring software to facilitate 53–54, 121: 53–54, 122: 53–54, 123: 53–54, 124: 49-50 editing”: John Kohl, 117: 40 “Resources for working with the US government”: Jennifer DeCamp, Potter, Jonathan, 119: 8 119: 30–31 Prestige Network Ltd. Reuther, Ursula, 123: 8 awarded DWP contract, 124: 11 ReviewIT, 117: 11 awarded framework agreement, 119: 12 reviews Priebe, Shelly, 117: 12 The Game Localization Handbook: Second Edition, Heather “Project management for languages of limited diffusion”: Terena Bell, Chandler and Stephanie O’Malley Deming: reviewed by 123: 49–52 Gianna Tarquini, 122: 13–14 Projetex 8.5, 120: 11 Latino Link, Joe Kutchera: reviewed by Madalena Sánchez “Promoting luxury goods in China through social media”: S. Mitchell Zampaulo, 120: 13–15 Donaldson, 123: 29–31 “MultiTrans Prism”: reviewed by Angelika Zerfaß, 123: 14–17 “Providing interpretation for successful medical care”: Elizabeth “MultiTrans Version 4.4, R2 SP1”: reviewed by Angelika Zerfaß, Colón, 121: 29, 31–33 119: 16–20 PTI Global The Savvy Client’s Guide to Translation Agencies, John Yunker: “From Globalization to Realization: A Product Launch Roadmap,” reviewed by Ultan Ó Broin, 119: 14–15
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33-45 Index.indd 41 1/12/12 9:19 AM Index: Issues 117-124 “SDL Trados Studio 2011”: reviewed by Thomas Waßmer, 124: Sirotkina, Dina, 119: 8 14–19 Sitecore Connector 3.0, 118: 8 tekom Studie, Klaus-Dirk Schmitz and Daniela Straub: reviewed by Skrivanek Group, ISO 9001:2008 certification, 117: 12 Barbara Inge Karsch, 121: 14–16 Smartling Virtual Words, Jonathon Keats: reviewed by Deborah Schaffer, 118: 13–14 CloudFlare uses Smartling platform, 121: 11 Reyes, Enrico, 119: 8 new tools, 124: 10 Reyes, Ray, 118: 7 SmartMATE, 124: 10 RightNow Technologies, Inc. Soares, Ana Amélia, 124: 9 and SDL merge technology, 124: 11 “Social games localization”: Aaron Schliem, 122: 24–25 buys Q-go.com, 118: 7 social media Roach, Alison, 122: 10 “Arab Spring from cyberspace to reality”: Mohamed Attia, 123: Rosetta Translation Limited, ISO 9001 accreditation, 118: 10 36–39 Rosette 7.3, 119: 10 “HootSuite’s crowdsourced translation project”: Rebecca Ray, 123: RSuite Cloud, 118: 9 32–35 Rubric, Inc., merges with Web-lingo, 119: 7 “Is social media used in our industry?”: Arancha Caballero, 123: 42 Ryberg, Jonas, 119: 8 “Leveraging social media in Asia”: Rebecca Ray, 118: 28–30 “Localizing with community translation”: Rebecca Petras, 123: 40–41 S “Promoting luxury goods in China through social media”: Safar, Libor: “Finding the ideal process for pharmaceutical S. Mitchell Donaldson, 123: 29–31 translations,” 121: 46–50 “The Reed’s law revolution”: Earl Mardle, 119: 28–29 Sage Software, partners with LinguaNext, Inc., 117: 12 “Social media tools”: Louise Law, 123: 25 Sajan, Inc. “Translation in the social cyberworld”: Madalena Sánchez acquires New-Global Group, 124: 9 Zampaulo, 123: 24, 26–28 granted technology patent, 123: 8 “Social media tools”: Louise Law, 123: 25 Sakhr Software Company, Language Buddy adds languages, 118: 8 SOPHIA, Language Service Ltd., recent industry hires: Jiri Zibura, 123: 8 Sánchez, Pablo Muñoz: “Five reasons to budget more time for source documents, “Creating translation-oriented source documents”: testing,” 122: 38 Nicole Keller, 123: 43–45 The Savvy Client’s Guide to Translation Agencies, 117: 11 “Spanish interpreting nuances”: Elizabeth Colón, 120: 22–24 The Savvy Client’s Guide to Translation Agencies, John Yunker: STAR Technology Solutions, ISO 9001:2008 certification, 119: 12 reviewed by Ultan Ó Broin, 119: 14–15 Starkmann, Angela: “Assessment of text accuracy,” 117: 42 Schaffer, Deborah: Virtual Words, review, 118: 13–14 Starnes, Joseph, 122: 10 Schaudin.com, WPF GUI Editor for RC-WinTrans, 119: 9 Steiert, Afaf Schliem, Aaron: “Social games localization,” 122: 24–25 and Matthias Steiert: “Medical translation basics,” 121: 27–28 Schmitz, Klaus-Dirk, and Daniela Straub: tekom Studie, reviewed by Also see Mariniello, Elanna, Matthias Steiert and Afaf Steiert Barbara Inge Karsch, 121: 14–16 Steiert, Matthias Schrage, Silvia, 124: 9 See Mariniello, Elanna, Matthias Steiert and Afaf Steiert Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) See Steiert, Afaf, and Matthias Steiert acquires AppTek, 117: 10 Stettner, Martin: “tcworld India debut,” 124: 8 hybrid machine translation solution, 123: 9 Stevenson, Vivian. See Garcia, Ignacio, and Vivian Stevenson SDL Straub, Daniela. See Schmitz, Klaus-Dirk, and Daniela Straub and RightNow merge technology, 124: 11 STREAM, 123: 10 Clark Kent Ervin partners with, 119: 11 “Stuck in the middle”: Karla Bauerova, 124: 58 Elevation Center, 121: 9 “Suggestions for successful Japanese in-country review”: Terena Bell recent industry hires: John Hunter, Matthew Knight, 118: 7 and Maureen McCarthy, 118: 31–34 SDL BeGlobal, 117: 11 SVOX AG, Google integrates SVOX technology, 118: 10 SDL EasyTranslator, 123: 10 Sybase, “Highly collaborative globalization at Sybase”: Lori Thicke, SDL Passolo 2011, 118: 8 124: 20–22 SDL TMS 2011, WorldServer 2011, 119: 10 Symantec, “MT at Symantec”: Lori Thicke, 117: 15–17 SDL Trados Studio 2011, 124: 10 Synble Oy, Get Localization, 119: 9 Tridion 2011, LiveContent 2011, 121: 10 Syntes Language Group, Inc. SDL LiveContent 2011, 121: 10 recent industry hires SDL TMS Connector, 121: 10 Laurie Gerber, 121: 9 “SDL Trados Studio 2011”: reviewed by Thomas Waßmer, 124: 14–19 Noriko Nakazawa, 120: 9 SDL Translation Management System 2011, 119: 10 SYSTRAN Software, Inc., Desktop 7 updates, 118: 8 SDL Tridion 2011, 121: 10 Szaszko, Dorota, 119: 8 SDL WorldServer 2011, 119: 10 search engine optimization (SEO) T “Search engine optimization and international branding”: Takeaway Alessandro Agostini, 117: 45–46, 48–49 “Freelancing vs. translation agency management”: Daniel B. Harcz, “SEO explained”: Katie Leake, 117: 47 120: 62 “Search engine optimization and international branding”: Alessandro “The Global economic downturn and multimedia localization”: Agostini, 117: 45–46, 48–49 Nataly Kelly, 122: 62 Semantex 5.0, 123: 10 “Language, translation and user experience”: Ultan Ó Broin, 118: 62 “SEO explained”: Katie Leake, 117: 47 “Making the internet accessible to the world”: John Yunker, 119: 62 Serenelli, Pablo, 120: 9 “Reach for the STTARS”: Silvio Picinini, 123: 62 “Seven strategies for court linguists”: Dena Bugel-Shunra, 119: 32–33 “Stuck in the middle”: Karla Bauerova, 124: 58 SH3, Inc., chooses Across technology, 121: 10 “Unsung heroes of localization”: Jeff Williams, 117: 62 Siens Translation S.L., opened office, 119: 8 “Why MT gets more talk than action”: Wayne Bourland, 121: 62
42 | MultiLingual 2012 Resource Directory & Index 2011 [email protected]
33-45 Index.indd 42 1/12/12 9:19 AM Index: Issues 117-124 Tarquini, Gianna: The Game Localization Handbook: Second Edition, tools review, 122: 13–14 MultiTrans Prism, 120: 10 TAUS Data Association, TDA Corpora-for-MT open to public, 119: 10 “MultiTrans Prism”: reviewed by Angelika Zerfaß, 123: “TAUS User Conference 2011”: Rahzeb Choudhury, 124: 8 14–17 Tautona, 123: 9 “SDL Trados Studio 2011”: reviewed by Thomas Waßmer, 124: Tavultesoft Pty Ltd., Keyman Desktop 8.0, 123: 10 14–19 “tcworld in Wiesbaden”: Katherine Brown-Hoekstra, 124: 8 Tradnologies SL, hits five-year mark, 119: 12 “tcworld India debut”: Martin Stettner, 124: 8 Transifex, 123: 10 “Teaching Hindi and Marathi”: Yogini Dahiwadkar, 124: 37–39 Translated S.r.l. technology MyMemory plugin for memoQ 5, 124: 10 “Adaptability at Adobe”: Lori Thicke, 121: 17–19 T-Index, 117: 11 “Case study: Implementing Moses”: Renat Bikmatov, Serge T-Index data update, 120:10 Gladkoff, Marina Kostionova and Andrei Kopylev, 120: TranslateMedia 37–41 and Net Natives global social media collaboration, 119: 12 Definitions of UTX vocabulary, 120: 49 multilingualbuzzmonitor.com, 123: 10 “How to create glossaries in UTX”: Yuji Yamamoto, 120: 47–52 shares resources with Mountainview Learning, 121: 11 “Insights into the future of XLIFF”: Christian Lieske, 121: 51–52 STREAM, 123: 10 “Is XLIFF positioned correctly?”: Jaime Mateos, 118: 48–52 Translate.us, Localized E-mail Support, 118: 8 “Multilingual Europe: A challenge for language tech”: George “Translating gamer slang in World of Warcraft”: Frank Dietz, 122: Rehm and Hans Uszkoreit, 119: 51–52 30–32 “Search engine optimization and international branding”: “Translating slogans”: Terena Bell, 117: 50–52 Alessandro Agostini, 117: 45–46, 48–49 “Translating to save lives”: Lori Thicke, 121: 24–26 “SEO explained”: Katie Leake, 117: 47 translation Technology Development for Indian Languages, Proliferation and “Assessment of text accuracy”: Angela Starkmann, 117: 42 Deployment Centre, 117: 11 “Creating translation-oriented source documents”: Nicole Keller, tekom (November 3-5, 2010), 117: 7 123: 43–45 tekom Studie, Klaus-Dirk Schmitz and Daniela Straub: reviewed by “An experiment with literary machine translation”: Gentry L. Barbara Inge Karsch, 121: 14–16 Watson, 117: 41–44 terminology management “Finding the ideal process for pharmaceutical translations”: Libor tekom Studie, Klaus-Dirk Schmitz and Daniela Straub: reviewed by Safar, 121: 46–50 Barbara Inge Karsch, 121: 14–16 “Freelancing vs. translation agency management”: Daniel B. Harcz, “Terminology survey results”: Barbara Inge Karsch, 119: 45–50 120: 62 TermNet, 119: 45 “HootSuite’s crowdsourced translation project”: Rebecca Ray, 123: TermWeb, 124: 10 32–35 TermWiki Toolbar, 117: 11 “Improving translation of variables in interactive games”: Janaina Terninko, John: “First impressions of tekom,” 117: 7 Wittner, 122: 26–29 testing “India: Many languages, one emerging market”: Elanna Mariniello, “Ensuring appropriate language proficiency”: Bill Hindle, 124: Matthias Steiert and Afaf Steiert, 124: 34–36 46–48 “Language, translation and user experience”: Ultan Ó Broin, “Turbocharged MT testing at Cisco”: Lori Thicke, 119: 21–23 118: 62 Tethras Ltd. “Localizing with community translation”: Rebecca Petras, 123: application localization, 118: 8 40–41 opens California office, 124: 9 “Managing variable text in translation”: Peter Argondizzo, 123: TGChat, 119: 11 46–48 TGNotes, 119: 11 “Medical translation basics”: Afaf Steiert and Matthias Steiert, 121: TGPhoto, 118: 8 27–28 TGSocial, 119: 11 “MT and translating ideas”: Ignacio Garcia and Vivian Stevenson, “That does not compute: fear of losing the human element”: Susan 117: 28–31 Remkus, 117: 26–27 “Reach for the STTARS”: Silvio Picinini, 123: 62 thebigword, ISO 14001 certification, 124: 11 “Resources for working with the US government”: Jennifer Thicke, Lori DeCamp, 119: 30–31 “Adaptability at Adobe,” 121: 17–19 The Savvy Client’s Guide to Translation Agencies, John Yunker: “Centralizing localization resources at Yahoo!”, 123: 18–19 reviewed by Ultan Ó Broin, 119: 14–15 “Do-it-yourself machine translation at Autodesk,” 122: 15–17 “Seven strategies for court linguists”: Dena Bugel-Shunra, 119: “Highly collaborative globalization at Sybase,” 124: 20–22 32–33 “Improving MT results: a study,” 117: 37–40 “Translating gamer slang in World of Warcraft”: Frank Dietz, 122: “Lean localization at Bentley Systems,” 118: 15–17 30–32 “MT at Symantec,” 117: 15–17 “Translating slogans”: Terena Bell, 117: 50–52 “Translating to save lives,” 121: 24–26 “Translating to save lives”: Lori Thicke, 121: 24–26 “Turbocharged MT testing at Cisco,” 119: 21–23 “Translation for the audience: The case of Vietnamese”: Pham Hoa 3di Information Solutions Ltd., 3di Modular Design, 121: 10 Hiep, 124: 40–42 3di Modular Design (3MD), 121: 10 “Translation in the social cyberworld”: Madalena Sánchez 3Dsellers, and One Hour Translation partner, 124: 11 Zampaulo, 123: 24, 26–28 T-Index, 117: 11 “Translation needs in India, present and future”: Bob Myers, 124: T-Index data update, 120: 10 26–30 “Tips for successful games audio production”: Simone Crosignani, “Understanding etymology to improve medical translation”: 122: 40–43 Luciana Ramos, 121: 34–38 TM Repository, 121: 10 “Translation agency pricing”: Daniel B. Harcz, 117: 24–25
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33-45 Index.indd 43 1/12/12 9:19 AM Index: Issues 117-124 Translation Automation Users Society (TAUS), and CNGL MT post- “Unsung heroes of localization”: Jeff Williams, 117: 62 editing guidelines, 118: 7 U.S. Translation Company, selects Kilgray technology, 121: 11 Translation Back Office SA Uszkoreit, Hans. See Rehm, George and Hans Uszkoreit ISO 9001:2008 quality certification, 119: 12 uTest, Inc., adds security and localization testing services, 123: 10 translates for UNIDO, 120: 11 UTX Translation Cloud, 119: 9 “Definitions of UTX vocabulary,” 120: 49 Translation Express, chooses Projetex, 122: 11 “How to create glossaries in UTX”: Yuji Yamamoto, 120: 47–52 “Translation for the audience: The case of Vietnamese”: Pham Hoa Hiep, 124: 40–42 V “Translation in the social cyberworld”: Madalena Sánchez Zampaulo, Valido, Jennifer Vela: “Games accessibility for all,” 122: 44–47 123: 24, 26–28 Vallès, Daniel: “Voice of the translator in Spanish translation,” 120: 35–36 “Translation needs in India, present and future”: Bob Myers, 124: Valuepoint Knowledgeworks Pvt. Ltd., recent industry hires: Bob 26–30 Myers, 122: 10 Translation Services USA LLC Varela, Edward, 122: 10 Ackuna.com, 119: 9 variable text, “Managing variable text in translation”: Peter adds online gaming localization services, 118: 8 Argondizzo, 123: 46–48 Translation Cloud, 119: 9 Vasont Systems “Translation students share ten benefits of professional conference Vasont ST, 120: 10 attendance”: Adam Wooten, 123: 7 Vasont ST2.1, 122: 11 Translations House International, 123: 8 Vazquez, Pablo, interview with, 119: 21–23 Translations.com Verbumsoft LLC, iTranslators, 118: 8 EN 15038:2006 certification, 117: 12 Verztec Consulting Pte. Ltd. GlobalLink 4.0, 119: 9 partners with universities, 118: 10 Translator Scandinavia AB, merges with Comsense, 120: 9 Verztec Learning, 120: 11 translators Verztec Learning, 120: 11 “The making of a professional translator”: Emmanuel Margetic, Vezeau-Shipp, Jesslyn, 120: 9 119: 38–39 viaLanguage, recent industry hires: Nic McMahon, 119: 8 “New spelling and the role of Spanish translators”: Luciana Ramos, Vicente, Mauricio, 122: 10 120: 28–30 Vidal, Esther Gonzalez, 119: 8 “Resources for working with the US government”: Jennifer Villeneuve, Emilie, 118: 7 DeCamp, 119: 30–31 Virtual Words, Jonathon Keats: reviewed by Deborah Schaffer, 118: 13–14 “Seven strategies for court linguists”: Dena Bugel-Shunra, 119: Virtual Words, Threeplicate partner, 119: 11 32–33 VistaTEC, ISO 9001:2008 and EN 15038:2006, 118: 10 “Voice of the translator in Spanish translation”: Daniel Vallès, 120: Vocalink Language Services, recent industry hires: Ray Reyes, 118: 7 35–36 “Voice of the translator in Spanish translation”: Daniel Vallès, Translators converge in Denver for ATA 2010, 117: 7 120: 35–36 The Translator’s Tool Box: A Computer Primer for Translators, v9, 118: 7 Volacci, I-SEO translation services for Drupal websites, 117: 10 Translators without Borders blog, 120: 10 W receives sponsorship support, 121: 11 Waßmer, Thomas: “SDL Trados Studio 2011,” review, 124: 14–19 to help USAID’s RESPOND Project, 124: 10 Watson, Gentry L.: “An experiment with literary machine translation,” TransPerfect Translations, Inc. 117: 41–44 acquires Milim, opens additional offices, 122: 10 Way, Andy, 117: 10 now in São Paulo, 123: 8 Web Globalization Report Card 2011, 118: 7 Traslan Teoranta Ltd., acquired by Applied Language Solutions, Web Translate It, 124: 10 118: 7 Web-lingo, merges with Rubric, 119: 7 “Triennial FIT World Congress held in August”: Jost Zetzsche, Web-Translations, acquires Live Translation, 120: 9 123: 7 Welocalize Trounce, Russell, 119: 8 Avantix Global merge, 119: 7 Trusted Translations, Inc. GlobalSight 8.2, 124: 10 adds live phone interpretation division, 119: 10 receives funding, merges with Lloyd International Translations, US Library of Congress selects, 121: 11 117: 10 TSG - Glotas changes name, 124: 9 Western Standard “Turbocharged MT testing at Cisco”: Lori Thicke, 119: 21–23 FluencyFlow, 123: 9 Intermountain Healthcare chooses, 123: 11 U “What’s in a place name?”: John Freivalds, 120: 18–19 “Understanding etymology to improve medical translation”: Luciana WhP, recent industry hires: Petra Bendikova, 123: 8 Ramos, 121: 34–36 “Why MT gets more talk than action”: Wayne Bourland, 121: 62 Unicode 6.0, 119: 9 Wigham, Laurie. See Marcus, Aaron, Emilie Gould and Laurie Wigham The Unicode Consortium Wijima, Frans, 121: 9 Unicode 6.0, 119: 9 Williams, Jeff Unicode Localization Interoperability Technical Committee, “Localization Portland, Oregon-style,” 124: 43–45 120: 11 “Unsung heroes of localization,” 117: 62 Universal Terminological eXchange. See UTX Win & Winnow Communications University of Washington Professional and Continuing Education, recent industry hires: Certificate in Localization: Customizing Software for the World, Lorena Garcia, 117: 10 121: 9 Soledad Mendoza, Florencia Rastelli, 119: 8 University of West London, survey on software localization, 124: 11 Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) GUI Editor, 119: 9
44 | MultiLingual 2012 Resource Directory & Index 2011 [email protected]
33-45 Index.indd 44 1/12/12 9:19 AM Index: Issues 117-124 “Winning the war of word apps”: John Freivalds, 121: 22–23 XTM International, XTM Suite 5.5, 119: 10 wintranslation.com, launches new website, 117: 10 XTM Suite 5.5, 119: 10 Wittner, Janaina: “Improving translation of variables in interactive XTRF games,” 122: 26–29 2.2, 118: 7 Wooten, Adam: “Translation students share ten benefits of 2.3, 121: 10 professional conference attendance,” 123: 7 XTRF Translation Management Systems Wordfast LLC CRM module, 123: 10 Wordfast Anywhere 1.4, 122: 12 Media Lingo selects, 122: 11 Wordfast Classic 6.0, 121: 10 revises logo, 120: 9 WordPress Multilingual version 2, 117: 11 share ideas campaign, 121: 11 World Savvy XTRF 2.2, Unlimited, 118: 7 “Dying customs”: John Freivalds, 117: 20–21 XTRF 2.3, 121: 10 “Frankly speaking”: John Freivalds, 124: 23 XTRF Unlimited, 118: 7 “Hurry up and wait!”: John Freivalds, 118: 20–21 “International taxi tips”: John Freivalds, 119: 26–27 Y “Never burn a bridge”: John Freivalds, 122: 20–21 Yahoo!, “Centralizing localization resources at Yahoo!”: Lori Thicke, “Outlets for frustration”: John Freivalds, 123: 22–23 123: 18–19 “What’s in a place name?”: John Freivalds, 120: 18–19 Yamamoto, Yuji: “How to create glossaries in UTX,” 120: 47–52 “Winning the war of word apps”: John Freivalds, 121: 22–23 Yunker, John: “Making the internet accessible to the world,” 119: 62 World Wide Web Consortium Internationalization Checker, 122: 12 Z recent industry hires: J. Alan Bird, 118: 7 Zampaulo, Madalena Sánchez “The world’s many ‘Spanishes’”: Nataly Kelly, 120: 23 Latino Link, review, 120: 13–15 “Worldware Conference 2011,” 119: 7 “Translation in the social cyberworld,” 123: 24, 26–28 Worx Academy, 117: 11 Zerfaß, Angelika WritePad 2.0 for Android, 119: 11 “MultiTrans Prism,” review, 123: 14–17 www.ABBYYonline.com, 118: 8 “MultiTrans Version 4.4, R2 SP1”: review, 119: 16–20 www.multilingualbuzzmonitor.com, 123: 10 See Lin, Frank, and Angelika Zerfaß Zetzsche, Jost, 118: 7, 120: 8 X “Triennial FIT World Congress held in August,” 123: 7 Xbench 2.9, 121: 9 Zhang, Xiaochun: “Games in China: virtual assets and localization,” XLIFF (XML Localization Interchange File Format) 118: 35–39 “Insights into the future of XLIFF”: Christian Lieske, 121: 51–52 Zibura, Jiri, 123: 8 “Is XLIFF positioned correctly?”: Jaime Mateos, 118: 48–52 Zinacle, S.A., TSG - Glotas changes name, 124: 9 Xscript, celebrates ten years, 121: 11 Ziolek, Miroslaw, 119: 8
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33-45 Index.indd 45 1/12/12 9:19 AM Acronyms & AbbreviAtions ACE automatic content enrichment DLL dynamic link library ACR abstract character repertoire DNT do not translate AD audio description DTD document type definition ADR automated dialog replacement DTP desktop publishing AM authoring memory DVB digital video broadcasting AMT automated machine translation ANSI American National Standards Institute EA East Asian APDU application protocol data unit EAI enterprise application interface API application programming interface EAP e-business application platform ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange EBCDIC extended binary coded decimal interchange code ASL American Sign Language EBITDA earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization ASP application service provider EBMT example-based machine translation ATA American Translators Association EC European community ATSUI Apple Type Services for Unicode Imaging ECL exit control list B2B business to business ECM enterprise content management B2C business to consumer ECMA European Computer Manufacturers Association BCE Before the Common Era ECU European currency unit BMP basic multilingual plane EIP enterprise information portal BOM byte order mark EMEA Europe, Middle East, Africa BPO business process outsourcing EMS enterprise management system BRIC Brazil, Russia, India and China EMU European Economic and Monetary Union ERM electronic relationship management CAD computer-aided design ERP enterprise resource planning CAGR compound annual growth rate ERS emergency restoration system CAI computer-assisted interpretation ESL English-as-a-second-language CAP cultural adaptation process EU European Union CAT computer-aided/assisted translation EUC extended UNIX code CBMT context-based machine translation EXE executable files CBT computer-based training CCJK Simplified Chinese, Traditional Chinese, Japanese & Korean FAHQT fully automatic high quality translation CCS coded character set FAQ frequently asked questions CDATA character data FDI foreign direct investment CE Common Era FEP front-end processor CEE Central and Eastern Europe FEV forced expiration volume CEF character encoding form FIGS France, Italy, Germany and Spain CES character encoding scheme FLR foreign language resource CEO chief executive officer FMS file management system CFO chief financial officer FTP file transfer protocol CGI common gateway interface CGO chief globalization officer GCVC global content value chain CHT Chinese-Taiwan GDP gross domestic product CI community interpreting g11n globalization CIC corporate intelligence center GILT globalization, internationalization, localization and translation CIO chief information officer GIM global information management CJK Chinese, Japanese and Korean GIS geographic information systems CJKV Chinese, Japanese, Korean and Vietnamese GMS globalization management software/system CL controlled language GPS global positioning system CLA cross-lingual application GTMS global translation management system CLAT controlled language authoring technology GUI graphical user interface CLC controlled language checker CM content management; character map HCI human-computer interaction CMM capability maturity model HLT human language technology CMS content management system HMM hidden Markov model CNS Chinese National Standard HPJ Help project files CNT contents files HR human resources COLT connection optimized link technology HRM human resources management COM component object model HTML HyperText Markup Language CP code page HTTP HyperText Transfer Protocol CRM customer relationship management CRPG computer role-playing game IANA Internet Assigned Numbers Authority CS compound strings ICF informed consent form CSS cascading style sheet ICT information and communication technology CT Chinese Traditional; compound text ICU International Components for Unicode CTI computer telephone integration IDE integrated development environment CT3 crowdsourced translation-community translation- IE information element collaborative translation IEC International Electrotechnical Commission DAU/MAU daily active users divided by monthly active users i18n internationalization DBCS double-byte character set IETF Internet Engineering Task Force DDI direct dialing inwards IFU instructions for use DITA Darwin Information Typing Architecture IM input methods; instant messaging DIY do-it-yourself IME input method editor DIYOW do-it-your-own-way IP internet protocol; intellectual property 46 | MultiLingual 2012 Resource Directory & Index 2011 [email protected]
46-58 Gloss.Acron.AdIndex.indd 46 1/12/12 9:21 AM Acronyms & AbbreviAtions IRB institutional review boards ODBC open data base connectivity IRI internationalized resource identifier OEM original equipment manufacturer ISDN integrated services digital network OLG online gaming ISO International Organization for Standardization OPEX operating expenses ISV independent software vendor OPI over-the-phone interpretation IT information technology OS operating system ITS International Tag Set OSS open-source software ITP International Translation & Publishing OTA over-the-air IVD in-vitro diagnostic IVR interactive voice response systems P&L profit and loss PC personal computer; politically correct JAXP Java API for XML Processing PCDATA parsed character data JCAT Java computer-assisted translation PDA personal digital assistant JDK Java Development Kit PDF portable document format JFIGS Japanese, French, Italian, German and Spanish PDI power distance index JIC Japan Industrial Code PEST political, economic, sociocultural, technological JIS Japanese Industrial Standards; Japanese Institute of Standards PIL patient information leaflet JISC Japan Industrial Standards Committee PIM personal information manager JRE Java Runtime Environment PM project manager; project management JSP Java server pages PO purchase order PoA plan of action K kilobytes POS part of speech KISI Korean Industrial Standards Institute POSIX portable operating system interface KPA key process area PPC pay-per-click KPI key performance indicator PRC People’s Republic of China
LAN local area network; large area network Q&A questions and answers LEP limited English proficient QA quality assurance LESA limited English-speaking ability QC quality control LIP language interface program LKP lookup file R&D research and development LM language model RBMT rule-based machine translation LMS learning management system RC resource code files LOF list of figures RES resource files LOT list of tables RFC request for comments LPM localization project manager RFP request for proposal LQA language quality assurance RFQ request for quote LSB least significant byte RLV regional language vendor LSE language search engine ROA return on assets LSP language service provider; localization service provider ROI return on investment l10n localization ROK Republic of Korea LTI localization, translation and interpretation RONA return on net assets L2 second language RPG role-playing game LVT linguistic verification testing RQM resource quality management RTF rich text format M&A mergers and acquisitions RTL right to left MAC media access control RTT real-time translation MAPI message application programming interface MARTIF machine-readable terminology interchange format SaaS software as a service MAT machine-aided/assisted translation SBMT statistical-based machine translation MBCS multibyte character set SC Simplified Chinese MBO management by objective SCL system control language MENA Middle East and North Africa SDK software development kit MI machine interpretation SDML signed document markup language MIME multipurpose internet mailer extensions SEL self-extensible language ML markup languages SEO search engine optimization MLS multiple listing service SGML standard generalized markup language MLV multilanguage vendor SL source language MMOG massively multiplayer online game SLA service level agreement MMORPG massively multiplayer online role-playing game SLV single-language vendor MT machine translation SMB small and medium-sized businesses MUD multiuser domain SME small and medium-size enterprises; subject matter expert MUI multilingual user interface SMG screen management guidelines MWS multilingual workflow system SMI structure of management information SMT statistical machine translation NLP natural language processing SMTP simple mail transfer protocol NLS national language support SMTS statistical machine translation software SOAP Simple Object Access Protocol OASIS Organization for the Advancement SOP standard operating procedure of Structured Information Standards SOV subject-object-verb OBJ object files STT speech-to-text OCR optical character recognition ST source text www.multilingual.com 2012 Resource Directory & Index 2011 MultiLingual | 47
46-58 Gloss.Acron.AdIndex.indd 47 1/12/12 9:21 AM Acronyms & AbbreviAtions GlossAry STE Simplified Technical English Abilene Paradox. A paradox in which a group of people collectively SVO subject-verb-object decides on a course of action that is counter to the preferences of any of the individuals in the group. It involves a common breakdown of group T&D transmission and distribution communication in which each member mistakenly believes that his or her TBX TermBase eXchange own preference is counter to the group’s and, thus, the person does not TC Traditional Chinese raise objections. TEnT translation environment tool TES transfer encoding syntax advanced leveraging. Within computer-aided translation tools, advanced TIF Terminology Interchange Format leveraging combines statistical analysis and linguistic intelligence to TL target language create a new category of fuzzy matches that can lead to an increase in TM translation memory translation productivity. It features full-text indexing capabilities that TMF terminology markup framework allow users to search and retrieve text strings of any length, such as full TMS terminology management system; translation memory system; and fuzzy segments, paragraphs, terms and even subsegments. translation memory software agile. In this context, agile methods break tasks into small iterations with TMX Translation Memory eXchange minimal planning. Each iteration involves a team working through a full TOC table of contents software development cycle, for example, which speeds up release of the TR technical report product. TRP translation request package agglutination. In linguistics, combining short words or word elements TSP translation service provider into a single word in order to express compound ideas. TTS text-to-speech TU translation unit American National Standards Institute (ANSI). An organization of 24/7 something that happens around the clock, seven days a week American industry groups that work with other nations to develop stan- dards in facilitating telecommunications, character encoding and inter- UAE United Arab Emirates national trade. UCD Unicode Character Database American Sign Language (ASL). The dominant sign language of the deaf UCS universal character set community in the United States, in the English-speaking parts of Canada UI user interfaces and in parts of Mexico. Although the United Kingdom and the United ULF universal learning format States share English as a spoken and written language, British Sign Lan- UN United Nations guage is quite different from ASL and not mutually intelligible. UPT universal personal telecommunications URI uniform/universal resource identifier American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII). The URL uniform resource locator worldwide standard for the code numbers used by computers to represent UTC coordinated universal time; Unicode Technical Committee all the uppercase and lowercase Latin letters, numbers, punctuation and UTX Universal Terminology Exchange other symbols. anglophone. Someone who speaks the English language natively or by VAR value-added reseller adoption. The term specifically refers to people whose cultural back- VBA Visual Basic for Applications ground is primarily associated with the English language, regardless of VC venture capital ethnic and geographical differences. VFY Viscose Filament Yarn VID visual interface design application programming interface (API). A software interface that VISCII Vietnamese Standard Code for Information Interchange enables applications to communicate with each other. An API is the set of VOIP Voice over internet protocol programming language constructs or statements that can be coded in an VPN virtual private network application program to obtain the specific functions and services provided VR virtual reality; voice recognition by an underlying operating system or service program. application service provider (ASP). A service, usually a business, that W3C World Wide Web Consortium provides remote access to an application program across a network pro- WAN wide area networks tocol, typically HTTP. A common example is a website that other websites WAP wireless application protocols use for accepting payment by credit card as part of its online ordering WBS work breakdown structure systems. WBT web-based training WCM web content management audio description (AD). A term used to describe the descriptive narration WIP work in progress of key visual elements in a video or multimedia product. AD makes the WORM write-once, read-many visual images of media accessible for people who are blind and visually WSDL Web Service Description Language impaired. The visual is made verbal. In AD, narrators typically describe WYSIWYG What You See Is What You Get actions, gestures, scene changes and other visual information. They also describe titles, speaker names and other text that may appear on the XAML Extensible Application Markup Language screen. XCCS Xerox Character Code Standard automated machine translation (AMT). AMT and Caterpillar Techni- XDR External Data Representation cal English are development project collaborations between Caterpillar, XHTML Extensible HyperText Markup Language Inc., and Carnegie Mellon University to further improve the creation and XLIFF XML Localization Interchange File Format translation of technical documentation into three core languages: Span- XML Extensible Markup Language ish, French and German. XSL Extensible Stylesheet Language XSLT Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformation automatic content enrichment (ACE). A bridge between single language websites and localization, ACE technology associates English words and ZWNBS zero width no break space phrases on web pages with pop-ups containing information in a user’s GlossAry native language. A B abductive reasoning. In artificial intelligence and philosophy, reasoning back translation. The process of translating a document that has already based on possible or hypothesized causes or explanations. It involves infer- been translated into another language back to the original language — ring the best or most plausible explanation from a given set of facts or data. preferably by an independent translator. 48 | MultiLingual 2012 Resource Directory & Index 2011 [email protected]
46-58 Gloss.Acron.AdIndex.indd 48 1/12/12 9:21 AM GlossAry Balkans. A geopolitical and cultural region of southeastern Europe. The byte-order mark (BOM). A Unicode character that indicates the byte region takes its name from the Balkan Mountains, which run through the order of the Unicode text that follows. center of Bulgaria into eastern Serbia. Baltic states. The Baltic states are three countries in northern Europe, C all members of the European Union: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. After captive center. A company-owned offshore operation. The activities are centuries of foreign domination, the Baltic countries were reestablished as performed offshore, but they are not outsourced to another company. independent nations in the aftermath of World War I in 1918-1920. cascading style sheet (CSS). An external format that determines the layout bidirectional (writing system). A writing system in which text is gener- of tagged file formats such as HTML. ally flush right, and most characters are written from right to left, but casual games. A category of electronic or computer games targeted at some text is written left to right as well. Arabic and Hebrew are the only a mass audience, casual games usually have a few simple rules and an bidirectional writing systems in current use. engaging game design, thereby making it easy for a new player to begin bidirectional text (bidi). A mixture of characters within a text where playing the game in just minutes. Casual games require no long-term time some are read from left to right and others from right to left. Bidirectional commitment or special skills to play, and there are comparatively low or bidi refers to an application that allows for this variance. production and distribution costs for the producer. Big5. The name of the Chinese character set and encoding used exten- Catalan. A Romance language, the national and official language of sively in Taiwan. Big5 is not a national standard, but is equivalent to the Andorra, and a co-official language in the Spanish autonomous communi- first two planes of CNS 11643-1992. ties of the Balearic Islands, Catalonia and Valencia — where it is known as Valencian — and in the city of Alghero on the Italian island of Sardinia. Bilingual Evaluation Understudy (BLEU). An algorithm for evaluating Although with no official recognition, it is also spoken in the autonomous the quality of text that has been machine translated from one natural lan- communities of Aragon and Murcia in Spain, and in the historic Roussillon guage to another. Quality is considered to be the correspondence between region of southern France. a machine’s output and that of a human. The closer that a machine Caterpillar Technical English (CTE). Consists of a controlled vocabulary — translation is to a human translation, the better it is. BLEU was one of approximately 80,000 technical terms — and all of the English grammatical the first metrics to achieve a high correlation with human judgments of structures required when writing technical documentation. CTE ensures that quality and remains one of the most popular. Scores are calculated for automated machine translation is able to translate what authors write in individual translated segments — generally sentences — by comparing English. them with a set of good quality reference translations. Those scores are then averaged over the whole corpus to reach an estimate of the trans- Catch-22. A term coined by Joseph Heller in his 1961 novel Catch-22, lation’s overall quality. Intelligibility or grammatical correctness is not describing a false dilemma where no real choice exists. A familiar example taken into account. of this circumstance occurs in the context of job searching. In moving from school to a career, a graduate may encounter a Catch-22 where one bitext. A merged document comprised of both source language and target cannot get a job without work experience, but one cannot gain experience language versions of a given text. Bitexts are generated by a piece of without a job. software called an alignment tool, which automatically aligns the original CE marking. The letters CE are the abbreviation of the French phrase con- and translated versions of the same text. formité Européene that literally means European conformity. CE marking blog. Shortened from weblog, this is a web application that contains on a product is a manufacturer’s declaration that the product complies periodic time-stamped posts on a common webpage. Blogs range from with the essential requirements of the relevant European health, safety and individual diaries to arms of political campaigns, media programs and environmental protection legislations. corporations, and from having one occasional “blogger” (author) to hav- Central America. The central geographic region of the Americas. It is the ing large communities of writers. southernmost, isthmian portion of the North American continent, which bloggerati (sing. bloggerato). Adapted from literati, the term refers to the connects with South America on the southeast. Central America has tradi- “A-list bloggers” — popular and/or celebrity bloggers in the blogging tionally consisted of Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, community. Nicaragua and Panama. bodyshopping. The practice of using offshore resources and personnel to Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). Predominantly used to describe former do small disaggregated tasks within a business environment without any Communist countries in Europe after the collapse of the Iron Curtain in broader intention to offshore an entire business function. 1990. Later, it became an abbreviation mostly — still being not precisely branding. A name, logo, slogan and/or design scheme associated with a defined — referring to the European countries east of Germany and south product or service. Brand recognition and other reactions are created by to the Balkan states. In most cases it includes Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and the Baltic states of Estonia, the use of the product or service and through the influence of advertising, Latvia and Lithuania. It sometimes also includes Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova design and media commentary. A brand is a symbolic embodiment of all and Russia. the information connected to the product and serves to create associations and expectations around it. A brand often includes a logo, fonts, color CESU-8. Similar to UTF-8, CESU-8 is a way of representing Unicode text. schemes, symbols and sound that may be developed to represent implicit CESU-8 uses six bytes for supplementary characters and is not appropriate values, ideas and even personality. for data interchange. break-even point. The amount of sales or revenues that a company must character. The smallest component of written language that has semantic generate in order to equal its expenses. In other words, it is the point at value. A printed or written letter or symbol. In computing, the binary code which the company neither makes a profit nor suffers a loss; there is no used to represent a letter or symbol. net loss or gain. Break-even analysis provides insight into whether or character identifier (CID). The key used to access outline (glyph) data in not revenue from a product or service has the ability to cover the costs CID-keyed fonts. of production of that product or service. Company executives can use character set or charset. A defined set of characters used by a specific this information in making a wide range of business decisions, including computer system where no coded representation is assumed. The mapping setting prices, preparing competitive bids and applying for loans. of characters from a writing system into a set of binary codes such as ANSI BRIC. An acronym that refers to the fast growing and developing econo- or Unicode. mies of Brazil, Russia, India and China. CJKV. The abbreviation for the languages Chinese, Japanese, Korean and business ethics. Examines ethical principles and moral or ethical prob- Vietnamese. lems that arise in a business environment. It applies to all aspects of busi- cloud computing. A style of computing in which dynamically scalable and ness conduct and is relevant to the conduct of individuals and business often virtualized resources are provided as a service over the internet. Users organizations as a whole. need not have knowledge of, expertise in or control over the technology www.multilingual.com 2012 Resource Directory & Index 2011 MultiLingual | 49
46-58 Gloss.Acron.AdIndex.indd 49 1/12/12 9:21 AM GlossAry infrastructure in the “cloud” that supports them. The term cloud is used as a group of people, in the form of an open call. For example, the public may metaphor for the internet based on how the internet is depicted in computer be invited to develop a new technology, carry out a design task, refine an network diagrams and is an abstraction for the complex infrastructure it algorithm or help capture, systematize or analyze large amounts of data. conceals. Cyrillic alphabet. Actually a family of alphabets, subsets of which are CNS. The Chinese National Standard (CNS) 11643-1992 defines a total of used by certain East and South Slavic languages — Belarusian, Bulgarian, 48,027 characters and applies the EUC-TW (extended UNIX code-Taiwan) Macedonian, Russian, Rusyn, Serbian and Ukrainian — as well as many to one-, two- and four-byte encoding. other languages of the former Soviet Union, Asia and Eastern Europe. With code page. A table that defines the numeric index (computer code point the accession of Bulgaria to the European Union (EU) on January 1, 2007, value) associated with each character in a specific set of characters. Each Cyrillic became the third official alphabet of the EU. character in a code page has a numerical index. code sweep. A special tool that scans program code to identify areas where D character encoding will cause problems. Newer, internationalized code DAU/MAU. Daily active users divided by monthly active users. Measures anticipates these problems. the percentage of players that show up every day to social games. If a computational linguistics. The engineering of systems that process or game’s DAU/MAU is .3, then around a third of the game’s total players analyze written or spoken natural language. It is concerned with the com- are checking in at least once each day. DAU/MAU is commonly thought to putational aspects of the human language. Its goal is to provide computers show how addictive a game is. with the ability to produce and interpret human language. Darwin Information Typing Architecture (DITA). An XML-based archi- computer-aided translation (CAT). Computer technology applications tecture for authoring, producing and delivering technical information. This that assist in the act of translating text from one language to another. architecture consists of a set of design principles for creating “information- typed” modules at a topic level and for using that content in delivery computer-based training (CBT). A form of education in which the student modes such as online help and product support portals on the web. learns by executing special training programs on a computer. data mining. Analysis of data in a database using tools that look for trends conditional text. Content within a document that is meant to appear in or anomalies without knowledge of the meaning of the data. Data mining some renditions of the document, but not other renditions. The text is uses computational techniques from statistics and pattern recognition. conditional in the sense that its inclusion or variation depends on which version of the document is being produced. desktop publishing (DTP). Using computers to lay out text and graphics for printing in magazines, newsletters, brochures and so on. A good DTP consecutive interpreting. The interpreter begins his or her interpretation system provides precise control over templates, styles, fonts, sizes, color, of a complete message after the speaker has stopped producing the source paragraph formatting, images and fitting text into irregular shapes. utterance. At the time that the interpretation is rendered, the interpreter is the only person in the communication environment who is producing a diacritic. A mark or sign placed under, over or through a Latin script char- message. Normally, in consecutive interpreting, the interpreter is alongside acter that indicates a modification in the phonetic value of the character the speaker, listening and taking notes as the speech progresses. When the with which it is associated. speaker has finished or comes to a pause, the interpreter reproduces the dialect. A variety of a language used by people from a particular geographic message in the target language, in its entirety and as though he or she were area. The number of speakers and the area itself can be of arbitrary size. making the original speech. A dialect is a complete system of verbal communication — oral or signed content management system (CMS). A system used to store and subse- but not necessarily written — with its own vocabulary and/or grammar. quently find and retrieve large amounts of data. CMSs were not originally diaspora. A dispersion of a people from their original homeland or the designed to synchronize translation and localization of content, so most dispersion of an originally homogeneous entity, such as a language or have been partnered with globalization management systems. culture. controlled authoring. Writing for reuse and translation. Controlled author- diphthong. A complex speech sound or glide that begins with one vowel ing is a process that integrates writing with localization so that the text can sound and gradually changes to another within the same syllable, such as be written for reuse and at the same time written for efficient translation. coin, loud and side. controlled languages. Subsets of natural languages whose grammars and disambiguation. The process of rewriting or reconstructing a sentence so dictionaries have been restricted in order to reduce or eliminate both ambi- that one of its possible meanings is singled out. guity and complexity. Also, stylistic rules — such as not using certain verb tenses or the passive voice — can be created, depending upon the group or document type definition (DTD). States what tags and attributes are used organization and its language usage goals. to describe content in SGML documents, where each tag is allowed, and which tags can appear within other tags. controlled vocabulary. The standardization of words that may be used to search an index, abstract or information database. There is usually a domain. A knowledge domain that a user is interested in or is commu- published listing or thesaurus of preferred terms identifying the system’s nicating about. A group of computers or devices that share a common vocabulary. directory database and are administered as a unit. corpus (pl. corpora). A large body of natural language text used for accu- dongle. A security or copy-protection device for commercial computer pro- mulating statistics on natural language text. Corpora often include extra grams. Programs can use a dongle query at the start of a program to determine information such as a tag for each word indicating its part-of-speech and if the registration is valid and to terminate if the correct code is not present. perhaps the parse tree for each sentence. double-byte character set (DBCS). This term has two basic meanings. In creole language. A stable language that originates from a mixture of CJK (Chinese-Japanese-Korean) computing, the term traditionally means various languages. The majority of creole languages are based on Eng- a character set in which every graphic character not representable by an lish, Portuguese, French, Spanish and other languages — their superstrate accompanying SBCS (single-byte character set) is encoded in two bytes. language — with local or immigrant languages as substrate languages. Han characters would generally comprise most of these two-byte char- The lexicon of a creole usually consists of words clearly borrowed from a acters. The term can also mean a character set in which all characters superstrate language, except for phonetic and semantic shifts; on the other — including all control characters — are encoded in two bytes. hand, the grammar often has original features and may differ substantially double-byte languages. Languages such as Chinese, Japanese and Korean from those of the superstrate language. (CJK) that use twice as much memory because their characters are more cross-reference. As a noun, an instance within a document that refers to complex and graphical than Roman alphabet letters. CJK languages are related or synonymous information elsewhere, usually within the same character-based with each character referring to an idea as opposed to a work. As a verb, the action of making this connection. specific shape. crowdsourcing. The act of taking a task traditionally performed by an dubbing. In filmmaking, the process of recording or replacing voices for employee or contractor and outsourcing it to an undefined, generally large a motion picture. The term is most commonly used in reference to voices 50 | MultiLingual 2012 Resource Directory & Index 2011 [email protected]
46-58 Gloss.Acron.AdIndex.indd 50 1/12/12 9:21 AM GlossAry recorded that do not belong to the original actors and speak in a different language than the actor is speaking. F FIGS. An acronym for the languages French, Italian, German and Spanish. file transfer protocol (FTP). A common way to move files between host E computers and sometimes personal computers. e-governance. The public sector’s use of information and communication technologies with the aim of improving information and service delivery, francophone. Used to describe a French-speaking person. Geopolitically, it encouraging citizen participation in the decision-making process and refers to a person who speaks French as a first language or who self-iden- making government more accountable, transparent and effective. tifies with this language group. As an adjective, it means French-speaking, whether referring to individuals, groups or places. e-government. Refers to a government’s use of information technology to exchange information and services with citizens, businesses and other free text. Data that is entered into a field without any formal or pre- arms of government. E-government may be applied by the legislature, defined structure other than the normal use of grammar and punctuation. judiciary or administration in order to improve internal efficiency, the freelance translator. Also known as a freelancer, an independent transla- delivery of public services or the processes of democratic governance. tor who sells his or her services to a client on a job-to-job basis or without e-learning. The use of internet technology for learning outside of a physi- a long-term commitment to any one employer. cal classroom. full match. A source text segment that corresponds exactly (100%) with a previously stored sentence in a translation memory tool. 80/20 Rule. Also known as Pareto’s Principle, the law of the vital few and the principle of factor sparsity. The rule states that for many phenomena, fuzzy match. Refers to the situation when a phrase or sentence in a trans- 80% of the consequences stem from 20% of the causes. Management lation memory (TM) is similar (but not a 100% match) to the sentence or thinker Joseph M. Juran suggested the principle, and it was named after phrase the translator is currently working on. The TM tool calculates the degree of similarity or “fuzziness” as a percentage figure. the Italian economist Vilfredo Pareto, who observed that 80% of income in Italy was received by 20% of the Italian population. The assumption is that most of the results in any situation are determined by a small number G of causes. This idea is often applied to data such as sales figures: “20% GB 18030. A non-Unicode code page extending the traditional Chinese standard and containing room for 1.6 million characters. GB 18030 can of clients are responsible for 80% of sales volume.” Such a statement is include one-, two- or four-byte characters and includes support for Mon- testable, is likely to be correct and may be helpful in decision making. golian, Tibetan, Yi and Uyghur, as well as all previously supported Chinese embedded media. Media that can be included in an HTML page, such as scripts. Real Audio files or GIF animations. Web browsers use multipurpose internet Geert Hofstede. An influential Dutch writer on the interactions between mail extensions (MIME types), a specification for formatting these non- national cultures and organizational cultures, and the author of several ASCII messages so that they can be sent over the internet. When a browser books, including Culture’s Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, finds a file in an HTML document with a MIME extension such as .gif, the Institutions, and Organizations Across Nations and Cultures and Organiza- browser knows to display that file as an image. Many e-mail clients also tions: Software of the Mind, coauthored with his son Gert Jan Hofstede. support MIME. Hofstede’s study demonstrates that national and regional cultural group- embedded system. Hardware and software that make up a component of ings affect the behavior of societies and organizations and that they are a larger system, often for real-time response, that is expected to function persistent across time. without human intervention. gist translation. A less-than-perfect translation performed by machine or encoding scheme. Rules for assigning numeric value (code points) to automatic translation. characters. Encoding is a method by which a character set is turned into Global information management Metrics eXchange – Volume (GMX-V). computerized form for transmission and preservation. A word and character count standard for electronic documents. GMX-V endangered language. A language that is at risk of fall ing out of use, was developed and maintained by OSCAR (Open Standards for Container/ generally because it has few surviving speakers. If it loses all of its native Content Allowing Re-use), a special interest group of LISA (Localization speakers, it becomes an extinct language. Industry Standards Association). GMX-V, one of the tripartite series of standards from LISA, deals with electronic document metrics. GMX is enterprise application interface (EAI). Created to facilitate the flow of made up of the following standards: GMX-V — Volume; GMX-C — Com- information and to connect transactions among distributed and complex plexity; and GMX-Q — Quality. applications and business processes within enterprises. global positioning system (GPS). The only fully functional global navi- enterprise resource planning (ERP). An amalgamation of a company’s gation satellite system. Utilizing a constellation of at least 24 medium information systems so that data from various functions such as human earth orbit satellites that transmit precise microwave signals, the system resources, inventories and financials are bound together and linked to enables a GPS receiver to determine its location, speed, direction and time. customers and vendors. GPS is funded by and controlled by the US Department of Defense. While escort interpreting. The interpreter accompanies a person or a delegation there are many thousands of civil users of GPS worldwide, the system was on a tour, on a visit or to a meeting or interview. These specialists interpret designed for and is operated by the US military. on a variety of subjects, both on an informal basis and on a professional globalization (g11n). Refers to the process that addresses business issues level, and most of the interpretation is consecutive. associated with launching a product globally, such as integrating localiza- European. Refers to languages such as English, French, Russian and Greek tion throughout a company after proper internationalization and product that use single-byte encoding schemes for their alphabets. design. In g11n, the common abbreviation for globalization, the 11 refers to the 11 letters between the g and the n. European Union (EU). An intergovernmental and supranational union of 27 democratic member states. The EU was established under that name in globalization management system (GMS). Focuses on managing the 1992 by the Treaty on European Union (the Maastricht Treaty). translation and localization cycles and synchronizing those with source content management. Provides the capability of centralizing linguistic extended UNIX code (EUC). A multibyte encoding design used to encode assets in the form of translation databases, leveraging glossaries and Japanese, Chinese, Korean and Taiwanese on UNIX systems. branding standards across global content. Extensible Markup Language (XML). A programming language/specifica- glocal. Derived from the combination of the words global and local. The tion pared down from SGML, an international standard for the publica- word refers to the creation or distribution of products or services intended tion and delivery of electronic information, designed especially for web for a global or transregional market, but customized to suit local language, documents. laws and culture. Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL). A language for expressing style glocalization. A blending of the words globalization and localization, the term sheets, controlling formatting and other output behavior. refers to the individual, group, division, unit, organization or community that www.multilingual.com 2012 Resource Directory & Index 2011 MultiLingual | 51
46-58 Gloss.Acron.AdIndex.indd 51 1/12/12 9:21 AM GlossAry is willing and able to think globally and act locally. Glocalization emphasizes homograph. One of two or more words that have the same spelling but that the globalization of a product is more likely to succeed when the product differ in origin, meaning and sometimes pronunciation. An example is or service is adapted specifically to each locality or culture in which it is wind (weather) and wind (activity). marketed. homophone. A word that has the same pronunciation as another but dif- glossarization. Refers to the process of locating and translating product- ferent meaning, derivation or spelling. Examples are there and their, foe specific terminology. All available materials undergo a linguistic review, and faux, and time and thyme. then are compiled and translated to ensure consistency and fluency among HyperText Markup Language (HTML). A markup language that uses tags different versions. to structure text into headings, paragraphs, lists and links, and tells a web glossary. In the context of localization, a glossary is a list of source browser how to display text and images on a web page. language terms paired with a list of corresponding terms in the target language. I glyph. The shape representation or pictograph of a character. “I” form interpretation. Interpretation in the first person, where the inter- GNU. Short for “GNU is Not UNIX,” GNU is a UNIX-compatible software preter acts as a neutral portal and attempts to capture the feeling and tone system that is nonproprietary. of whomever he or she is interpreting for. google. As a verb, refers to using the Google search engine to obtain infor- ideographic language. A written language in which each character mation on the web. represents an idea, concept or other component of meaning, rather than pronunciation alone. Japanese kanji, Chinese hanzi and Korean hanja are gross domestic product (GDP). One of the measures of national income examples of ideographic writing systems. and output for a given country’s economy. The most common approach to information retrieval. The science of searching for information in docu- measuring and quantifying GDP is the expenditure method: GDP = con- ments, searching for documents themselves, searching for metadata that sumption + gross investment + government spending + (exports – imports). describe documents or searching within databases, whether relational gross margin. The amount of contribution to the business enterprise, after stand-alone databases or hypertext networked databases such as the inter- paying for direct-fixed and direct-variable unit costs, required to cover net or intranets, for text, sound, images or data. overheads (fixed commitments) and to provide a buffer for unknown items. input method editor (IME). A way to input via keyboard that makes use of It expresses the relationship between gross profit and sales revenue. additional windows for character editing or selection in order to facilitate guanxi. A central concept in Chinese society and describing the basic entry of alternate writing systems. dynamic in personalized networks of influence. Guanxi is, in part, a per- internationalization (i18n). Especially in a computing context, the pro- sonal connection between two people in which one is able to prevail upon cess of generalizing a product so that it can handle multiple languages another to perform a favor or service or be prevailed upon. The two people and cultural conventions — currency, number separators, dates and so on need not be of equal social status. It could also be a network of contacts, — without the need for redesign. In i18n, the common abbreviation for which an individual can call upon when something needs to be done and internationalization, the 18 refers to the 18 letters between the i and the n. through which he or she can exert influence on behalf of another. International Organization for Standardization (ISO). A network of national standards institutes from 145 countries working in partnership with H international organizations, governments, industry, business and consumer hangul. Invented in the fifteenth century, the native alphabet of the representatives. ISO acts as a bridge between public and private sectors. Korean language, as opposed to the non-alphabetic hanja system borrowed internaut. A cyber slang term for a designer, operator or technically from China. Each hangul syllabic block consists of several of the 24 letters capable professional user of the internet, someone who is ultra-familiar (jamo) — 14 consonants and 10 vowels. with the internet as an entity and with cyberspace in general. The word is hanja. The Korean name for Chinese characters. More specifically, it refers a combination of internet and astronaut. Other terms roughly analogous to those Chinese characters borrowed from Chinese and incorporated into with internaut are cybernaut and netizen, though each has its own con- notation. The common thread among them, however, is an implication of the Korean language with Korean pronunciation. experience and knowledge of the internet or cyberspace that goes beyond hanzi. A logogram, literally meaning Han character, used in writing Chi- the casual user. nese. These Chinese characters have also been borrowed for use in Japa- internet. A system of linked computer networks, international in scope, nese (kanji), less frequently Korean (hanja), and formerly Vietnamese (hán that facilitate data transfer and communication services. tự), and other languages. Inuktitut. The name of the varieties of the Inuit language spoken in hard-coding. Refers to the software development practice of embed- Canada, including parts of the provinces of Newfoundland and Labrador, ding data directly into the source code or fixed formatting. Hard-coding Québec, to some extent in northeastern Manitoba as well as the territories requires the program’s source code to be changed any time the desired data of Nunavut, the Northwest Territories and traditionally on the Arctic Ocean changes, when it might be more convenient to the end user to change the coast of the Yukon Territory. Inuktitut is recognized as an official language detail by some means outside the program. in Nunavut and the Northwest Territories. hashtags. A community-driven convention for adding additional context and metadata to tweets. Hashtags have the hash or pound symbol (#) J preceding the tag, for example, #collegefootball, #Beatles or #oilspill. Java. A programming language originally developed by Sun Microsystems Hashtags can occur anywhere in a tweet. and released in 1995 as a core component of Sun’s Java platform. The language derives much of its syntax from C and C++ but has a simpler hidden Markov model (HMM). A statistical technique with training algo- object model and fewer low-level facilities. Java applications are typically rithms that can process a large quantity of training data and can automati- compiled to byte code that can run on any Java virtual machine regardless cally train a system to recognize particular speech patterns. of computer architecture. hiragana. A flowing phonetic subscript of the native Japanese writing Java Computer-Assisted Translation (JCAT). A Java-based transla- system. In hiragana, all of the sounds of the Japanese language are repre- tion tool that takes advantage of XML features. JCAT primarily benefits sented by 50 syllables. linguists. Hispanic. A term that historically denoted relation to ancient Hispania JavaScript. An open-source scripting language for design of interactive (geographically coinciding with the Iberian peninsula — modern-day websites. JavaScript can interact with HTML source code, enabling web Spain, Portugal, Andorra and Gibraltar) and/or to its pre-Roman peoples. developers to use dynamic content. For example, JavaScript makes it easy The term now refers to the culture and people of Spain plus the Spanish- to respond to user-initiated events (such as form input) without having to speaking countries of the Americas. use common gateway interface. 52 | MultiLingual 2012 Resource Directory & Index 2011 [email protected]
46-58 Gloss.Acron.AdIndex.indd 52 1/12/12 9:21 AM GlossAry Java Server Pages (JSP). JSP have dynamic scripting capability that works locale. An international language and geographic region that also embod- in tandem with HTML code, separating the page logic from the static ele- ies common language and cultural information. Locale differs from ments — the actual design and display of the page — to help make the language in that the same language may be spoken in more than one HTML more functional. country. Locale also refers to the features of a user’s computing environ- JIS. The acronym for the Japanese Industrial Standard, which is the Japa- ment that are dependent on geographic location, language and cultural nese equivalent of ANSI. information. A locale specifically determines conventions such as sort order rules; date, time and currency formats; keyboard layout; and other K cultural conventions. kana. The two Japanese syllabaries — hiragana and katakana. localization (l10n). The process of adapting a product or software to a kanji. The Chinese characters that are used in the modern Japanese specific language or culture so that it seems natural to that particular logographic writing system along with hiragana, katakana and the Hindu- region. True localization considers language, culture, customs and the Arabic numerals. The Japanese term kanji literally means Han characters. characteristics of the target locale. It frequently involves changes to the Despite the existence of some 13,000 kanji characters, these alone do not software’s writing system and may change keyboard use and fonts as well suffice to write Japanese. Hiragana characters are also required to express as date, time and monetary formats. In l10n, the common abbreviation for grammatical inflections. localization, the 10 refers to the ten letters between the l and the n. katakana. A Japanese syllabary, one component of the Japanese writing the long tail. The statistical property that a large share of the popula- system along with hiragana, kanji and in some cases the Latin alphabet. tion rests within the tail of a probability distribution. In localization, it The word katakana means fragmentary kana, as they are derived from refers to the large number or languages or cultures that taken uniquely components of more complex kanji. Katakana are characterized by short would only represent small percentages of world population. The term has straight strokes and angular corners and are the simplest of the Japa- gained popularity in recent times as a retailing concept describing the nese scripts. Katakana and hiragana both render the same syllables, but niche strategy of selling a large number of unique items in relatively small katakana is angular and used largely to spell words borrowed from other quantities. The term was popularized by Chris Anderson in an October languages, while hiragana is cursive and is used more frequently to spell 2004 Wired magazine article, in which he mentioned Amazon.com and native Japanese words. Netflix as examples of businesses applying this strategy. kernel. The central module of an operating system, it loads first and lossy. Describes a compression algorithm that reduces the amount of infor- remains in memory to control memory management, disk management, mation in data, rather than just the number of bits used to represent that and process and task management. information. keyword. Any word on a web page. Keyword searching is the most com- mon form of text search on the web. Most search engines do their text M query and retrieval using keywords. machine-aided translation (MAT). Computer technology applications that assist in the translation of text from one spoken language to another, L based on the concept of translation memory and the reuse of previously Latin America. The region of the Americas where Romance languages — translated terms and sentences. those derived from Latin, namely Spanish and Portuguese — are officially machine translation (MT). A technology that translates text from one or primarily spoken. human language to another, using terminology glossaries and advanced Latina, Latino. The demonyms Latina (feminine) and Latino (masculine) grammatical, syntactic and semantic analysis techniques. are defined in several English language dictionaries as persons of Hispanic, massive online collaboration. Massive collaboration is a form of collective especially Latin American, descent, often living in the United States. In action that occurs when large numbers of people work independently on a the United States, the term is in official use in the ethnonym Hispanic or single project, often modular in its nature. Such projects typically take place Latino, defined as “a person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or on the internet using social software and computer-supported collaboration Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin regardless of race.” tools that provide a potentially infinite hypertextual substrate within which Neither Hispanic nor Latino refers to a race, as a person of Latino or His- the collaboration may be situated. A key aspect that distinguishes massive panic ethnicity can be of any race. collaboration from other forms of large-scale collaboration is that the col- learning management system (LMS). Software that automates the admin- laborative process is mediated by the content being created — as opposed to istration of training events. being mediated by direct social interaction as in other forms of collaboration. lemmatize. To sort so as to group together inflected or variant forms of massively multiplayer online game (MMOG). A type of computer game the same words. that enables hundreds or thousands of players to simultaneously interact leverage/leveraging. Refers to the amount of previously translated text in a game world to which they are connected via the internet. from an earlier release that can be reused or recycled. massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG). A multi- lexicography. The act of compiling dictionaries. player computer role-playing game that enables thousands of players to LI18NUX2000 Global Specification. Based on specifications drawn up by play in an evolving virtual world at the same time over the internet. several working groups within Li18nux, LI18NUX2000 Global Specifica- mergers and acquisitions (M&A). Refers to the aspect of corporate strat- tion includes globalization functionality features from commercial UNIX egy, corporate finance and management dealing with the buying, selling systems as well as operating system recommendations to ease the develop- and combining of different companies that can aid, finance or help a ment of internationalized application software. growing company in a given industry expand rapidly without having to ligature. Refers to a glyph that is created when two or more characters are create another business entity. combined to form a new, single typographical character. metadata. Structural metadata covers the design and specification of data lingua franca. A language that is adopted as a common language between structures, while descriptive metadata is about individual instances of speakers whose native languages are different. application data, or the data content. Metadata is often described as data linguist. Someone who is accomplished in languages. A student or prac- about data, or data about data context. titioner of the subject of linguistics (the scientific study of languages and metrics. Denotes the science of measuring as applied to a specific field of their structures). study. Linux. A free open-source UNIX-type operating system that runs on a morpheme. The smallest linguistic unit that has semantic meaning. number of hardware platforms. morphology. The branch of grammar that studies the structure or forms loanword. A word or phrase adopted from another language with little or of words. The main branches are inflectional morphology, derivational no modification. morphology and compounding. www.multilingual.com 2012 Resource Directory & Index 2011 MultiLingual | 53
46-58 Gloss.Acron.AdIndex.indd 53 1/12/12 9:21 AM GlossAry multilingual. Refers to software that supports more than one language OpenType fonts. OpenType fonts are cross-platform, self-contained files simultaneously, thereby allowing the end user to select multiple languages and contain advanced typographic features such as glyph substitution and and formats. This software allows data containing multiple languages to be metrics overrides. entered, processed, presented and transmitted multinationally. operating system (OS). The software that drives the hardware associated multilingual workflow system (MWS). A computer program that creates with a computer system. an environment to support and orchestrate a range of activities that facili- optical character recognition (OCR). Recognition of printed or written tate the development of multilingual products. An MWS should contain characters by a computer. Involves computer software designed to trans- a globalization management system for managing multilingual content, late images of typewritten text — usually captured by a scanner — into along with translation memory and machine translation. machine-editable text or to translate pictures of characters into a standard multimedia. In computing, multimedia describes a number of diverse tech- encoding scheme representing them in ASCII or Unicode. nologies that allow visual and audio media to be combined. Entertainment, original equipment manufacturer (OEM). OEMs buy computers in bulk education and advertising applications, among others, use a computer to and customize them for a particular application. OEMs then sell the cus- present and combine text, graphics, video, animation and sound. tomized computers under their own names. Therefore, OEMs are really the multimodal. Multimodal access for a personal computer, telephone, per- customizers and not the original manufacturers of the equipment. sonal digital assistant and other devices allows input via speech, keyboard, outsource. To hire a third-party provider to perform tasks or services often mouse, stylus and/or other methods; outputs include speech, audio and performed in-house. graphical displays. P N PanImages. From the Greek prefix pan, meaning whole or all-inclusive, an Namespaces. XML Namespaces provide a simple method for qualifying ele- image search engine that automatically translates a search term into about ment and attribute names used in Extensible Markup Language (XML) docu- 300 other languages, suggests a few that might work and then displays ments by associating them with namespaces identified by URI references. XML images from Google and the online photo database Flickr. Namespaces are the solution to the problem of ambiguity and name collisions. parser. A computer program that takes a set of sentences as input and nanosyntax. A term used to describe an approach to syntax in which syntac- identifies the structure of the sentences according to a given grammar. The tic trees are built up out of a large number of elements. Each morpheme may term parser is sometimes used generically in cases where the sentences are correspond to several such elements, which do not have to form a subtree. made up of information units of any kind. national language support (NLS). A function that allows a software appli- pay per click (PPC). An advertising technique used on websites, advertis- cation to set the locale for the user, identify the language in which the user ing networks and search engines. With search engines, PPC advertisements works, and retrieve strings — representing times, dates and other informa- are usually text ads placed near search results. When a site visitor clicks on tion — formatted correctly for the specified language and location. NLS the advertisement, the advertiser is charged a small amount. also includes support for keyboard layouts and language-specific fonts. personalization. Sometimes referred to as one-to-one marketing, per- natural language processing (NLP). A main focus of computational lin- sonalization involves using technology to accommodate the differences guistics, the aim of NLP is to devise techniques to automatically analyze among individuals. Web pages are personalized based on the characteris- large quantities of spoken (transcribed) or written text in ways that parallel tics — interests, social category, context and so on — of an individual. Per- what happens when humans perform this task. sonalization is a means of meeting the customer’s needs more effectively and efficiently, making interactions faster and easier, and, consequently, nearshoring. A form of outsourcing in which an activity — for example, increasing customer satisfaction and the likelihood of repeat visits. business processes or software development — is relocated to locations that are, generally, cheaper and yet geographically nearer than offshore phonology. The part of linguistics that deals with systems of sounds espe- cially in a particular language. locations. pinyin. More formally Hanyu pinyin, the most commonly used Romanization .NET. Microsoft platform for applications that work over the internet. system for Standard Mandarin. Hanyu is the Han (Chinese) language, and netizen. A blend of internet and citizen, a person actively involved in pinyin means phonetics or, more literally, spelling sound or spelled sound. online communities. Netizens use the internet to engage in activities of plug-ins. Software modules that add a specific feature or service to a the extended social groups of the web — for example, giving and receiving larger system. viewpoints, furnishing information, fostering the internet as an intellectual and social resource, and making choices for the self-assembled communi- porteño. A common reference to the people of Buenos Aires, Argentina. In ties. Generally, a netizen can be any user of the worldwide, unstructured Spanish, it literally describes a person who is from a port city, and is also forums of the internet. used as an adjective for anything related to those port cities. notified bodies. Organizations designated by the national governments of the pretranslation. Involves the preparation of files for translation where the member states of the European Union as being competent to make indepen- existing files already contain related segments of previously translated dent judgments about whether or not a product complies with the protection data. Only 100% matches are replaced, with the result being a set of files — essential safety — requirements laid down by each CE marking directive. containing both source and target language terminology. project management (PM). The systematic planning, organizing and O controlling of allocated resources to accomplish project cost, time and per- offshore outsourcing (offshoring). The practice of engaging a third-party formance objectives. PM is normally reserved for focused, nonrepetitive, provider in another country — often on another continent or “shore” — to time-limited activities with some degree of risk. perform tasks or services often performed in-house. project manager. A professional in the field of project management. He or she has the responsibility of the planning, execution and closing of ontology. An explicit formal specification of how to represent the objects, any project. Key project management responsibilities include creating clear concepts and other entities that are assumed to exist in some area of inter- and attainable project objectives, building the project requirements and est and the relationships that hold among them. managing the triple constraint for projects — cost, time and scope. open-source software. Any computer software distributed under a license prosumer. This word is becoming fairly common but can be confusing, and has that allows users to change and/or share the software freely. End users two meanings. Futurist Alvin Toffler in his 1980 book The Third Wave coined have the right to modify and redistribute the software, as well as the right the word as a blend of producer and consumer when he predicted that the role to package and sell the software. of producers and consumers would begin to blur and merge. Toffler used it to OpenI18N certification. A certification program that uses an indepen- describe a possible future type of consumer who would become involved in the dent authority to verify whether a Linux distribution is adhering to the design and manufacture of products so that they could be made to individual industry-developed internationalization standard. specification. The second usage describes a purchaser of technical equipment 54 | MultiLingual 2012 Resource Directory & Index 2011 [email protected]
46-58 Gloss.Acron.AdIndex.indd 54 1/12/12 9:21 AM GlossAry who wants to obtain goods of a better quality than consumer items, but can’t Segmentation Rules eXchange (SRX). The vendor-neutral standard for afford professional items — older terms for goods of this intermediate quality are describing how translation and other language-processing tools segment semi-professional and industrial quality. Here, the word is a blend of professional text for processing. It allows translation memory and other linguistic tools and consumer. to describe the language-specific processes by which text is broken into pseudo-localization. Translates the code strings of a product into “pseudo- segments (usually sentences or paragraphs) for further processing. strings.” The resulting “pseudo-language” is designed to test the impact semantic. Part of the structure of language, along with phonology, mor- that different aspects of localization have on the product’s functionality phology, syntax and pragmatics, which involves understanding the mean- and appearance. ing of words, sentences and texts. pseudo-translation. Similar to a test run that seeks to copy the translation Semantic Web. An extension of the worldwide web that provides a com- process rather than actually produce a translation. A text string is taken mon framework allowing data to be shared and reused across application, and put through a translation-like process that alters it and produces a new enterprise and community boundaries. It is based on Resource Description string. The text string is frequently changed as a result of this process, so Framework (RDF), which integrates a variety of applications using XML for pseudo-translation is done to illustrate the potential problems that may syntax and URLs for naming. occur when the translation is actually done. serious games. Computer and video games that are intended to not only entertain users, but have additional purposes such as education and training. Q They can be similar to educational games and are primarily focused on an quality assurance (QA). The activity of providing evidence needed to audience outside of primary or secondary education. A serious game is usu- establish confidence among all concerned that quality-related activities ally a simulation that has the look and feel of a game, but is actually a simu- are being performed effectively. All those planned or systematic actions lation of real-world events or processes. The main goal of a serious game is necessary to provide adequate confidence that a product or service will usually to train or educate users, though it may have other purposes, such satisfy given requirements for quality. QA covers all activities from design, as marketing or advertisement, while giving them an enjoyable experience. development, production and installation to servicing and documentation. service-oriented architecture (SOA). A software architectural concept that defines the use of services to support the requirements of software users. R sight translation. With sight translation, the input is visual (the written radical. The root or base form of a word. The building blocks of Chinese word) rather than oral (the spoken word). Reading comprehension is an characters of which the most common set contains 214 radicals. Radicals important element of sight translation. themselves are composed of strokes. simple object access protocol (SOAP). A standard for exchanging XML- Resource Description Framework (RDF). A formal data model from the based messages over a computer network, normally using HTTP. World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) for machine understandable metadata Simplified Chinese. Refers to one of two standard Chinese character sets used to provide standard descriptions of web resources. of printed contemporary Chinese written language, officially simplified by return on investment (ROI). In finance, the ratio of money gained or lost the government of the People’s Republic of China in an attempt to pro- on an investment relative to the amount of money invested. The amount mote literacy. Simplified Chinese is used in mainland China and Singapore, of money gained or lost may be referred to as interest, profit/loss, gain/ modified to be written with fewer strokes per character. loss or net income/loss. simship. A term used to refer to the simultaneous shipment of software prod- right-to-left languages. Languages such as Hebrew, Arabic, Urdu and ucts in different languages or with other distinguishing differences in design. Farsi are written primarily right to left. This text flow presents significant simultaneous interpreting. The interpreter reformulates the message into text and graphic layout implications. the target language as quickly as possible while the source speaker is speak- romaji. The application of the Latin alphabet to write the Japanese lan- ing. Normally, in simultaneous interpreting between spoken languages, the guage. Japanese who have attended elementary school since World War II interpreter sits at a microphone in a soundproof booth, usually with a have been taught to read and write romanized Japanese. Therefore, almost clear view of the speaker, listening through headphones to the incoming all Japanese are able to read and write Japanese using romaji. message in the source language. The interpreter then relays the message in romanization. In linguistics, the representation of a word or language with the target language into the microphone to whoever is listening. the Roman (Latin) alphabet, or a system for doing so, where the original single-source concept. Documentation according to single-source concept word or language uses a different writing system. means using a common source to provide documentation in several output rule-based machine translation (RBMT). The application of sets of lin- formats (printed manual, online help). guistic rules that are defined as correspondences between the structure social games. In this context, a social network game, a type of online of the source language and that of the target language. The first stage game distributed primarily through social networks such as Facebook. involves analyzing the input text for morphology and syntax — and some- Social games are usually characterized by community, often built around times semantics — to create an internal representation. The translation the existing social network, and the ability to drop in and out of the game is then generated from this representation using extensive lexicons with without ever winning or losing. morphological, syntactic and semantic information, and large sets of rules. social media. Refers to the web-based and mobile technologies used to turn communication into an interactive dialogue. It builds on the ideologi- S cal and technological foundations of Web 2.0, and typically allows for the SAE J2450. A translation quality metric developed by a subcommittee of the creation and exchange of user-generated content. Social media can take on Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) for use in the automotive industry. many different forms, including internet forums, social networking sites, Sanskrit. A historical Indo-Aryan language and the primary liturgical blogs, microblogging, wikis and interactive visual media. language of Hinduism, Jainism and Mahayana Buddhism. Currently, it is social network. An online service, platform or site that focuses on building an official language of the state of Uttarakhand in northern India. social relations among people, who, for example, share interests or activi- search engine. A program designed to help find information stored on a ties. A social network service essentially consists of a representation of computer system such as the worldwide web or a personal computer. A each user (often a profile), his or her social links and a variety of additional search engine allows a user to ask for content meeting specific criteria — services. Most social network services are web-based and provide means typically those containing a given word, phrase or name — and retrieves a for users to interact over the internet. Facebook, LinkedIn and Foursquare list of references that match those criteria. are popular social networks used for different purposes. search engine optimization (SEO). A set of methods aimed at improving the source language (SL). A language that is to be translated into another ranking of a website in search engine listings. SEO is primarily concerned language. with advancing the goals of a website by improving the number and position South America. A continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the West- of its organic search results for a wide variety of relevant keywords. ern Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere. It is bordered on www.multilingual.com 2012 Resource Directory & Index 2011 MultiLingual | 55
46-58 Gloss.Acron.AdIndex.indd 55 1/12/12 9:21 AM GlossAry the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east by the Atlantic by some overseas Chinese communities, especially those originating from Ocean; North America and the Caribbean Sea lie to the northwest. the aforementioned regions/countries or who emigrated before the wide- standard generalized markup language (SGML). An international stan- spread adoption of simplified characters in the People’s Republic of China. dard for information exchange that prescribes a standard format for using translation. The process of converting all of the text or words from the descriptive markup within a document, defining three document layers: source language to the target language. An understanding of the context structure, content and style. or meaning of the source language must be established in order to convey statistical machine translation (SMT). A machine translation paradigm the same message in the target language. where translations are generated on the basis of statistical models whose translation memory (TM). A special database that stores previously parameters are derived from the analysis of bilingual text corpora. SMT translated sentences which can then be reused, in full or in part, on a is the translation of text from one human language to another by a com- sentence-by-sentence basis. The database matches source to target lan- puter that learned how to translate from vast amounts of translated text. guage pairs. streaming. Streaming allows a computer user to see and hear an audio/ Translation Memory eXchange (TMX). Based on XML, an open standard video file as it is transferred. Player programs for platforms such as that has been designed to simplify and automate the process of converting Windows Media, RealNetworks and QuickTime (available free) must be translation memories from one format to another. downloaded to decompress audio/video files for listening or viewing. Streaming video is usually sent from prerecorded video files, but can be translation memory system. A tool for computer-aided translation. The broadcast live. translation memory (TM) stores the original text and its human translation in manageable units. The TM system proposes the translation whenever supply chain management (SCM). An electronic alternative to the tradi- tional paper chain, enabling participating suppliers to access up-to-date the same or a similar unit occurs again. company information and enabling companies to better manage and track translation portal. A website or service that offers a broad array of supply and demand. resources via the internet, thus providing a marketplace for translation sustaining engineering. Engineering and technical support that follows agencies, freelance translators and customers to exchange services. release of requirements and specifications in the path to deliver an end translation unit (TU). A segment of a text that the translator treats as a product. Sustaining engineers are responsible for a system’s upkeep, and single cognitive unit for the purposes of establishing an equivalence. The monitoring the data it creates. translation unit may be a single word, a phrase, one or more sentences or syllabary. A table of syllables or more specifically a set of the syllabic even a larger unit. symbols/characters in which each character represents a syllable, used in transliteration. To write or print a letter or word using the closest cor- certain languages such as Japanese. responding letters of a different alphabet or language. A systematic way syntax. The study of the rules whereby words or other elements of sen- to convert characters in one alphabet or phonetic sounds into another tence structure are combined to form grammatical sentences. alphabet. truncation. Truncating text lines in the display means leaving out any T text on a line that does not fit within the right margin of the window target language (TL). The language that a source text is being translated displaying it. Also, in database searching, the addition of a symbol at the into. end of a word or word stem so the computer will look for all variants of TBCS-EUC. A triple-byte character set (TBCS) encoded according to the the word. specification of the extended UNIX code (EUC). 24/7. An abbreviation for 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, including holi- telephone interpreting. The interpreter, who is usually based in a remote days and days otherwise that may alter limitations of work. In commerce location, provides interpretation via telephone for two individuals who do and industry, 24/7 identifies a service that will be present regardless of not speak the same language. Most often, telephone interpreting is per- the current time or day, as might be offered by a restaurant, gas station, formed in the consecutive mode. This means that the interpreter listens to manned datacenter, supermarket or help information line. each utterance first and then proceeds to render it into the other language, tweet. A post or status update on Twitter, a micro-blogging service. as opposed to speaking and listening simultaneously. Tweets are text-based posts of up to 140 characters displayed on the terminology management. Primarily concerned with manipulating termi- author’s profile page. nological resources for specific purposes — for example, establishing Twitter. A social networking and microblogging service, owned and oper- repositories of terminological resources for publishing dictionaries, ated by Twitter, Inc., that enables its users to send and read other user maintaining terminology databases, ad hoc problem solving in finding messages called tweets. multilingual equivalences in translation work or creating new terms in technical writing. Terminology management software provides the trans- lator a means of automatically searching a given terminology database U for terms appearing in a document, either by automatically displaying uncial writing. A majuscule script commonly used from the third to the terms in the translation memory software interface window or through eighth centuries CE by Latin and Greek scribes. the use of hotkeys to view the entry in the terminology database. Unicode. The Unicode Worldwide Character Standard (Unicode) is a char- terminology manager. A computer technology application tool that acter encoding standard used to represent text for computer processing. assists in the translation of text from one spoken language to another. Originally designed to support 65,000 characters, it now has encoding tidy functions. Tidy is a binding for the Tidy HTML clean and repair util- forms to support more than one million characters. ity that allows a user to not only clean and otherwise manipulate HTML Unicode transfer format (UTF-8). An encoding form of Unicode that documents, but also traverse the document tree. supports ASCII for backward compatibility and covers the characters for time-to-market. The length of time it takes from a product being con- most languages in the world. ceived until it is available for sale. Time-to-market is crucial in industries uniform resource identifier, uniform resource locator (URI, URL). Short where products are outdated quickly. strings that identify resources on the web: documents, images, download- token (tokenization). The fundamental elements making up the text of a able files, services, electronic mailboxes and other resources. C program. Tokens are identifiers, keywords, constants, strings, operators United Arab Emirates (UAE). A federation of seven emirates, each and other separators. White space — such as spaces, tabs, new lines and administered by a hereditary emir, situated in the southeast of the Arabian comments — is ignored except where it is necessary to separate tokens. Peninsula in Southwest Asia on the Persian Gulf, bordering Oman and Traditional Chinese. A Chinese character set that is consistent with the Saudi Arabia. The UAE consists of Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ras Al original Chinese ideographic form that is several thousand years old. Khaimah, Ajman, Umm Al Qaiwain and Fujairah. An emirate is a political Today, traditional characters are used in Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau and territory that is ruled by a dynastic Muslim monarch-styled emir. 56 | MultiLingual 2012 Resource Directory & Index 2011 [email protected]
46-58 Gloss.Acron.AdIndex.indd 56 1/12/12 9:21 AM GlossAry Universal Learning Format (ULF). A modular set of XML-based formats web service. A collection of protocols and standards used for exchanging for capturing and exchanging various types of e-learning data. data between applications or systems. Universal Terminology eXchange (UTX). A format for user-created whispering interpreting. Also called chuchotage, the interpreter sits or dictionaries with source language and target language entries. UTX is stands next to the intended audience and interprets simultaneously in a intended to absorb the differences between various formats for machine whisper. This mode does not require any equipment. Whispered interpreta- translation. UTX can be used for other purposes, especially in the domain tion is often used in situations when the majority of a group speaks one of natural language processing. language, and a limited number of people do not speak the source language. UNIX. A multiuser, multitasking operating system. It was one of the first Win 32/64. Refers primarily to the number of bits that can be processed operating systems to be written in a higher level programming language, or transmitted in parallel, or the number of bits used for a single element thus making it hardware-independent. in a data format in a Windows operating system. usability. The ease that users experience in navigating an interface, locat- Written Chinese. Written Chinese refers to the thousands of symbols or ing information and obtaining knowledge over the internet. Chinese characters used to represent spoken Chinese, along with rules and conventions about how they are arranged and punctuated. Chinese V characters do not constitute an alphabet or a compact syllabary. Instead, variable. In computer programming, variables enable programmers to they are built up from simpler parts representing objects or abstract write flexible programs. Rather than entering data directly into a program, notions, although most characters do contain some indication of their a programmer can use variables to represent the data. Then, when the pronunciation. program is executed, the variables are replaced with real data. This makes it possible for the same program to process different sets of data. X vector-based. Refers to software and hardware that use geometrical for- XML Localization Interchange File Format (XLIFF). An XML-based mulas to represent images (same as object-oriented graphics). format for exchanging localization data. Standardized by OASIS in April video game. A game that involves interaction with a user interface to 2002 and aimed at the localization industry, XLIFF specifies elements generate visual feedback on a video device. The electronic systems used to and attributes to aid in localization. XLIFF could be used to exchange play a video game are known as platforms; examples of these are personal data between companies, such as a software publisher and a localization computers and video game consoles. These platforms are broad in range, vendor, or between localization tools, such as translation memory systems from large computers to small handheld devices. and machine translation systems. voiceover. Refers to a production technique where a disembodied voice is XML (eXtensible Markup Language). A programming language/specifi- broadcast live or prerecorded in radio, television, film, theater and/or pre- cation pared down from SGML, an international standard for the publica- sentation. The voiceover may be spoken by someone who also appears on- tion and delivery of electronic information, designed especially for web screen in other segments or it may be performed by a specialist voice actor. documents. VoiceXML. The Voice Extensible Markup Language standard enables voice XSL (eXtensible Stylesheet Language). A language for expressing style input and audio output for voice response and multimodal applications. sheets, controlling formatting and other output behavior. W Z web hit. The counting term sometimes used to measure website traffic. ZWNBS. Zero width no break space (ZWNBS) is also known as the byte The count includes every file used on a web page as a “hit” to that page. order mark (BOM) if used at the beginning of a Unicode file. It was origi- Viewing one page with six graphics would mean at least seven hits. Page nally used in the middle of Unicode files in rare instances where there was views and unique visitors are more accurate measures of website traffic. an invisible join between two characters where a line break must not occur. A new code joiner is being implemented — U+2060 WORD JOINER.
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