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Trafficking in Human Beings for Sexual and Other Purposes Situation Report 13

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Trafficking in Human Beings for Sexual and Other Purposes Situation Report 13 Trafficking in human beings for sexual and other purposes Situation report 13 RPS Rapport 2012 Situation Report 13 Trafficking in human beings for sexual and other purposes 3 Situation Report 13 Trafficking in human beings for sexual and other purposes The Swedish National Police Board hereby submits Situation Report 13 “Trafficking in human beings for sexual and other purposes” for the year 2011. The Situation Report gives the Swedish National Police Board’s scenario of the way in which the scope and spread of human trafficking in Sweden has changed since the situation report for 2010. The report is based primarily on preliminary investiga- tions and sentences as well as on information received by the police in 2011, and which concern human traf- ficking and crime related to that. The report is intend- ed primarily for the government, police special units and public authorities in general. It also contains information that may be of use by NGOs and by the general public. The report has been drawn up by Detective Super- intendent Kajsa Wahlberg of the Swedish National Police Board. Bengt Svenson Content 4 Content 1. Summary ��������������������������������������������������������������6 5. Other Swedish National Police Board 1.1 Trafficking in human beings for sexual purposes. .7 initiatives to combat human trafficking... 39 1.2 Other forms of trafficking in human beings . .8 1.3 Child trafficking for sexual and other purposes. .9 6. Analysis and recommendations ......... 40 1.4 Child trafficking for sexual purposes outside Sweden . .9 6.1 Introduction ..............................40 6.1.1 Proposed measures – All forms 2. Introduction . .11 of human trafficking . 40 2.1 The purpose of this report . .11 6.1.2 Proposed measures – Human trafficking for sexual purposes . .43 3. Criminal Development . .12 6.1.3 Proposed measures – Human trafficking 3.1 Trafficking in human beings for sexual purposes. .12 for other purposes ....................45 3.1.1 Profiles: perpetrators, organised networks . .14 6.1.4 Proposed measures – Trafficking in children 3.1.2 Victims of human trafficking for sexual for various purposes...................45 purposes ������������������������������������������������������������15 3.1.3 Modi operandi. .16 Annex 3.1.4 Human trafficking from Lithuania ����������������������17 3.1.5 Sale and purchase of sexual services 1 Reporting by the police authorities ...... 47 via the Internet in 2011 ��������������������������������������18 3.1.6 Purchase of sexual services. .20 2 Legislation in this area................. 61 3.2 Human trafficking for other purposes. .21 3.2.1 Forced labour or situations that 3 Sentences ........................... 64 involve distress. .22 3.2.2 Human trafficking for begging 4 Reported offences in 2011.............. 70 and criminal activities ����������������������������������������23 3.2.3 Exploitation of foreign berry-pickers in Sweden 24 3.2.4 Exploitation of people for tarmac and paving work ������������������������������������������������27 3.2.5 Human trafficking for other purposes: Situations that involve distress ...........28 3.3 Child trafficking for sexual and other purposes....28 3.3.1 Human trafficking for sexual purposes. .28 3.3.2 The purchase of a sexual act from a child. .29 3.3.3 Modus operandi: trafficking children with the intention of exploiting them to commit crimes. .30 3.4 Child trafficking for sexual purposes outside Sweden’s borders ��������������������������������������������������������33 4. Other National Bureau of Investigation initiatives against human trafficking . .36 Content 5 1. Summary 6 1. Summary Trafficking in human beings is, by its nature, a crime ecution authorities to develop the ability and means against the person and it is dealt with in the Swedish to work across borders. Penal Code (BrB), Chap. 4, on crimes against liberty In September 2008, the Swedish government tasked and peace (see Annex 2). Criminal liability applies to the Swedish National Police Board and the Swedish anyone who, by means of unlawful coercion, deceit, Prosecution Authority with strengthening operation- exploitation of a person’s vulnerable situation or any al initiatives to combat human trafficking crimes, other such improper means, recruits, transports, and expand the development of methodology and transfers, accommodates or receives another person, skills. This task was allocated extra funding, com- in order for the person to be exploited for sexual pur- prising SEK 4 million in 2008 and SEK 18 million poses, removal of organs, active military service, each for 2009 and 2010. In total, the police were allo- forced labour or some other purpose in a situation cated SEK 40 million of which SEK 30 million were involving distress for the victim. If the victim is under to be used for operational initiatives and SEK 10 mil- 18, the perpetrator will be convicted of human traf- lion for the development of methods and skills for the ficking even if no improper means have been used in police organisation. order to carry out the crime. Common to the circum- The increase in skills for the police authorities com- stances mentioned in the provision is that they, in var- bined with special funding from 2008-2011 has made ious ways, intend to control the victim’s free and true it possible to detect more numerous and more com- will, regardless of the intended exploitation. plex human trafficking cases. The number of police Human trafficking for sexual purposes is a crime reports, preliminary investigations initiated, and that can occur throughout the country but which, in prosecutions for human trafficking and crimes simi- 2011, has mainly been found in and around the metro- lar to human trafficking in the same period have politan areas. With regard to cases of trafficking for therefore also increased. other purposes such as forced labour, begging and committing crimes, these crimes also occur but are Police reports more widespread throughout the country. Some of Trafficking in Trafficking in these forms of exploitation, such as begging, are rela- human beings Procuring/ human beings for tively new occurrences. for sexual aggravated purposes other Year purposes procuring than sexual In all forms of human trafficking, the perpetrators 2008 15 51 8 and the victims who are forced or induced to travel to 2009 31 94 28 Sweden mostly come from countries of origin where 2010 32 120 52 there is widespread poverty, high levels of unemploy- 2011 35 86 63 ment, discrimination against groups such as women and minorities, and also a lack of any social security Statistics – National Crime Prevention Council (BRÅ) 2012 network. Usually the victims are in such a vulnerable During the period 2008-2011, the number of reported situation that they cannot turn down an offer of work cases of human trafficking for other purposes in another country, despite that offer possibly involv- increased in Sweden and also throughout the EU. ing a risk of exploitation. Increasing mobility within Among the reasons for this increase is that combating the EU and the Schengen area as a result of the aboli- these crimes has been made a priority within Europe- tion of border controls, means that criminal networks an legislative and police work, as well as nationally. are also increasingly mobile. These developments The Border Police Divisions in Stockholm and underline how important it is for the police and pros- Skåne, during that same period, were given wider 1. Summary 7 responsibility for combating human trafficking for to 32 reports in the previous year. In 2011, two people other purposes. The Swedish National Police Board’s were sentenced for human trafficking for sexual pur- skills enhancement initiatives and dissemination of poses. In addition, three people were sentenced for information also covered all forms of human traffick- aggravated procuring and eight for procuring of a ing, which led, in turn, to increased knowledge within human trafficking nature. Finally 450 legal proceed- the police organisation. The expansion of the EU also ings were initiated concerning the purchase of sexual resulted in organised crime networks changing their services and 7 legal proceedings concerning the pur- activities to include trafficking in vulnerable people chase of sexual acts from children under the age of for purposes other than sexual exploitation. At the 181. More preliminary investigations into human traf- same time, this crime was given a great deal of cover- ficking, procurement and the purchase of sexual ser- age in the Swedish and foreign media. vices are ongoing, for which sentences are expected to The increased mobility of people, goods, services be pronounced in 2012. and capital within and into the EU as a consequence Information received by the police during 2011 of globalisation has its counterpart in the mobility of showed that by far the majority of victims were girls criminal networks and crime. The financial and eco- and women. No boys or men were identified in 2011 nomic crisis is also compounding cross-border crime. as victims of human trafficking for sexual purposes. People who move away from areas of social, political The foreign girls and women recruited to Sweden for or economic unrest can become victims of human the purposes of prostitution came primarily from trafficking for various purposes. Eastern Europe (especially Romania, Lithuania, Estonia, Slovakia and Poland), Thailand and Nige- 1.1 Trafficking in human beings for sexual ria. Here, a change can be clearly discerned since purposes information about women from Lithuania being According to the Swedish National Police Board it is exploited for prostitution in Sweden has increased difficult to estimate how many people may have fallen significantly in 2011 compared with previous years. victim to human trafficking in Sweden during 2011. Human trafficking for sexual purposes, involving The number of victims discovered in Sweden depends victims from Romania, has been a significant prob- largely on the resources which the police put into lem for some years throughout large parts of Europe. detecting this crime and on the skills that exists with- In Sweden too, primarily in Gothenburg, the police in the police organisation.
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