BTN MAG Rev4 M2.qxp 27/11/06 15:12 Page 1

Bonneville Salt Flats in Utah, USA, are used to high speed the first and only man ever to drive at supersonic speeds when visitors. In 1914 Teddy Tezlaff drove a Blitzen Benz at 141.73mph he averaged 763.035 mph on the Black Rock Desert in Nevada. to set an unofficial record and the Salt Flats achieved Running soon after daybreak on 23rd August he recorded international fame in the Thirties through the efforts of Salt 365.779mph (588.664kph) on his first run and 335.695mph Lake City racer Ab Jenkins, who set a number of endurance (540.248kph) on his return, giving the average of 350.092mph records in his Mormon Meteor. Tales of the firmness of the (563.418kph). surface attracted legendary land speed record breaker Sir Malcolm Campbell who, on 3 September 1935, became the first As he celebrated with his jubilant crew, Green said: “I am so man to exceed 300mph with a speed of 301.129mph in his pleased that we have got the car to 350mph, which was always Bluebird. Campbell was succeeded later that decade by fellow our ultimate goal, and that was with a slow start to the second Britons George Eyston and John Cobb and, in the mid-sixties, run. There is so much more to come as the car is pulling like a American Craig Breedlove became the first man to break the train and we still haven’t used sixth gear! 400, 500, and 600mph barriers there. “Today’s record proves the potential we have always believed However, the Flats had never seen anything like JCB DIESELMAX JCB DIESELMAX to possess. This is another great result for a which, in August 2006, set and then broke a series of records to wonderful team and a testament to British engineering. What become the first diesel-powered vehicle to achieve a stunning we have is basically a digger engine that has been made into the 350mph (563kph). most powerful diesel car engine in the world.”

JCB DIESELMAX was the brainchild of JCB Chairman Sir Anthony "To have built the world's fastest diesel in such a short timescale Bamford, born of his desire to showcase the extreme is a wonderful achievement for the JCB DIESELMAX team,” said performance of the JCB444 diesel engine, which normally Dr Tim Leverton, Project Director. powers the company's backhoe loaders and Loadall telescopic handlers. With a drag coefficient of only 0.174Cd, JCB DIESELMAX is fitted with two JCB444 common rail diesel injection engines, bored out to 5000cc and fitted with specially modified twin compound Garrett turbochargers that use lightweight housings, since weight is a crucial issue. Power output is 2 x 750bhp @ 3800rpm and the engines deliver 1105 “What is even more lb ft of torque at 2500rpm. Even with two six-speed manual impressive is to set three gearboxes, the car weighs only 2700kg including fuel, oil, ice records – 317.021mph, and water coolant and driver. 328.767mph (526.027 kph) The driver was Andy Green, who set the World Land Speed and 350.092mph (563.418kph) Record in 1997 when driving ThrustSSC, with which he became in only six days.”

BTN Turbo Limited, BTN House, Arundel Road, Uxbridge Trading Estate, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 2RP, England Telephone:+44 (0)1895 466666 . www.btnturbo.com

VNT™ is a registered trademark of Honeywell International. VGT™ and Holset Command Valve™ are registered trademarks of Cummins Turbo Technologies BTN MAG Rev4 M2.qxp 27/11/06 15:12 Page 3

Welcome to Revolution Two more awards for BTN Turbo We don’t want to sound smug, but when we receive awards you’ll 4 excuse us for being proud! Another year is nearly over and what a remarkable year it’s been for the turbocharged internal combustion engine, At the recent Automechanika show in Frankfurt, Germany, we were awarded as Audi wins Le Mans (and everything else) with a diesel powered car and a tractor company reaches 350mph with a the Garrett Performance of the Year Award for 2004 and BorgWarner’s Distributor diesel engine! of the Year Award for 2005.

I hope you’ll find this issue of Revolution as interesting and informative as previous copies. Our Sales and Marketing Director, In our 32 years of trading we’ve won 22 such awards, which recognise the levels of service and expertise that have made BTN Turbo Mark Dickinson, has started a new column by looking back at the industry in a year that sees us celebrating the turbo’s the leading independent distributor of turbochargers in the world. It’s good news for us; good news for our customers; and just a 100th birthday; our technical people have given us an explanation of how modern turbochargers can vary throughput to little more polishing for our cleaners! maximise efficiency and power; and you can see how a successful racing team is marketing an upgrade kit that takes an Audi TT to 350 bhp.

It’s been another good year for BTN Turbo, too. Our initiatives, including turbo recognition from the VIN, the ‘new for old’ replacement policy on an increasing number of units and our ‘12 month no quibble’ warranty on commercial vehicle turbos have enabled us to maintain our market leading position. For more information on our services, including fault finding, build Mark’s remarks sheets and our complete catalogue, please go to www.btnturbo.com where you'll also find we've added a 'Spin Doctor' section. Industry comment from Mark Dickinson, By the time you read this Christmas will be nearly upon us. On behalf of everyone at BTN Turbo I’d like to wish you an Sales & Marketing Director of BTN Turbo enjoyable festive season and a happy, prosperous New Year. How times have changed! In this edition you can see that the turbocharger has just There are two reasons for this. The first is that, frankly, some celebrated its 100th birthday. Yet it wasn’t until the sixties that it units aren’t worth repairing. By the time we’ve stripped it, Rachel Birch was used on an American production car and it didn’t take off in obtained the parts, cleaned it, reassembled it and calibrated it, Editor European passenger cars until the seventies. Now consider that the costs add up to more than buying a new one off the shelf. BTN Turbo was founded in 1974; that means we’ve been around That’s why we’ve rationalised the range of turbos that we for about a third of the turbo’s lifetime and we were there at the remanufacture. start of the revolution on this side of the Atlantic. The other reason is the complexity of variable turbine units, such BTN’s Dealer Day plays on... despite the rain In 1974 petrol was 11.4p per litre and fuel consumption was only as Holset’s VGT™ and Garrett’s VNT™ models. They require such just becoming an issue because that year there had been a fuel sophisticated setting-up that any work other than light Just three days after the Pakistan captain Inzamam-ul-Haq was charged with ball tampering during the fourth Test, he and the crisis, which kick-started the drive for economy. Turbos were servicing is beyond the capabilities of even the most skilled rest of his team were due to entertain BTN and our guests by playing Middlesex in a one day test. used to boost power on already powerful vehicles. Diesel engines technicians. That’s why we’ll always supply ‘new for old’ when Unfortunately, torrential rain soaked the ground the night before the match. After a long discussion on the pitch, the outfield were noisy lumps used mainly in trucks and agricultural vehicles. you need a variable turbine unit. was declared unsafe and the game was called off. And our business was 100% remanufacturing. I can see that remanufacture will get even more difficult as But rain did not stop play for the BTN Dealer Day. The lunch, which was attended by seven Today, nearly 50% of all cars sold are diesel powered, and most future technology, such as the electronic controls that we’re of our top dealers and representatives from Garrett, Cummins (Holset) and BorgWarner, of them use a turbo. Diesel engines are quiet and smooth, and beginning to see, comes on board. For our customers' benefit, went ahead with delicious Indian cuisine. During the meal Ed Goodwin, Garrett's Director of the turbocharger has become a sophisticated, essential part we’ll keep on top of the latest developments, but we won’t Independent Aftermarket announced he had just become a grandfather for the first time. of the powertrain in the drive for greater efficiency and compromise on quality, safety or economy. It probably means As soon as lunch was over, everyone headed for the tenpin bowling alley near Heathrow. lower emissions. the balance will shift even further towards new units and you know you can rely on BTN Turbo to supply what you need, when The change of venue was quickly arranged following a suggestion from BTN Sales and BTN’s business has developed from the remanufacturing days to Marketing Director Mark Dickinson. you need it. the point where we have become the largest independent turbo It may come as no surprise, therefore, that the winner of the bowling challenge was the very distributors in the world, with nearly £2.5 million invested in The turbocharger has come a long way in 100 years. same Mark Dickinson! As Trevor Cass, Garrett Product Support Engineer said afterwards, new stock at our Uxbridge warehouse. We do still service, repair We’ve come a long way in the last 32 years. Personally, “Despite the cricket being cancelled, the day was great - it is all about the people you are with and remanufacture units, but times are changing, and brand I’m looking forward to the developments and challenges and they were a great bunch as usual.” new, OEM turbos now account for 80% of our business. of the next decade or so! BTN MAG Rev4 M2.qxp 27/11/06 15:12 Page 5

Tristan tears up the track!

The winner of our free draw in Issue No 2 of Revolution took to the track recently, spending a fabulous day at Silverstone. Tristan Seal, a Director of independent motor factor APD Cotswold Ltd in Gloucester, spent the day with his wife, Leanne, driving a variety of vehicles both on the track and off-road.

It was an action-packed day but some early rain meant that they had to be careful, Mark Hosken’s 350bhp Audi TT in action Top quality components fit the engine bay perfectly particularly with the Formula cars. Thankfully, it cleared up for the afternoon and Tristan went on to win two events. Race-proven turbo upgrade kit is a winner

Ask little boys what they want to be when they grow up and many Since preparing the Audi, Mark has achieved several podium for the Audi TT race car. It adds an average 120bhp over the will say “fireman” or “racing driver”. Milton Keynes-based turbo finishes including an outright first at Silverstone. standard output and is supplied complete with a Garrett dealer Mark Hosken has achieved both – and he’s still only 35! GT2860RS turbo, coupled to a cast manifold for durability and Full-time in automotive and motorsport reliable performance. The kit includes beautifully crafted, TIG He told Revolution, “The instructors pushed Scorching up the track This year, Mark resigned from the Fire Service to concentrate welded and polished stainless steel charge, inlet and down us beyond what we both thought we were “It all started with motorcycles,” he told us, “though, being a full-time on his career in motorsport and turbo distribution. capable of and the amount of grip some of pipes, together with colour co-ordinated silicone hoses with safety-conscious person, it wasn’t possible to enjoy the speed on The company name – Backdraft Motorsport – pays homage to these cars have is just phenomenal. We Hi Grip hose clips. started the day spinning doughnuts in a the roads, so I turned to the race track where I could explore the his firefighting background and covers four principal activities. Remarkably, the kit costs less than £3,000 (installation and Lotus Seven and I went on to win the Lotus full potential of some magnificent machines.“ As Mark puts it, “We are a motorsport company. We specialise in remapping not included) and can be installed in a couple of Extreme challenge - three laps around the developing and producing complete turbo upgrade kits. We sell Mark then turned to four wheels. “ I raced the superb Formula days, either at Backdraft Motorsport, a fitting centre or by any main circuit, which was great! The one event OE and upgrade turbos to the motor trade and retail. We build Honda Single Seater made by Jedi for two successful seasons, workshop with a good working knowledge of turbocharging. that neither of us was really looking forward and prepare race vehicles and we prepare and race our own race to was the pit stop challenge where, as a reaching second place in the scholarship class in both years. In Mark is in the process of establishing a network of approved car.” With the support of BTN Turbo, Backdraft team, we had to change the wheels and 2002, whilst testing cars for a TV programme, I came across the fitting centres, so if you’re interested please give him a call on Motorsport offers a next- driver on a Formula 2000 car. This turned awesome Ariel Atom 2 and, by 2004, we had successfully turned 01908 676140. day service for all out to be a real scream and we pulled this fast road car into a race winning machine.” together as a team and won it: in fact, we replacement turbos. Safety first set a time that was almost eight seconds Audi TT bosted to 350bhp The first turbo It might be down to Mark’s firefighting background, but he is faster than any team that our instructors His next project was the car you see on these pages: an Audi TT upgrade kit is unique in that his after sales service includes safety precautions had ever seen before." that displays all of Mark’s expertise in race car preparation. The for the for his customers. “Fitting a turbo upgrade can turn a car into a bit Tristan recommends that anyone interested 4WD Audi has the chassis Mark was looking for, and an engine Volkswagen, of a beast”, he says. “If you’re not prepared for it, you can go wrong in performance cars should save up and that has proved itself as the prototype for a turbo upgrade kit that Audi and Seat 1.8T on the first bend. I like to spend time with my customers, showing treat themselves to the Silverstone Track and pushes the output to 350bhp! Rally Experience, saying, “The day was engine, as developed them how to handle the car in a way that is fun and safe." fantastic - the only drawback was that it was all over too soon.” BTN MAG Rev4 M2.qxp 27/11/06 15:12 Page 7

The semi-electric age is upon us

The current trend is towards the hybrid car - that is, a vehicle that combines a petrol or diesel engine with an electric motor, charged by a generator that is active during deceleration and the otherwise unused kinetic energy generated by braking. At start-up and low speeds, the electric motor powers the car. The carbon fuelled engine kicks in under acceleration and, at mid- range speeds, both motors work together to Advanced production facilities for commercial vehicle turbochargers Turbocompounding introduces a power turbine behind the main turbo maximise efficiency.

Heavy duty diesel turbocompounding Virtually every mass car maker is working on the technology. Toyota, Honda and Lexus Cummins Turbo Technologies Cummins Turbo Technologies pioneered the introduction of turbocompounding already have hybrid models on the market; on production diesel engines, in partnership with Scania, as long ago as 1993. Volkswagen and Audi are co-operating world leaders in turbochargers for commercial vehicles. The concept was tried in the 1940s on aircraft engines, but the promise of low with Porsche to develop a range of petrol- fuel consumption for transport aircraft was overtaken by the development of electric hybrid engines; Ford has launched the Escape hybrid SUV in America; and Cummins Turbo Technologies are the world leaders in the design and manufacture of commercial gas turbine and turboprop engines. DaimlerChrysler, Nissan, Peugeot, BMW, turbochargers. Its range of Holset® turbochargers can be found breathing life into an ever larger number of The principle introduces a power turbine downstream of the turbocharger, which Land Rover and General Motors among the world’s diesel engines. generates more work by re-using the exhaust gases that have passed through others have all shown hybrid concept cars.

The ‘Holset’ success story began in 1948, in Huddersfield, when W C Holmes became interested in the turbo. This work is fed back into the engine crankshaft through a General Motors, DaimlerChrysler and the manufacturing the flexible couplings designed by Louis Croset. In 1952, with a name created from the HOL sophisticated transmission. The main benefit is increased overall thermal BMW Group have formed a cooperative of Holmes and the SET of Croset, Holset Engineering Company Limited was established with Paul Croset, efficiency, providing more power and using less fuel. effort called the Global Hybrid Cooperation, which is actively developing the next OBE as Managing Director. In 1973 the company became part of Cummins Inc, a $9.9 billion corporation Holset Command Valve™ generation hybrid powertrain system. of complementary business units that design, manufacture, distribute and service engines and related Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) wastegate technology is well established on small, technologies, including fuel systems, controls, air handling, filtration, emission solutions and electrical passenger car petrol engines. However, for accurate control of the air-fuel ratio, power generation systems. In May 2006, as part of Cummins’ new branding strategy, Holset Engineering Hybrid cars in external control of gas flow through precise regulation of the wastegate is essential. Co Ltd was renamed Cummins Turbo Technologies Ltd. However, the company will continue to brand its Formula 1? products with the internationally renowned ‘Holset’ name. Cummins Turbo Technologies and its partners faced a number of challenges in developing their PWM hardware known as Holset Command Valve™ for the medium The president of the FIA has announced that From the start, the company focused solely on medium to heavy-duty diesel engine technology, and and heavy diesel market. It had to maintain durability over a service life of up to he would like to make a form of hybrid continues to do so to this day. Its key strategies are product development and partnership: Cummins Turbo engine mandatory in Formula 1 from 2010. 1,000,000 miles and withstand sustained temperatures well above those experienced Technologies has an impressive track record of being first to market with many air handling technologies The technology would be similar in principle in light vehicle turbocharger environments. In addition, customer input showed that and works closely with its customers to integrate those technologies into their engine developments. to current hybrids but is not aimed at making ease of installation and reliability as well as cost were prime considerations. F1 cars cruise around circuits more sedately The company will Technology for today: Holset VGT® After an extensive test programme, the chosen solution was a metal bodied and fuel-efficiently. It will require the energy continue to brand One of Cummins Turbo Technologies’ key innovations is its Holset VGT® technology. The patented sliding valve mounted directly into a boss on the compressor cover by a single large generated by the car’s braking system to be its products with stored to provide brief bursts of ‘free’ extra vanes vary the area of the nozzle and thus control the flow through the turbine to give good transient thread, sealed by three O-rings. power. On the basis of current technological the internationally response; better fuel economy; increased useful engine operating speed range; knowledge, the system would provide about renowned ‘Holset’ Electronic integration enhanced compression brake capability; reduced engine swept volume and 60 extra horsepower for about nine seconds name Cummins Turbo Technologies was one of the first turbocharger companies to package size for a given rating; and higher pressure ratio compressors. in each lap, which could help eradicate F1’s (See Spin Doctor in this issue.) offer electronic inputs from the turbocharger to the engine ECU to ensure the much-criticised lack of overtaking. extraction of maximum product performance without jeopardising durability or Cast titanium compressors It is argued that teams are spending reliability. Electronic sensing of turbocharger speed was originally developed for hundreds of millions of pounds on ‘sterile’ In 1997, Cummins Turbo Technologies was the first turbocharger the Holset VGT™ and further development has enabled the company to offer development of extra power from current producer to offer cast titanium compressor technology, which provides this capability in any Holset turbocharger using induction probe technology. conventional engines, when F1 should be enhanced levels of mechanical strength without compromising the Further inputs, including compressor inlet air temperature measurement and showing a technological lead to make future sophisticated blade geometry. pre-turbine pressure measurement, can also be offered. road cars more environmentally friendly. BTN MAG Rev4 M2.qxp 27/11/06 15:12 Page 9

Diesel ship and locomotive applications began in the 1920s. Turbo-diesels are an ideal Happy 100th birthday to marriage, because there's no throttle to stall the air delivered by the compressor. Turbo- chargers hit the road in diesel trucks beginning in Europe in 1949. A year later, Cummins the turbocharger added turbos designed by Buchi - then in his seventies - to American-made diesels. Cummins also sponsored turbocharging's racing debut. In 1952, a turbo-diesel roadster A century ago, just twenty years after the invention of the automobile driven by Fred Agabashian qualified on the Indy 500 pole and led for 100 miles before (see left), Swiss engineer Alfred Buchi was studying steam turbines when dropping out when tyre debris clogged the turbo. inspiration struck: why not spin the wheel with exhaust from an internal Oldsmobile offered the world's first turbocharged production automobile, the 1962 combustion engine and use the recovered energy to force-feed the intake F-85 Jetfire V-8. The F-85 arrived just ahead of Chevrolet's Corvair Monza Spyder (later side? It was a brilliant concept, since roughly a third of the energy in fuel Corsa), but the Corvair demonstrated more staying power. Nearly 50,000 turbo Corvairs is normally squandered out the tailpipe. were sold during five model years versus fewer than 10,000 Jetfires delivered in its two- year run. Garry Podmore The first The first applications were for aeroplanes, and the results were promising. In an early experiment conducted after World War I, General Electric engineer Sanford The Turbo Offy first ran at Indy in 1966 and started winning two years later. At its peak 'PROPER' Moss fitted a turbo to a Liberty V-12 aircraft engine and conducted high-altitude in 1973, it generated 1000+ hp for qualifying. Concurrently, Porsche was leading the testing. Without the turbo, the V-12's 354 hp at sea level dropped to 230 hp at Can Am series with its 1100hp 917/30. Turbos dominated Le Mans beginning in 1976 motorcar altitude. Boosted by a ten-inch-diameter turbo, the blown Liberty cranked out and one year later invaded Formula 1. 377 hp at 14,000 feet. Inevitably, success on the track triggered the modern era of turbocharged production models. BMW launched a 2002 Turbo for Europe in 1973. Porsche presented the first It’s official – the automobile is 120 years GE's timing was late for the First World War 911 Turbo at the 1974 Paris Motor Show. Buick joined the throng in 1977, Mercedes- old. Controversy has raged over who but perfect for the next global conflict. Vastly fitted the first engine to a set of wheels, Benz (diesel) and Saab in 1978, followed by Pontiac in 1980 and Volvo in 1981. improved turbochargers gave Allied bombers but it was in 1886 that Karl Benz applied and fighters major range and altitude During the last quarter-century, the list of car manufacturers offering turbocharged for a patent for his motorised vehicle. advantages throughout World War II. More models is longer than the tally of those who don't. From backyard tuners to luxury With the German Reich Patent No. than 300,000 turbocharged aero engines were limousine manufacturers, they've all relied on Buchi's turbocharger, the most efficient 37435a, granted in November of the manufactured by GE and Ford. Liberty V-12 aero engine with ten-inch-diemeter turbo horsepower helper ever invented. Garry Jones same year, his Patent Motor Car, as this three-wheeled vehicle has since been known, received official recognition as the world’s first automobile.

It was the individualised technology that secured the Benz Patent Motor Car this Putting a face to the name.... status. Unlike other inventors, Benz did not merely install an internal combustion In this issue of Revolution, we’d like to introduce you to two men called Garry, and Garry Jones engine into an existing coach chassis, two of our newest members of staff. Next up is Garry Jones, who has overseen Commercial Operations for BTN for 15 years. thereby making it capable of autonomous He’s a real family man who likes nothing better than playing in the park with his children; Garry Podmore motion (Greek ‘auto’, Latin ‘mobil’). His Our first Garry is Operations Director Garry Podmore, often known simply as he sees BTN as ‘family’ too and loves the fact that it is a close-knit, friendly team. design extended to the entire car, because ‘Poddy’. He is responsible for all operations, infrastructure and production at He recalls an enquiry he received last year for a turbo for a coach. “What year is it?” he he appreciated that a vehicle powered by Uxbridge – a wide-ranging brief that reflects his experience in the turbo industry Lisa Holah an internal combustion engine was asked. “2005 – you should know that!” came the reply. “No, what year is the bus?” he and his eleven years at BTN. subject to engineering principles quite queried, to be told, “I don’t know, but it’s a 57 seater!” different from those applying to a horse- He’s known Sales and Marketing Director Mark Dickinson for many years, having Lisa Holah and Mark McKervey drawn carriage. worked with him at Lucas Turbocentre where he was Factory Manager in the early Those of you who contact BTN regularly may already have spoken to Customer Services nineties. With his extensive background in remanufacturing and production, Garry Benz created innovative technology with Executive Lisa, who joined the team in August of this year. She is very familiar with the was the obvious person to approach when BTN needed a Production Manager to classic engineering methods: a small automotive environment, having spent most of her life in the company of mechanics, work with Ken Tilsed (the ‘T’ of BTN). horizontal, single-cylinder four-stroke including a spell running a garage in Portugal with her ex-husband. A keen dancer and engine running on gasoline, electric Garry’s attitude of ‘Always do your best, with no half measures’ saw him rise to the reader, she also likes the friendly atmosphere at BTN and enjoys dealing with customers ignition, carburettor, water-cooled board and he still gets a lot of satisfaction from helping the Sales team to resolve and sorting out their queries. radiator, steering and a tubular frame. issues and leave customers with a smile. Mark is another Customer Services Executive, who arrived in October. He knew what to So next time the question “Who invented A former footballer (two broken legs, fortunately not at the same time, told him expect, as his cousin already works for BTN. Mark’s interests include supporting Liverpool the motor car?” comes up in a pub quiz, when it was time to retire), he now plays golf with a passion and a handicap of 22. FC and reading, especially military books; he is an Army Cadet Instructor in his spare remember to quote Benz’s patent number! He is particularly keen to let everyone know about his hole in one! time and was recently promoted to Sergeant. Mark McKervey BTN MAG Rev4 M2.qxp 27/11/06 15:12 Page 11

Peugeot unveils Garrett- SPIN DOCTOR Speed sensor connector boosted diesel Le Mans Compressor housing contender

VGT pneumatic actuator

VGT actuating yoke Speed sensor

VGT push rod Turbine wheel VGT nozzle ring

Turbine housing Following the phenomenal success of Audi’s diesel-powered VGT shroud plate R8 and R10 sports cars – the R8 won the Le Mans 24 Hour race five times between 2000 and 2005 and the R10 triumphed in every race it entered this year - Peugeot has revealed a challenger. The Peugeot 908 that will compete at Le Mans and in the ‘Le Mans Series’ in 2007 will be powered by a V12 HDi diesel engine with a capacity of 5.5 litres - the maximum capacity permitted by the regulations.

The choice of a 12 cylinder engine helps keep the cylinder Varying throughput for better response and economy bore diameter very close to that of a production series engine. In doing so, Peugeot can call on its extensive knowledge of diesel combustion and also ensure the engine has a Producing a turbocharger for an engine that only runs at one speed and load would be easy. However, vehicle actuator, or by the engine management system using a reasonable piston stroke. The V12 architecture, well known for engines are constantly changing speed and, when a turbocharger is fitted, it has to do its best to deliver the pneumatic actuator that harnesses air pressure from the its good balance, also reduces engine vibrations to a best possible response under ever-varying conditions. vehicle’s braking system. minimum and the 100° V angle makes it possible to lower the height of the engine's centre of gravity without affecting the In the last issue of Revolution we looked at wastegates: valves that allow some of the exhaust to flow around VGT™ and VNT™ turbos therefore provide improved transient engine's torsional rigidity. the turbine instead of through it. This limits the turbine power at high speed when more exhaust energy is response (i.e. reduced ‘turbo lag’); better fuel economy; The two exhaust systems are kept as short as possible. On available than is needed to drive the compressor and allows the use of a smaller turbine, sized to generate boost increased useful engine operating speed range and torque, each side a six-into-one exhaust manifold is connected to a at low engine speed (i.e. when the wastegate is closed) without overboosting at high speed. improving drivability and response; reduced emissions; and Garrett turbocharger, then to a very compact diesel they allow manufacturers to build engines with a smaller particulate filter, before ending in a side exhaust pipe located This system offers smooth and simple control, but still does not deliver the perfect solution. The exhaust energy capacity and package size for a given rating. in front of the rear wheel. bypassed around the turbine is wasted (hence the name wastegate). At high speed a turbine with a larger Peugeot expects power output to exceed 700 bhp and torque nozzle could use all the exhaust flow and generate power with less exhaust backpressure. The drawback is that these turbochargers are complex bits of in excess of 885 lb ft. This should make the 2007 season a machinery that require immense knowledge and facilities to In the next issue Turbocharger manufacturers realised that the ideal system would have an adjustable turbine nozzle that acted nailbiter between the Germans and the French but, whoever build and maintain. For that reason, they are beyond the wins, Garrett will be sharing the podium! of Revolution like a small turbine for fast response at low speeds and a large turbine for maximum power and efficiency at remanufacture capabilities of even the most advanced turbo Oil - it's vital to high speeds. It should also be possible to open it fully to minimise backpressure when boost is not needed. This specialist except for light servicing, and the manufacturers do keep your turbo led to the development of turbochargers with movable vanes, the two most popular being Holset’s Variable not release spare parts. That is why BTN Turbo, as an official turning Geometry Turbocharger, or VGT™, and Garrett’s Variable Nozzle Turbine, or VNT™. aftermarket distributor for Garrett and Holset, now only In both of these technologies, the vanes rotate by sliding or pivoting to change the area of the nozzle, or throat, supplies brand new VGT™ and VNT™ turbochargers (on a new that the exhaust gases pass through. The smaller the nozzle, the faster the gas velocity, providing more turbine or exchange basis) instead of remanufactured units. power and more boost. The vanes then gradually open as exhaust flow increases, to minimise exhaust back This is not only the most cost-effective solution: it means that pressure, control boost pressure, improve fuel economy and increase horsepower. In effect, it does act as a small our customers have peace of mind, knowing that the turbo as low rpm and a large turbo at high rpm. replacement turbo is identical to the original – it’s exactly the The throat section modulation can be controlled directly by the compressor pressure through the use of a pressure same turbo that you would receive from the OEM.