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Native American Traditional Cultural Properties Study Privileged/Confidential Don Pedro Project Ferc No

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Native American Traditional Cultural Properties Study Privileged/Confidential Don Pedro Project Ferc No NATIVE AMERICAN TRADITIONAL CULTURAL PROPERTIES STUDY PRIVILEGED/CONFIDENTIAL DON PEDRO PROJECT FERC NO. 2299 Prepared for: Turlock Irrigation District – Turlock, California Modesto Irrigation District – Modesto, California Prepared by: Applied EarthWorks, Inc. 133 N. San Gabriel Blvd., Suite 201 Pasadena, CA 91106-0119 April 2015 The Native American elders that provided the privileged/confidential information used in the document titled Native American Traditional Cultural Properties Study, Don Pedro Project (FERC No. 2299) (prepared by Applied EarthWorks, Inc., for Turlock Irrigation District and Modesto Irrigation District) have granted permission for this information to be made available to the public. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In Memoriam (1941-2014) Sonny Hendricks, Tuolumne Me-Wuk elder and consultant for this study. (Photo by John Lytle, courtesy of Shelly Davis-King.) The Native American Traditional Cultural Properties (TCP) study reported here was made possible by the efforts and contributions of many individuals. Foremost, I am grateful to the Native Americans who variously attended meetings, consented to be interviewed, participated in field visits to cultural sites in the Project area, examined Don Pedro archaeological collections at San Francisco State University (SFSU), generously shared their knowledge about traditional cultural practices, offered valuable comments on a draft of the present report, and/or otherwise supported this study: . Tom Carsoner, Tuolumne Band of Me-Wuk Indians . Jerry Cox, Tuolumne Band of Me-Wuk Indians . Robert “Stanley” Cox, Tuolumne Band of Me-Wuk Indians . Kevin Day, Tribal Chair, Tuolumne Band of Me-Wuk Indians . Reba Fuller, Tuolumne Band of Me-Wuk Indians and Spokesperson, Central Sierra Me- Wuk Cultural and Historic Committee . Darrell Hendricks, Sr., Tuolumne Band of Me-Wuk Indians . The late Sonny Hendricks, Tuolumne Band of Me-Wuk Indians CR-02 Study Report Traditional Cultural Properties Don Pedro Project, FERC No. 2299 Privileged/Confidential Acknowledgements . Les James, Southern Sierra Miwuk Nation . Jay Johnson, Southern Sierra Miwuk Nation . Richard Leard, Southern Sierra Miwuk Nation . Bill Leonard, Southern Sierra Miwuk Nation . Tom Light, Me-wuk/Yokuts, Chinese Camp . Dave Lingo, Cultural Committee Chair, Tuolumne Band of Me-Wuk Indians . Rodney Lingo, Tuolumne Band of Me-Wuk Indians . Roselynn Lwenya, Buena Vista Rancheria . Phyllis Montgomery, Tuolumne Band of Me-Wuk Indians . Gino Mangaoang, Tuolumne Band of Me-Wuk Indians . Andrew Oppenheim, Tuolumne Band of Me-Wuk Indians . Craig Powell, Chicken Ranch Rancheria of Me-Wuk . Gary Robles, Central Sierra Me-Wuk Many of these individuals, often referred to in the following pages as “consultants” or “elders,” provided the information summarized in Chapter 8 and are properly the authors of that chapter 8 as well as the field notes upon which the chapter is based. Special thanks are due to Reba Fuller and Tom Carsoner, who freely shared their impressive knowledge of cultural sites and traditional uses of native plants in the Project area. While spending time in the field with them, I felt like Grasshopper in the company of Zen Masters. Moreover, Reba organized meetings, site visits, and the working sessions at SFSU, and did whatever else was necessary to keep the TCP study moving forward. Both Reba and Tom have earned my undying gratitude. Tom Light and his recorder Winnie LoVine (Oral history interviewer, Tuolumne County Museum and History Center) also merit special appreciation. Both were exceptionally generous with their time, and Tom offered a wealth of reminiscences about Indian activities during the early twentieth century in the vicinities of La Grange, Chinese Camp, Moccasin, and along the Stanislaus River, particularly near Knights Ferry. I thank as well Dr. Roselynn Lwenya, Environmental Resources Director and Tribal Historic Preservation Officer at Buena Vista Rancheria in Sacramento, who provided important comments on ethnographic and ethnohistoric aspects of the draft TCP Study Report. I am grateful also for the sage counsel and agency guidance offered by James Barnes (Archaeologist, U.S. Department of the Interior [USDOI], Bureau of Land Management [BLM] Mother Lode Field Office), Dwight Dutschke (Ione Me-wuk, California Office of Historic Preservation [OHP], ret.), Charlotte Hunter (Archaeology, Paleontology, and Tribal Relations Officer, BLM California State Office, ret.), and Dave Singleton (California Native American Heritage Commission [NAHC]). I appreciate too the efforts of Jon Otterson (Tribal Executive Director, Tuolumne Me-Wuk). Sincere thanks are conveyed as well to Steve Boyd (Assistant General Manager, Consumer CR-02 Study Report Traditional Cultural Properties Don Pedro Project, FERC No. 2299 Privileged/Confidential Acknowledgements Services, Turlock Irrigation District [TID]), Regina Cox (Finance Secretary, Modesto Irrigation District [MID]), Greg Dias (Project Manager, MID), and Robert Nees (Assistant General Manager, TID). Further, I acknowledge with gratitude the Don Pedro Recreation Agency (DPRA) and specifically David Jigour (Recreation Division Manager, Lake Operations), Carol Russell (Director), Denton Sturdivan (Ranger, boat operator), and other DPRA staff who greatly facilitated our field visits to cultural sites and provided boats and operators whenever needed. The success of the TCP study is due in no small measure to the unwavering technical and business support of the prime contractor, HDR Engineering, Inc. [HDR], through its key personnel, notably: Jenna Borovansky (Sr. Regulatory Specialist), Sandra Flint (Manager, Cultural Resources Services Group), Monica Mackey (Assistant Cultural Resources Specialist), Danielle Risse (Senior Cultural Resources Specialist, Hydropower Services), and Raymond Wingert (Vice President). I appreciate particularly the diligence of Danielle Risse who met my every request for assistance with a timely and professional response. Among my colleagues at Applied EarthWorks, Inc. (Æ), thanks are owed for administrative services to Mary Clark Baloian (President and Senior Archaeologist), Brian Kellogg (Accounting Supervisor), Barry Price (Principal Archaeologist), and Susan Rapp (Production Manager). I recognize especially Randy Baloian (Æ Historian and Assoc. Archaeologist), who performed the ethnohistorical research for this study. Randy’s Chapter 4 is a major contribution to the cultural background of the present report. In conducting our research, Randy and I were assisted by knowledgeable and helpful personnel at numerous archives and libraries throughout central California. In this regard we express our gratitude to: Carlo M. De Ferrari (Tuolumne County Historian Emeritus) of Sonora for access to his personal files on the local Me-wuk, archaeology, and prehistory); the docents of the California History Room at the Fresno County Library, Fresno; Charles Dyer (Archive and Records Manager, Carlo M. De Ferrari Archive of Tuolumne County, Sonora); staff of the Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley; staff of the California History Room and Government Documents Section, California State Library, Sacramento; staff of the California History and Genealogy Room of the Fresno County Library, Fresno; staff of the Henry Madden Library, California State University, Fresno; staff of the Tuolumne County Museum and Research Center, Sonora; staff of the Tuolumne County Central Library, Sonora; William Secrest, Jr. (Director, California History Room, Fresno County Library, Fresno); and William Secrest, Sr. (California History Room, Fresno County Library, Fresno). Jeffrey Fentress (Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act [NAGPRA] Coordinator at SFSU) facilitated the examination of archaeological data and collections from Don Pedro Reservoir during a three-day visit by several members of the Tuolumne Me-Wuk community and me to the Adán Treganza Anthropology Museum, Paul Romberg Tiburon Center, Anthropological Archives, and NAGPRA Compliance Office at SFSU. Jeff Rosenthal (Far Western Anthropological Research Group, Davis) and Carley Whelan (graduate student at the University of California, Davis) also were active participants in the examination and discussion of the Don Pedro artifact collection. CR-02 Study Report Traditional Cultural Properties Don Pedro Project, FERC No. 2299 Privileged/Confidential Acknowledgements I am grateful as well to Kathleen Hull, professor of anthropology at the University of California, Merced (UCM), and toDonald Barclay and Emily Lin of the UCM Library, for their efforts to arrange for acquisition of the Project’s ethnohraphic field notes by the Special Collections unit of the UCM Library. On a personal note, I deeply appreciate the efforts of my wife, Kathy Boone, who encouraged my work on this study, helped to record the testimony of elders during one of our field trips, suffered as a “project widow” when she was unable to participate in the excursions to Tuolumne County, and responded with the best of humor when being teased by Native American friends. Last, but surely not least, I thank my old friends Shelly Davis-King (Principal, Davis-King & Associates) and her husband John Lytle for their gracious hospitality when I was in Sonora. To Shelly I owe a special debt of gratitude for her willingness to open her library and freely make available to me the reports of her superb ethnographic and historical studies in the central Sierra. Michael J. Moratto Principal Anthropologist Applied EarthWorks, Inc. Pasadena,
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