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Thesis Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy ? structural and Isotopic studies of Moine rocks: Moine Thrust to the Sgurr Beag Slide. Thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy SIMON PETER KELLEY Department of Geology Bedford College University of London September 1984 ProQuest Number: 10098518 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest. ProQuest 10098518 Published by ProQuest LLC(2016). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 11. CONTENTS Paze ACKNOVfLEDGEMSNTS................................................. vii INTRODUCTION .................................................. 1 CHAPTER I. STRATIGRAPHY..................................... 4 St.l Previous Research ...................................... 4 St.l.a Geological Survey ..................................... 4 St.l.b Rutledge and MacIntyre .............................. 4 St.l.c Sutton and Matson............................ 5 St.l.d Winchester ........................................... 7 Introduction to Lithologies ......................... 8 St. 2 The Lower Succession.................................. 8 St.2.a The Inverbroom psammite (fig.4) ...... .............. 9 St.2.b The Sgurr Mor pelite (fig.4) ....................... 12 St. 2. c The Meall a Chrasgaidh psammite (fig. 4) .................. 14 St. 3 The Upper Succession................................... 15 St.3*a The Meall an t'sithe pelite (fig.4) ...................... 15 St.3*b The Lewisian gneisses .................................. 1? St.4 Minor Intrusions . .................................. 19 St. 5 Correlations...................................... • . 20 St. 5» a The Scardroy-Fannich a r e a .............................. 20 St.5'b The Fannich-Carn Chuinneag area ...... ........ 21 St.5»c Correlation with other areas . .................... 24 CHAPTER II. TSCTONO-METAMORPHIC H I S T O R Y ....................... 26 Introduction................ « ........... 26 The Sgurr Beag S l i d e .................................. 29 SBS. 1 The Sgurr Beag Slide in Fannich .................. 30 SBS.l.a Previous work in the Fannich area . .................. 30 SBS.l.b Lewisian slivers along the Sgurr Beag Slide ............. 33 SBS.l.c The variation of D2 in relation to the Sgurr Beag Slide 37 111. CONTENTS (Continued) Page SBS.2 Metamorphic Textures and Microfabrics . .............. 44 SBS.2.a Psammites and pelites ...... .................. 44 Psammites . ..................................... 45 Pelites........................... ................ 49 SBS.2.b Metamorphism of the Calc-silicate rocks ............ 53 Occurrence and general mineralogy ............. 54 Mineralogy of the calc-silicates .............. 55 Early high grade microtextures and microfabrics . 57 Discussion ..................... 58 SBS. 3 Pre-Sgurr Beag Slide History ...................... 60 SBS.3*a Pre-Sgurr Beag Slide deformation ........................ 60 The Fannich area .............................. 60 The Lewisian gneisses...................... 62 The C a m Chuinneag a r e a ........... .... .......... 62 SBS.3'b Pre-Sgurr Beag Slide metamorphism ...................... 64 The Fannich a r e a .......................... ...... 64 The C a m Chuinneag a r e a ................. 66 SBS.4 A Proposed Relationship between the C a m Chuinneag Granite and the Sgurr Beag S l i d e ............... ... ...... 69 CHAPTER III. THE MOINS THRUST AND ITS EFFECT UPON EARLIER STRUCTURES 75 History of Research into Folding related to the Moine mylonites ............ 75 MT. 1 D3 Deformation in F a n n i c h ................. 80 MT.l.a F3 Fold Analysis ..................................... 80 MT.l.b The effect of D3 upon the Sgurr Beag Slide zone .... 85 MT. 2 The Relationship between D3 in Fannich and Mylonites above the Moine T h r u s t ..................... 86 MT. 2.a Analysis of F3 folds between Fannich and the Moine Thrust 86 MT.2.b Analysis of lineations from Fannich to the Moine Thrust zone 92 MT.2.c Analysis of the relationship between post-D2 pegmatites and the Moine Thrust ...... ................. 94 CONTENTS (Continued) iv. Page MT.2. d The relationship between D3 fabrics in Fannich and the mylonites above the Moine Thrust................. 97 MT.2.e Mechanism for the formation of extensional structures within the rocks west of Fannich..................... 100 MT. 3 Structures associated with the Mylonites ............. 106 MT. 3'& Foliation boudinage in psammites ................. 106 MT.3»^ A comparison of deformation features within the mylonite and Sgurr Beag Slide z o n e s ........... 108 MT.3'C Post-mylonite folding in the Moine Thrust zone ......... 112 MT.3'd Kink folding and Cataclasis.................... 114 MT. 4 Metamorphism associated with the Moine Thrust Zone . 116 MT.4.a- Previous work ........ • ......... 116 MT.4.b Metamorphism associated with the thrust zone: the present s u r v e y .............................. 118 l) Pelites......................................... 119 II) Psammites .............................. 122 III) Calc-silicates................................... 123 MT. 5 Microfabrics associated with the Moine Thrust Zone .. 125 MT.5*a Microfabrics associated with the mylonites - pelites . 126 l) Initial stage (fig.78) 126 11) Intermediate stage (fig. 80) . .................. I30 III) Final stage (fig. 81 ) ........................... I3I MT.5*t> Microfabrics associated with the mylonites - psammites . 134 MT.5* c Microfabrics associated with the Moine Thrust Zone - post D2 pegmatites.............................. 139 MT. 5* d D3 microfabrics of the Fannich a r e a ................... 140 MT. 5. e Low temperature mylonites and Cataclasis . ........... 142 Discussion of Tectonometamorphic History ................ 144 Models for the Moine Thrust Zo n e.................. 144 Correlation of the structural histories of the Ullapool- Fannich-Cam Chuinneag area with those reported in other a r e a s ................................ 147 CONTENTS (Continued) Page CHAPTER IV. GEOCHRONOLOGY.................................... 150 Sample Preparation .................................. 150 GC. 1 The K-Ar Dating Method .............................. 151 GC. l.a Theory....................................... 151 GC.l.b Potassium Analysis . ............................ 154 GC.l.c Argon Analysis ........................... 156 GC.l.d Age Calculation.................................. 160 GC. 2 The Rb-Sr Dating Method ............................ I63 GC. 2.a Theory .............................. I63 GC.2.b Isotope dilution and Mass spectrometry .............. 165 GC.2.c Age Calculation ..................................... 16? GC.3 Cooling and Uplift from Fannich to the Moine Thrust 169 GC.3'& Cooling outside the Thrust zone ...................... 169 GC. 3*1> Excess argon at the Moine Thrust z o n e ................ 175 GC.4 Grainsize Study in Fannich ........................... 178 GC.4.a Initial grainsize (200-250p) . 178 GC.4.b Coarse and Fine grainsizes (125-200^ and 250-500p) . I8I GC.4.c Discussion of the relationship between grainsize and age in Fannich micas ....................... 184 GC.4. d Conclusions .................. 191 GC. 5 Geochronology of the Early Pegmatites................ 192 GC. 6 Dating within the Moine Thrust Z o n e .................... 195 GC. 6.a The Ross of Mull granite.............................. 195 GC. 6.b The Borralan Complex ............................... 197 GC.6.c The Model of Dewey and Pankhurst (1970) 200 GC.7 Conclusions and Delusions............................. 203 VI. CONTENTS (Continued) P^ge CONCLUSIONS . 208 REFERENCES 210 APPENDICES Appendix 1A« GRAINSIZES 125-200^ AND 75-125|4- K-Ar DATA Appendix IB. GRAINSIZES 200-150p. K-Ar DATA Appendix 1C. GRAINSIZES 250-500i> K-Ar DATA Appendix ID. Rb-Sr AND K-Ar DATA FOR THE ’OLD PEGMATITES (Section GC.5) Appendix 2. Rb-Sr DATA. vil. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My thanks go principally to my supervisor, Dr Derek Powell, whose enthusiasm, help and encouragement in all aspects of the project was greatly appreciated. Thanks also go to Maureen Brook and Dr N.J. Snelling, who supervised my work at the Isotope Unit of the BGS. Special thanks to Dr Chris Bundle, so often the only.person around who could help me when the equipment malfunctioned, and to Dr Boh Pankhurst for discussion of many problems. I would like to thank my many friends in the Highlands and especially Mrs Cameron and the late Mrs MacLennan for their hospitality. There are many others who deserve mention: the staff and post­ graduates in the Geology Department of Bedford College; staff of the Isotope Unit of the BGS; the technical staff at Bedford College, the Mineralogy Unit of BGS at Grays Inn Road, to whom I am indebted. My thanks go finally to Mary Burtoft for expertly producing the typescript and not complaining about my spelling. I gratefully acknowledge the support of this work by the Natural Environment Research Council. SUMMARY OF THESIS Structural and Isotopic studies;Moine Thrust to the Sgurr Beag Slide, N.W.Highlands,Scotland. S Kelley,Bedford College,University of London. During Caledonian amphiholite
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