Sexuality in Adolescents with Disabilities
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SEXUALITY IN ADOLESCENTS WITH DISABILITIES 33 Rruga: Mihal Popi, Ndërtesa 7, ish Pallatet 1 Maji, (Vila Lami); PO Box 8185, Tiranë - Shqipëri; Tel: +355 4 2261840/ 4 2261929 E-mail: [email protected] https:// albania.savethechildren.net Savethechildrenal SaveChildrenAlb SEXUALITY IN ADOLESCENTS WITH DISABILITIES Përgatiti: Edlira HAXHIYMERI 1 This publication is supported by Save the Children. Save the Children believes every child deserves a future. Around the world and in Albania, we give children a healthy start in life, the opportunity to learn and protection from harm. We do whatever it takes for children – every day and in times of crisis – transforming their lives and the future we share. Author: Dr. Besarta Taci, Clinical Psychologist, Psycho-Sexologist Working Group: Irena Çelaj, Project Officer, Save the Children Eglantina Likaj, Project Coordinator, Help the Life Association TIRANA, 2018 This report is produced in the framework of the project Community Based Services for Children with Disabilities, implemented by Save the Children in partnership with Help the Life in the municipality of Vlora and Durrës. This project is part of Save the Children’s regional initiative simultaneously implemented in Albania, Armenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina (North-West Balkans), Georgia and Kosovo. It aims to empower children with disabilities to develop potentials, practice independence and enjoy inclusion. It also strengthens families and mobilizes communities to ensure children with disabilities are provided with quality services they need. © “All Rights Reserved. The contents of this publication may be freely used or copied for non-commercial purposes, provided that any such reproduction is accompanied by acknowledgement of the organizations, who implement, as the source” The authors views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of Save the Children. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword ................................................................................................................................................. 5 Sexuality – not simply a biological process ............................................................................................ 6 Semantic aspect - Make love! ..................................................................................................................... 8 Sexual rights. ............................................................................................................................................... 10 Problem solving and decision-making issues ........................................................................................ 11 Stage I: Parents and operators are invited to reflect on sexuality and raise awareness on sexual health. .............................................................................................................. 13 Stage II: What is sexuality to me? How does a child with disabilities experience sexuality? ............................................................................................................................................... 15 Sexuality in individuals with disabilities .......................................................................................... 15 Sexuality in individuals with physical disabilities .......................................................................... 16 Physical contact: Is it different in individuals with disabilities? .................................................. 16 Self-stimulation and nudity: Which behaviours concern parents? ............................................ 16 The body of the other - one more reason to be excited: How should we behave towards children?............................................................................. ...................................... 17 Masturbation ......................................................................................................................................... 18 Steps to be followed by the operators ........................................................................................... 18 Methodology for establishing sex education ................................................................................ 19 Language: Which are the proper words to use? ......................................................................... 20 Stage III: How do adolescents with disabilities feel during this stage of growth? ..................... 21 Sexuality in individuals with psychic disabilities .......................................................................... 21 Stage IV: Focusing on sexual abuse and violence: a real risk ........................................................... 22 Ways of expressing emotions ........................................................................................................... 22 Stage VI: Autism and sexuality .................................................................................................................. 24 Guiding behaviour ....................................................................................................................................... 26 Necessary information for operators .................................................................................................... 27 Bibliography ............................................................................................................................................... 29 Bibliography ............................................................................................................................................... 29 3 Scientific articles .......................................................................................................................................... 31 4 FOREWORD It is not easy at all to talk about sexuality as a series of issues inherited by our culture emerge, in which the moral aspect still dominates over private and even intimate behaviours. The way each individual understands and expresses sexuality is always dictated from their background, which includes lifestyle and feelings or suppressing emotions. It is not always possible for us to orally express why we behave in a certain manner, or to talk about our daily life, and all these remain trapped in our subconscious, in all those dimensions that the individual has difficulty in expressing. Dr. Besarta Taçi Centro Clinico Psicoterapia e Psicotraumatologia Clinical psychologist, Psycho-sexologist, Practitioner at EMDR, deputy president of EMDR Albania 5 SEXUALITY – NOT SIMPLY A BIOLOGICAL PROCESS Firstly, it is of importance for us to explain that this module is based on the most advanced scientific expertise in the field of sexology, and we will particularly follow the example of explaining the sexual evolution of humans, which presents the evolution stages of human beings (Veglia, 2001). In addition, we will adhere to the theory of Maclean, which divides our brain into three sections. The entire project is focused on explaining the sexual behaviours of adolescents by highlighting the identification of educational practices, which can simplify these behaviours, by parents. Thus, this is how the need to give an explanation on the sexual brain, a practice that informs parents and operators on the biophysical and psychological aspects of sexual stages emerged. The evolution of human sexuality can be explained based on the evolution of species and the development of their brain up to the Homo sapiens, which is the earliest form of cerebral evolution that we have knowledge on: the human brain. It is of importance to understand how we display our sexual needs and how we decide to start a relationship or even decide to have children who will inherit our genes, thus ensuring human survival on this planet. This was not possible since the beginning of life, but thanks to the evolution of species, today we have a brain that is divided into three sections: the reptilian brain, limbic brain and neo-cortex, which are explained in detail below. LIMBIC BRAIN NEOCORTEX Feelings and emotions Language, ideas, concepts, artistic vision REPTILIAN BRAIN Instincts, domination, survival a. THE REPTILIAN BRAIN: the main function of the reptilian brain is “to continuously 6 reproduce by any means”. The reptilian brain controls reproduction and movement, impulses, “killing for food” and sexuality as a biological need. Reproduction aspect: The reproductive capacity is related to reproduction, instincts, and self-preservation. It is the oldest and most primitive section of the brain, which is found in snakes, crocodiles, and lizards. In his book “Emotions and consciousness”, Antonoi Damasoi has stated that after the evolution from the reptilian brain, the function of mating was not simply to reproduce, meaning that alongside the emotional evolution of the brain, sexuality started to change as well. All living beings fight for their survival by protecting themselves, by attacking other living beings, by feeding, but also by having children, thus becoming a father or a mother. We all experience these intimate and touching feelings. Regarding fatherhood and motherhood in individuals with mental disabilities, the United Nations has adopted a Resolution stipulating the right to sexuality and parenting. Play aspect: is the sexuality expressed through sexual play and seduction. Sexual play has been practiced since the beginning of time and it allows individuals to experience exploration, without having any responsibility. Even adults keep this play