Email Voting in Indiana

Jason Ryan Thompson Erasmus Mundus Master of Science in Public Sector Innovation and E-Governance (PIONEER) Research Overview ! "

Elections should strive to be as accessible as possible !3 regardless of the location of the voter. ! "

Technology can be used to break down barriers of distance, !3 but only if it is used with care. This presentation aims to explore drivers and drawbacks of the !4 email voting system in the State of Indiana. It will explore the security implications of people voting via !5 email in federal and state elections. And answer if Indiana's vote by email system be considered a !6 successful attempt at an e-government service? The United States in the World ###### ########## #### ##

US Military Deployed by Country Total: 217,812 >50 persons 25-49 persons 1-25 person(s) 0 persons or undeclared

Sources: Base Structure Report FY 2015 Baseline. United States Department of Defense (2015). !9 Number of Military and DoD Appropriated Fund (APF) Civilian Personnel Permanently Assigned. Defense Manpower Data Center (2018). # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # US Military (Overseas) # Total: 217,812 # US Citizens (Overseas) Total: 9,000,000 (estimated) # # Total Overseas # 9,217,812 (~2-4% of VEP) (Voting Eligible Population)

Sources: CA By The Numbers. United States Department of State (2016). !10 McDonald M.P. 2016 November General Election Turnout Rates (2018). United States Election Project. University of Florida. Presidential Elections By Popular Vote Margin +4% to -4% Popular Vote Margin Year Election Margin 2012 Obama/Romney 3.86% 1916 Wilson/Hughes 3.12% 1892 Cleveland/Harrison 3.01% 2004 Bush/Kerry 2.46% 1976 Carter/Ford 2.06% 1844 Polk/Clay 1.45% 1968 Nixon/Humphrey 0.70% 1884 Cleveland/Blaine 0.57% 1960 Kennedy/Nixon 0.17% 1880 Garfield/Hancock 0.09% 2000 Bush/Gore -0.51% 1888 Harrison/Cleveland -0.83% 2016 Trump/Clinton -2.10% 1876 Hayes/Tilden -3.00% 24.1% of all elections 40% of presidential elections since 1960

Sources: Electoral College Box Scores 1789-1996. National Archives and Records Commission. !11 Electoral College Box Scores 2000-2016. National Archives and Records Commission. Overseas Voting in the United States Military and Overseas Voter Empowerment “MOVE” Act As Part of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2010

To amend the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act to II ensure that absent uniformed services voters and overseas voters are

Calendar No. 114 aware of their voting rights and have a genuine opportunity to

111TH CONGRESS 1ST SESSION S. 1415 register to vote and have their absentee ballots cast and counted, and To amend the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act to for other purposes. ensure that absent uniformed services voters and overseas voters are aware of their voting rights and have a genuine opportunity to register to vote and have their absentee ballots cast and counted, and for other purposes. Amends UOCAVA to require states to establish procedures for:

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES (1)absentee military and overseas voters to request and, states to send,

JULY 8, 2009 Mr. SCHUMER (for himself, Mr. CHAMBLISS, Mr. NELSON of Nebraska, Mr. federal election voter registration applications and absentee ballot ISAKSON, Ms. CANTWELL, Mrs. SHAHEEN, Mr. BURRIS, Mr. VITTER, Mr. CASEY, Mr. PRYOR, Mr. BYRD, Mr. BENNETT, Mr. UDALL of New Mex- ico, Mr. INOUYE, Mrs. FEINSTEIN, Mr. DURBIN, Mrs. MURRAY, Mr. applications by mail and electronically; WARNER, Mrs. HUTCHISON, Mr. ALEXANDER, Mr. CORNYN, Mr. CONRAD, Mr. BROWNBACK, Mr. SPECTER, Mr. WICKER, Mr. BURR, Mr. LIEBERMAN, Mr. ROBERTS, Mr. RISCH, Mrs. LINCOLN, Mr. THUNE, and Mr. BOND) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and re- (2)transmittal of blank absentee ballots by mail and electronically to ferred to the Committee on Rules and Administration JULY 16, 2009 absentee military voters and overseas voters; Reported by Mr. SCHUMER, with amendments [Omit the part struck through and insert the part printed in italic] (3)protecting the security and integrity of the voter registration and

A BILL absentee ballot process; and To amend the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee (4)ensuring that absentee military and overseas voters have time to vote, Voting Act to ensure that absent uniformed services voters and overseas voters are aware of their voting rights and have a genuine opportunity to register to vote and unless the state receives a hardship exemption waiver if it is unable to meet timeliness requirements.

VerDate Nov 24 2008 03:21 Jul 17, 2009 Jkt 079200 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6652 E:\BILLS\S1415.RS S1415 bajohnson on DSK3CLS3C1PROD with BILLS

Source: Military and Overseas Voter Empowerment Act, S.1415, 111th Cong. (2009). !13 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2010, H.R. 2647, 111th Cong. (2009) Electronic Vote Return Method by Jurisdiction Email: 22 States & Federal District

• Colorado • Montana • Delaware • Nebraska • District of Columbia • Nevada • Hawaii • New Jersey • Idaho • New Mexico • Indiana • North Carolina • Iowa • Oregon • Kansas • South Carolina • Maine • Utah • Massachusetts • Washington • Mississippi • West Virginia • Missouri No Electronic Return Fax Only Email Only Email & Fax Fax & Web Portal Email, Fax, & Web Portal

Sources: Electronic Transmission of Ballots. National Conference of State Legislatures. (2018). !14 http://www.ncsl.org/research/elections-and-campaigns/internet-voting.aspx Security Implications of Email Voting Sender Internet Recipient

!16 Sender Internet Recipient

!16 IT IS A CRIME TO FALSIFY THIS BALLOT OR TO VIOLATE INDIANA ELECTION LAWS IC 3-11-2-7 STRAIGHT PARTY

OFFICIAL BALLOT NOVEMBER 8, 2016 Republican Party 22 GENERAL ELECTION KOSCIUSKO COUNTY, INDIANA Democratic Party 23 A write-in vote will NOT be counted unless the vote is for a DECLARED write-in candidate Libertarian Party 24 (1) To vote a straight party ticket for one political party's candidates, except for candidates described in (2) below, select one of the following parties. (2) To vote for any candidate for County Council At Large, you must select each candidate you wish to vote for. Your PRESIDENT AND straight party vote will not count as a vote for any VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE candidate for that office. UNITED STATES (3) If you wish to vote for a candidate seeking a Vote For One (1) only nonpartisan office or on a public question, you must select the appropriate place on this ballot. DONALD J TRUMP 28 and MICHAEL R PENCE A ballot cast for the named candidates for President and Republican Party Vice-President of the United States is considered a ballot cast for the slate of presidential electors nominated by that political party or independent candidate HILLARY CLINTON 30 and TIM KAINE Democratic Party

GARY JOHNSON 32 and BILL WELD Libertarian Party

WRITE-IN 34

UNITED STATES SENATOR Vote For One (1) only

TODD YOUNG 36 Republican Party

EVAN BAYH 37 Democratic Party

LUCY BRENTON 38 Libertarian Party

WRITE-IN 39

Precinct: 05-Franklin 2 Activation: 01-Federal Only Page: 1

!17 IT IS A CRIME TO FALSIFY THIS BALLOT OR TO VIOLATE INDIANA ELECTION LAWS IC 3-11-2-7 STRAIGHT PARTY

GARY JOHNSON 32 and BILL WELD Libertarian Party

WRITE-IN 34

UNITED STATES SENATOR Vote For One (1) only

TODD YOUNG 36 Republican Party

EVAN BAYH 37 Democratic Party

LUCY BRENTON 38 Libertarian Party

WRITE-IN 39

Precinct: 05-Franklin 2 Activation: 01-Federal Only Page: 1

!18 !20 Indiana’s Implementation of the “MOVE” Act As Part Indiana Code Title III (IC 3-11-4-6)

IC 3-11-4-6: The county election board shall by fax or electronic mail transmit an absentee ballot to and receive an absentee ballot from an absent uniformed services voter or an overseas voter by electronic mail or fax at the request of the voter indicated in the application filed under this section. If the voter wants to submit absentee ballots by fax or electronic mail, the voter must separately sign and date a statement submitted with the electronic mail or the fax transmission that states substantively the following: "I understand that by faxing or e-mailing my voted ballot I am voluntarily waiving my right to a secret ballot.".

Source: Indiana Code, Title III-11-4-6 (2017) !21 How does Indiana’s email voting system REALLY work?

Let’s go back in time and relive the 2016 US Election…

!22 Step 1: Federal Post Card Application

Voter Registration and This form is for absent Uniformed Service members, their families, and citizens residing outside the United Absentee Ballot Request States. It is used to register to vote, request an Federal Post Card Application (FPCA) absentee ballot, and update your contact information. See your State’s instructions at FVAP.gov. Print clearly in blue or black ink. 1. Who are you? Pick one. I am on active duty in the Uniformed Services or Merchant Marine -OR- I am an eligible spouse or dependent. I request an absentee I am an activated National Guard member on State orders. ballot for all elections in which I am eligible I am a U.S. citizen living outside the country, and I intend to return. to vote AND: I am a U.S. citizen living outside the country, and my return is uncertain. I am a U.S. citizen living outside the country, and I have never lived in the United States. Female Sex Last name Suffx (Jr., II) Male First name Previous names (if applicable) Middle name Birth date (MM/DD/YYYY) / / Social Security Number Driver’s license or State ID # 2. What is your address in the U.S. State or territory where you are registering to vote and requesting an absentee ballot? Your voting materials will not be sent to this address. See instructions on other side of form. Street address Apt # City, town, village State County ZIP 3. Where are you now? You must give your CURRENT address to receive your voting materials. Your mailing address. (Different from above) Your mail forwarding address. (If applicable)

4. What is your contact information? This is so election officials can reach you about your request. Provide the country code and area code with your phone and fax number. Do not use a Defense Switched Network (DSN) number. Email: Phone:

Alternate email: Fax: 5. What is your voting preference? Select One. How do you want to Mail What is your political party receive voting materials Email or online for primary elections? from your election offce? Fax 6. What additional information must you provide? The following need more information: Alaska, Arizona, Puerto Rico, Vermont, and Virginia. (Ex. Proof of residency, employer, etc.) You may also use this space to clarify your voter information. See the Voting Assistance Guide at FVAP.gov.

7. You must read and sign this statement. I swear or affrm, under penalty of perjury, that: The information on this form is true, accurate, and complete to the best of my knowledge. I understand that a material misstatement of fact in completion of this document may constitute grounds for conviction of perjury. I am a U.S. citizen, at least 18 years of age (or will be by the day of the election), eligible to vote in the requested jurisdiction, and I am not disqualifed to vote due to having been convicted of a felony or other disqualifying offense, nor have I been adjudicated mentally incompetent; or if so, my voting rights have been reinstated; and I am not registering, requesting a ballot, or voting in any other jurisdiction in the United States, except the jurisdiction cited in this voting form.

Sign here Today’s date / / X (MM/DD/YYYY)

This information is for offcial use only. Any unauthorized release may be punishable by law. Previous editions are obsolete. Standard Form 76 (Rev.09-2017), OMB No. 0704-0503

!23 Step 1: Federal Post Card Application Voter Registration and This form is for absent Uniformed Service members, their families, and citizens residing outside the United Absentee Ballot Request States. It is used to register to vote, request an Federal Post Card Application (FPCA) absentee ballot, and update your contact information. See your State’s instructions at FVAP.gov. Print clearly in blue or black ink. 1. Who are you? Pick one. I am on active duty in the Uniformed Services or Merchant Marine -OR- I am an eligible spouse or dependent. I request an absentee I am an activated National Guard member on State orders. ballot for all elections in which I am eligible I am a U.S. citizen living outside the country, and I intend to return. to vote AND: I am a U.S. citizen living outside the country, and my return is uncertain. I am a U.S. citizen living outside the country, and I have never lived in the United States. Female Sex Last name Suffx (Jr., II) Male First name Previous names (if applicable) Middle name Birth date (MM/DD/YYYY) / / Social Security Number Driver’s license or State ID # 2. What is your address in the U.S. State or territory where you are registering to vote and requesting an absentee ballot? Your voting materials will not be sent to this address. See instructions on other side of form. Street address Apt # City, town, village State County ZIP 3. Where are you now? You must give your CURRENT address to receive your voting materials. Your mailing address. (Different from above) Your mail forwarding address. (If applicable)

!24 Your mailing address. (Different from above) Your mail forwarding address. (If applicable)

Sign here Today’s date / / X (MM/DD/YYYY)

This information is for offcial use only. Any unauthorized release may be punishable by law. Previous editions are obsolete. Standard Form 76 (Rev.09-2017), OMB No. 0704-0503

!26 Step 2: Receive blank ballot through email

IT IS A CRIME TO FALSIFY THIS BALLOT OR TO COVER SHEET AND AFFIDAVIT FOR (ABS-9) VIOLATE INDIANA ELECTION LAWS IC 3-11-2-7 STRAIGHT PARTY ABSENT UNIFORMED SERVICES AND OVERSEAS VOTER State Form 51259 (R4/8-14) OFFICIAL BALLOT Indiana Election Commission (IC 3-11-4-6; IC 3-11-4-21; IC 3-11-10-1) NOVEMBER 8, 2016 INFORMATION ABOUT ABSENTEE VOTING INSTRUCTIONS: This form, along with an absentee ballot, is sent by fax or email to an absent uniformed services voter or an overseas voter whose application to vote absentee by fax Republican Party 22 Absentee Voting by Email or Fax Instructions FOR MILITARY AND OVERSEAS VOTERS or email has been approved. The voter must complete this form and sign both the affidavit and the voluntary waiver of the right to a secret ballot. If the voter is voting by fax, the voter (MOVE Section 580; Indiana Code 3-11-4-5.7(f)) Revised November 2013 then sends this form with the voted absentee ballots by fax to the county election board. If the voter is voting by email, the voter sends this form that contains a digital image (such as a GENERAL ELECTION photograph) of the voter’s signature with the voted absentee ballots by email to the county election board. The individual designated to receive absentee ballots transmitted by fax or KOSCIUSKO COUNTY, INDIANA email shall: (1) note the receipt of the absentee ballot in the records of the circuit court clerk as other absentee ballots received by the circuit court clerk are noted; (2) fold each ballot Democratic Party 23 1. Fill out the ABS-9 in it’s entirety including the 1. You can ask for an absentee ballot by mailing, e-mailing, or faxing a completed Federal received from the voter separately so as to conceal the marking; (3) enclose each ballot in a blank absentee ballot envelope; (4) securely seal the envelope; (5) mark on the envelope: Post Card Application (Form 76) or Indiana state form ABS 15 Absentee Ballot "Absentee Ballot Received by Email or Fax"; and (6) securely attach to the envelope the faxed affidavit received with the voter's absentee ballots. A voted absentee ballot sent by email A write-in vote will NOT be counted unless the vote is for a Voluntary Waiver of Secret Ballot information at the Application for Military and Overseas Voters to the county election office in the Indiana may be transmitted directly to a county election board or, if transmitted through a U.S. Department of Defense program, must be transmitted in accordance with the procedures DECLARED write-in candidate established by the U.S. Department of Defense. Libertarian Party 24 bottom. county where you are registered to vote. If you are not registered to vote, you can also apply to register by using Form 76. The federal form can be found at www.fvap.gov. The COVER SHEET (1) To vote a straight party ticket for one political party's Indiana form can be found at www.in.gov/sos/elections/2673.htm. You can use either candidates, except for candidates described in (2) below, form to apply. To be completed by the ______County election board: select one of the following parties. (2) To vote for any candidate for County Council At Large, 2. Study the candidate’s names on the absentee ballot PRESIDENT AND 2. You can find information about how to contact your county at www.indianavoters.com. you must select each candidate you wish to vote for. Your Email address of county election board: ______VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE sheets provided. Click on “Contact My County Election Office” straight party vote will not count as a vote for any candidate for that office. UNITED STATES Fax number of county election board: (_____)______(3) If you wish to vote for a candidate seeking a Vote For One (1) only 3. You can request in your absentee ballot application that a ballot be sent to you by mail, e- nonpartisan office or on a public question, you must mail, or fax. PRIMARY GENERAL MUNICIPAL SPECIAL ELECTION to be held on: ______select the appropriate place on this ballot. 3. Circle the name(s) of the candidate(s) you wish to vote (Insert date of election) 4. The deadline for you to submit your absentee ballot application depends on how you To be completed by the voter: DONALD J TRUMP for. If you wish to place a vote for a Write-In want your absentee ballot to be sent to you: 28 and candidate, please circle the number next to “write-in o If you want your absentee ballot sent to you by mail, your county election office Voter’s name: ______must get your application by 11:59 p.m. 8 days before the election (______, MICHAEL R PENCE A ballot cast for the named candidates for President and Republican Party candidate” you may write your candidates name next 201_). Voter’s telephone number (if available): (______)______Vice-President of the United States is considered a ballot o If you want your absentee ballot sent to you by e-mail or fax, your county cast for the slate of presidential electors nominated by to “write-in candidate”. election office must get your application by Noon the day before the election Voter’s email address: ______that political party or independent candidate (____). HILLARY CLINTON 30 Voter’s fax number: ( ______)______and 5. If you asked on your application that an absentee ballot be sent to you by email, then TIM KAINE 4. Send the completed ABS-9 and ballot to Kosciusko your county election office will electronically scan a cover sheet (ABS-9) and an absentee Voter’s mailing address: ______Democratic Party County Absentee Board (email ballot. Your county will attach the scanned ballot and cover sheet to an email, and send City State ZIP Code them to you at the email address you put on your absentee ballot application. Print the (Note: Providing an email address, a fax number, or mailing address will allow the county election board to send the voter confirmation [email protected]) or fax (574-372- scanned cover sheet and absentee ballot, complete the cover sheet, and mark the absentee that the county election board received the voter’s absentee ballot.) GARY JOHNSON ballot. Take a digital image (a photograph) or scan the completed cover sheet and marked 32 and 2338). absentee ballot and attach the digital image or scan of the documents to an email. Send AFFIRMATION BY APPLICANT the email with attached documents to your county at the following address: BILL WELD Libertarian Party ______. I, (Attach voter address label here or print voter name and address below)

5. Upon receipt of your ballot, we will have the Absentee 6. If you asked on your application that an absentee ballot be sent to you by fax, then your swear/affirm under penalty of perjury, that I am (check one of the following): Board fill out the optical scan card for you and then it county election office will fax a cover sheet (ABS-9) and an absentee ballot to you at the WRITE-IN 34 fax number you put on your absentee ballot application. Complete the cover sheet, mark a member of the Uniformed Services or merchant marine on active duty, or an eligible spouse or dependent; will be checked for accuracy and both the optical scan the absentee ballot. Fax the completed cover sheet and absentee ballot to your county at an activated National Guard Member on State orders; the following address: ______. UNITED STATES SENATOR ballot and the emailed ballot will be placed in a special a U.S. citizen temporarily residing outside the U.S.; Vote For One (1) only 7. You can find out if your absentee ballot application has been received by your county and a U.S. citizen overseas by virtue of employment or an accompanying spouse or dependent; or absentee envelope and marked ABSENTEE BALLOT approved, and if your voted absentee ballot has been received by your county. Check other U.S. citizen residing outside the U.S. TODD YOUNG online at www.indianavoters.com by clicking on the link “Track My Absentee Ballot.” 36 RECEIVED BY EMAIL OR FAX Republican Party and that I am a U.S. citizen, eligible to vote in the above jurisdiction and subscribe to any state/local oath or statement; that I have not If you asked on your application that an absentee ballot be sent to you by mail, then after your been convicted of a felony or other disqualifying offense or been adjudicated mentally incompetent, and if so, my voting rights have been county election board has sent the ballot to you, you must have the ballot postmarked by midnight reinstated; that I am not registering, requesting a ballot, or voting in any other jurisdiction in the U.S.; and that the information on this EVAN BAYH 37 6. The ballot will then be opened and counted when we election day ______and delivered to the county election office by noon, 10 days after the form is true and complete. I have personally marked the enclosed ballot. Democratic Party election ______. Signature of voter Date signed (mm/dd/yy)

count all of the absentee ballots on Election Day. ______/______/______LUCY BRENTON 38 You can find out more information about registering to vote and voting an absentee ballot Libertarian Party online at www.in.gov/sos/elections. Click on “Voter Information Portal” and then “Military VOLUNTARY WAIVER OF SECRET BALLOT and Overseas Voters.” WRITE-IN 39 THANK YOU! I understand that by faxing or emailing my voted ballot I am voluntarily waiving my right to a secret ballot.

Signature of Voter: ______

Precinct: 05-Franklin 2 Activation: 01-Federal Only Page: 1 Information About Cover Sheet and Affidavit Absentee Voting by Email Absentee Voting for for Absent Uniformed 2016 General Election or Fax Instructions Military and Overseas Services and Overseas Official Ballot (Federal) Voters Voter (Form ABS-9)

!27 Step 3: ABS-9 Form

COVER SHEET AND AFFIDAVIT FOR (ABS-9) ABSENT UNIFORMED SERVICES AND OVERSEAS VOTER State Form 51259 (R4/8-14) Indiana Election Commission (IC 3-11-4-6; IC 3-11-4-21; IC 3-11-10-1) INSTRUCTIONS: This form, along with an absentee ballot, is sent by fax or email to an absent uniformed services voter or an overseas voter whose application to vote absentee by fax or email has been approved. The voter must complete this form and sign both the affidavit and the voluntary waiver of the right to a secret ballot. If the voter is voting by fax, the voter then sends this form with the voted absentee ballots by fax to the county election board. If the voter is voting by email, the voter sends this form that contains a digital image (such as a photograph) of the voter’s signature with the voted absentee ballots by email to the county election board. The individual designated to receive absentee ballots transmitted by fax or email shall: (1) note the receipt of the absentee ballot in the records of the circuit court clerk as other absentee ballots received by the circuit court clerk are noted; (2) fold each ballot received from the voter separately so as to conceal the marking; (3) enclose each ballot in a blank absentee ballot envelope; (4) securely seal the envelope; (5) mark on the envelope: "Absentee Ballot Received by Email or Fax"; and (6) securely attach to the envelope the faxed affidavit received with the voter's absentee ballots. A voted absentee ballot sent by email may be transmitted directly to a county election board or, if transmitted through a U.S. Department of Defense program, must be transmitted in accordance with the procedures established by the U.S. Department of Defense.

COVER SHEET To be completed by the ______County election board:

Email address of county election board: ______

Fax number of county election board: (_____)______

PRIMARY GENERAL MUNICIPAL SPECIAL ELECTION to be held on: ______(Insert date of election) To be completed by the voter:

Voter’s name: ______

Voter’s telephone number (if available): (______)______

Voter’s email address: ______

Voter’s fax number: ( ______)______!28 Voter’s mailing address: ______City State ZIP Code (Note: Providing an email address, a fax number, or mailing address will allow the county election board to send the voter confirmation that the county election board received the voter’s absentee ballot.)

AFFIRMATION BY APPLICANT I, (Attach voter address label here or print voter name and address below)

swear/affirm under penalty of perjury, that I am (check one of the following):

a member of the Uniformed Services or merchant marine on active duty, or an eligible spouse or dependent; an activated National Guard Member on State orders; a U.S. citizen temporarily residing outside the U.S.; a U.S. citizen overseas by virtue of employment or an accompanying spouse or dependent; or other U.S. citizen residing outside the U.S.

and that I am a U.S. citizen, eligible to vote in the above jurisdiction and subscribe to any state/local oath or statement; that I have not been convicted of a felony or other disqualifying offense or been adjudicated mentally incompetent, and if so, my voting rights have been reinstated; that I am not registering, requesting a ballot, or voting in any other jurisdiction in the U.S.; and that the information on this form is true and complete. I have personally marked the enclosed ballot. Signature of voter Date signed (mm/dd/yy)

______/______/______

VOLUNTARY WAIVER OF SECRET BALLOT

I understand that by faxing or emailing my voted ballot I am voluntarily waiving my right to a secret ballot.

Signature of Voter: ______

Step 4: Ballot

IT IS A CRIME TO FALSIFY THIS BALLOT OR TO VIOLATE INDIANA ELECTION LAWS IC 3-11-2-7 STRAIGHT PARTY

GARY JOHNSON 32 and BILL WELD Libertarian Party

WRITE-IN 34

UNITED STATES SENATOR Vote For One (1) only

TODD YOUNG 36 Republican Party

EVAN BAYH 37 Democratic Party

LUCY BRENTON 38 Libertarian Party

WRITE-IN 39

Precinct: 05-Franklin 2 Activation: 01-Federal Only Page: 1 Step 5: Vote!

IT IS A CRIME TO FALSIFY THIS BALLOT OR TO VIOLATE INDIANA ELECTION LAWS IC 3-11-2-7 STRAIGHT PARTY

GARY JOHNSON 32 and BILL WELD @Libertarian Party

WRITE-IN 34

UNITED STATES SENATOR Vote For One (1) only

TODD YOUNG 36 Republican Party

EVAN BAYH 37 Democratic Party

LUCY BRENTON 38 Libertarian Party

WRITE-IN 39

Precinct: 05-Franklin 2 Activation: 01-Federal Only Page: 1

!35 Step 5: Vote!

Absentee Ballot Received By Email Or Fax

!36 Conclusions What were the drivers for creating an email- based voting system for Indiana elections?

• Indiana’s implementation of the federal Military and Overseas Voter Empowerment Act • Mandated to deliver ballots to military and overseas voters electronically • Voluntarily implemented system to accept returned ballots through email & fax • In order to electronically return ballots, citizens must waive their right to a secret ballot

!39 What are the security implications for people voting through email in Indiana elections?

• While returning ballots through email is a convenient way to vote for overseas citizens, the email system was never intended for simple, secure communication • Unencrypted messages can be intercepted or altered • Although the secret ballot has been waived, the potential for voter persecution from message interception can be damaging to democracy • Brings numerous technical and social problems that erode the ideal democratic process

!40 Can Indiana’s vote by email system be considered a successful attempt at an e-government service?

1. The usage of Internet 2. The reorganization of public 3. The development of new technologies to deliver institutions in order to reduce democratic spaces in which services online and to cost and to enhance the quality relations among public and efficiency of services institutions, citizens, and rationalize, redesign, and enterprises are redefined significantly improve public offered to citizens, companies, according to a participatory administrative processes and other governmental partners perspective X X X Source: Assar, S., Boughzala, I., Boydens, I. (eds.): Practical Studies in E-Government: Best Practices from Around the World. Springer (2011) !41 Email Voting in Indiana

Jason Ryan Thompson KU Leuven, University of Münster, TalTech [email protected]