The Obsession of Main Character in Austen's LADY SUSAN

THE OBSESSION OF MAIN CHARACTER IN AUSTEN’S LADY SUSAN

A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Cultural Sciences Hasanuddin University in Partial Fulfillment of Requirement to Obtain A Sarjana Degree in English.

RIFA ALFINA F21114517

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF CULTURAL SCIENCIES HASANUDDIN UNIVERSITY MAKASSAR 2018

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

First of all, the writer would like to thank and praise Allah Subhanahu wata’ala for all the love and guidance, which is blessed the writer until this thesis could be completed. Also, the writer would like to greetings to the prophet,

Muhammad SAW as the leader of all Muslims.

First, the writer would like to convey the great graduate to her beloved parents Ridwan S. Sos, M.M. and Hj. Nur Aeni, Arina Musfira Ridwan S.kep,

Nurse and all the families who always give her support either in material or moral and deepest love for the writer’s success as well. Special thanks to the writer’s mom for always be the one who reminds the writer to have done this thesis.

It is impossible for the writer to complete this thesis without great assistance from her supervisor Dr. M Syafri Badaruddin, M. Hum. and Abbas,

S.S, M. Hum. The writer would like to thank very much for their support, helping motivation and guidance to complete this thesis.

The writer delivers appreciation for her beloved friends Widya, Cindy,

Fitriana, Irene, Nona, Dilla, Fika, Ririn, Nura, Mentari, Nunu, Shakira,

Abdi, and Adiawan for all loves and supports, their crazy and beautiful moment for the sadness and happiness, until this thesis would have been finish. The writer expects all the writer’s friend could graduate at the same time and all her friends who can be not mentioned one by one. The writer has a lot of unforgettable experienced moment with them since their togetherness at the time in English

Department.

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Finally, the writer considers that the thesis is still for from being perfect.

Thus, critics, and suggestion are acceptable to the writer for the improvement of her writing in the future.

Makassar, May 7 2018

The writer

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TABLE OF CONTENTS Cover……………………………………………………………………………...i Approval Page…………………………………………………………………....ii Acknowledgment………………………………………………………………...iii Table of Contents……………………………………………………………...…iv Abstrak…………………………………………………………………………...v Abstrack…………………………………………………………………………vi CHAPTER I INTODUCTION A. Background……………………………………………………………...... 1 B. Identification Problems……………………………………………………3 C. Scope of Problem……………………………………………………….....4 D. Research Question………………………………………………………....4 E. Objective of the Study……………………………………………………..4 F. Sequence of the Writing…………………………………………………….5 CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW A. Preview Study.…………………………………………………………….6 B. Structuralism Approach.…………………………………………………....7 1. Character…………….………………………………………………….9 2. Plot…………………………………………………………………….11 3. Setting………………………………………………………………....13 4. Theme…………………………………………………………………14 C. The Concept of Obsession………………………………………………..16 1. Anxiety.………………………………………………………………..17 2. Egoistic...………………………………………………...…………… 17 3. Irrational……………………………………………………………….17 CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY A. Methodological design.…………………………………………………..19

1. Qualitative Research…………………...…………………….………..19 2. Descriptive analysis……………………………………….…………..20 B. Method of Collecting Data………………..……………………………....20 C. Method of Analyzing Data……………….……………………….……,....21 D Research Procedure………………………………...………………...... 21 CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS

A. Structural Aspect of Lady Susan…………………….……………………24 1. Character………………………………………..…………………….23 2. Plot………………………………………………..…………………..31 3.Setting………………………………………………..………………..35 4. Theme………………………………………………….……………..38 B. The Obsession of The Main Character in the novel………………………38 C. The Obsession Effect to Other Character in the novel……………………49 CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGESTION A. Conclusion………………………………………...……………..……….57 B. Suggestion…………………………………………..……………..……..58

BIBLIOGRAPHY……………………………………………………….……....59 APPENDICITIES A. Synopsis of Lady Susan…………………………………….….…………62 B. Biography Of Jane Austen ………………………………….……………64

ABSTRAK RIFA ALFINA, 2018. The Obsession of Main Character in Austen’s LADY SUSAN. program Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Hasanuddin. (Dibimbing oleh M Syafri Badaruddin dan Abbas). Lady Susan adalah novel epistolary yang ditulis oleh Jane Austen. Berkisah mengenai seorang janda tidak bermoral memanipulasi semua orang untuk kepentingannya sendiri yaitu kelangsungan hidup sosialnya. Tujuan dari skripsi ini adalah untuk menjelaskan obsesi terhadap tokoh utama serta mnejelaskan effect dari obsesi tokoh utama terhadap tokoh lain di dalam novel Lady Susan. Untuk menganalisis novel Lady Susan, penulis menggunakan pendekatan strukturalisme murni untuk mendeteksi karakter, alur, setting dan tema di dalam novel, dan untuk membuat konteks relevan dengan skripsi ini, penulis menggunakan konsep obsesi untuk menjelaskan obsesi pada sifat Lady Susan dan dampak dari obsesi tersebut bagi tokoh-tokoh lain Setelah menganalisis novel ini, penulis menemukan bahwa obsesi dapat dideteksi dalam karya sastra. Pengarang mengilustrasikan bahwa obsesi tidak hanya dapat dijelaskan melalui teori psikologi, tetapi juga dapat dijelaskan melalui alur dari cerita. Semua orang dapat berpotensi menjadi terobsesi apabila jika keinginan tersebut tidak dapat dikontrol karena obsesi tidak selalu bermanifestasi sebagai satu harapan tetapi memiliki potensi memberi tekanan negative pada seseorang atau kelompok, sehigga menyebabkan kekacauan dan merugikan.

ABSTRACT

RIFA ALFINA, 2018. The Obsession of Main Character in Austen's LADY SUSAN. English Department, Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Hasanuddin University. (Supervised by M Syafri Badaruddin and Abbas ). Lady Susan is an epistolary novel written by Jane Austen. It tells the story of an immoral widow manipulating everyone for her own benefit of social survival. The purpose of this thesis is to explain the obsession of the main character and explain the obsession effect of main character to others character in Lady Susan novel. In analyzing the novel Lady Susan, the writer uses a structuralism approach to detect the characters, plots, settings, and themes in the novel, and to make the context relevant to this thesis, the writer uses the concept of obsession to explain the obsession with Lady Susan's nature and the effect of that obsession for other characters in the novel. After analyzing this thesis, the writers found that obsessions can be detected in literary work. The author illustrates that obsession can not only be explained by the psychological theory but can also be explained by the plot of the story. Everyone can potentially become obsessed if the desire cannot be controlled because obsession does not always manifest as one hope but has the potential to put negative pressure on a person or group, causing chaos and harm.

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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background Obsession is a vast and complex psychological case. Obsession is a case that

is closely related to the will, desire, and ideals. Thus, everyone is potential of having

their own obsession in their own mind. It is the state where people are preoccupied

by their desires which can be something they want or avoid. Obsession has negative

side, either because of the impact it brings or the way it is fulfilled. For example, the

feel of guilty or disappointment when someone failed to achieve what they

obsessed. Another example, if a corporation obsessed to win a tender through

inappropriate ways; like bribing or accusing other competitors.

It is important to identify obsession in self due to the impact it can bring.

Obsessions must also be controlled so as not to get carried away from the desire

and can control themselves. In medical world a kind of obsession is considered as

disorder of mental illness called as Obsessive Compulsive.

Literary work is a reflection of human life, it makes literary works as a

good medium for studying humanity itself. literature is cultural product creative

that values of society. Literature is creative activity, a work of art. Every literary

work is essentially and general and at the same time special or more precisely

individually and publicly. Every literary work has the same characteristic as other

works of art. (Wellek and Warren,1989:9). The literary work created by the author

is not only imaginary but a reflection of event the occur in real life that have

meaning and value in it. One of the literary work is a novel, literary work with

narrative form Nurgiantoro states, “Novel merupakan karya fiksi yang dibangun

1 oleh unsur-unsur pembangunan,yakni unsur intrinsic dan unsur ekstrinsik”(2002:10). In this thesis, the writer chooses a Jane Austen novel entitled Lady Susan.

Obsession is part of man and can be described through literary works.

Some literary works that explore depression, self-esteem, sadness and much more,

Like the novels of John Steinbeck's of Mice and Men, Mechanical Cat by Torey

Hayden, The Virgin Suicide by Jeffrey Eugenides, Scarlett Letter by Nathaniel

Hawthorne, Animal Farm by George Orwell, The Old Man and The Sea by Ernest

Hemingway, Farewell to Arms by Ernest Hemingway, Five People You Meet in

Heaven by Mitch Albom, The Prince and The Pauper by Mark Twain, Pride and

Prejudice by Jane Austen and Lady Susan by Jane Austen.

One of the novels that explores human is Lady Susan, the novel was written by Jane Austen, a British novelist. Her realism-style reflected on social condition and proficiencies on combining several narrative styles made her works to be widely read. Lady Susan was written by Jane Austen in 1794, and the novel was published in 1871, more than 50 years after her death. Unlike other popular novels she wrote, this one is different because it was written as collection of letters between characters. The main character of Lady Susan was a very contrast from other characters. Thus, making her unique to be analyzed and greatly reflects the real life.

This novel describes the beautiful unscrupulous widow utilizing her beauty to seduce a man. Lady Susan habitually in living with relaxing and luxurious, she has teaser character and takes control to other so, Lady Susan has a desire to find a

2 rich man for herself and her daughter, with the obsession she established a forbidden relationship with the someone’s husband and the single man in the

London city. Because of the scandal, she moved temporarily to Churchill until rumors subsided. She turns out there is get a potential husband, the name is

Reginald Decoursy who is the sole his of the Decoursy’s family and successful to get the heart of a man who did not like it first. But she got the opposite reaction from the De Coursy family because of the bad rumors circulating in London about it. Lady Susan plans to marry her daughter with a rich man who was teased in

London. But her daughter refused marriage thus escaping from the dorm.

Based on the explanations above, it can be said that every human being must have an obsession each to get something, and motivation is the driving factor that influences it. The importance of the obsession to be recognized and controlled so as not to overdo it. Literature is reflection of human life and literary work is also a good learning tool to study human problems. To conclude, the writer found that one of the literary works in which the obsession can be studied was in Lady

Susan novel by Jane Austen because the obsession of the main character makes the story inside the novel more interesting. Therefore, the writer will discuss The

Obsession of Main Character in Austen's "Lady Susan" as the title of this research.

Furthermore, in doing this research, the writer uses Structuralism Approach with analyzing the intrinsic elements of the novel Lady Susan.

B. Identification of the Problems

After reading Lady Susan, a novel written by Jane Austen, the writer had found some problems dealing with the main character, so the writer identified these problems as follow:

1. The obsession with the main character.

2. The desire of the main character to change his social status.

3. There is a forced marriage experienced by the daughter of the main character.

C. Scope of the Problems

In this study the writer focused on the problem of obsession in the main character and its influence on the main characters. The writer also explains the affect of main character obsession in the novel.

D. Research Questions Based on the title, these following questions reflect the analysis in this novel. The research questions are formulated as follows:

1. What is the obsession of the main Character in Lady Susan Novel?

2. How does the obsession effect of main character to other characters in

the novel?

E. Objective of the study

Objectives of this writing based of problem above and after reading the novel. This study aims at the following objectives:

1. To explain the obsession of the main character inside Lady Susan

novel.

2. To explain the effect the obsession of the main character in the Lady

Susan toward other characters.

F. Sequences of the Chapter

The writing consists of five chapter. Chapter one is the introduction that consists of background of writing, identification problem, statement of problem, objectives of the study and sequence of writing. Chapter two consists of literature review provide review of some previous study and applies some theories to support this analysis. Chapter three consists the kind of methods the writer uses in analyzing the novel, including method of collecting data, and method of analyzing data.

Then, chapter four is the central of the analysis. It consists the intrinsic elements of the novel such as character, plot, setting, theme. Chapter five is the last chapter which concludes the whole research into a summary of analysis and suggestions.

CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW

A. Previous Study This part includes the other research that requires the analysis of the study.

Some of the literature reviews of researchers related to these titles and some of the literature review related to these objects are presented by Nirvana (2014), Hana

La’biran (2003), and Parasantika (2005):

Nirvana (2014) from Hasanuddin University in her thesis entitled Obsession of the main Character in Thackeray's Novel "Vanity Fair". She used structuralism to analyze her research. in this thesis she explains about Vanity Fair is a 19th century novel written by William Makepeace Thackeray describing the obsession of teenage girl who wants to gain wealth and social status in society. Meanwhile, the writer chooses this thesis because they had the same issues and approaches and each analyzed the main character.

Hanna La'biran (2003) From Hasanuddin University In her thesis entitled

Obsesi dan Konflik Batin Tokoh Utama Dalam Cerpen "The Kiss" dan "An artist's

Story" Karya Anton Chekov. She used the genetic structuralism. She is a Russian

Author and obsessed with existence love, more a writer a story and plays. These short stories tell us about loneliness, love, and fond memories of a man. The results of this

Research show that the different and the similarity obsession and internal conflict main character who have played roles in the short stories Hamely Ryabovitch in "the kiss".

He is a little officer in spectacles, with sloping shoulders, and whiskers like a lynx's and character "I" in "An Artist's Story". He is a landscape Artist living Friend

Bylokurov. Then, the reason why the writer chooses this thesis as a previous study,

because it has the same issue but have different object and different approach.

Parasantika (2005) From Hasanuddin University In her thesis Obsesi Jerusha

Abbot Dalam Novel "Daddy Long Legs" Karya Jean Webster. She used Genetic

Structuralism. Every human being is endowed with Obsession. They have their own

style to fight the life and win their obsession. It is represented of the thesis by the

Character of Jarusha Abbott as the main character in this story. Jarusha Abbott is an

orphan girl fight to get her freedom and proves herself to be a novelist.

After observing the previous studies above, the writer found In Norfiana's (2014) study, she used Thackeray's Novel as the object of the research. Then the writer uses the object from Austen's Novel. On the other hand, two of the previous study by Hana

La'biran (2003) and Parasantika (2005) use the Genetic Structuralism Approach while the writer uses the Structuralism approach.

B. Structural Approach

In this part contains about the theoretical background that used in analyzing the literary works as the research object. The writer uses a structural approach to analyze the novel Lady Susan. The structural approach contains the intrinsic elements that focuse on the relationship among structures that can build up the literary works from the inside.

One base concept that becomes characteristic of Structural Approach is that literature as an autonomous structure. It describes the origin of the approach itself according to Ryan explained that:

The structural approach is kind of approach that only focuses on intrinsic elements of literary works. It is one of the literary theories that start from the assumption that the literary work is composed of several elements, which are bound up as a unity. The elements influence each other and finally work as the autonomous structure (2007:41). Therefore, a literary work has to be understood intrinsically as autonomous and

independent of everything that exists outside of literature. Structural approach explains

the function of every element of literary works, especially in the novel. The novel has

some elements that can build the story intrinsically. Those elements are characters,

plot, setting, and theme. The writer uses structural approach that just limits with those

elements above and denies the other external elements to analyze this novel.

Regarding the structure, Wellek and Warren (1992: 56) give the constraint that the sense of structure put into content and form, as both are intended to achieve an aesthetic purpose. Therefore, the structure of literary works (fiction) is composed of form and content. The form is the way write writes, while the content is the idea that a writer expresses the writing, Jan Van Luxemburg (1984: 38) stated that the structure that is intended implies a reciprocal relationship between the parts and the whole thing.

The structure in a literary work can be interpreted as formation, affirmation and an overview of materials and component parts into interesting form. The elements which contained in a literary work is something that can be used as study materials in an identifying, assessing and describing the functions and relation between the element in the novel which is concerned. It is the center of focusing literary work or literary text itself.

In the structuralism approach, each element builds own world, operates its own function, and is free from any possible influence from outside. All the elements can build, develop, and maintain themselves. They have the same important role and they

8 are connected to each other. In other words, the structuralism theory tends to understand things like a closed system. It is the reason why the structuralism in literature treats the literary work as an independent thing. It believes the literary work can be understood and explained by its own system which owns forms the rule of the literary invention.

The structuralism approach only analyzes the intrinsic aspects of a literary work and omits the things that comes from the outside of the work such as the background of the work creation, the history or the biography of the author and the society that influence the work or the reader.

1. Character

` The character is a person in a story or plays that an author created. Every character has a different characterization, whereas characterization indicates to the attitudes or behavior of the character from one character to another and it can cause a conflict. Gill said (1985: 99-103), "characters can be described by how characters speak, the appearances, the social study of characters, the name of characters, and what characters do"

An event in fiction work is like an event in real daily life, always supported by the certain characters. A person who supports the event in fiction story so that the event is able to interlace a story is called character, while the way of the author in implementing the character is called characterization (Aminuddin, 1995: 79).

The roles of all characters are not always similar, as viewed from role sector or the important phase of a character in the story. Character consists of three dimensions.

The first dimension is physiology including age, sex, body, face, skin color, etc.

Sociology, this dimension tells about character's social status, work, education, social

9 activity, ideology, family, etc. The last dimension is psychology, this case makes the character able to be understood from the inside or this section describes character's mentality.

A Glossary of Literary Terms, the term ‘character' can be defined as follow:

Characters are the person represented in a dramatic or narrative work, who is interpreted by the readers as being endowed with particular moral, dispositional and emotional qualities by inferences from what the person says and their distinctive ways of saying it the dialogue and from what they do the action. (Abrams, 1981: 32). Character is very important in the story. A story without character is impossible to

make storyline. Character can make story keep moving, without characters, the story

cannot be formed as a literary work. In addition, character is a person who develops

the event in story of fiction until it can from a story. The characters in the novel have a

moral quality based on their expression through the word and the act.

The character in the fiction can be divided into some kinds based on the contradiction of the point of view and observation. There are two kinds of character in the story. The first, the main Character is an important person and role in the story, their performance appears many times and continuously in the story. The second, Minor

Character a person who appears in short description and their performance as the minor character appears when the story related to the main character.

Besides, based on their role, the character is divided into protagonist and

antagonist. Protagonists are the character who are admired. They also are call this

character as a hero because this character has good appearance and positive

characterization. This character also gives positive values and lovable for the reader.

While, there is in antagonist who this character is opposite from the protagonist and

this character which causes the conflict in the story. The antagonist has a bad

10 appearance and gives negative values. Based on the characterization, the character is divided into the simple and complex character. The simple in the character who has only one characteristic in the story. His act is flat and monotonous. The complex character is the character who has various of the life side and personality. He can present the various acts in the story. So, the writer concludes that the character is pretense individual in the story as a subject who suffers some events in the story.

2. Plot

The plot is the storyline in the novel, formulation as a series of events or incidents in the story in cause-effect. The plot is the basic framework is very important in the story. Plot divided into three parts that are beginning, middle and ending. The beginning tells about the exposition of conflict instability. Middle tells about the climax of the story. And the last part, the ending is the resolution of the conflict and the epilogue of the story. Plot is a series of events, situation, circumstances, and the action experienced by the characters in a story. The sequential set of events chronologically and have a causality relationship (Sumardjo,1986:141). Aristotle in

Abrams (1971:133) suggests, “a plot must be consisting f the beginning, the middle and the end, the three stages are important to recognize, especially if we intend to examine the plot of the fictional work in question” Plot control how action should be related to each other, how the incident gad relationship with another, how characters should be represented and participated in those actions and how the situations and feelings of characters involve in acts that are bound in the unity of time (Keraf,1989:

148).

Charles (1987: 136-137) explains that plot devices into four-part in plot structures. They are exposition or introduction, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution:

a. Exposition or Introduction

exposition or introduction is this step the opening of the story which the

author introduces all characters, how they related to no one another, basic

information in the story itself. The conflict or main problem is introduced as well.

b. Rising Action

This step introduction of conflicts and how the conflicts that became a

serious problem. It begins with the exposition and consists of a beginning of tension

that continues with conflicts between the characters.

c. Climax

This part is the point of the story. It is also the most strain thing that happens

in a story. The main character will make a big decision that defines the outcome of

their story.

d. Falling Action

This part shows the condition after the climax and the effects of climax. In

this part also shows when the crucial thing in a story has been reached. Falling action

or winding up the story, events and complications begin to resolve and the result of

actions of the main characters are put forward.

12 e. Resolution

This is the last part of plot, description how the story ends and the conflicts finally resolved. The plot can be called as close plot when the story has the clear solution for the conflict and does not leave another problem at the end of the story.

Plot may be the single most important device creating unity in particular story.

Kennedy (1996: 23) said, “It is through plot the organizes the raw material of experience and an author organizes the raw material of experiences must tell us a great deal about his way of understanding experiences must tell us a great deal about his way of understanding experience”. On the other definition, plot is the structure of events combination in the story which is ordered chronologically from the beginning until the end of the story. Plot manages the acts in the story has to contents with another act such as the relation among the events and the connection between the character.

3. Setting

Facing a work of fiction in essence it dealing with a world that is always equipped with characters and problems. But it is considered incomplete because the characters and various problems need the scope of place and time. Setting becomes very important role in a story because readers have to know where the character is often located. The setting is the imaginary world within a story. The setting is not only a simple background of a story but also shows cultural or historical contents as the influence of the plot in a story. The elements on setting can build the story and makes the story became real. According to Nurgiyantoro (2004: 227-233),

13 background can be divided into three elements, which are the background of places, the background of time and social background.

In a story, the background of places refers to the place or location a story happened. The element may be used where the places with the specified name as well as certain initials. Furthermore, the background of time refers to the time of certain period a story happened. The description includes date, month, year, century, or even the natural condition such as morning, afternoon, and night. Background of time associated with the problem of "when" the occurrence of the events recounted in a work. The problem of "when" is usually with time. The last is social background which refers to the situation of environment a story happened and relating to the social behavior of people in a place that is told in a fiction. It includes habits, customs, traditions, beliefs, existing norms, the way of thinking and way of life.

With this description, the readers expected to understand the conflict of the certain time of period in the social life of the community.

For the explanation above, setting of the place is meant as explanation on place where the events in the story take places. Setting of time means everything about time or age of event the story. Social setting is defined as the historical context within which the story take place. It encompasses the phenomena taking place at a certain time period in history, social trends, and parameters behavior.

4. Theme

Theme can be defined as the controlling idea, by theme the reader can get the story clearly. According to Staton (2002: 07), theme gives a strong explained about the unity of what is happening in the story and tell the story of life in a common

14 context. The theme may be a problem of moral, ethical, religious, social, cultural and technological traditions are closely associated with the problems of life.

In addition, Fcholes (1981: 195) says that every fiction or literary works have theme. The theme includes ideas and point of view. The theme can be found by seeing the author, how they present their interest, how to treat a common theme, how they shape a moral, how they use the important speech and important event. The presence if the theme in a literary work is one element in building a story together with other elements to form a unity. The theme is often also referred to as the basic story. “The theme is the notion, idea, or the main thought in both the revealed literature and that has not been revealed” (Sudjiman, 1990:79). The meaning of the themes particularly in an essay can be seen from two sides. First, from the point of writing that has been completed. The theme is a massage delivered by the writer through his writing. Second, in terms of the formulation process of the topic that will be achieved through the topic.

In addition, theme is one of important intrinsic aspects that has a role to improve the literary work because theme is the basic of the author to build a story.

Theme can from some topic of the story. It can be defined as the instruction that is presented by the author in the story. The main function of theme is giving an input for the other intrinsic elements such as character, setting, and plot. It becomes the last element that unites the whole of the story. It means that the author creates and forms the plot, presents the character, in the basic, it is an act that is led by theme.

Therefore, theme is possible consist of moral or moral teachings. Before making literary works that he will create which will be useful for the readers, besides that,

15 theme is soul of the story so before analyze other elements, the writer should analyze about theme first, because theme will always relate and connect to the other elements.

C. The Concept of Obsession

Everyone is potential of having obsession. According to Merriam Webster

Dictionary (2017), obsession is:

A compulsive preoccupation with a fixed idea or an unwanted feeling or emotion, often accompanied by symptoms of anxiety. A compulsive, often unreasonable idea or emotion. a welcome, uncontrollable, and persistent idea, thought, image, or emotion that a person cannot help thinking even though it creates significant distress or anxiety. Based on the description above, obsession can be described as compulsive preoccupation which keeps someone’s though focuses on a single thing repetitively.

In addition, obsession is an unbearable or coercive push and not makes sense to do something (Frankl, 1968: 470). Basically, an obsession is a desire, but different from an impulsive desire which the urge comes suddenly or in a short time. In an obsession case, the preoccupation stays in mind for long period. In order to satisfy an obsession, it requires devotion or, in other word, the fulfillment of the desire.

Another definition was given by Jenike et al (1986: 214) in the following as:

Obsessions are disturbing and repetitive thoughts, impulses, and images that come into being by themselves and cannot be controlled, although they usually do not always seem irrational to the individual who experiences them. the most common obsession with fear of contamination, the fear of expressing sexual or aggressive impulses. Based on the explanation above, the obsession is always a thought or idea

that usually cannot be controlled and also does not make sense to most people.

obsession is also a passionate, aggressive, fearful, and unresponsive.

In addition, some characteristics of obsession can be found by writer are anxiety, egoistic, and irrational:

1. Anxiety

Edelman (1992:200) explain that, anxiety is apprehension, tension, or uneasiness which stems from the inception of danger the source of which is largely unknown or unrecognized. In the other hand (Goldman,1996: 35 ).

Anxiety is the condition of feeling uneasy or worried about what may happen.

Anxiety is a feeling of wanting to do something very much (Bulton,2005:860).

The other hand “anxiety is a natural and natural thing happening in human life. anything, anywhere, must happen and always accompany the human heart. people who do not have anxiety will be classified as abnormal because they do not have or lose the sense that is conferred by God, but if not controlled will endanger the soul and hamper success. anxiety comes in Latin is called anxius and in German anGst then becomes anxiety. it is a word that is used by Freud to describe a negative effect and dependence” (Darmanto Jatman,200:37).

Based on the explanation above, anxiety is a feeling of fear or restless in something that can threaten a person and every human being has anxiety because it is natural to human life. but if it does not have the taste then the classified as abnormal, whereas if the anxiety is excessive can endanger the soul.

2. Egoistic

“Egoistic is a person who self-contered or selfish” (Goldman,1996: 278)

Based in the explanation, egoistic is only concerned with oneself, just focusing on the welfare of oneself without caring about others. egoistic is a person who thinks only of himself. He does not care about the fate of others. Emotional intelligence is low. He does not like many people. When speaking he does not care about the feelings of others. When there is a division of something he is selfish. He never thought that his actions caused many people to lose. (Farid et al,2008).

So, egoistic means behavior based on the impulse to benefit oneself rather than for the welfare of others or all actions and actions are always caused by the desire to benefit oneself

Based on the quotation, the obsession is a feeling arising out of a desire for a certain expectation. Everyone has the potential to have an obsession, hoping that the obsession matches what he wants. However, obsessions do not always manifest as one hopes, so that the obsession has the potential to put negative pressure on a person. People who experience something like this will do things beyond reasonable, unreasonable, and illogical action. the stress on obsessions leads to excessive anxiety so as to suggest aggressive behavior that harms others.

This situation is causing chaos in people's lives, including the destruction of society.

CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY

In this chapter, the writer explains about the method that is used in analyzing of Jane Austen’s Lady Susan. The writer uses four methods, those are: methodological design, methods of collecting data, the method of analyzing data, and research procedure.

A. Methodological Design

Research is a process of looking for something systematically using the scientific method to solve problems along with supporting data as the basis of the conclusion, the scientist method can be applied in a research study design acceding to what is needed. The study design is a process that is required in the planning and execution of the research (Semi, 1993: 99).

Methodological design used in researching novel Lady Susan by Jane Austen is the application of methods of analysis of literary works by using a structuralism approach to find the causes of the obsession in the work.

1. Qualitative Research

The method on research this object is using qualitative methods. According to

Endraswara (2013: 96) said that important feature in qualitative research in the study of literature is the research conducted descriptively (described in the form of words), more emphasis on process rather than results because literature is phenomenon that many invites interpretation, analysis inductively and meaning became the main char.

In addition, this method also gives attention to the nature odd data, the data in relation to the existence of context. In the humanities, the data is sourced on the work, the script, the data research, as formal data are words, sentences, and discourse.

In this research object will examine the issues concerning the obsession of

the main character. After understanding the object of study, then found an obsession

that occurred in the main character in the novel. From the data has been found that

the problem of obsession experienced by the main character in the novel is then

analyzed based on the theories described previously.

2. Descriptive analysis

Whitney (1960:160) explains that descriptive method is finding with the right

interpretation. In this method, the study can only compare certain phenomena it is a

comparative study. Descriptive research is characterized as simply the attempt to

determine, describe or identify what is, while analytical research attempts to

establish why it is that way or how it comes to be. Descriptive research is aimed at

casting light in current issues or problems through a process of data collection that

enable them to describe the situation more completely than was possible without

employing this method. Descriptive studies are used to describe various aspect of the

phenomenon.

B. Method of Collecting Data

There are several methods of collecting data. In this research writer uses the literature study and library research as the method of collecting data. Literature study is research, which is done to the written sources such as documents, annually report, constitution regulation, and diploma of certificate. Library research is the method of collecting data with any references, book, thesis and articles that related to analyzing this research.

In this research, the writer tries to get information by reading the novel Lady Susan and other materials related to the problems in this research. The writer collects information about personality, obsession of the main character found in the novel also other character impact obsession of the main character.

C. Method of Analyzing Data

After completing in collecting the data, next step is analyzing data. In this research, the writer analyzes and focuses to answer the research question from the first chapter by reading the data that has been collected. The data uses structuralism approach and descriptive method with Lady Susan novel as the main data. In this case, descriptive method means to analyze the element of literary work in detail such as the character, plot, theme and through the text of the story. Data that had collected any marked before from Austen's Lady Susan will be analyzed through the obsession of the main character.

D. Research Procedure

In this research based on the technique of data collection, there are several following procedures:

1. Reading and observing the novel Lady Susan as a core object of this research.

2. Identifying the issues that have to discuss in this research.

3. Determining the main problem or focus of this research.

4. Making a note of a number of problems, which are related the research topic.

5. Listing the related information that supports the research.

6. Limiting and formulating the problems that are going to be analysis.

7. Collecting and classifying the data.

8. Choosing and approach that use for analyzing the research.

9. Analyzing the data by using the suitable approach that consistent the developed

information.

10. Drawing conclusion as a result over the research of this analysis.

11. All parts are collected into a thesis for obtaining Sarjana Degree in English

Department, Hasanuddin University.

CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS

in this chapter, the writer explains the analysis of structural aspect of novel using Structural Approach. it describes about the intrinsic elements of the novel such as, character, plots, setting and themes. The writer also discusses about the obsession and how does the obsession effect of main character to other characters in the novel.

A. Structural aspect of Lady Susan

The intrinsic elements are the elements contained in a literary work with the aim of constructing the story. In general, the intrinsic elements of literary works are character, plot, setting, and theme:

1. Character and Characterization.

Character is the person in the story who has crucial parts to run a story. In the novel lady Susan, the writer explains about characters that exist in this novel, they are Lady Susan, Frederica, Mr. Johnson, Mrs. Johnson, Mr. Charles Vernon,

Mrs. Catherine Vernon, Mr. Reginald De Coursy junior, Sir. Reginald De

Courcy, Lady De Coursy, Mr. James, Mr. Mainwaring And Mrs. Mainwaring.

The major character is Lady Susan, while the others are the minor character.

a. Lady Susan

Lady Susan is the main character in Lady Susan novel. She was a widow of one daughter who was thirty-five years old. She has a very beautiful physique so that those who see him are rooted because of their beauty as the statement in letter 6:

…. She is really excessively pretty. However, you may chuse to question the allurements of a lady no longer young, I must for my own part declare that I have seldom seen so lovely a woman as Lady Susan. She is delicately fair, with fine grey eyes and dark eyelashes; and appearance not suppose her more than five and twenty she must in fact be ten years older (Austen, 2016:14).

Besides graceful, Lady Susan is also an intelligent woman. The combination of elegance, intelligence and calmness possessed to form a perfect woman but the most famous character she has a flirt character. This is evidenced by the ethics shown to people with feminine and affectionate, “I cannot help feeling that she possesses an uncommon union of symmetry, Brilliancy and

Grace. Her address to me was so gentle, frank and affectionate.” (Austen,

2016:14). It also becomes the greatness of the Lady Susan that makes the people around her ability to be deceived easily, especially the men as the statement in

Letter 12, “Her neglect of her husband, her encouragement of other Men, her extravagance and dissipation were so gross and notorious, that no one could be ignorant of them at the time, nor can now have forgotten them” (Austen. 2016:

30).

She has character taking control of all those who obstruct the desire and prove her ability in getting men, thus making her beauty and attitude in order to be able to find a rich new husband for herself and her daughter named Frederica.

She also has a luxurious lifestyle and very wasteful, so difficult to be removed with circumstances very different from his previous life.

b. Frederica

Frederica is from a sixteen-years old Lady Susan, she has a character quite upside-down with her mother, except for her very pretty face. she has a smart,

24 shy, very graceful, but stubborn personality. Frederica has a very melodious voice that can sing well. It can be seen in the quotation in letter 17.

Frederica does not seem to have the sort of temper to make server it necessary. She looks perfectly timid, dejected and patient. She is very, tho’ not so handsome as her Mother, nor at all like her. Her complexion is delicate, but neither so fair, nor so blooming as Lady Susan’s and she has quite the Vernon cast of countenance, the oval face and mild dark eyes, and there is peculiar sweetness in her look when she speaks either to her uncle or me (Austen, 2016:46).

On the wishes of her mother, she was mated with a rich nobleman in

Langford named Mr. James, but she did not approve of the wishes of her mother so she made the decision to escape from her dorm. For this she became increasingly threatened by her own mother, causing fear, moodiness, and misery to be near her mother. After that Frederica had also explained politely and courteously to her mother for not agreeing to her by the match that she would rather teach than marry Mr. James but she gets a rejection from his mother for his intentions c. Alicia

Alicia is the wife of Mr. Johnson who is a rich nobleman in Langford. She is a very beautiful woman and has the same age as Lady Susan. She is a close friend of Lady Susan, she has the same characteristics as Lady Susan that an agitator and materialistic. Alicia is where Lady Susan pours out her stories so well as to know the nature of her best friend, Alicia is also the one who supports and incites all the plans or wishes of Lady Susan. It can be seen in Letter 26:

I am gratified be your reference, and this is my advice; that you come to town yourself without loss of time, but that you leave Frederica behind.it would surely be much more to the purpose to get yourself well established be marrying Mr. De Coursy, then to irritate him and the rest of his family

by making her marry Sir James, you should think more yourself, and less of your daughter. she is not disposition to do you credit in the world and seems precisely in her proper place at Churchill with the Vernon’s but you are fitted for Society, and it is shameful to have you excited from it. Leave Frederica therefore to punish herself for the plague she has given you, by indulging that romantic tender-heartedness which will always ensure her misery enough; and come yourself to Town, as soon as you can (Austen, 2016:86).

She is very concerned with his friend and strongly supports all the bad deeds made Lady Susan. Alicia is also flirtatious, she likes to tease a handsome man even though she has a husband. "Keep him therefore, I entreat you in

Edward Street. You will not find him a heavy companion and allow you to flirt with him as much as you like "(Austen, 2016: 98).

Alicia has the same characteristics with Lady Susan. She always gives support to her best friend whether it is a bad thing actually. In this part, Alicia give an advice but according to the writer her suggestion is not right. She asks

Lady Susan to leave Frederica and support her willing. Alicia always makes

Lady decision in right position, while actually it is not wrong.

d. Mr. Vernon

Mr. Charles Vernon is the young brother of the Lady Susan's husband. He was a very prosperous nobleman in the village of Churchill, already had a good reputation in banking. He has a very kind, forgiving and friendly, the treatment of Lady Susan at the time Charles wanted to marry his wife is not good, she did various ways to prevent the marriage because she did not approve of the marriage. Charles thought it was over and forgave Lady Susan by allowing her to stay with him at Churchill until Lady Susan's troubles died down at Langford.

…..that no one less amiable and mild than himself could have overlooked it at all; and tho’ as his brother’s widow and in narrow circumstances it was proper to render her pecuniary assistance, I cannot help thinking his pressing invitation to her to visit us at Churchill perfectly unnecessary (Austen, 2016:7).

can be seen in the quotation above that Mr. Vernon was very kind to Lady

Susan who was able to forgive her past mistakes so she helped the economic

needs and told her to come to Churchill.

e. Mrs. Vernon

Mrs. Vernon was the wife of Mr. Charles Vernon and Lady Susan sister in-law, she was the first child of the De Coursy family who was a descendant of nobility. She has two children: Frederic and Emily who were still small.

Catherine has a character that is not easy to believe, always suspicious, and alert to what happens. It can be seen in his behavior towards Lady Susan. She does not like Lady Susan approaching her brother. She was very alert and suspicious with the woman was told to know his bad nature. Catherine worried that Reginald fell in love with the widow. As the statement in Letter 8:

I cannot receive that pleasure from the length of his visit which my brother’s company would otherwise give me. I am indeed provoked at the artifice of this unprincipled woman. What stronger proof of her dangerous abilities can be given, than this perversion of Reginald’s judgement, which when he entered the house was so decidedly again her! (Austen, 2016:21).

On another hand, Catherine was kind enough to not have the heart and wanted to help Frederica in the misery she had experienced from her mother all this time. “Frederica, you ought to have told me all your distresses. You would have found in me a friend always ready to assist you. Do you think that your

27 uncle and I should not have espoused your cause as warmly as my brother?”

(Austen, 2016:72-73).

On the quotation above Mrs. Vernon was very pity to her nephew for seeing that the child was getting depressed more and more by her own mother.

So, She wants to be a friend and can help solve the problem.

f. Mr. Reginald De Coursy Junior

Mr. Reginald is the young brother of Mrs. Catherine Vernon and is the sole beneficiary of the De Coursy family. He was very handsome and has a flirt character but he also a fickle man, as with Lady Susan, Reginald who previously did not like and thought very negative to Lady Susan can quickly be inversely after meeting with the woman, as the statement in Letter 8:

In his letter he actually gave me some particulars of her behavior at Langford, such as he received from a gentleman who knew her perfectly well, which if true must raise abhorrence again her, and which Reginald himself was entirely disposed to of any woman in England. And when he first came it was evident that he considered her as one entitled neither to Delicacy nor respect, and that he felt she would be delighted with the attention of any Man inclined to flirt with her. His admiration was at first very strong, but no more than was natural I did not wonder at this being by the gentleness and delicacy of her Manners (Austen, 2016:21).

Reginald was instantly bewitched after knowing Lady Susan, he was very pro with the woman and ignored the advice and words of the people around her about Lady Susan. According to him, the woman is very knowledgeable and intelligent.

g. Sir Reginald De Coursy

Sir Reginald is the father of Mrs. Vernon and Mr. Reginal De Coursy

Junior. He is a respected rich nobleman in Parklands. He was a proud man of his

28 youngest son and worries that his youngest child married with a very cunning widow. He was weak and old so expect his son to be established and happy. Then oppose the matchmaking that he thinks will be based on trickery and will eventually bring the pain as the statement in letter 12.

my years increasing infirmities make me very desirous my dear Reginald, of seeing you settled in the world. To the fortune of your wife, the goodness of my own, will make me indifferent; but her family and her character must be equally unexceptionable. When your choice is so fixed as that no objection can be made to either, I can promise you a ready cheerful consent but it is my duty to oppose a Match, which deep Art only could render probable, and must in the end make wretched (Austen, 2016:30).

Sir Reginald was worried and uncomfortable about the reproaches from their distant and close relatives if he knew his sole heir would be married to a widow with twelve-years old different from his son, and then the bad character of

Lady Susan is a serious matter for him. The father finds out if Lady Susan if only after his wealth.

g. Mr. James

Mr. James is a young nobleman from Langford. he is a friend of Lady

Susan, she likes Lady Susan's daughter and intends to be arranged. He has a cheerful nature, funny, a little Rattle and aggressive. At the time he found out

Frederica was at Churchill he quickly overtook Frederica and made the people who were there surprised her and Mr. James came to Churchill of course to approach and wanted Frederica's attention.

in the breakfast we found Lady Susan and a young Man of genteel appearance, whom she introduced to me by the name of Sir James Martin, the very person, as you may remember, whom it was said she been at pains to detach from Miss Mainwaring; but the conquest it seems was not

designed for herself, or she has since trans-ferred it to her daughter, for Sir James is now desperately in love with Frederica (Austen, 2016:54-55). Suddenly Mr. James came to Churchill without being noticed by Lady

Susan and the other, in order to meet the daughter of the woman because he had fallen in love with her.

h. Mr. Mainwaring

Mr. Mainwaring is an interesting man because it can make Lady Susan fall

in love with her while she has a wife. Mainwaring has its own charisma so that

people who are beside it feel comfortable. Besides he can also be captivated by

lady Susan to forget his wife and establish a forbidden relationship with the

woman. The rumor is very famous in Langford. As the statement in Letter 2.

When I first came to Langford, and Mainwaring is so uncommonly pleasing that I was not without apprehensions myself. I remember saying to myself as I drove to the house, I like this man; pray heaven no harm come of it! But I was determined to be discreet, to bear in mind my being only four months a widow, and to be as a quiet as possible and I have been so; my dear creature, I have admitted no one’s attentions but Mainwaring’s, I have avoided all general flirtation whatever, I have distinguished no creature besides all the numbers resorting hither, except Sir James (Austen.2016:3).

Unexpectedly Lady Susan, she has fallen in love with the Mainwaring

figure who in fact is the husband of someone but she must be careful and

restraint if because of remembering just four months the woman was widowed.

i. Mrs. Mainwaring

Mrs. Mainwaring was a very unfortunate wife because her beloved man

betrayed her with her own friend, she is a whiny and weak female woman. He

did not expect his friend to capture her husband and make his household on the

verge of collapse by the tempter's widow. Mrs. Mainwaring has requested a

solution to her guardian Mr. Johnson but has no way out and ends with a spell.

As the Statement in letter 4 “...she gave jealousy and wretchedness to his wife"

(Austen, 2016: 9).

2. Plot

Plot is regarded as the chronology of events. The writer describes the

chronology of the events that arranged in Persuasion sequentially. The plot

consists of exposition, rising action, climax, falling action and resolution.

a. Exposition

Lady Susan sent a letter to her brother-in-law that is Mr. Vernon at

Churchill to say he accepted a call to stay for a while at Mrs house Vernon in

Churchill. In the letter, Lady Susan expressed that she was impatient to come and

meet the wife and child of her sister-in-law she hoped to be liked by them. and

said that his mental state was unstable because of something in Langford and her

decision to chase her daughter in one of the best private schools in town.

I can no longer refuse myself the pleasure of profiting by your kind invitation when we last parted, of spending some weeks with you at Churchill and therefore if convenient to you and Mrs. Vernon to receive me at present, I shall hope within a few days to be introduced to a sister, whom I have so long desires to be acquainted with (Austen,2016:1).

Lady Susan has gone to Churchill because the story that developed about

her very famous in Langford is due to her widowed status and being a seductive

woman, she has a forbidden relationship with Mr. Mainwaring is the husband of

his own friend and teases the rich nobleman namely, Mr. James.“…..we are now

in a sad state; no house was ever more altered; the whole family are at war, and

Man-waring scarcely dares speak to me”. Because of Langford's unpleasant

situation, Lady Susan stayed for a while at Churchill for the rumors about her to

be forgotten by the people at Langford. At Churchill Lady, Susan meets

Reginald's sister from Mrs.'s wife. Vernon who is the sole beneficiary of the De

Coursy family.

b. Rising

Lady Susan managed to conquer Reginal De Coursy who previously rated

Lady Susan as a teaser to be very loving and obedient to the woman. So, the

sister and Reginald's parents were anxious and struck the decision of Reginald

to marry Lady Susan because due to the age very far away, Lady Susan has bad

character and already have Sixteen-years old daughter. However, Reginald did

not listen to his family and just listened to whatever Lady Susan said because of

a great feeling towards Lady Susan and she intends to marry the woman.

….I cannot help fearing that you may be drawn in by the Lady who has lately attached you, to a Marriage, which the whole of your family, far, and near, must highly reprobate. Lady Susan’s age is itself material objection, but her wants of character is one so much more serious, but her want of character is one of so much more serious, that the different of even twelve years becomes in comparison of small account. Were you not blinded by sort of fascination. My years and increasing infirmities make me desirous my dear Reginald, of seeing you settled in the world.it is my duty to oppose a Match, which deep Art only could reader probable, and must in the end make wretched. It would destroy every comfort my life, to know that were married to Lady Susan Vernon (Austen, 2016:29-30).

Besides having problems with Reginald's family, Lady Susan also has another problem with her daughter Frederica. She escaped from her dormitory for getting a letter from her mother to marry him. He rejected the plan so that it took action to escape. Miss summer principal sent a letter to Lady Susan to get her child out of the school, so Lady Susan was furious with Frederica.

Never my dearest Alicia, was I so provoked in my life as by a letter this morning from Miss Summer. That horrid girl of mine has been trying to run away. I had not a notion of being such a little devil before; see seemed to have all the Vernon Milkiness; but on receiving the letter in which I declared my intentions about Sir James, she actually attempted to elope; at least I cannot otherwise account for her doing it (Austen, 2016:42).

Because of the incident, Lady Susan told Alicia that she was very upset

because Frederica escape from the dorm. she did not think her daughter could

commit such desperate. c. Climax

Reginald was very disappointed with Lady Susan for knowing she was still in touch with Mr. Mainwaring and knowing that he was lying. Reginald was very disappointed with Lady Susan because Mr. Mainwaring came to his residence without Reginald's knowledge. Miss Mainwaring knew about it and went to Mr.

Johnson home and reported what her husband and Lady Susan did. At the same time, Reginald was there so he heard all the facts about the woman, as the statement Letter 32:

…… She came to this house to entreat my Husband’s interference, and before I could be aware of it, everything that you could wish to be concealed, was known to him; and unluckily she had wormed out of Mainwaring’s servant that he had visited you every day since your being in town and had just watched him too your door herself! What could I do? Facts are horrid things! All is by this town known to De Coursy, who is now alone with Mr.Johnson. do not accuse me; indeed it was impossible to prevent it (Austen, 2016:99).

Reginald spilled her disappointment with Lady Susan with a letter she had sent to her that she already knew the true nature of the woman from a trusted source. He was furious that he had been deceived by the good nature of the

woman. In additional, Reginald feels very betrayed because of his unrequited

love sincerity. All that was done for the woman was just wasted.

d.Falling action

After in the letter, Reginald explains that he no longer wants to establish a

special relationship with Lady Susan because it already knows the true nature of

the woman and hope she did not bother her anymore. Then Lady Susan replied to

Reginald's letter and agreed not to throw the man away and feel disappointed

without feeling contempt for what he was doing to the man, as the statement in

letter 37:

I am satisfied and will trouble you no more when these few lines are dismissed. The engagement which you were eager to form a fortnight ago, is no longer compatible with yours views, and I rejoice to find that the prudent advice of your restoration to peace will, I doubt not, speedily follow this act of filial obedience, and I flatter myself with the hope of surviving my share in this disappointment (Austen, 2016:106).

Lady Susan never felt guilty and regretted what she did to Reginald who had an impact on the turmoil and caused deep disappointment with the man.

e. Resolution

After the problem, Lady Susan wishes to bring Frederica from Churchill to

Langford again to get a decent education in London. Not long after that when

Frederica was at Langford, he still sent a letter to Mrs. Vernon in each of his

letters he said that he was uncomfortable and very depressed was beside his

mother. Mrs. Vernon had already heard the story from his sister over what had

happened at Langford and that made Mrs. Vernon with Lady Susan gets worse.

She was anxious to keep Frederica with such a mother and take care of herself,

even though his chances of success are small he will be determined to do

anything to make his sister-in-law approve of his decision. Mrs. Vernon also

visited London and immediately suggested to bring Frederica back to the village.

Lady Susan cannot express her happiness on Mrs. Vernon’s good intentions.

Frederica returned to Churchill with his uncle and aunt. Three weeks later.

Lady Susan announces her marriage to Sir James Martin. Though inviting her

daughter back to London with one or two letters, she did not deny that Frederica's

visit was extended. Within two months, Lady Susan no longer wrote letters.

Therefore, Frederica became a permanent member of his uncle and aunt's family

until the time of Reginald Decaursy can forget Lady Susan and can love the girl

is expected within a year. No one knows Lady Susan's life after that. nothing can

fight Lady Susan apart from her husband and his conscience.

3. Setting

In analyzing lady Susan novel, the writer studies the setting that influences

the character. Setting of the place is meant as explanation on place where the

events in the story take places. Setting of time means everything about time or

age of event the story. Social setting is defined as the historical context within

which the story take place. It encompasses the phenomena taking place at a

certain time period in history, social trends, and parameters behavior.

a. Setting of place

Events that occur in Lady Susan's novels are located in London such as

Langford, Churchill, Parklands, Edward Street, upper Seymour street. These

places explain where each character in the novel lives and where the letters are

written. Churchill is the novel's main events take place. The Churchill estate is

35 the home of the Vernon’s family. Churchill represents an idealized Victorian pastoral whereas London is decadent. It is an affluent and lush estate where the upper crust gathers and most characters are trying to gain admittance into

Churchill.

Churchill is the place where Lady Susan letter to send because there was the inciting incident of the tale. Churchill stands for a type of lifestyle that all characters are aspiring towards, that is a successful one by Victorian standards.

Churchill is also the open arena of the story's main power struggles, where everyone makes a formal show of propriety in keeping with manners. Churchill is a country Village in London that is home to the brother-in-law of Lady Susan and her family and the place where Lady Susan's sole place is to stay temporarily after moving out of town. In Parklands is the home of Mrs.'s Catherine Vernon and Sir Reginald De Coursy parents. Edward street is the home of Mrs. Alicia

Johnson is a friend of Lady Susan. Upper Seymour street is the home of Lady

Susan in the city of London. b. Setting of time

The story in this novel begins in December at Langford 1794. Which, the widow is highly excommunicated and underestimated in London. Like a widow in general, Lady Susan gets scorn and rumors from her neighbors and is mostly talked about by men. A common simulation takes place in a social environment.

However, with the status of the widow, Lady Susan still convince herself not to be played by the man. Most men love widows because their sexual exotics are more experienced than virgins. In 1794 the England, lady at that time was

36 famous for her competitive appearance and social status. Women of the upper classes greatly exalt their social status with elegant appearance, expensive lifestyles, disorder and karmic order must be highlighted.

The story was so complicated that it had been four months to be a widow that year and the only way to improve her social status by finding a potential nobleman for herself and for her daughter. After a few months later he reportedly married, he began unexpected people, "I was determined to be distressed, to bear in mind my being a four month a widow" (Austen, 2016: 3). c. Social background

The social background on Lady Susan novel is to explain how the upper class as a member receives teaching (from birth). Upon at that time is very honorable by maintaining good ethics, manners, elegance, and must have the advantage of having to know foreign languages and art as a value which is more to be a beautiful woman, "Langford appears to be the most beautiful woman in the world. Mainwaring"(Austen, 2016: 3).

In appearance in the novel requires women to wear gloves when in public, during formal dinners and while attending a party. Women need to know the man who approached him. The man lowered his head and waited for the woman to nod in reply. Women will not reply with a bow if they do not want to acknowledge the man. If he smiles or bows in return, he understands that he wants it or he is acceptable. The look is so elegant and classic that it always wears a long and stacked dress or ruffle low and high collar model that makes the appearance more elegant and wearing a hat to complement their luxuries. has a

British speaking style and uses old English and uses beautiful language styles in letters between characters, “I cannot help feeling that possesses an uncommon union of symmetry, Brilliancy and Grace. Her address to me was so gentle, frank and affectionate" (Austen, 2016: 14).

4. Theme

Theme is foundation of a story as the writer mentioned previously. The author will make them as the fundamental elements before developing it.

Therefore, theme is a soul of the story. It is unifying concept in making a fiction.

In the novel Lady Susan, the major themes is Greed.

I am now satisfied that I never could have brought myself to marry Reginald, and am equally determined that Frederica never shall. To- morrow, I shall fetch her from Churchhill, and let Maria Mainwaring tremble for the consequence. Frederica shall be Sir James’s wife before she quits my house, and she may whimper, and the Vernons may storm, I regard them not. I am tired of submitting my will to the caprices of others; of resigning my own judgment in deference to those to whom I owe no duty, and for whom I feel no respect (Austen, 2016:109-110).

This novel explains about greedy to win and unbeatable of something, a woman who has obsession to conquer people with deceit and selfishness behavior she has until it causes conflict. Do anything to get what she wants to take control, does not care with suffering of others because of her. In the novel of

Lady Susan, writer can detect that greedy is the main character behave that cause many disputes and negative effect to others characters.

The Concept of Obsession

Obsession is a vast and complex psychological case. Obsession is a case that is closely related to the will, desire, and ideals. Thus, everyone is potential of having their own obsession in their own mind. It is the state where people are

preoccupied by their desires which can be something they want or avoid.

Obsession has negative side, either because of the impact it brings or the way it is

fulfilled. Characteristics of obsession can be found by writer are anxiety and

egoistic

1. Anxiety

One characteristic of an obsession is the anxiety. The anxiety of lady

Susan are:

Lady Susan is anxious and thinks that her possessions will be exhausted,

so before she lacks her wealth and restores her social status the way she used to,

Lady Susan thinks how to find potential men for herself and for her daughter.

unexpectedly he got the man but the man was the husband of the man

Mr.Mainwaring to make a mess at Langford and the lady Susan also made Mr.

James parted ways with Miss Mainwaring for him to turn to his son, as the

quotation in letter 2:

Mainwaring is so uncommonly pleasing that I was not without apprehensions myself. I remember to myself as I drove to the house, I like this man; pray heaven no harm come of it! But I was determined to be discreet, to bear in mind my being only four months a widow, and to be as quiet possible, and I have been so; my dear crteature, I have admitted no one’s attentions but Mainwaring’s, I have avoided all general flirtation whatever, I have distinguished no creature besides of all the numbers resorting hither, except Sir James Martin, on whom I bestowed a little notice in order to detach him from Miss Mainwaring (Austen,2016:3).

In the quotation above, you can see portrait Lady Susan who loves the

wife of a person and has a special relationship with Mr. Mainwaring that made

Mrs. Maiwaring is very hurt and crying continuously, Lady Susan can also tempt

Mr 'James to part with Miss Mainwaring so Mr. James can turn to Frederica. The

39 bad rumors spread throughout the city and made Lady Susan move temporarily to Churchill.

Lady Susan worried that her presence at Churchill was not badly welcomed by Mrs. Vernon as a result of his behavior prevented their marriage and all his bad traits at Langford were known to his sister-in-law. But the anxiety was covered with his calm demeanor, as the statement in letter 5:

I wanted her to be delighted at seeing me. I was as amiable as possible on the occasion, but all in vain she does not like me. To be sure, when we consider that I did take some pains to prevent my brother in-law’s marrying her, this want to cordiality is not very surprising and yet it shews an illiberal and vindictive spirit to resent a project which influenced me six years ago and which never succeeded at last (Austen,2016:11).

On the quote illustrates how Lady Susan is worried about Catherine who was not well received upon arriving at Churchill. Lady Susan feels disliked by

Catherine due to her previous behavior, preventing her sister-in-law from marrying her 6 years ago.

Susan's subsequent anxiety was to Frederica who was expelled by her school for escaping from her dormitory for her daughter's rejection form for a marriage with Mr. James Martin and Lady Susan are also worried that no school will accept his daughter for his actions. Lady Susan will punish Frederica by forcing her to marry Mr. James.

Lady Susan had received a line from him by that day’s post informing her that’s Miss Summers had absolutely refused to allow of Miss Vernon’s continuance in her academy. Lady Susan who had been shedding tears before and shewing great agitation at the idea of meeting, received her with perfect self-command (Austen,2016:45).

On the quote above Lady Susan is worried by meeting her daughter who has been expelled from the academy due to her actions. Lady Susan never imagined that her son could do such a stunt, she was afraid that no school would be able to accept her daughter. As a result, Lady Susan increasingly hates her son and barely speaks to his daughter. The other hand, Lady Susan is also afraid if

Reginald know the feelings of Frederica who loves her. It made Susan lady feel threatened because it would get hit and make all her plans ruined

I have for some time been more particularly resolved on the match, from seeing the rapid increase of her affection for Reginald and from not feeling perfectly secure that a knowledge of that affection might not in the end awaken a return. Contemptible as a regard founded only on compassion, must make them both, in my eyes, I felt by no means assured that such might consequence (Austen,2016:62-63).

The quotation illustrates, Lady Susan worries that Reginald will know how her daughter feels about her. And be a threat to himself because his plan will fail because of his own daughter. Next Anxiety from Lady Susan is that she is afraid of Reginald knowing that her relationship with Mainwaring is so true that her lies and tricks are uncovered all along. Lady Susan finds out if her plan is uncovered

Reginald will cancel their engagement and leave Lady Susan, as the statement in letter 31

…. keep him therefore I entreat you in Edward street. You will not find him a heavy companion and allow you to flirt with him as much as you like. At the same time you do not forget my real interest; say all that you can to convince him that I shall be quiet wretched if he remain here; you know my reasons, propriety and so forth. I would urge them more for myself, but that I am impatient to be rid of him, as Mainwaring comes within half and hour (Austen,2016: 98).

The quotation above illustrates Susan lady is worried that reginald comes

suddenly without her knowledge so tells Alicia to keep her in Jlan Edward. Lady

Susan will not let Reginald know her bad behavior behind Reinald.

2. egoistic

Lady Susan always demands everything she wants to be able to control

what she wants to achieve So do the various ways with the expertise she has, no

matter the bad impact felt by the people around her.

I am now satisfied that I never could have brought my self to marry Reginald and am equally determined that Frederica never shall. Tomorrow I shall fetch her from Churchill and let Maria Mainwaring tremble for the consequence. Frederica shall be Sir James’s wife before she quits my house. She may whimper, and the Vernons may storm; I regard them not (Austen,2016:109-110).

In the above quotation illustrates Lady Susan is very selfish, she does not

care about the feelings of others especially for her daughter. She will continue to

force her daughter to marry Sir James, so Miss Mainwaring is hurt and the

Vernon family can be angry with her for what she did. She always felt that

everything she did was right.

B. The Obsession of Main Character in the novel

The obsession is a feeling arising out of a desire for a certain expectation.

Everyone has the potential to have an obsession, hoping that the obsession matches what he wants. However, obsessions do not always manifest as one hopes, so that the obsession has the potential to put negative pressure on a person.

People who experience something like this will do things beyond reasonable, unreasonable, and illogical action. the stress on obsessions leads to excessive

42 anxiety so as to suggest aggressive behavior that harms others. This situation is causing chaos in people's lives, including the destruction of society. Obsession shown in the novel, Lady Susan is able to control all of those with appropriate chill materialized.

In the beginning of this novel, Lady Susan lives in Langford precisely in the Mainwaring family. At that moment Lady Susan was four months widowed, she worried and thought that her fortune would be exhausted, so before she lacked her wealth and could restore her social status as the ever Lady Susan wanted to get a potential man for herself and for her daughter. She thinks that the only way to be the way it used to be. Unexpectedly she loved a man who was the husband of her own friend Mr. Mainwaring, causing chaos in Langford and Lady Susan also made Mr. James parted ways with Miss Mainwaring for him turn to her daughter. as the statement in letter 2:

In the quotation above, can be seen portrait the vice of Lady Susan who loves someone's husband and special relationship with Mr. Mainwaring makes

Mrs. Mainwaring is very hurt and crying continuously, Lady Susan can also tempt

Mr. James to part with Miss Mainwaring so Mr. James can turn to Frederica. The bad rumors spread throughout the city and made Lady Susan move temporarily to

Churchill. After the events in Langford where Lady Susan had caused the

Mainwaring’s family to suffer, in Lady Susan's in letter she wrote for her best friend named Alicia, she asked her best friend's help to make the wife of Mr.

Mainwaring is hated by her guardian named Mr. Johnson. As the statement letter

Mrs. Mainwaring insupportably jealous; so jealous in short,an so enraged against me that in the fury of her temper I should not be surprised at her appealing to her guardian if she had the liberty of addressing him but there your husband stands my friend and the kindest, most amiable action of his life was his throwing her off forever on her marriage. Keep up his resentment therefore I charge you (Austen, 2016:4). In the quotation above, Lady Susan knows if Mrs. Mainwaring feels jealous and angry with her so that she complained to her guardian who is the husband of Alicia. Lady Susan wants Mrs. Mainwaring is hated by Mr. Johson with the help of her best friend Alicia. Then Lady Susan has sixteen-years old daughter named Frederica, she wants to match her daughter with Mr. James. Lady

Susan did everything she could to get Frederica to marry him. As the statement in

Letter 7:

I hope to see her the wife of Sir James within twelvemonth. You know on what I ground my hope, and it is certainly a good foundation, for school must be very humiliating to a girl of Frederica’s age. I am sure of Sir James at any time and could make him renew his application by a line. Instead of adopting so harsh a measure, merely propose to make it her own choice by rendering her thoroughly uncomfortable till she does accept him (Austen, 2016:18-19).

in the quotation above, Lady Susan was a desire to match her daughter with Mr. James in twelve months because Lady Susan thinks being in school is embarrassing for a girl the age of Frederica. Lady Susan will keep trying even

44 though the marriage will be hated by her daughter and make Frederica uncomfortable until Frederica receives Sir James into her husband.

After leaving in Langford, Lady Susan stayed at home while the family of

Mr. Charles Vernon at Churchill. There she met a handsome man named Mr.

Reginald De Courcy, he is the younger brother of Mrs. Vernon. Reginald had previously disliked the woman for hearing bad rumors at Langford about her but was curious to meet her knowing that Lady Susan feels challenged and wants to prove her greatness to tease a man with her deceitful character and arises her desire to get Reginald. So, she managed to change a man who previously hated to be respectful to him. Letter 7:

There is exquisite pleasure in subduing an insolent spirit, in making a person pre-determined to dislike, acknowledge one’s superiority. I have disconcerted him already by my calm reserve and it shall be my endeavor to humble the pride of these self-important De courcies Mrs. Vernon that her sisterly cautions have been bestoyed on vain and persuade Reginald that she has scandalously belied me., and prevent my feeling so acutely thus dreadful separation from you and all whom I love (Austen, 2016:19).

In the quotation explains the other wishes of Lady Susan is to make people who used to hate to recognize its superiority. She becomes a seductive woman with a gentle attitude and clever of talking. She managed to confuse Reginald with her calmness and she tried to subdue the De Courcy spouse's pomp, shows to Mrs.

Vernon that her caution was futile and could provoke Reginald that her brother had slandered her. Lady Susan can turn the facts in order to control Reginald. as the statement in Letter 10:

my conduct has been equally guarded from the first, and I never behaved less like a Coquette in the whole course of my life, tho’ perhaps my desire of dominion was never more decided. I have subdued him entirely by sentiment and serious conversation and made him I may venture to say at

least half in love with me, without semblance of the most common-place flirtation (Austen, 2016:25).

From the quotation above, Lady Susan explains the success of getting her desire to subdue Reginald by being affectionate and serving the man's conversations so that she can fall in love without exertion to tease him. Therefore,

Lady Susan had no intention of marrying Reginald before, she just wanted to subdue and change Reginald's judgment against about her. Reginald did not hear anyone's advice even his family.

I am much obliged to you, my dear Friend, for your advice respecting Mr. De Courcy, which I know was given with the full conviction of its expediency, though I am not quite determined on following it. I cannot easily resolve on anything so serious as marriage; especially as I am not at present in want of money, and might perhaps, till the old gentleman’s death, be very little benefited by the match. It is true that I am vain enough to believe it within my reach. I have made him sensible of my power, and can now enjoy the pleasure of triumphing over a mind prepared to dislike me, and prejudiced against all my past actions (Austen, 2016:24).

In the quotation above, lady Susan wrote a letter to her friend Alicia that she is very grateful for the advice relating to Mr. Reginald De Coursy, but not sure if she wants to follow her suggestion, she is not easy to follow because she was not short of money and thought she would not get too much profit from the wedding. She can do so because she makes Reginald realize the intension she has and enjoys her victory to subdue the man who was initially determined to hate her and everything she did in the past.

This is one sort of love, but I confess it does not particularly recommend itself to me. I infinitely prefer the tender and liberal spirit of Mainwaring, which, impressed with the deepest conviction of my merit, is satisfied that whatever I do must be right; and look with a degree of contempt on the inquisitive and doubtful fancies of that heart which seems always debating on the reasonableness of its emotions. Mainwaring is indeed, beyond all

compare, superior to Reginald—superior in everything but the power of being with me! (Austen, 2016:42).

On the quote, Lady Susan explains her feelings to Alicia, if her feelings are kind of love but not the kind of ones she chooses. She still loves Mainwaring because of his strong character, with the slightest opinion about his actions and satisfied the belief that whatever Lady Susan does must be true, the woman compares that Mainwaring is far superior to Reginald being eligible from anything except the opportunity to be with her.

When Frederica has been out of school she was brought by Mr. Charles to

Churchill together to her mother, due to the incident made Lady Susan very angry and annoyed towards her daughter, she thought her daughter would not do so because of her shy and reserved nature. So that makes herself look very miserable due to the behavior of Frederica. The woman explained to Reginald that her daughter had a tough nature. So, Reginald also irritated of Frederica who became the impact of the story.

I cannot so readily credit what Lady Susan has made him, and wants to make me believe, that it was merely an impatience of restraint and a desire of escaping from the tuition of masters which brought on the plan of an elopement. O Reginald, how is your judgment enslaved! He scarcely dares even allow her to be handsome, and when I speak of her beauty, replies only that her eyes have no brilliancy! Sometimes he is sure she is deficient in understanding, and at others that her temper only is in fault. In short, when a person is always to deceive, it is impossible to be consistent. Lady Susan finds it necessary that Frederica should be to blame, and probably has sometimes judged it expedient to *excuse her of ill-nature and sometimes to lament her want of sense. Reginald is only repeating after her ladyship (Austen, 2016:48).

on the quote, Lady Susan shows her cunning character for making

Reginald annoyed with Frederica and makes him sympathy with Lady Susan and

47 she has managed to control his judgment so, Reginald believes that the girl's character is the problem. Lady Susan made sure that Frederica was the wrong one and Reginald just repeated what she said.

In the twenty two letter Lady Susan explained to Alicia what she had experienced at Churchill. After a while Frederica arrived, on a Tuesday night a man came in named Sir James Martin, so that the people there was shocked, especially the exception of Lady Susan, she did not want him to Churchill and very angry. Mr. James is not just visiting but he also stayed a few days without being invited. Lady Susan affirmed to Frederica to be kind to Mr. James during his stay at Churchill.

I made a point also of Frederica’s behaving civilly to Sir James, and gave her to understand that I was absolutely determined on her marrying him. She said something of her misery, but that was all. I have for some time been more particularly resolved on the match from seeing the rapid increase of her affection for Reginald, and from not feeling secure that a knowledge of such affection might not in the end awaken a return. Contemptible as a regard founded only on compassion must make them both in my eyes, I felt by no means assured that such might not be the consequence. It is true that Reginald had not in any degree grown cool towards me; but yet he has lately mentioned Frederica spontaneously and unnecessarily, and once said something in praise of her person (Austen, 2016:22).

On the quotation above, Lady Susan confirms to Frederica that she should behave well during Mr. James was at Churchill and made her understand that

Lady Susan was determined to marry both of them for seeing Frederica getting affectionate with Reginald. Lady Susan is worried that Reginald knows her daughter feelings then the feelings will be avenged and can thwart all of Lady

Susan's plans.

after the arrival of Sir James, Frederica was very depressed and asked for help to Mr. Reginald by writing a letter to persuade her mother to cancel the arranged marriage, she felt just that only way because she did not like Mr. James and wants to work rather than marry him. Thus, making Reginald and Lady Susan argue so that it ends a fight. Lady Susan felt the people were in Churchill more espouse of Frederica. However, with her cleverness to speak and his calmness she can solve the problem, as the statement in letter 25:

I cannot forgive him such an instance of pride, and am doubtful whether I ought not to punish him by dismissing him at once after this reconciliation, or by marrying and teazing him for ever. But these measures are each too violent to be adopted without some deliberation; at present my thoughts are fluctuating between various schemes. I have many things to compass: I must punish Frederica, and pretty severely too, for her application to Reginald; I must punish him for receiving it so favourably, and for the rest of his conduct. I must torment my sister-in-law for the insolent triumph of her look and manner since Sir James has been dismissed; for, in reconciling Reginald to me, I was not able to save that ill-fated young man; and I must make myself amends for the humiliation to which I have stooped within these few days. To affect all this, I have various plans. I have also an idea of being soon in town; and whatever may be my determination as to the rest, I shall probably put THAT project in execution; (Austen, 2016: 82-83).

In the quote, lady Susan tells Alicia in her letter that she is restful now that

Reginald is in control again but she cannot forgive the man's arrogance. Lady

Susan has really shown her very cunning nature determined to punish those who oppose it. like Reginald, she doubts how to punish him by getting rid of him as soon as they make up, or by marrying him and teasing him for the rest of his life.

However, these two actions are too much to do without further consideration whereas many of the plans that will be done by the woman include punishing

Frederica severely enough for pleading with Reginald, she must punish the

Reginal for accepting her daughter's request, as well as for other actions. She also had to torture her sister-in-law whose attitude and style had been triumphant ever since Sir James left and She also wanted to improve her dignity for the insult she had endured in the last few days.

Lady Susan will always be determined to do everything she can to punish those she thinks she has opposed to plotting some plans. As the statement in letter

25:

I believe I owe it to my character to complete the match between my daughter and Sir James after having so long intended it. Let me know your opinion on this point. Flexibility of mind, a disposition easily biassed by others, is an attribute which you know I am not very desirous of obtaining; nor has Frederica any claim to the indulgence of her notions at the expense of her mother’s inclinations. Her idle love for Reginald, too! It is surely my duty to discourage such romantic nonsense. All things considered, therefore, it seems incumbent on me to take her to town and marry her immediately to Sir James. When my own will is effected contrary to his, I shall have some credit in being on good terms with Reginald, which at present, in fact, I have not; for though he is still in my power, I have given up the very article by which our quarrel was produced, and at best the honour of victory is doubtful (Austen, 2016: 84-85).

From the quotation, Lady Susan shows her selfishness that she will plan to complete the match of Frederica and Mr. James because coupled with her feelings with Reginald is so great that want to bring Frederica to the city then marry her daughter there. Although, Reginald was still in her grip, she will release their friendship because of the argument. Lady Susan was very proud and always praises herself for having deceived her beauty, her speech intelligence and her equanimity nature makes her feel perfect being a woman.

As a result of all the events that happened Lady Susan returned to London to meet her best friend Alicia and wanted to have fun with Mainwaring. But

50 before that Lady Susan had written a letter to Reginald for her suspension to postpone their engagement because of the De Courcy family problem that did not approve of their relationship. Not long after Lady Susan sent the letter Reginald followed Lady Susan to London and made her panicky. So, Lady Susan told

Reginald to visit Alicia in a move that Alicia could keep him for a long time there so that her togetherness with Mainwaring was undisturbed. As the statement in letter 31:

My dear Friend,--That tormenting creature, Reginald, is here. My letter, which was intended to keep him longer in the country, has hastened him to town. Much as I wish him away, however, I cannot help being pleased with such a proof of attachment. He is devoted to me, heart and soul. He will carry this note himself, which is to serve as an introduction to you, with whom he longs to be acquainted. Allow him to spend the evening with you, that I may be in no danger of his returning here. I have told him that I am not quite well, and must be alone; and should he call again there might be confusion, for it is impossible to be sure of servants. Keep him, therefore, I entreat you, in Edward Street. You will not find him a heavy companion, and I allow you to flirt with him as much as you like. At the same time, do not forget my real interest; say all that you can to convince him that I shall be quite wretched if he remains here; you know my reasons— propriety, and so forth. I would urge them more myself, but that I am impatient to be rid of him, as Mainwaring comes within half an hour (Austen, 2016:98).

On the quotation above explains in her letter, Lady Susan asks for help against Alicia in order to arrest Reginald at her home in exchange for her best friend to tease Reginald if she wants to and told Alicia to run her plan to do as much as Alicia assured Reginald that Lady Susan was miserable if he stayed in

London because she did not want him to bother to enjoy being with Mainwaring.

Your husband I abhor, Reginald I despise, and I am secure of never seeing either again. Have I not reason to rejoice? Mainwaring is more devoted to me than ever; and were we at liberty, I doubt if I could resist even matrimony offered by HIM. This event if his wife live with you, it may be in your power to hasten. The violence of her feelings, which must wear her

out, may be easily kept in irritation. I rely on your friendship for this. I am now satisfied that I never could have brought myself to marry Reginald, and am equally determined that Frederica never shall. To-morrow, I shall fetch her from Churchhill, and let Maria Mainwaring tremble for the consequence. Frederica shall be Sir James’s wife before she quits my house, and she may whimper, and the Vernons may storm, I regard them not. I am tired of submitting my will to the caprices of others; of resigning my own judgment in deference to those to whom I owe no duty, and for whom I feel no respect. I have given up too much, have been too easily worked on, but Frederica shall now feel the difference. (Austen, 2016:116- 117).

In the last letter of Lady Susan, shows how innocence of the events she experienced and still proud because Mr. Mainwaring allegiance to him and hope they're both free so she doubted reject an application from him. Lady Susan still demand to Alicia if Mrs. Mainwaring living in her home will be easier if the woman makes the more turbulent. She was satisfied that she had not forced herself to marry Reginald and was determined that Frederica would not marry him either. the woman will take her daughter from Churchill and marry Mr. James that made Maria Mainwaring tremble. Therefore, she also did not care about the

Vernon family. She was Tired and thinks already making too much sacrifice without feeling how much got herself. At the end of the novel, a few months later

Lady Susan announces marriage with Mr. James. She turned out to listen to the advice of Alicia to marry his own men so that she can manage to get her wish to marry a wealthy noble man for herself although with Mr. James.

In conclusion to all discussion above that the obsession of Lady Susan is able taking control all the characters in the novel with the nature of the teaser, the intelligence of speech, the manners that can close the cunning of Lady Susan. She has an enormous selfish nature and does everything she can to make her

52 obsession, so that she does not care and never feels guilty for what she has been doing. Her obsession is also to get the man into her sexual desire as her strong desire because it has been a few months she widowed to satisfy the passion as a reliable teaser at the time and also the lifestyle it has as well as the foundation to be like that.

C. The Obsession Effects to Other Characters In The Novel

The obsession of the main character in Lady Susan novel that has an affect for other characters such as: a. Miss Mainwaring

The impact of Miss Mainwaring is very miserable and uncontrolled every day she just cries constantly and always feels jealous because her husband does not love her anymore and turned to Lady Susan. Her family became destroyed and led to divorce. As the letter in 38, "You have heard of course that the

Mainwaring’s are to part, and I am afraid Mrs. M. will come home to us again; but she is still so fond of her husband, and frets so much about him, that perhaps she may not live long" (Austen, 2016: 114). On the quote shows the impact of

Lady Susan to Miss Mainwaring that is the destruction of their household. Miss mainwaring will divorce her husband because her family's integrity is untenable by Lady Susan's behavior, even though she is very much in love with her husband and complains a lot about it and ends in deep sorrow for her. b. Maria Mainwaring

The impact felt by Maria Mainwarig is very hurt and looks very lonely because left by Mr. James and do various ways to grab Mr. James but these efforts

53 did not succeed, as the statement in the letter 38, "Miss Mainwaring is just come to town to be with her aunt, and they say that she declares she will have Sir James

Martin before she leaves London again"(Austen, 2016:107). It explains that

Maria Mainwaring wants to try to take Mr. James and get it back by improving his appearance so that it looks beautiful in front of the man.

"I confess that I can pity only Miss Mainwaring; who, coming to town, and putting herself to an expense in the which impoverished her clothes for two years, on purpose to secure him, was defrauded of her due by a woman ten years older than herself” (Austen, 2016: 119). In excerpts indicated that Maria Mainwaring effort futile he already spent the money to beautify themselves that Mr. James returned to her as she was still defeated by an older woman ten years away from him and no more hope for him because they were both married. c. Frederica

As a result of her mother's wishes, Frederica match with Mr. James caused him to think about it and was so depressed that Frederica decided to escape from his school as a proof of rebellion against his mother so Mrs. Smith took the child out of school. As the statement in letter 16:

Never, my dearest Alicia, was I so provoked in my life as by a letter this morning from Miss Summers. That horrid girl of mine has been trying to run away. I had not a notion of her being such a little devil before, she seemed to have all the Vernon milkiness; but on receiving the letter in which I declared my intention about Sir James, she actually attempted to elope; at least, I cannot otherwise account for her doing it. She meant, I suppose, to go to the Clarkes in Staffordshire, for she has no other acquaintances (Austen, 2016:42).

The quotation indicates that Frederica had withdrawn from her school because of a letter from Lady Susan expressing her wish to match Frederica with

Mr. James who makes his mother surprised because of his actions.

I am forced upon it by the greatest distress, or I should be ashamed to trouble you. I am very miserable about Sir James Martin, and have no other way in the world of helping myself but by writing to you, for I am forbidden even speaking to my uncle and aunt on the subject; and this being the case, I am afraid my applying to you will appear no better than equivocation, and as if I attended to the letter and not the spirit of mamma’s commands. But if you do not take my part and persuade her to break it off, I shall be half distracted, for I cannot bear him (Austen, 2016:60).

The quotation above shows that Frederica was so depressed and desperated that he wrote to Mr. Reginald to expect to ask for help. In her letter shows that she suffered greatly for the match and asked him to help her persuade her mother to break the match because she did not like him she would not be happy if Frederica married with him. d. Mrs. Vernon

When Lady Susan arrived at Churchill she is uncomfortable with her presence, she is feeling something strange to Lady Susan so she comes to

Churchill, her suspicion is getting stronger after hearing bad rumors about her in

Langford. Miss Lady Miss Susan met her younger brother. Reginald and her fears came as they were getting closer.

…….his return is occasioned as much by a degree of fascination towards her, as by the wish of hunting with Mr. Vernon, and of course I cannot receive that pleasure from the length of his visit which my brother’s company would otherwise give me. I am, indeed, provoked at the artifice of this unprincipled woman; what stronger proof of her dangerous abilities can be given than this perversion of Reginald’s judgment, which when he entered the house was so decidedly against her (Austen, 2016:20).

On the quote above Mrs. Vernon sent a letter to her mother, explaining how upset she was. Mrs. Vernon saw Lady Susan's cunning make her brother able to change her mind that previously hated her love. It was a threat to Mrs. Vernon for seeing Reginald fooled by the woman

she has contrived by the most artful coquetry to subdue his judgment to her own purposes. It is impossible to see the intimacy between them so very soon established without some alarm, though I can hardly suppose that Lady Susan’s plans extend to marriage. I wish you could get Reginald home again on any plausible pretence; he is not at all disposed to leave us, and I have given him as many hints of my father’s precarious state of health as common decency will allow me to do in my own house. Her power over him must now be boundless, as she has entirely effaced all his former ill- opinion and persuaded him not merely to forget but to justify her conduct (Austen, 2016:27-28).

In the quote above explains Mrs. Vernon was increasingly anxious at the attitude of Reginald getting closer to her, but Mrs. Vernon suspected that they wanted to get married. She had tried to get the man home to mention his unhealthy father. Mrs. Vernon does not believe Lady Susan could remove

Reginald's opinion and instigates her brother to forget and also justify her actions.

Mrs. Vernon was so annoyed and uncomfortable that seeing her sister constantly close to her made her tortured.

Besides, Reginald worrying, Mrs. Vernon kept thinking about Frederica.

She thought of her niece's marriage that made her feel bad because she was always tortured by her mother so that Mrs. Vernon wanted to help Frederica.

She is going to London to see her particular friend, Mrs. Johnson. It was at first her intention that Frederica should accompany her, for the benefit of masters, but we overruled her there. Frederica was wretched in the idea of going, and I could not bear to have her at the mercy of her mother; not all the masters in London could compensate for the ruin of her comfort. I should have feared, too, for her health, and for everything but her

principles— there I believe she is not to be injured by her mother, or her mother’s friends (Austen,2016: 89). On the quote above, Mrs. Vernon is very worried about Frederica who does not want to go with his mother. Mrs. Vernon did not have the heart if the fate of the girl is in the hands of her mother, she tried to protect Frederica from her mother who can only disturb the child's psychology. The impact felt by Mrs.

Vernon as a result of Lady Susan is an uncomfortable feeling that provokes hatred, anxiety, pity for Frederica that makes her very protective of her nephews not always miserable because of her mother.

e. Reginald

Reginald who initially hated Lady Susan being changed can be obedient and submissive to this woman, the impact of Lady Susan's obsession for Reginald is that woman cheated and controlled as the statement in 16:

I blame myself severely for having so easily believed the slanderous tales invented by Charles Smith to the prejudice of Lady Susan, as I am now convinced how greatly they have traduced her. As to Mrs. Mainwaring’s jealousy it was totally his own invention, and his account of her attaching Miss Mainwaring’s lover was scarcely better founded. Sir James Martin had been drawn in by that young lady to pay her some attention; and as he is a man of fortune, it was easy to see HER views extended to marriage. It is well known that Miss M. is absolutely on the catch for a husband, and no one therefore can pity her for losing, by the superior attractions of another woman, the chance of being able to make a worthy man completely wretched (Austen,2016: 35).

In the quote above shows that Reginald believe the story of Lady Susan that all expressed by Mr. Charles Smith just slander, jealousy Mrs. Mainwaring must be contrived by Charles as well as Lady Susan's story that approached a lover from Miss. Mainwaring. Sir James's story in teasing by the young woman

57 was forced to pay attention because Sir James was so rich that Miss Mainwaring tried to marry Sir James. Reginald was very confident in whatever was spoken in the mouth of Lady Susan, he was deceived by the beauty, etiquette and intelligence of the woman's talk so as not to listen to anyone especially his own family.

I write only to bid you farewell, the spell is removed; I see you as you are. Since we parted yesterday, I have received from indisputable authority such a history of you as must bring the most mortifying conviction of the imposition I have been under, and the absolute necessity of an immediate and eternal separation from you. You cannot doubt to what I allude. Langford! Langford! that word will be sufficient. I received my information in Mr. Johnson’s house, from Mrs. Mainwaring herself. You know how I have loved you; you can intimately judge of my present feelings, but I am not so weak as to find indulgence in describing them to a woman who will glory in having excited their anguish, but whose affection they have never been able to gain (Austen, 2016: 10).

In the quote above, it can be seen how disappointed Mr. Reginald knows the truth from Mrs. Mainwaring, during this time he was deluded by the intelligence and beauty of Lady Susan. Reginald was very miserable and devastated because he had loved Susan sincerely but never got the same affection from Lady Susan. Reginald split up and did not want to meet again with her.

till such time as Reginald De Courcy could be talked, flattered, and finessed into an affection for her which, allowing leisure for the conquest of his attachment to her mother, for his abjuring all future attachments, and detesting the sex, might be reasonably looked for in the course of a twelvemonth. Three months might have done it in general, but Reginald’s feelings were no less lasting than lively (Austen, 2016:119).

In the quote above explains that since the event Reginal still upset and still traumatized women know that for three months she felt was unstable as a result he cannot forget his love to Lady Susan. f. Lady De Coursy

Lady De Courcy is the mother of Mrs. Vernon and Reginald De Courcy.

The impact she felt was the same as Mrs. Vernon is very anxious and upset about knowing his son is very close to the widow.

I had intended to write to Reginald myself as soon as my eyes would let me, to point out, as well as I could, the danger of an intimate acquaintance, with so artful a woman as Lady Susan, to a young man of his age, and high expectations. How provoking it is, my dear Catherine, that this unwelcome guest of yours should not only prevent our meeting this Christmas, but be the occasion of so much vexation and trouble! (Austen, 2016:34).

In the above quote shows that Lady Decoursy is because of knowing that

Lady Susan is just chasing the Treasure so as to establish a relationship with her son. Lady De Courcy kept thinking about her and getting irritated with women that uninvited guest made cannot be met with Mrs. Vernon at the time of

Christmas and also a source of trouble and annoyance. g. Sir Reginald De Courcy

Sir Reginald De Courcy is the father of Mrs. Venon and Reginald junior.

At the time of reading a letter from her daughter, he was very surprised and at the same time feeling uneasy that his son was very close to the widow of a child when he was at Churchill. He worried that Reginald really wanted to marry the seducer.

I do not suppose that you would deliberately form an absolute engagement of that nature without acquainting your mother and myself, or at least, without being convinced that we should approve of your choice; but I cannot help fearing that you may be drawn in, by the lady who has lately attached you, to a marriage which the whole of your family, far and near, must highly reprobate. Lady Susan’s age is itself a material objection, but her want of character is one so much more serious, that the difference of even twelve years becomes in comparison of small amount. Were you not blinded by a sort of fascination, it would be ridiculous in me to repeat the instances of great misconduct on her side so very generally known (Austen, 2016: 29).

The quotation above shows Sir Reginald writing a letter to his son if he had considered about the plans to marriage with a woman who to be denounced by his whole family because of her marital status and her very bad nature, so he commemorated his son not to be influenced by the woman.

It would destroy every comfort of my life to know that you were married to Lady Susan Vernon; it would be the death of that honest pride with which I have hitherto considered my son; I should blush to see him, to hear of him, to think of him. I may perhaps do no good but that of relieving my own mind by this letter, but I felt it my duty to tell you that your partiality for Lady Susan is no secret to your friends, and to warn you against her(Austen, 2016:31).

In the quote above shows the impact of obsession Lady Susan to Sir

Reginald namely the emergence of anxiety and intrusive. So, commemorate

Reginald if he will never be comfortable and do not approve if he knows his son will be married to a widow. Shattered his pride against his only son and was embarrassed when his son would marry a most famous widow in London for his seductive nature. Sir Reginald always prayed and hoped that his son would not fall into Lady Susan's arms.

BAB V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

In this chapter, the writer explains about the result of analysis based on the data analysis from the previous chapter before which is containing conclusion and suggestion.

A. Conclusion

Every literary work insults message of human being through the elements of the work, such as character, plot and the others. Those kinds of element are related each other to build a message from the author, whether it is their experiences, based on true story or by imaginations. The message will accept by the reader by reading the literary work and understand it.

Lady Susan is an epistolary novel by Jane Austen, it is about an immoral unscrupulous widow who controls everyone with the seductive nature, the intelligence of speech and manners. So, that she can manipulate her family and acquaintances for her own social survival.

After analyzing Lady Susan, the writer finds out that the obsession of the main character is takes control of other characters in the novel in order to be in accordance with her desire and to do everything possible to her obsession to be realized. Lady Susan establishes a relationship with a ma husband, forced her daughter to marry a man of her choice, and play the heart man with her trickery.

The obsession has an effect on other characters in the novel that caused loss and suffering. So, the obsession does not always manifest as a hope but has the

61 potential to put negative pressure on a person or people. Thus, causing chaos in people's lives.

Based on the analysis in the story, the writer gets a very important message that everyone can potentially become obsessed if the desire cannot be controlled because obsession does not always manifest as one hope but has the potential to put negative pressure on a person or group, causing chaos and harm.

B. Suggestion

In analyzing the literary works, the obsession experienced by the main character is one of the objects of research which is interesting to be studied. It is because by analyzing the obsession, the readers can also know how to control the desire to not become an obsession. It is also not much different from our daily life that can be strong desire to get something but not excessive and do everything possible to get it, so potentially become an obsession.

The writer hopes that this thesis could give many contributions to the next researchers and suggests using another approach such as Genetic Structuralism,

Dynamic Structuralism, Sociology, Psychoanalysis, Feminism and another approach in analyzing this novel.

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APPENDIX

Summary of Lady Susan

Lady Susan begins as the title character writes to her former brother-in- law, Mr. Vernon. She tells him she wishes to visit his estate, Churchill, and get to know her nieces and nephews. Mr. Vernon has heard rumors of Lady Susan’s habit of seducing men, including her previous host Mr. Manwarning. However, social conventions require him to host his brother’s widow and she soon moves in.

From her new home, she writes to her friend Mrs. Johnson about how much she hates the Vernons, and reveals she’s only using them for her own advantage. She soon begins to move in on Mrs. Vernon’s brother, Reginald De Courcy.

He has been warned to stay away from her by his family, but Lady Susan enjoys the thrill of taming a man who is predisposed to dislike her. She’s beautiful and highly skilled in seduction, and Reginald soon falls under her spell. Mrs.

Vernon worries he’ll wind up marrying Lady Susan, allowing her to claim his fortune. Reginald grills Lady Susan about the rumors circulating about her, but she tells him they’re all false. Reginald’s parents write to him to try to dissuade him from his relationship with Lady Susan, but he tells them they’re only friends.

However, he’s quickly becoming infatuated with her. Lady Susan writes to Mrs.

Johnson, mocking Reginald for being so naive, and continues to keep her options open – Mr. Manwaring’s marriage has been on the rocks since she visited him, and she has her eye on him as well.

Lady Susan also has plans for her daughter Frederica and wishes to marry her off to Sir James. Unbeknownst to Frederica, Lady Susan seduced Sir James away from Miss Manwaring, her lover’s daughter. Frederica is opposed to the marriage and runs away from boarding school to avoid it, only to wind up living with the Vernons as well. Although the Vernons are wary of Frederica because of her mother, she turns out to be a kind and helpful girl who has never been shown any real affection by Lady Susan.

Frederica becomes very close to Mrs. Vernon and starts to see her as a mother, but Reginald takes a dislike to her because of what he hears about her from her mother. Lady Susan tries to force Frederica into marriage with Sir James and threatens her if she tells the truth to the Vernons. When Sir James arrives unexpectedly at Churchill estate, Frederica breaks down and confesses the truth about her mother’s actions to Reginald. Reginald angrily confronts Lady Susan, finally seeing her for the cold-blooded manipulator she really is. The Vernons are happy to see Lady Susan finally exposed, but they underestimate her manipulation skills, and she soon convinces Reginald that it was all a lie and she’s innocent.

Lady Susan travels to London to meet Mrs. Johnson and Mr. Manwaring, but an infatuated Reginald follows her to London, where she tries to ditch him.

She tries to court Mr. Manwaring in private, but Reginald finds out and finally cuts her off for good. Mrs. Vernon sees this as an opportunity and attempts to make a match between Reginald and Frederica, but Lady Susan interferes and brings Frederica back to London with her. She intends to marry her daughter to

Sir James, whether Frederica likes it or not. The novel ends with an epilogue in

66 which it describes how Mrs. Vernon travelled to London and used the influenza epidemic to convince Frederica to come back to Churchill with her, where it’s safer. Lady Susan marries Sir James herself, but the unnamed narrator of the epilogue questions whether she would ever be truly happy. The novel ends with the implication that Frederica and Reginald grew closer, and will most probably marry.

Biography of Jane Austen

Jane Austen was born on December 16, 1775, in Steventon, Hampshire,

England. While not widely known in her own time, Austen's comic novels of love among the landed gentry gained popularity after 1869, and her reputation skyrocketed in the 20th century. Her novels, including Pride and Prejudice and

Sense and Sensibility, are considered literary classics, bridging the gap between romance and realism. The seventh child and second daughter of Cassandra and

George Austen, Jane Austen was born on December 16, 1775, in Steventon,

Hampshire, England. Jane's parents were well-respected community members.

Her father served as the Oxford-educated rector for a nearby Anglican parish. The family was close and the children grew up in an environment that stressed learning and creative thinking. When Jane was young, she and her siblings were encouraged to read from their father's extensive library. The children also authored and put on plays and charades.

Over the span of her life, Jane would become especially close to her father and older sister, Cassandra. Indeed, she and Cassandra would one day collaborate

67 on a published work. In order to acquire a more formal education, Jane and

Cassandra were sent to boarding schools during Jane's pre-adolescence. During this time, Jane and her sister caught typhus, with Jane nearly succumbing to the illness. After a short period of formal education cut short by financial constraints, they returned home and lived with the family from that time forward. Ever fascinated by the world of stories, Jane began to write in bound notebooks. In the

1790s, during her adolescence, she started to craft her own novels and wrote Love and Freindship [sic], a parody of romantic fiction organized as a series of love letters. Using that framework, she unveiled her wit and dislike of sensibility, or romantic hysteria, a distinct perspective that would eventually characterize much of her later writing. Jane spent much of her early adulthood helping run the family home, playing piano, attending church, and socializing with neighbors. Her nights and weekends often involved cotillions, and as a result, she became an accomplished dancer.

On other evenings, she would choose a novel from the shelf and read it aloud to her family, occasionally one she had written herself. She continued to write, developing her style in more ambitious works such as Lady Susan, another epistolary story about a manipulative woman who uses her sexuality, intelligence and charm to have her way with others.

Jane also started to write some of her future major works, the first called

Elinor and Marianne, another story told as a series of letters, which would eventually be published as Sense and Sensibility. She began drafts of First

Impressions, which would later be published as Pride and Prejudice, and Susan,

68 later published as Northanger Abbey by Jane's brother, Henry, following Jane's death. In 1816, at the age of 41, Jane started to become ill with what some say might have been Addison's disease. She made impressive efforts to continue working at a normal pace, editing older works as well as starting a new novel called The Brothers, which would be published after her death as Sanditon.

Another novel, Persuasion, would also be published posthumously. At some point,

Jane's condition deteriorated to such a degree that she ceased writing. She died on

July 18, 1817, in Winchester, Hampshire, England.

(Originally adopted from: https://www.biography.com/people/jane-austen-

9192819 accessed: 5 may 2018).