Te Rohe Potae Maori: Twenty-First Century Socio-Demographic Status
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Wai 898 #A88 Te Rohe Potae Maori: Twenty-first century socio-demographic status Helen Robinson A report commissioned by the Waitangi Tribunal for the Te Rohe Potae (Wai 898) district inquiry May 2012 The author Dr Helen Robinson has been a Research Analyst / Inquiry Facilitator at the Waitangi Tribunal Unit since April 2009. She has a PhD in history from the University of Auckland, and has published articles in academic journals in New Zealand and overseas, the most recent being ‘Simple Nullity or Birth of Law and Order? The Treaty of Waitangi in Legal and Historiographical Discourse from 1877 to 1970’ in the December 2010 issue of the New Zealand Universities Law Review. Dr Robinson has written two previous Waitangi Tribunal commissioned research reports for the Rohe Potae inquiry, on health (Wai 898 A31) and, with Dr Paul Christoffel, on political engagement in the 1886 to 1913 period (Wai 898 A71). ii Abbreviations CAU Census Area Unit DHB District Health Board NCEA National Certificate of Educational Achievement TPK Te Puni Kokiri TRP Te Rohe Potae iii Contents The author .................................................................................................................................. ii Abbreviations ........................................................................................................................... iii Contents .................................................................................................................................... iv List of maps............................................................................................................................ viii List of graphs ......................................................................................................................... viii List of tables ........................................................................................................................... xiii Appendix: List of tables to accompany graphs ...................................................................... xiii Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 1 Terminology ........................................................................................................................... 2 Data sources ........................................................................................................................... 3 Ethnicity ................................................................................................................................. 4 Iwi and hapu ........................................................................................................................... 9 Geographical units ............................................................................................................... 13 Chapter One: Population .......................................................................................................... 23 Ethnicity ............................................................................................................................... 23 Ethnicity and deprivation ................................................................................................. 27 Population change ............................................................................................................ 28 Maori descent ....................................................................................................................... 29 Iwi ........................................................................................................................................ 31 Age ....................................................................................................................................... 34 Fertility ................................................................................................................................. 35 Chapter one summary .......................................................................................................... 36 Chapter Two: Work ................................................................................................................. 38 iv Labour force status ............................................................................................................... 38 Employment status ............................................................................................................... 44 Industry ................................................................................................................................ 46 Occupation ........................................................................................................................... 48 Unpaid work......................................................................................................................... 49 Chapter two summary .......................................................................................................... 51 Chapter Three: Income ............................................................................................................ 53 Sources of income ................................................................................................................ 53 Benefit types .................................................................................................................... 55 Income levels ....................................................................................................................... 57 Income levels amongst specific groups ........................................................................... 60 Income by iwi .................................................................................................................. 66 Chapter three summary ........................................................................................................ 66 Chapter Four: Education .......................................................................................................... 68 Early childhood education ................................................................................................... 68 Qualifications ....................................................................................................................... 71 NCEA ............................................................................................................................... 77 Rohe Potae secondary schools ............................................................................................. 78 Tertiary participation ........................................................................................................... 81 Te reo Maori ........................................................................................................................ 81 Chapter four summary ......................................................................................................... 85 Chapter Five: Health ................................................................................................................ 87 Mortality rates ...................................................................................................................... 89 Fetal and infant mortality ................................................................................................. 90 Disabilities ........................................................................................................................... 91 v Health-related income support ............................................................................................. 92 Care of the sick and disabled ............................................................................................... 93 Cancer .................................................................................................................................. 95 Lung cancer ...................................................................................................................... 96 Breast cancer .................................................................................................................... 97 Prostate cancer ................................................................................................................. 97 Ischaemic heart disease ........................................................................................................ 98 Cerebrovascular disease ....................................................................................................... 99 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ............................................................................. 101 Rheumatic fever ................................................................................................................. 102 Diabetes.............................................................................................................................. 103 Asthma ............................................................................................................................... 105 Oral health .......................................................................................................................... 106 Accident and injury ............................................................................................................ 108 Mental health ....................................................................................................................