DOCSLIB.ORG

The Lexham Bible Dictionary Sampler

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Lexham Bible Dictionary Sampler The Lexham Bible Dictionary Sampler John D. Barry Editor David Bomar, Derek R. Brown, Rachel Klippenstein, Douglas Mangum, Carrie Sinclair Wolcott, and Lazarus Wentz Associate Editors Elliot Ritzema and Wendy Widder Contributing Editors Rebecca Brant, Claire Brubaker, Lynnea Fraser, Britt Rogers, Abigail Stocker, Jessi Strong, Rebecca Van Noord, Elizabeth Vince, and Joel Wilcox Assistant Editors T. Michael W. Halcomb and Micah Wierenga Major Contributors We would love to hear from you. Email us at [email protected] or visit LexhamBibleDictionary.com. Copyright 2015 Lexham Press This sample contains a selection of articles from the Lexham Bible Dictionary (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015). Lexham Press, 1313 Commercial St., Bellingham, WA 98225 LexhamPress.com Unless otherwise noted, Scripture quotations are from the Lexham English Bible (leb), copyright 2013 by Lexham Press. Lexham is a registered trademark of Faithlife Corporation. Other Scripture translations are used with permission and are abbreviated with each publisher’s preferred acronym; for copyright information, see each individual translation. Acquisitions/Prodution: Scott Hausman, Rebekah Hurst, Jake Mailhot, Justin Marr, and Abby Salinger Cover Design: Christine Gerhart Book Design: Jahan Afshari Contents Preface 1 Overview Articles 4 Canon, New Testament Christianity Israelite Religion Gospels, Synoptic Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible, Methodology Textual Criticism of the New Testament Biblical Book Entries 49 Exodus, Book of Exodus, Book of, Critical Issues John, Gospel of Galatians, Letter to the Concepts, People, and Place Entries 95 Creation Serpent YHWH Jesus Christ David, King of Israel Paul the Apostle James, Son of Zebedee James, Son of Alphaeus James, Father of Judas James the Less Conquest of Canaan Justification Covenant Law and the New Testament Women in the Bible Contextual Articles, Exploring Ancient Texts 167 Bible Background Literature Dead Sea Scrolls, Nonbiblical Dead Sea Scrolls, History of Research Dead Sea Scrolls, Isaiah Temple Scroll Gospel of Judas Pseudepigrapha Enoch, Books of Enoch, First Book of Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs Preface The Lexham Bible Dictionary (LBD) is crafted for • clear identification of every person, place, and a broad audience: the pastor, the scholar, and ancient document related to the Bible—re- the curious explorer. LBD is an academic-level sulting in one article per person, for example, resource, but entries always start by laying the rather than one article on multiple people who foundation for understanding. A curious explorer share the same name; might need only the initial definition of an article, • deep exploration of the Bible’s context, textual while a pastor might read half the entry and an development, and the process of canonization; academic might mull over the entire article. LBD • academic-level content that is written to be ac- is designed to help you interact with the biblical cessible for anyone; text no matter what level of knowledge you have • a critical, unbiased approach to every entry, so when you start. And as you grow in your study of that readers can consider the interpretive op- Scripture, there will always be something new to tions and make up their own minds. discover. Lexham Bible Dictionary is your starting point for Vision biblical studies, from roughly 3,000 bc to ad 200. Lexham Bible Dictionary is engaged with the best It also selectively covers topics from afterad 200 and most recent scholarship and committed to the when these documents, people, or events relate to authority of the Bible. This is a key tenet of the research on the biblical text. This includes a body project: to learn from and wrestle with the full of articles that address ancient texts themselves— breadth of biblical scholarship, while standing in not only those that were deemed authoritative for the rich tradition of the faith summarized by the the Church through the process of canonization, ancient Apostles’ and Nicene Creeds. but also many nonbiblical texts (up to the fourth century ad). These documents, such as the writ- Scope ings known as the Old Testament Pseudepigrapha The Lexham Bible Dictionary includes: and the New Testament Apocrypha, often surface • exhaustive coverage of biblical people, places, in discussions about biblical figures and ancient and events in their cultural contexts; teachings. LBD also includes selected coverage of • detailed coverage of ancient texts and docu- the church fathers insofar as they relate to pio- ments that influenced the Bible’s context; neering biblical interpretation or the shape of the canon. Lexham Bible Dictionary Creating Lexham Bible Dictionary Lexham Bible Dictionary is the product of collabora- are included in a Related Articles section at the tion with scholars from around the world. The dic- end of the entry. tionary comprises over 4.5 million words in more Lexham Bible Dictionary is easy to navigate: than 7,000 articles by over 700 contributors from The digital data built into each article results in a a wide variety of cultures and backgrounds—the dictionary that can automatically suggest multiple equivalent of six encyclopedia-sized volumes in equivalent terms/titles for any topic you’re search- print. ing for—and some data works behind the scenes Lexham Bible Dictionary was built using the to take you straight from the Bible text to the exact technology and databases that power Logos Bible person or place you’re looking up. Although other Software. By having a comprehensive database of books in the Logos Bible Software platform have every person and place in the Bible at our finger- similar functionality, LBD is the first resource built tips and the library and research power of Logos from scratch with this technology in mind—mak- Bible Software, we were able to create a truly ing it more useful than any other dictionary in unique and thoroughly reviewed project. What your library. used to take weeks, we could now do in minutes. Lexham Bible Dictionary clearly identifies and This, combined with innovative project manage- labels ancient documents related to the Bible, ment and a very large number of contributors, ac- along with ancient literature written contempo- celerated the standard 10- to 15-year timeframe for raneously or in the earliest years of the canon’s a project like this to 5 years. reception. When applicable, entries explain how Our editorial team sorted the entries into in- an ancient document was received throughout dividual people, places, documents, events, and history and often suggest how to apply the par- types of literature. In the process, we generated ticular writing to study of the Bible’s context. In over 4,500 short articles. For these entries our articles overviewing specific types of literature major contributors and editors gathered common and historical and scholarly concepts, LBD defines knowledge into a concise reference format, often the relevant terminology, editorial approach, and reworking data either from the Bible Knowl- categorization methods used throughout the re- edge Database that drives features of Logos Bible source. These articles also cross-reference related Software and/or from the public domain. For the articles, either within the article itself or in a sep- approximately 2,000 longer-form articles, indi- arate section at the end. The key entries that uti- vidual contributors retained a certain amount of lize this feature are: flexibility in matters like an article’s overall focus, areas of emphasis, and style of citing extrabiblical • Jesus Christ resources. • Christianity Lexham Press is committed to continually im- • Old Testament proving the Lexham Bible Dictionary. The digital • New Testament edition will stay up-to-date as scholarship moves • Manuscripts forward and new discoveries are made. • Bible, Texts and Versions of • Canon, Overview of the Using Lexham Bible Dictionary • Bible Background Literature Designed as a digital resource, LBD seamlessly • Ancient Near Eastern Texts integrates with Logos Bible Software. Each ar- • Israel, History of, Overview ticle contains links to all Scripture references, • Semitic Languages additional links to resources in the Logos Bible • Apocrypha, Old Testament Software ecosystem, and even more links that are • Deuterocanonical hand-curated to help connect you with related • Extrabiblical topics and background material. Some of these • Pseudepigrapha, Old Testament links occur directly in the body text, while others • Dead Sea Scrolls, Nonbiblical 2 Preface • Early Christian Literature Our Hope for You • Apostolic Fathers When we set out to create Lexham Bible Dictionary • Church Fathers in 2010, our primary goal was to develop the Bible • Creeds and Confessions dictionary we always wanted. We believed that • Apostles’ Creed a resource uniting scholarship and faith would • Nicene Creed make God’s Word more approachable and more • Rabbinic Literature understandable—all for the sake of Christ’s gospel • Apocrypha, New Testament reaching more people. Without a doubt, we have • Nag Hammadi Codices seen God act on our behalf multiple times to bring • Biblical Criticism this project to fruition. He has shown His faithful- ness time and again. We are grateful for the oppor- These entries are great places to get started, espe- tunity to present the Lexham Bible Dictionary to the cially if you are new to the academic field of bibli- Church, and we hope that our efforts will lead you cal studies. deeper into the Bible and into friendship with its Author. With much love for Christ and His work in all of us, John D. Barry, Editor On behalf of the Lexham Bible Dictionary team Summer 2015, Bellingham, WA 3 Overview Articles The Lexham Bible Dictionary doesn’t just answer the questions you have, but also acts as a gateway to the field of biblical studies. CANON, NEW TESTAMENT A collection of 27 Definition writings universally accepted by the Church as in- The term “canon” comes from the Greek word κα- spired by God and authoritative. These 27 writings νών (kanōn), which refers to an instrument used as are historically understood by the Church to be a measuring rod in architecture.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A New Commandment “Something New”
    A New Commandment “Something New” John 13:34-38 With the new year looming ahead, many people are thinking about new year’s resolutions. Some will try a new diet. Some will commit to getting out of debt. Others will start a new workout plan. Some will attempt to read through the Bible this year, or spend more time with family. The possibilities for new year’s resolutions are endless and probably most of the resolutions are good ideas. Unfortunately, many people will not follow through with their goals, but I believe that it is still good to set them. Someone said, “Aim at the stars. If you don’t hit them, you’ll land pretty high anyway.” Perhaps there are some who set a goal this past year and actually did it. If so, congratulations. I think it is good and important to set realistic goals for ourselves as the Lord leads. You might even ask Him in prayer if there is anything He wants you to do and then wait for His gentle prompting about what it is. This message focuses on something new, too. It focuses on an important truth that Jesus shared with His disciples almost two thousand years ago. It is just as applicable today as it was then. It begins in John 13:34. This new thing is not a workout program, diet, or Bible reading plan, but instead a way of treating fellow believers. It is what I challenge each of us with in the new year. Listen to Jesus’ words! 34 "A new commandment I give to you, that you love one another, even as I have loved you, that you also love one 1 Copyright 2003 Chris Losey another.
    [Show full text]
  • A Landscape of Death: a Comparison of Non-Adult to Adult Burials at the Late Bronze Age Site of Tell El-Far'ah (South)
    University of Central Florida STARS Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 2018 A Landscape of Death: A Comparison of Non-adult to Adult Burials at the Late Bronze Age Site of Tell el-Far'ah (South) Rebecca Reeves Part of the Archaeological Anthropology Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Masters Thesis (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARS Citation Reeves, Rebecca, "A Landscape of Death: A Comparison of Non-adult to Adult Burials at the Late Bronze Age Site of Tell el-Far'ah (South)" (2018). Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019. 6184. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/6184 A LANDSCAPE OF DEATH: A COMPARISON OF NON-ADULT TO ADULT BURIALS AT THE LATE BRONZE AGE SITE OF TELL EL-FAR’AH (SOUTH) by REBECCA N REEVES M.A. University of Central Florida, 2018 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Anthropology in the College of Sciences at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Fall Term 2018 Copyright © 2018 Rebecca N Reeves ii ABSTRACT This study aims to determine whether there are any differences in the burial practices for non-adults and adults at the Late Bronze Age site of Tell el-Far’ah (South) in modern day Israel.
    [Show full text]
  • Moving from Darkness Into Light
    Visit us on the web! www.CogentNotion.org Thoughtful Christian Commentary & Review Summer 2012 Edition A Print Publication of ThinkingChristians.com Moving from Darkness into Light in addition to John 2, we need to take a quick look Jesus and Nicodemus (John 3:1-21) at John 21:25, where we learn that Jesus did many by Bill Moller (a sermon transcript) other things that were not documented in the Bible. So, I think we can assume that in addition to We’ve all seen them, those John 3:16 posters. In these two events noted in chapter two, there were the stands and among the crowds at sporting probably other miraculous signs and maybe other events and political rallies. Most of us know this tumultuous events as well. verse by heart: Imagine, if you will, a group of religio-political For God so loved the world that he gave his one leaders gathering each day at the Temple in and only son, that whoever believes in him shall Jerusalem. They have heard reports of a Rabbi not perish but have eternal life. from Nazareth who was performing miraculous signs – The verse comes toward the end water into wine - and selecting of the passage that tells us about “disciples” who were leaving a meeting between Jesus and their homes and businesses to Nicodemus. The opening verse follow him. Then suddenly this notes that Nicodemus was a Rabbi (Jesus) shows up in the Pharisee, a member of the Jewish Temple courtyard, pulls out a ruling council, who came to Jesus whip, and begins disrupting at night.
    [Show full text]
  • Joseph Coleson Judges Lawson G
    CORNERSTONE BIBLICAL COMMENTARY 01-Vol3-fm.indd 1 2/5/2016 1:53:43 PM General Editor Philip W. Comfort D. Litt. et Phil., University of South Africa; Tyndale House Publishers; Coastal Carolina University. Consulting Editor, Old Testament Tremper Longman III PhD, Yale University; Robert H. Gundry Professor of Biblical Studies, Westmont College. Consulting Editor, New Testament Grant Osborne PhD, University of Aberdeen; Professor of New Testament, Trinity Evangelical Divinity School. Associate Editors Jason Driesbach MA, Biblical Exegesis and Linguistics, Dallas Theological Seminary; Tyndale House Publishers. Mark R. Norton MA, Theological Studies, Wheaton Graduate School; Tyndale House Publishers. James A. Swanson MSM, Multnomah Biblical Seminary; MTh, University of South Africa; Tyndale House Publishers. 01-Vol3-fm.indd 2 2/5/2016 1:53:43 PM CORNERSTONE BIBLICAL COMMENTARY Joshua Joseph Coleson Judges Lawson G. Stone Ruth Jason Driesbach GENERAL EDITOR Philip W. Comfort featuring the text of the NEW LIVING TRANSLATION TYNDALE HOUSE PUBLISHERS, INC. CAROL STREAM, ILLINOIS 01-Vol3-fm.indd 3 2/5/2016 1:53:43 PM Cornerstone Biblical Commentary, Volume 3 Visit Tyndale online at www.tyndale.com. Joshua copyright © 2012 by Joseph Coleson. All rights reserved. Judges copyright © 2012 by Lawson G. Stone. All rights reserved. Ruth copyright © 2012 by Jason Driesbach. All rights reserved. Designed by Luke Daab and Timothy R. Botts. Unless otherwise indicated, all Scripture quotations are taken from the Holy Bible, New Living Translation, copyright © 1996, 2004, 2007 by Tyndale House Foundation. Used by permission of Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., Carol Stream, Illinois 60188. All rights reserved. TYNDALE, New Living Translation, NLT, Tyndale’s quill logo, and the New Living Translation logo are registered trademarks of Tyndale House Publishers, Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • Interlinear Greek New Testament Pdf
    Interlinear Greek New Testament Pdf Superfetate Thad disbosoms previously and vaingloriously, she fantasized her synd detruncates depressingly. Filamentary and ageless Guillermo never does septennially when Salim reordain his feoffor. Nasmyth Tore never job so tolerantly or chloridized any tellins paltrily. The gospels in interlinear greek You want to greek new comments list of the pdf format is currently works of reading and practical, documents or latin sources: the pdf interlinear greek new testament? Critical and hebrew is ready to arrive or new testament using your free bible! Parsing and greek interlinear greek new testament pdf. This book on multiple items purchased by uploading a few possible. Internet link opens in pdf interlinear greek new testament pdf ebooks without our consent is too, a rare publisher and paste from visiting this paper by the editorial committee. Something long to vest with android version. New testament greek new testament commentaries, and lectures on the pdf was searching for nine common greek interlinear greek new testament will be updated. The only explanation we clean come associate with new that it hill be stuck in some container in some dock waiting in customs clearance. Good and notes, and maybe try one for use another institution will, like pseudo jonathan webster is working on great app, interlinear greek new testament pdf. Extracting social networks and a look up for speed and, it would treat her people would buy this interlinear greek new testament pdf format pdf interlinear is a member. Open the greek? Please like the preface for attributrion statement. Suggestive Commentary on Romans, too, but using this garment for the book Testament is working wonderfully for me.
    [Show full text]
  • THE CHRISTADELPHIAN of the Kingdom
    T H E C H R I S TADELPHIA N of the Kingdom of God Vol. 74 July, 2010 No. 5 Editorial — Daily Bible Reading .................................................................... 263 Exhortation — Memorial, Jim Seagoe .......................................................... 266 Bible Study: To Speak Well of God: (14) Two Dreams, One Dream, John Pople .................................... 270 Leviathan, C. C. Walker .............................................................................276 The Joy of Sunday Schooling —Sunday School and the Home: it’s a Partnership, Jim Harper ................................................................. 277 Youth Speaks — Jeroboam: (3) His Paradox, Jason Hensley ............................................................... 279 History — William Allan Clark, Gordon Hensley ......................................... 283 Reflections: Kindness, Jim Sullivan .............................................................................. 290 “He was Hungry” (Fasting in the Life of Disciples), Steve Cheetham .................................................................................. 293 Bible Mission News — Chile; Guadalajara; Guyana; CBMA/C Fundraising Efforts ................................................................... 297 News & Notices ................................................................................................. 303 Minute Meditation — What is pure religion?, Robert J. Lloyd ................. 308 Coming Events ...................................................................................................310
    [Show full text]
  • Pesher and Hypomnema
    Pesher and Hypomnema Pieter B. Hartog - 978-90-04-35420-3 Downloaded from Brill.com12/17/2020 07:36:03PM via free access Studies on the Texts of the Desert of Judah Edited by George J. Brooke Associate Editors Eibert J.C. Tigchelaar Jonathan Ben-Dov Alison Schofield VOLUME 121 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/stdj Pieter B. Hartog - 978-90-04-35420-3 Downloaded from Brill.com12/17/2020 07:36:03PM via free access Pesher and Hypomnema A Comparison of Two Commentary Traditions from the Hellenistic-Roman Period By Pieter B. Hartog LEIDEN | BOSTON Pieter B. Hartog - 978-90-04-35420-3 Downloaded from Brill.com12/17/2020 07:36:03PM via free access This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided no alterations are made and the original author(s) and source are credited. Further information and the complete license text can be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ The terms of the CC license apply only to the original material. The use of material from other sources (indicated by a reference) such as diagrams, illustrations, photos and text samples may require further permission from the respective copyright holder. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Hartog, Pieter B, author. Title: Pesher and hypomnema : a comparison of two commentary traditions from the Hellenistic-Roman period / by Pieter B. Hartog. Description: Leiden ; Boston : Brill, [2017] | Series: Studies on the texts of the Desert of Judah ; volume 121 | Includes bibliographical references and index.
    [Show full text]
  • Digital Humanities in Biblical, Early Jewish and Early Christian Studies Scholarly Communication
    Digital Humanities in Biblical, Early Jewish and Early Christian Studies Scholarly Communication Series Editors Adriaan van der Weel, Leiden University, Netherlands Ernst Thoutenhoofd, University of Groningen, Netherlands Ray Siemens, University of Victoria, Canada Editorial Board Marco Beretta, University of Bologna, Italy Amy Friedlander, Washington, DC USA Steve Fuller, University of Warwick, UK Chuck Henry, Council on Library and Information Resources, USA Willard McCarty, King’s College London, UK / University of Western Sydney, Australia Mariya Mitova, Leiden, The Netherlands Patrik Svensson, Umeå University, Sweden Melissa Terras, University College London, UΚ John Willinsky, Stanford University, USA Paul Wouters, Leiden University, The Netherlands VOLUME 2 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/sc Digital Humanities in Biblical, Early Jewish and Early Christian Studies Edited by Claire Clivaz Andrew Gregory David Hamidović In collaboration with Sara Schulthess LEIDEN • BOSTON 2014 Cover illustration: Matt Katzenberger, http://katzmatt.com This publication has been typeset in the multilingual “Brill” typeface. With over 5,100 characters covering Latin, IPA, Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities. For more information, please see www.brill.com/brill-typeface. ISSN 1879-9027 ISBN 978-90-04-26432-8 (hardback) ISBN 978-90-04-26443-4 (e-book) Copyright 2014 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Global Oriental, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers and Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher.
    [Show full text]
  • The Epistle to the Hebrews Where Is the Epistle in Scripture That Paul Wrote to Gal 3:17 Supremacy of Abrahamic Covenant the Jews ???????? Heb 8:6 a Better Covenant
    OVERHEAD TRANSPARENCIES USED IN STUDYING AT THE STIRLING CHRISTADELPHIAN ECCLESIA. PERTH. WESTERN AUSTRALIA DURING 2001 (To be continued in 2002, God willing) STUDY LEADER: Bro Graham Hill (Perth Central Ecclesia) HEBREWS - WHO WROTE IT? (continued 2) HEBREWS - WHO WROTE \TT * Peter's testimony * Written under inspiration 1 Peter 1:1 Peter wrote to Jews * Written bv a person in bond^ - Heb 10:34 * Timothy was his companion - Heb 13:23 In ? Peter 3:15-17 Peter says * Obviously written bv a iew expert in the Law - * Paul had written to them (the Jews) (Acts 22:3) * That writing was "an epistle" * Some things in it difficult to understand * Has similar thoughts & expressions to Galatians * What Paul wrote was "scripture" because he refers to "the OTHER scriptures" Gal 3:11 The just shall live by faith * If Peter is not referring to Paul as the author of Heb 10:38 The just shall live by faith the Epistle to the Hebrews where is the Epistle in Scripture that Paul wrote to Gal 3:17 Supremacy of Abrahamic Covenant the Jews ???????? Heb 8:6 A better covenant Gal 4:26 The Jerusalem which is above Heb 12:22 The heavenly Jerusalem Gal 3:3 Are ye now made perfect by the flesh? Heb 7:11 If therefore perfection were by the Levitical priesthood Gal 4:3 In bondage under the elements of the world Heb 2:15 All their lifetime subject to bondage Gal 1:4 (Christ) gave himself for our sins Heb 2:9 Jesus should taste death for every man ....12 WHY WOULD PAUL WRITE- WHEN WAS HEBREWS WRITTEN? ANONYMOUSLY? There were priests who still offered gifts * Purpose of Epistle is to exalt Christ - therefore not according to the Law (Heb 8:4).
    [Show full text]
  • Greg Goswell, “Early Readers of the Gospels: the KEPHALAIA and TITLOI of Codex Alexandrinus”
    [JGRChJ 6 (2009) 134-74] EARLY READERS OF THE GOSPELS: THE KEPHALAIA AND TITLOI OF CODEX ALEXANDRINUS Greg Goswell Presbyterian Theological College, Melbourne, Australia For the New Testament, the oldest system of capitulation (division into chapters) known to us is that preserved in Codex Vaticanus (B 03) of the fourth century.1 I will use the notation V1, V2 etc. to refer to chapters of Vaticanus. Even a cursory examination of Vaticanus is enough to reveal that the divisions represent an evaluation of what are the sense units of the biblical passages. Each successive chapter in the Gospels is numbered using Greek letters written in red ink to the left of the columns. Capitulation is further indicated by a space of (usually) two letters at the close of the preceding chapter, a short horizontal line (paragraphos) above the first letter of the first whole line of the new chapter marking the close of the preceding paragraph, and sometimes by a letter protruding into the left margin (ekthesis).2 The system of 1. H.K. McArthur, ‘The Earliest Divisions of the Gospels’, in Studia Evangelica, III. 2 (ed. F.L. Cross; Texte und Untersuchungen, 88; Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 1964), pp. 266-72. After rejecting three other possible explanations, McAr- thur suggests that the divisions were used for citation purposes, especially in aca- demic circles. For alternate systems of chapter division in Greek versions of the Old Testament, see Robert Devreesse, Introduction à l’étude des manuscrits grecs (Paris: Klincksieck, 1954), pp. 139-41. The major divisions in Vaticanus are called chapters, while those in Alexandrinus, which are the basis of the standard divisions used in Nestle-Aland (Novum Testamentum Graece [27th Edition] = NTG27) are called kephalaia.
    [Show full text]
  • The Shema in John's Gospel Against Its Backgrounds in Second Temple
    The Shema in John’s Gospel Against its Backgrounds in Second Temple Judaism by Lori Ann Robinson Baron Graduate Program in Religion Duke University Date: Approved: ___________________________ Joel Marcus, Supervisor ___________________________ Mark Goodacre ___________________________ Richard B. Hays ___________________________ Laura S. Lieber Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate Program in Religion in the Graduate School of Duke University 2015 ABSTRACT The Shema in John’s Gospel Against its Backgrounds in Second Temple Judaism by Lori Ann Robinson Baron Graduate Program in Religion Duke University Date: Approved: ___________________________ Joel Marcus, Supervisor ___________________________ Mark Goodacre ___________________________ Richard B. Hays ___________________________ Laura S. Lieber An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate Program in Religion in the Graduate School of Duke University 2015 Copyright by Lori Ann Robinson Baron 2015 Abstract In John’s Gospel, Jesus does not cite the Shema as the greatest commandment in the Law as he does in the Synoptic Gospels (“Hear O Israel, the Lord our God, the Lord is one. And you shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your might” [Deut 6:4-5]; only Deut 6:5 appears in Matthew and Luke). This dissertation, however, argues that, rather than quoting the Shema , John incorporates it into his Christological portrait of Jesus’ unity with the Father and of the disciples’ unity with the Father, the Son, and one another. This study employs historical-critical methodology and literary analysis to provide an exegetical interpretation of the key passages relevant to the Shema in John (John 5:1-47; 8:31-59; 10:1-42; 13:34; 14, 15, 17).
    [Show full text]
  • Hebrew II Dr
    REFORMED THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY DISTANCE EDUCATION HEBREW II DR. MARK D. FUTATO 1 0OT504 - Hebrew II- 3 hours - Dr. Mark D. Futato © 2018 - Reformed Theological Seminary, Distance Education Course Overview Table of Contents: Course Overview Grades Required Textbooks Lessons Meet the Professor Student Learning Objectives Course Description: 0OT504 Hebrew II, 3 hours Lecturing Professor and Professor of Record: Dr. Mark D. Futato This course introduces basic elements of the Hebrew language . Lectures and small group sessions cover the Hebrew alphabet, pronunciation, and elementary grammatical structures. The course purpose is to encourage you in enjoying an abundant life to the glory of God, and the goal is to facilitate your success in continuing your acquisition of a basic knowledge of Hebrew grammar and essential skills in the use of Hebrew, so that you can study and teach the Hebrew Bible with greater depth and accuracy and enjoy a richer life. Course Objectives: Upon successful completion of Hebrew II you will have: • Mastered the basic forms and uses of Hebrew nouns, verbs, and adjectives. • Mastered a basic vocabulary of 230 Hebrew words. • Mastered the basic linguistic principles needed to analyze the meaning of Hebrew words. • Learned to use the Hebrew components of Bible-study software. • Learned to use Hebrew reference works, both electronic and hard copy. • Grown in your enjoyment of the Hebrew language. • Grown in your commitment to use your Hebrew knowledge and skills in a lifelong study of the Hebrew Bible. Required Textbooks: Logos Bible Software 8 • Logos Bible Software is your main “textbook” for Hebrew 1 and 2, a “textbook” that you will use for life-time of Bible study.
    [Show full text]