Chronology of Key Events of Riga Technical University in Study Year
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Wilhelm Ostwald – the Scientist
ARTICLE-IN-A-BOX Wilhelm Ostwald – The Scientist Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald was born on September 2, 1853 at Riga, Latvia, Russia to Gottfried Ostwald, a master cooper and Elisabeth Leuckel. He was the second son to his parents who both were descended from German immigrants. He had his early education at Riga. His subsequent education was at the University of Dorpat (now Tartu, Estonia) where he enrolled in 1872. At the university he studied chemistry under the tutelage of Carl ErnstHeinrich Schmidt (1822– 1894) who again was a pupil of Justus von Liebig. Besides Schmidt, Johannes Lemberg (1842– 1902) and Arthur von Oettingen (1836–1920) who were his teachers in physical chemistry were also principal influences. It was in 1877 that he defended his thesis ‘Volumchemische Studien über Affinität’. Subsequently he taught as Privatdozent for a couple of years. During this period, his personal life saw some changes as well. He wedded Helene von Reyher (1854–1946) in 1880. With Helene, he had three sons, and two daughters. Amongst his children, Wolfgang went on to become a famous colloid chemist. On the strength of recommendation from Dorpat, Ostwald was appointed as a Professor at Riga Polytechnicum in 1882. He worked on multiple applications of the law of mass action. He also conducted measurements in chemical reaction kinetics as well as conductivity of solutions. To this end, the pyknometer was developed which was used to determine the density of liquids. He also had a thermostat built and both of these were named after him. He was prolific in his teaching and research which helped establish a school of science at the university. -
Biobibliogrāfija (1.247Mb)
LZ LATVIJAS ZINĀTNIEKI Scientific Library Rīgas Tehniskās universitātes of Riga Technical University Zinātniskā bibliotēka LZ LZ LATVIJAS LATVIJAS ZINĀTNIEKI ZINĀTNIEKI Full Member of Latvijas Latvian Academy of Zinātņu akadēmijas Sciences, Professor akadēmiķis, profesors RAIMONDS RAIMONDS VALTERS VALTERS Biobibliography Biobibliogrāfija Rīga, 2008 Rīga, 2008 UDK 016:547 Va 434 Sastādītājas Maija Neilande, Ilze Veldruma (līdz 1988. g.) Bibliogrāfiskā redaktore Larisa Levinoka © RTU Zinātniskā bibliotēka, 2008 ISBN 978-9984-538-94-5 © Latvijas Akadēmiskā bibliotēka, 2008 PRIEKŠVĀRDS Latvijas Zinātņu akadēmijas akadēmiķa Dr. habil. chem. profe- sora Raimonda Valtera biobibliogrāfijā apkopoti viņa publicēto un nepublicēto, rediģēto un recenzēto darbu, izgudrojumu autorapliecību un viņa vadībā izstrādāto disertāciju bibliogrāfiskie apraksti. Uzrādīta arī literatūra par viņa dzīvi, zinātnisko un sabiedrisko darbību laikā no 1959. gada līdz 2008. gada martam. Biobibliogrāfiju ievada īsas ziņas par R. Valteru un LZA senāta priekš sēdētāja akadēmiķa J. Stradiņa raksts “Par kolēģi Raimondu Valteru”, kā arī autobiogrāfisks apcerējums “Autora stāsts par ve cā kiem, skolotājiem, kolēģiem un sevi” latviešu un angļu valodā. Biogrāfisko daļu noslēdz R. Valtera zinātniskā darba apskats un fo to attēli kopā ar ģimenes locekļiem, kolēģiem un ievērojamiem cilvēkiem. Bibliogrāfija veidota pēc autora dotās informācijas un sastādītāju apzinātajām publikācijām. Bibliogrāfiskais materiāls grupēts sistemātiski nodaļās. Nodaļu ietvaros izmantots hronoloģiskais -
Between National and Academic Agendas Ethnic Policies and ‘National Disciplines’ at the University of Latvia, 1919–1940
BETWEEN NATIONAL AND ACADEMIC AGENDAS Ethnic Policies and ‘National Disciplines’ at the University of Latvia, 1919–1940 PER BOLIN Other titles in the same series Södertörn Studies in History Git Claesson Pipping & Tom Olsson, Dyrkan och spektakel: Selma Lagerlöfs framträdanden i offentligheten i Sverige 1909 och Finland 1912, 2010. Heiko Droste (ed.), Connecting the Baltic Area: The Swedish Postal System in the Seventeenth Century, 2011. Susanna Sjödin Lindenskoug, Manlighetens bortre gräns: tidelagsrättegångar i Livland åren 1685–1709, 2011. Anna Rosengren, Åldrandet och språket: En språkhistorisk analys av hög ålder och åldrande i Sverige cirka 1875–1975, 2011. Steffen Werther, SS-Vision und Grenzland-Realität: Vom Umgang dänischer und „volksdeutscher” Nationalsozialisten in Sønderjylland mit der „großgermanischen“ Ideologie der SS, 2012. Södertörn Academic Studies Leif Dahlberg och Hans Ruin (red.), Fenomenologi, teknik och medialitet, 2012. Samuel Edquist, I Ruriks fotspår: Om forntida svenska österledsfärder i modern historieskrivning, 2012. Jonna Bornemark (ed.), Phenomenology of Eros, 2012. Jonna Bornemark och Hans Ruin (eds), Ambiguity of the Sacred, 2012. Håkan Nilsson (ed.), Placing Art in the Public Realm, 2012. Lars Kleberg and Aleksei Semenenko (eds), Aksenov and the Environs/Aksenov i okrestnosti, 2012. BETWEEN NATIONAL AND ACADEMIC AGENDAS Ethnic Policies and ‘National Disciplines’ at the University of Latvia, 1919–1940 PER BOLIN Södertörns högskola Södertörns högskola SE-141 89 Huddinge www.sh.se/publications Cover Image, taken from Latvijas Universitāte Illūstrācijās, p. 10. Gulbis, Riga, 1929. Cover: Jonathan Robson Layout: Jonathan Robson and Per Lindblom Printed by E-print, Stockholm 2012 Södertörn Studies in History 13 ISSN 1653-2147 Södertörn Academic Studies 51 ISSN 1650-6162 ISBN 978-91-86069-52-0 Contents Foreword ...................................................................................................................................... -
Magic Songs of the West Finns, Volume 1 by John Abercromby
THE PRE- AND PROTO-HISTORIC FINNS BOTH EASTERN AND WESTERN WITH THE MAGIC SONGS OF THE WEST FINNS BY THE HONOURABLE JOHN ABERCROMBY IN TWO VOLUMES VOL. I. 1898 Magic Songs of the West Finns, Volume 1 by John Abercromby. This edition was created and published by Global Grey ©GlobalGrey 2018 globalgreyebooks.com CONTENTS Preface The Value Of Additional Letters Of The Alphabet Full Titles Of Books Consulted And Referred To Illustrations Chapter 1. Geographical Position And Craniology Of The Finns Chapter 2. The Neolithic Age In Finland Chapter 3. Historical Notices Of Classical Authors Chapter 4. The Prehistoric Civilisation Of The Finns Chapter 5. The Third Or Iranian Period Chapter 6. Beliefs Of The West Finns As Exhibited In The Magic Songs 1 PREFACE In this country the term Finn is generally restricted to the natives of Finland, with perhaps those of Esthonia thrown in. But besides these Western Finns there are other small nationalities in Central and Northern Russia, such as the Erza and Mokša Mordvins, the Čeremis, Votiaks, Permians, and Zịrians, to whom the term is very properly applied, though with the qualifying adjective—Eastern. Except by Folklorists, little attention is paid in Great Britain to these peoples, and much that is written of them abroad finds no response here, the 'silver streak' acting, it would seem, as a non-conductor to such unsensational and feeble vibrations. Although the languages of the Eastern and Western Finns differ as much perhaps among themselves as the various members of the Aryan group, the craniological and physical differences between any two Finnish groups is very much less than between the Latin and the Teutonic groups, for instance. -
German Chemist Friedrich Konrad Beilstein (1838-1906) in the Citation: Sztejnberg A
Firenze University Press www.fupress.com/substantia Historical Articles The Eminent Russian – German Chemist Friedrich Konrad Beilstein (1838-1906) in the Citation: Sztejnberg A. (2021) The Emi- th st nent Russian German Chemist Frie- Literature between the 19 and 21 Centuries drich Konrad Beilstein (1838-1906) in the Literature between the 19th and 21st Centuries. Substantia 5(1): 135-156. doi: 10.36253/Substan- Aleksander Sztejnberg tia-1097 University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland Received: Sep 12, 2020 E-mail: [email protected] Revised: Nov 30, 2020 Abstract. Friedrich Konrad Beilstein (1838-1906) was one of the most prominent Just Accepted Online: Dec 01, 2020 chemists of the second half of the nineteenth century. His life and scientific achieve- ments were described in the literature published between the 19th and 21st centuries in Published: Mar 01, 2021 different countries. The purpose of this paper is to familiarize readers with the impor- Copyright: © 2021 Sztejnberg A. This is tant events in the life of Beilstein and his research activities, in particular with selected an open access, peer-reviewed article results of his experimental studies. The names of authors of biographical notes or biog- published by Firenze University Press raphies about Beilstein, published in 1890-2018, and literature on his correspondence (http://www.fupress.com/substantia) are given. In addition, a list of his publications is included. and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, Keyword: F. K. Beilstein, Organic chemistry, Beilstein test, Handbuch der organischen which permits unrestricted use, distri- bution, and reproduction in any medi- Chemie, Russia, Germany – XIX century. -
FREEDOM MONUMENT the Unveiling of the Freedom Monument
FREEDOM MONUMENT The unveiling of the Freedom Monument. November 18, 1935. The Freedom Monument is one the most outstanding historical, architectural and artistical monuments in Latvia. It was erected using donations from the people as a symbol of Latvia’s independence, which shows the respect and affection the Latvian people have towards their fatherland and freedom. The idea to build a monument dedicated to Latvia’s freedom was first announced in 1920, during the final days of the battles for independence. The project design competition was held in several rounds and lasted eight years. The monument’s Kārlis Zāle’s 100th birthday celebration. October 28, 1988 foundation stone was put into place on November 18, 1931. The Freedom Monument was unveiled and dedicated on November 18, 1935. It was constructed using sculptor Kārlis the monument leading upwards to the statue of Freedom, Zāle’s (1888-1942) design called Mirdzi kā Zvaigzne (Shine Like which holds three stars above her head, symbolizing the a Star). Ernests Štālbergs was the lead architect on the project, three historical regions of Latvia – Kurzeme, Vidzeme and with the iconic Freedom statue made by the Swedish metal Latgale. The universal ideas depicted on the Freedom craftsman Ragnar Myrsmeden (1889-1989). Monument are expressed in a spiritual and artistic form. The sculptural characters are genuinely, morally and aesthetically The idea of Freedom is depicted on the moment in a clear enlightening. architectural and sculptural language, enriched by symbolism and the depiction of historical events within the sculptural The Freedom Monument is 42.7 meters tall. groups: an obelisk as a bright and rousing carrier of the The monument is made up of 56 sculptures divided into idea of freedom, inspired by the characters and symbols on 13 sculptural groups on several levels. -
Genocide in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia 1943–1944
The Person and the Challenges Volume 3 (2013) Number 2, p. 29–49 Paweł Naleźniak The Institute of National Remembrance, Cracow, Poland Genocide in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia 1943–1944 Abstract Ukrainian nationalists tried to de-polonize the South-Eastern Borderlands by means of mass genocide and they achieved this goal to a great extent. That, however, puts them on a par with the criminal regimes of Joseph Stalin and Adolf Hitler. The author of this article describes the genocide of Polish inhabitants in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia committed by the Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists (Orhanizatsiya Ukrayins’kykh Natsionalistiv, OUN) and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (Ukrainska Povstanska Armiya, UPA) between 1943 and 1944. These events in European history are not well-known. Keywords Genocide, Volhynia and Eastern Galicia, Ukrainian Nationalists, the Ukrainian Insurgent Army. From the European perspective of the history of World War II, the genocide committed by the Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists (Orhanizatsiya Ukrayins’kykh Natsionalistiv, OUN) and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (Ukrainska Povstanska Armiya, UPA) on the Polish inhabitants of Volhynia and Eastern Galicia between 1943 and 1944 remains a little-known event. Among the foreign historians, only Timothy Snyder mentions it in fragments in his fundamental work Bloodlands: Europe Between Hitler and Stalin (Skrwawione ziemie1). The enslavement at Poland after World War II restricted an in depth research only to the crimes committed by the Germans. Today, an average Polish citizen knows a lot about the extermination of the Poles and the Jews; it is also a part of the curriculum in Polish schools to organize trips to Auschwitz and other extermination camps. -
Latvian Academy of SCIENCES of Sciences
2 3 LATVIAN ACADEMY Prof. Ojārs SPĀRĪTIS, Dr.habil.art., President of the Latvian Academy OF SCIENCES of Sciences The mission of the Latvian Academy of Sciences is to identify, select and unite distinguished The Latvian Academy of Sciences was established in 1946, soon after the Second World scientists at a national level, to carry out scientific expertise in a number of fields, War, when European economies were in need of new technologies and inventions to care about development and promotion of national science, and to endorse in order to renew the state and its functions and revitalise the societies. In the implementation of the national science policy which enables competitiveness following almost 50 years, the Latvian Academy of Sciences held a significant and growth of the national economy of Latvia internationally. place in the system of the socialist state, exercising functions characteristic to the Ministry of Science, and in order to achieve strategic objectives set by the state, performed the role of a link between scientific research and production. In 1992, after the renewal of the independence of the Republic of Latvia, the Latvian Academy of Sciences was transformed into a European-style personal Academy. The academy was in charge of the functions delegated by the state and its activities were aimed at development of measures to maintain a highly qualified academic community. The Latvian Academy of Sciences in cooperation with policy makers, government institutions, entrepreneurs, foreign partners and research institutions actively implements the European research and development policies. As a social partner, expert and communicator the Latvian Academy of Sciences supports development of the national economy and promotes scientific achievements, thus assisting in building of a sustainable society and overall welfare of the state. -
Travel Guide
TRAVEL GUIDE Traces of the COLD WAR PERIOD The Countries around THE BALTIC SEA Johannes Bach Rasmussen 1 Traces of the Cold War Period: Military Installations and Towns, Prisons, Partisan Bunkers Travel Guide. Traces of the Cold War Period The Countries around the Baltic Sea TemaNord 2010:574 © Nordic Council of Ministers, Copenhagen 2010 ISBN 978-92-893-2121-1 Print: Arco Grafisk A/S, Skive Layout: Eva Ahnoff, Morten Kjærgaard Maps and drawings: Arne Erik Larsen Copies: 1500 Printed on environmentally friendly paper. This publication can be ordered on www.norden.org/order. Other Nordic publications are available at www.norden.org/ publications Printed in Denmark T R 8 Y 1 K 6 S 1- AG NR. 54 The book is produced in cooperation between Øhavsmuseet and The Baltic Initiative and Network. Øhavsmuseet (The Archipelago Museum) Department Langelands Museum Jens Winthers Vej 12, 5900 Rudkøbing, Denmark. Phone: +45 63 51 63 00 E-mail: [email protected] The Baltic Initiative and Network Att. Johannes Bach Rasmussen Møllegade 20, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark. Phone: +45 35 36 05 59. Mobile: +45 30 25 05 59 E-mail: [email protected] Top: The Museum of the Barricades of 1991, Riga, Latvia. From the Days of the Barricades in 1991 when people in the newly independent country tried to defend key institutions from attack from Soviet military and security forces. Middle: The Anna Akhmatova Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia. Handwritten bark book with Akhmatova’s lyrics. Made by a GULAG prisoner, wife of an executed “enemy of the people”. Bottom: The Museum of Genocide Victims, Vilnius, Lithuania. -
Nobel Prize Commemoration in Riga: Media Echo and Objects
Acta medico-historica Rigensia (2018) XI: 92-120 doi:10.25143/amhr.2018.XI.03 Juris Salaks, Nils Hansson Nobel Prize Commemoration in Riga: Media Echo and Objects Abstract This paper is an attempt to investigate the discourses around the Nobel Prize, and it aims at deciphering the commemoration of the award in Riga. The public image of the Nobel Prize in Riga has previously been commented on in a few papers, but has never been studied at length. The first part of the current study contextualises several Nobel links from the city, universi- ties and state printed media, as well as more hidden tracks from the Nobel Prize nominations’ archive. The second part highlights Ilya Mechnikov (Elie Metchnikoff’s, Nobel laureate in physiology or medicine in 1908) collection in Pauls Stradins Museum of the History of Medicine, including a detailed description of his Nobel medal and his ambivalent feelings about this award. Keywords: Nobel Prize, Latvian press, Riga, Baltic States, Ilya Mechnikov (Elie Metchnikoff), Paul Ehrlich, Wilhelm Ostwald, Paul Valden, Ernst von Bergmann, Harald zur Hausen. Several compendia on the history of medicine use the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine as a lens for reviewing scientific trends in the history of medicine in the last century. The medical historian Erwin Ackerknecht, for instance, argued that the tendencies of the 20th century cutting-edge medicine are illustrated by the names of those who received the Nobel Prize. 1 1 Erwin H. Ackerknecht, A short history of medicine (New York: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1968). 92 Also, more recent textbooks, such as Ortrun Riha’s Grundwissen Geschichte, Theorie und Ethik der Medizin 2, Jacalyn Duffin’s History of Medicine: A Scandalously Short Introduction 3, Tatiana Sorokina’s History of Medicine 4 have (at least in some editions) enclosed lists of Nobel laureates to highlight prominent work throughout the 20th century. -
(81) 2013 Visaginas NPP Specialists in Riga on May 15 of This Year The
4 (81) 2013 Visaginas NPP Specialists in Riga On May 15 of this year the Faculty of Transport and Mechanical Engineering of Riga Technical University was visited by Dr. Rimantas Vaitkus, the Chairman of the Company Visagino Atomine Elektrine (VAE) and Valdas Ledzinskas, Director of the Technology Department. At the well- attended seminar VAE representatives presented the development of the Visaginas NPP project. View of Surge Protective Devices (SPD) Operation Basic Principles SPD is a modern integrated appliances, including both voltage limiting and current limiting and thermal protection devices, and EMI and / or RFI filters. Today EMC immunity AC line filters are used to limit the emission of terminal equipment. The final equipment has become more sophisticated and intelligent, which require a much larger emission and immunity control. Outstanding Scientist Paul Walden (1863–1957) and his 150th Anniversary in the UNESCO World Event Register for 2013 Paul Walden (1863–1957) was the most outstanding chemist of Latvian origin – a son of a peasant in Livonia. He discovered Walden inversion (founder of dynamic stereochemistry) and discovered a lot (about 50) of highly polar non-aqueous solvents for electrochemistry, introduced Walden salts. Walden graduated from Riga Polytechnicum, lectured there from 1887 till 1919 (professor from 1894), held twice the position of the rector of Riga Polytechnical Institute (1902–1905, 1917–1919). He was Full member of St. Petersburgh Imperial Academy of Sciences, the head of its Chemical laboratory (1910–1918). Since 1919 Walden lived and worked in Germany. He proved the biogenic origin of earth oil. 2013 is declared by UNESCO as memorial year of P.Walden. -
The Formation of Latvia's University During the First Republic
essay 7 CREATING A “CASTLE OF LIGHT” THE FORMATION OF LATVIA’S UNIVERSITY DURING THE FIRST REPUBLIC by Per Bolin illustration Ragni Svensson n the aftermath of World War I, the new Latvian state their academic experiences at Russian universities. To what Treasury and the ministries of Trade and Industry, Communi- emerged as a result of the simultaneous implosion of the extent would established ethnic Latvian academics be able cation, and Agriculture. The convening Ministry of Education Romanov and Hohenzollern empires.1 The Baltic Ger- to embrace and adapt to a new national knowledge regime was represented by Minister Kārlis Kasparsons and the ethnic mans, the former hegemonic group, were almost com- at the Latvian university in Riga? Would they be motivated to Latvian Pauls Valdens, former head of the Tsarist Riga Poly- pletely replaced by politicians and intellectuals of the new join the unknown and unproven Latvijas Universitāte at all? technical Institute. The Latvian professional organizations nation’s ethnic majority, the Latvians. Not surprisingly, this invited were those connected to the fields of engineering, law, had radical implications for the academic sphere. The crucial IN REGARD TO ethnicity, the organizers of the new university education, and agronomy. Subcommittees for each faculty matter of creating a Latvian “national” university may be in Riga certainly faced a serious dilemma. While Latvian were swiftly put together to plan the further recruitment of seen as an example of the way this new nation was structured academics were relatively scarce, there was no lack of well- academic staff. in both symbolic and practical terms.