AFRICA’S BEST READ

October 11 to 17 2019 Vol 35 No 41 mg.co.za @mailandguardian

Ernest How rugby After 35 Mancoba’s just can’t years, Africa genius give has a new acknowledged racism tallest at last the boot building Pages 40 to 42 Sport Pages 18 & 19 Keeping the lights on Eskom burns billions for coal And YOU will be paying for it Page 3

Photo: Paul Botes Zille, Trollip lead as MIGRATION DA continues to O Visa row in Vietnam Page 11 OSA system is ‘xenophobic’ Page 15 tear itself apart OAchille Mbembe: No African is a foreigner Pages 4 & 5 in Africa – except in SA Pages 28 & 29 2 Mail & Guardian October 11 to 17 2019 IN BRIEF ppmm Turkey attacks 409.95As of August this is the level of carbon Kurds after Trump Yvonne Chaka Chaka reneges on deal NUMBERS OF THE WEEK dioxide in the atmosphere. A safe number Days after the The number of years Yvonne Chaka is 350 while 450 is catastrophic United States Chaka has been married to her Data source: NASA withdrew troops husband Dr Mandlalele Mhinga. from the Syria The legendary singer celebrated the border, Turkey Coal is king – of started a ground and couple's wedding anniversary this aerial assault on Kurdish week, posting about it on Instagram corruption positions. Civilians were forced to fl ee the onslaught. President Donald Trump’s unex- Nigeria's30 draft budget plan At least one person dies every single day so pected decision to abandon the United States’s that we can have electricity in . allies in the fi ght against the Islamic State has for 2020, as announced by This is a conservative number. already seen aid workers leave the area. The President Muhammadu Hundreds of thousands more spend every Turkish assault puts hundreds of thousands R1.5m Buhari this week. The rec- The amount in damages day sick — coughing and moving lethargi- of lives at risk. In defending his move Trump former president Jacob ord budget plan is based cally, their bodies strangled by chronic argued that the Kurds “didn’t help us with on a projected price for conditions — because of the air pollution Normandy”. The US president somehow man- Zuma's son, Duduzane, is reportedly seeking from crude oil of $57 a barrel created when coal is burned to move the aged to avoid having to serve in his country’s and output of 2.18-million turbines that generate our electricity. military at least fi ve times. the state over his arrest at barrels a day in Africa's We accept this because most of us don’t OR Tambo International Graphic: JOHN McCANN leading producer by:Compiled SARAH SMIT see these people. Jail corrupt politicians, not activists Airport last year That’s why we have elected offi cials to The #FeesMustFall movement may have set policy, and civil servants to enact that largely ended for most. But for Kanya Cekeshe, policy. But, as we have reported ad infi ni- who is serving a fi ve-year sentence for his R434.7bn tum over the years, and again this week, involvement in the protests, it is very much coal is a dirty and expensive industry. The a case of “the struggle continues”. He was in story of coal is a story of the big industries court this week, arguing for bail. He is ask- The2 number000 of women that that built the stock exchange — without ing that his conviction be overturned, in part die because of cervical pricing in the damage that they did to because his defence attorneys were inept and cancer in Zimbabwe each anyone who wasn’t white. that a video showing him trying to set a police Decisions taken about coal are rarely in vehicle alight was never properly introduced year. The country has been ranked among the top 10 the public interest. as evidence. Supporters of the Economic The number of domestic workers that As we report this week, Eskom is pay- Freedom Fighters showed up at court en 151 000 in Africa with the highest ing some mines more than double what masse, with EFF spokesperson Mbuyiseni have reportedly found jobs through number of people dying of they should be paying for coal. Coal was Ndlozi reminding the faithful that corrupt the SweepSouth app. According to cervical cancer also a site for profi teering by the Gupta politicians belong in jail, not the activist Business Insider SA, the Uber-style app family. Corrupt elites understand that, in fi ghting to ensure black youth have access to has raised R50-million in funding, this country, we don’t question coal. It is a education. which will be used for expansion into “necessity”. It “keeps the lights on”. other African markets Even if it kills people. And even if it’s tak- Out now: ‘Iqbal and ing away any chance for a liveable future. the Invaders’ Eskom is responsible for nearly half of The fi nancial regu- this country’s carbon emissions; a quarter lator swooped on of the emissions for the African continent. Sekunjalo’s offi ces pupil was stabbed and killed by three fellow Coal isn’t unique in the family of fossil this week as part pupils at a high school in Mossel Bay. A day fuel industries. In an investigation pub- of an investigation later a 15-year-old was stabbed at school after TWEET OF THE WEEK lished this week, The Guardian said that into market manipu- an argument with a fellow pupil at a high just 20 companies have been responsible lation that saw the school in . The father of the 14-year-old for a third of all the carbon emissions since Public Investment Sebokeng pupil later said that his child and 1965 — a date when those companies knew Corporation (PIC) pay R4.3-billion for a 20% the attacker were friends, and that the stab- burning fossil fuels was heating the planet. stake in subsidiary Ayo Technology Solutions. bing had been an accident. Charges against the This is an industry that has been killing Numerous commentators have suggested 15-year-old accused have provisionally been people, and driving the climate crisis, for the PIC hugely overpaid. The head honcho withdrawn. decades, even though it knew at what cost at Sekunjalo, Iqbal Survé, who also runs it was profi ting. Independent Newspapers (which includes Dual teaching at Stellenbosch ruled out We should have a fi nal version of the The Star, The Mercury and the Cape Argus), The Constitutional Court has affi rmed national energy plan this month — the immediately decried the raid as an attempt Stellenbosch University’s right to use English Integrated Resource Plan. The cheapest by President Cyril Ramaphosa and Public as its main language of instruction. The appli- version of how the national grid should Enterprises Minister Pravin Gordhan to stop cation to try to compel the university to intro- work is for a mix of renewable energy the publication of damning information on the duce a dual English/Afrikaans language policy, sources. With Eskom R450-billion in debt, two that his newspaper group planned to pub- as proposed in the 2014 university plan, came the cheapest option would make sense. lish this weekend. Popcorn anyone? from Afrikaner lobby group Gelyke Kanse That’s also the option where people aren’t and the president of convocation (which dying every day because of air pollution. Police watchdog under the cosh represents graduates), among others. “The But a powerful lobby, from petroleum Public protector Busisiwe Mkhwebane 2014 policy created an exclusionary hurdle and mining companies as well as corrupt has agreed to suspend her remedial action for specifi cally black students. The university Ex-mayor misses Hawks raid elites, seems to have ensured that new against the Independent Police Investigative showed that classes conducted in Afrikaans, The Hawks and the Asset Forfeiture Unit coal plants are included in the plan. Directorate (Ipid) pending a review. with interpreting from Afrikaans into English, raided the Umhlanga home of former eThek- We know the costs of coal. Our elected Mkhwebane had found the police watchdog made black students not conversant in wini mayor Zandile Gumede on Thursday offi cials — and their business comrades — guilty of procurement irregularities, malad- Afrikaans feel marginalised, excluded and stig- morning. She and other senior city offi cials, are just doing a diff erent kind of account- ministration and the irregular appointment of matised,” said Justice Johan Froneman. as well as a contractor, are accused of fraud in ing. — Sipho Kings deputy director Theresa Botha at an the awarding of a refuse removal tender worth annual salary of nearly R1.2-million. Rooney snares fellow WAG Vardy about R208-million. During the raid luxury In the umpteenth appeal of a With Coleen Rooney’s personal life con- sports cars and other assets were confi scated. public protector ruling, Ipid has stantly the fodder of tabloid fare, the Gumede’s bail could also be in jeopardy. The taken the matter on review to footballer’s wife decided to do some police said she had broken her bail conditions the high court in . New investigating. Acting on her suspicions, by not informing them that she had moved Published by M&G Media Ltd, SUBSCRIPTIONS investigative journalism unit she narrowed access to her Instagram from her Umhlanga home. Gumede’s arrest Eighth Floor, Metal Box, Inquiries: 011 447 0696 or Viewfi nder this week revealed stories to only one account. Next has plunged local ANC branches into turmoil, 25 Owl Street, Braamfontein SMS “subs” to 34917 Werf, , South Complaints: 0860 070 700 that in 2016 Ipid prematurely up Coleen put up some far fetched with supporters claiming the charges are noth- Africa. closed scores of cases, especially drivel only British tabloids would ing more than a political ploy. For a diff erent PO Box 91667, Auckland Park, DISTRIBUTION before the end of the fi nancial believe. And, voila! The suspect — take on the story, see Page 27. 2006. TO SHOPS Website: www.mg.co.za M&G Media Ltd is now year to show improvement in fellow footballer wife Rebekah responsible for its own its performance. Using a “special Vardy — was revealed as the Free speech above profi ts CONTACT US newspaper distribution. closures” loophole, cases that were leak. The Brits, who are fasci- The pro-democracy protests in Hong Kong Johannesburg: 011 250 7300 If you can’t find your prematurely closed included those nated by the wives and girl- continues unabated with China trying to force Advertising fax: 011 250 7503 favourite read in the : 021 426 0802 shops, please phone involving assault, corruption, friend, are loving this “WAG its “business partners” to toe the offi cial line. Cape Town fax: 021 425 9056 011 447 0696 death as a result of police action, war” distraction from their Among those sent to the naughty corner is Letters to the editor: death in police custody, and rape. never-ending Brexit night- Apple, who has cleverly distributed an already [email protected] Printed by Caxton Printers Ipid is conducting its own inves- mare and have duly dubbed wildly popular app that shows police concen- (Pty) Ltd, 14 Wright Street, Industria West, 2093 tigation into the matter. Wayne’s wife Wagatha trations throughout the city through live, user- . 010 492 3394 Christie. based updates. The worst off ender, it seems, School stabbings in is the United States’s NBA Houston Rockets The Mail & Guardian subscribes spotlight. Again manager, Daryl Morey, who tweeted his sup- to the South African Press Code, The week started with news port for the protests. In turn, China’s state-run which prescribes news that is of a 14-year-old being fatally Exposed: WAG royal media, along with Naspers-controlled Tencent, truthful, accurate, fair and balanced. stabbed at school in Sebokeng, Coleen Rooney (left) has removed all Rockets content. Credit must If we don’t live up to the code, Johannesburg. Later that day go to the National Basketball Association for please contact the Press Ombudsman at 011 484 3612/8. has outed her princess, came the news that a grade nine Rebekah Vardy affi rming the principle of free speech. 3 Mail & Guardian October 11 to 17 2019 News The high price of coal connections

Eskom is spending R4.5m more on coal each day Same coal, different prices because of contracts that are Eskom is paying some suppliers more than double or triple than others for similar coal lucrative for certain producers LIMPOPO Thanduxolo Jika, Sabelo Skiti Coal-fired power stations in Mpumalanga and M&G Data Desk GAU. Emalahleni Expected quality of the Arnot he taxpayer will be burdened with a Cost of the coal “As received” calorific valu Free carrier arrangement Kendal roughly R10-billion bill over the next Comparison of various coal suppliers megajoules per kilogram (M Duvha Hendrina six years, because Eskom has failed (FCA) in rands per tonne to negotiate a standard price for the T Glencore Operations SA — Zonnebloem R518.45 (20.5) Ermelo coal it burns to keep the lights on. Matla ESW. The Mail & Guardian can reveal that Eskom Zomhlaba Resources — Lakeside and Leeuwfontein R326.57 (20.5) Kriel has contracted 16 coal-producing companies to Standerton Camden Glencore Operations SA — Tweefontein, rail spec R607.01 (20.5) provide it with more than 70-million tonnes of F. STATE Majuba coal in the next six years at a cost of more than Stuart Coal — East Block, second addendum R263.63 (20.5) R38-billion. R38.24bn 50km Tutuka Value of Eskom Volksrust But Eskom could have saved about R10- Iyanga Mining — Kleinfontein R336.20 (20.5) coal contracts from KZN billion — or nearly R4.5-million a day — had it 2018 to 2024 (17% is paid to Glencore) negotiated a better deal. Cost of the coal Target Responding to M&G questions, Eskom said it Free carrier arrangement Total value of each Glencore’s contracts to supply coal* power was untrue that it has failed to negotiate coal (FCA) in rands per tonne station of the Glencore contracts prices but rather it ended up paying higher prices due to a rapid decline of coal stock. Zonnebloem: Nov 1 2018 to Oct 31 2020 R518.45 (20.5) Hendrina R1.43bn The cost of the utility’s energy is under scru- Tweefontein, rail spec: Nov 1 2018 to Apr 30 2020 R607.01 (20.5) Majuba R2.14bn tiny, with President Cyril Ramaphosa raising the issue in Thursday’s question and answer Tweefontein, high spec: Nov 1 2018 to Apr 30 2020 R665.86 (21.5) Kriel R680.37m session in the National Council of Provinces. Mineral and Energy Resources Minister Impunzi, low spec: Nov 1 2018 to Oct 31 2020 R403.36 (18.7) Kendal R504.86m Gwede Mantashe warned last week: “At these Impunzi, high spec: Nov 1 2018 to Apr 30 2020 R980.00 (24.5) Arnot R1.89bn prices of electricity, this economy is going to col- lapse. You have got to reduce the prices — what *Of Eskom’s 254 coal contracts Glencore has five Some figures have been rounded off Graphic: JOHN McCANN Compiled by: M&G DATADESK we are saying is coal producers must contribute in ensuring that it is actually addressed.” In part, because of these prices, Eskom lost ing from the 16 contracted companies is 20.45 Gupta-owned Tegeta Exploration and Resources multiyear price determination for the 2018-2019 R21-billion in the last fi nancial year. gigajoules per kilogram — with an average cost selling coal to Eskom at R20 per gigajoule — financial year, which allows Eskom to spend Last month Mantashe, Public Enterprises of R409 per tonne. which equates to R400 per tonne. R39-billion for 114-million tonnes of coal. Minister Pravin Gordhan and Trade and If Eskom paid this average for the 70-million Now, questions are being asked about A breakdown of these figures reveals that Industry Minister Ebrahim Patel held “emer- tonnes, it would pay R28-billion. But, because Glencore and its high coal prices. Eskom is limited to R344 per tonne without gency talks” with suppliers, through the certain companies charge more, Eskom is now One former Eskom executive asked: “Why transportation costs — which could add a fur- Minerals Council, to address the high prices. going to part with R10-billion more — which is was it wrong when the Guptas were being paid ther R100 per tonne. The council is made up of industry players in then passed on to the consumer, or taxpayer. more and it is now okay when it is companies Several commentators, including dismissed the energy and minerals space. For example, Glencore is charging R607 per such as Glencore and Seriti?” adding that if former Eskom executive Matshela Koko, told In a statement to the M&G, the council said tonne when the National Energy Regulator of there was no reason to pay such high prices the M&G that Eskom only had itself to blame last month’s meeting was to deal with the sup- South Africa (Nersa) has guidelines saying it then, why now? because as the largest consumer, it could nego- ply of coal to Eskom and “especially to deal should be R350 per tonne delivered. A senior Eskom offi cial, who did not want to tiate on its own terms. with bottlenecks”. Four of the most expensive prices, per tonne, be named, told the M&G that the prices varied In a statement to the M&G, Eskom said: “From a Minerals Council and companies, are part of Glencore contracts. The most expen- from one mine to another: “Prices from old “The notion that Eskom has failed to negotiate perspective, due and careful consideration is sive coal is R980 per tonne and, although this contracts were cheaper ... emergencies created proper coal contracts, across the board, is mis- being given to being mindful of competition has a higher quality rating, it is still more expen- from 2008 and future years pushed prices up. leading ... For example, in instances where sup- regulation. What is important to note is that sive than similarly rated coal from other fi rms. Transport prices are currently infl ated to benefi t pliers are unwilling to divulge their costs, and purchasing coal makes up only around 30% of Glencore is charging between R100 and suppliers with connected offi cials. Some prices where there is an immediate need for coal to Eskom’s cost structure, and this fi gure is even R200 more per tonne, even for coal that has are infl ated — claiming good quality coal, which cover the shortfall, the option of either reducing lower than that (around 26%) if capex is con- an average quality rating. Other suppliers — is not true.” the burn with the risk of load-shedding needs to sidered. And Eskom has agreed that it will be such as Iyanga Mining, Zomhlaba Resources The details of the coal costs come as the be weighed up against paying the higher prices looking at all elements of its cost base.” and Stuart Coal — price their coal at R336.20, treasury sets out specific conditions for yet for a shorter duration to alleviate this risk. Analysis of Eskom’s coal price contracts R326.57 and R263.63 respectively. another Special Appropriation Bill tabled “This is precisely what happened during the shows a wide range of prices paid for the raw Glencore spokesperson Shivani Chetram said: before parliament. This will see Eskom receive latter half of 2018: Eskom ended up paying material — with some companies charging the “Glencore’s contracts are negotiated on an arms- R59-billion over the next two years. higher prices after protracted arduous negotia- utility double the price it is paying other, smaller length basis and are based on market prices and This latest bailout follows a R69-billion com- tions, due to rapid decline of coal stock. There suppliers for the same or similar coal quality. conditions at the time of negotiation.” mitment made in February’s budget speech. was an urgent need to replenish coal stock in On average the quality of coal Eskom is buy- In 2016 and 2017 there was an outcry over The latest fi gures also fl y in the face of Nersa’s the short term.” 4 Mail & Guardian October 11 to 17 2019 News DA elections test for new party leader

With an internal vote a week away, leaks and public fights, the party is grappling for direction

Lester Kiewit & Paddy Harper influence the internal workings of the party. Starting in the manner in he Democratic Alliance’s which they used race to punt who most important decision- should succeed Mmusi, and then making body — its fed- target DA members like Herman Under the whip: The latest movements in the party indicate that there are some who clearly want Democratic Teral executive — will meet Mashaba, Phumzile van Damme, Alliance leader (above) out at the next leadership conference. Others in the party, however, next week to elect a new and directly attack them.” say that, in general, most members still have faith in him. Photos: Delwyn Verasamy chairperson, and unpack the party’s Malatsi says in principle there’s no disappointing showing in this year’s issue with former members of staff national elections. A report will joining the IRR — they should just also be tabled, which could recom- refrain from trying to influence a mend that its current leadership be party they left. removed. Johannesburg mayor Mashaba The meeting is increasingly being also weighed in, accusing the IRR of seen as a precursor for a battle for trying to “capture” the party. the party leadership in 2021. Younger, black members of the Former DA leader , DA say Zille and former leader Tony who moved to the Institute of Race Leon should stay retired and accept Relations (IRR) from the party, that the party has moved on. announced her decision to stand Leon stepped into the ongoing DA as chairperson days after the IRR fracas when he and other leaders backed premier Alan of the party approached Maimane Winde to replace Mmusi Maimane, to step down. Maimane refused. setting the scene for a drive to oust Instead, he has suggested an early the party’s current leader. party election. A new chair is needed after James Eight months after finishing two Selfe stepped down. His successor terms as Western Cape premier, will be chosen by voting delegates Zille — the former party leader — at the DA federal council meeting, quit her job as a senior policy fel- which sits next week. low at the IRR to announce her The decision makers in that room candidacy. include the 30 members of the fed- She said: “In recent months, the eral executive — the body respon- DA has been through a period of sible for the day-to-day running turmoil and distress. As a party, it is of the party — the DA’s provincial important for us to reflect, to intro- and regional leaders, as well as 24 spect and to begin the process of MPs, 24 MPLs and 24 councillors. reconnecting with voters. If elected An additional 30 voting delegates as chairperson of the federal coun- are drawn from DA members who cil, my objective will be to support are not in public office, and are co- the leadership in its goal of stabilis- party is then viewed if it wants to by-elections across the country. In tioned his occupation of a house opted by the elected federal council ing the party and getting it back on attract young people. these, it has lost out mainly to the owned by a business partner, and a members. track.” “Anybody in the party has the ANC and the . vehicle donated by Marcus Jooste’s In the build-up to this election, a The Mail & Guardian canvassed ability to make their views known One DA federal executive com- Steinhoff company appeared in the series of leaks to media and opinion several DA MPs, who said that they to contest positions. I don’t find it mittee member said the party is media. pieces — as well as strategic tweets are unhappy with Zille and Leon’s problematic… If she [Zille] feels panicking ahead of the 2021 local Maimane has maintained that he and comments — have shown this return to internal party politics. she’s capable enough she has every government elections. The big fear paid monthly rent, and the party election to be a test of the 2021 elec- One said: “The risk with people right to do so. The question we must is in metropolitan areas such as confirmed the vehicle was returned tion for party leader. who’ve had their turn and now want ask though is what organisation do Johannesburg and Tshwane, where after the party got wind of Jooste’s The IRR — often ideologically to come back is in how it is per- we want, and how does that organi- the party has cobbled together co- alleged financial malfeasance. aligned with the DA — has posi- ceived in public. Some people are sation look and feel?” operative agreements with smaller But Maimane isn’t out of the spot- tioned itself against Maimane. unable to let go and allow those who Other party members say that parties. light just yet. At the fedex election Several former and current party are in charge of leading. If people although the party in general still The DA has already lost power next week, an election review report members have been employed as felt they left far too early, then they has faith in Maimane, he is being in the Bay is also expected to be tabled. This researchers or analysts at the insti- must live with the consequences.” undermined. metro, where former mayor Athol will unpack the party’s electoral tute. Helen Zille was a policy fel- “What is happening here is that Other members whom the M&G Trollip was ousted in a vote of no performance and will make recom- low, former DA MP Gwen Ngwenya ex-leaders are regretting they left talked to feel that the upcoming confidence. mendations as to how to win back was the institute’s former chief because the world outside politics election for a new fedex chairperson Only the City of Cape Town is seen support. operating officer, whereas former isn’t as fulfilling as they thought it could be seen as a curtain raiser to as relatively safe, where the party “The possibilities for recommen- DA researcher, communications would be. There’s also this sense of a 2021 elective conference — where won a two-thirds majority in the dations could be broad,” said one specialist and adviser Gareth van mistrust or the belief that those who Maimane is likely to be challenged 2016 municipal polls. party senior member. “It could Onselen was its head of politics and come after them need to sustain for the leadership position. “The election results were a dif- hypothetically recommend what governance. their legacy rather than chart their A party member said: “With all ficult reality for us. That is driving type of coffee should be served at DA Two weeks ago, the IRR published course.” the public spats in the past few days, all this contestation. People are offices, to a decision that the leader an opinion piece by policy staffer DA Youth leader Luyolo Mphithi we’ve had several members going reacting in different ways in how we should be removed.” Hermann Pretorius, calling for said those who want to contest posi- on radio and TV to say this or that recover from this slump we had. It Malatsi said the review report is Maimane to be replaced by Western tions must also think of how the particular leader is not fit to lead. came as a shock,” the senior party not meant to be punitive, but put Cape premier as party I’d like to think the fedex chair elec- member said. forward solutions for how the party leader. tion is not a proxy battle for leader- After steady growth since the 1999 unifies and attracts voters. The think-tank this week launched ship, but we just have to connect the general election — where it man- “The party realises now more than what it called a #SaveTheOpposition Fedex election seen dots.” aged only 1.7% of the vote — to 2014 ever we need to be united. We need campaign meant to be a “reaction to as a precursor to Much of the pressure on Maimane — where it received its highest per- to rally behind a common vision. It the dire state of opposition politics comes from a disappointing election centage of 22.3% — 2019 saw the DA is clear the interventions that the in South Africa”. conference where season for the party, where it lost slump for the first time in its history, leadership has initiated, includ- The DA has demanded that the Maimane’s leadership five seats in the National Assembly to 20.7% ing the (election) review, are part IRR stop trying to influence internal — going from 89 to 84 seats. Last week, an internal investiga- of the solutions that we need so we politics. Party spokesperson Solly is likely to be Subsequently, the party has had tion cleared Maimane of any wrong- can recover from some of the voting Malatsi said: “They have sought to challenged wards snatched from it in recent doing, after leaked stories ques- losses.” Mail & Guardian October 11 to 17 2019 5 News Zille, Trollip faves for fedex head

Four people are contenders for the second most powerful position in the DA

Lester Kiewit

emocratic Alliance members voting in the October 18 election Dof a federal executive (fedex) chairperson have a tough choice to make. Four senior DA members are run- The great white race: Contenders for the position of federal executive chairperson are (from left) Thomas Walters, , Helen Zille and Mike ning for the position — former party Waters. The position became vacant when resigned to take up the task of heading up the party’s governance unit leader Helen Zille, federal executive chairperson Athol Trollip, deputy women, youth and student bodies. “I’m not campaigning in the media, “He’s seen as someone who’s not nationalist party like the ANC or the (fedex) chairperson and The federal council, which has I campaign towards delegates and divisive. Whether he is strong admin- EFF [Economic Freedom Fighters].” deputy federal executive chairperson about 160 members, is made up of I’m sticking to that. But I do think istratively is another question that He says the DA’s disappointing Thomas Walters. fedex members, MPs, members of there are four fantastic candidates hangs over him. It is between Helen result in the recent general elections Zille and Trollip are generally provincial legislatures, local govern- that I think are competing against and Athol, and Thomas might have shows the party has lost its way. regarded as the real contenders for ment councillors, provincial party one another and they all have a lot to the outside chance as a reconciler.” “The May election showed we have the position. leaders, and up to 24 members who offer.” Waters says he is on a mission to a disconnect with voters, and then The two frontrunners have been are not public representatives. Some federal council members say recapture the “soul” of the party. with results of by-elections showed campaigning in public and private, The federal council develops the it is a two-horse race between Zille “Our core value is classical lib- a great swing [away from the DA]. but Waters and Walters have opted policies for the party. This is the body and Trollip. eralism. We have to reject racism, We’ve lost a third of our seats since to speak directly to voting delegates. that will elect the new fedex chair- But one member worries that an and that includes BEE [black eco- May. If this was a business, and it The fedex is the party’s highest person using a preferential vote sys- all-out election battle could do more nomic empowerment], which is a lost a third of its customers ... it is decision-making body. It consists of, tem — where candidates are ranked harm than good, and suggested that racist policy,” he says. frightening.” among others, the party leader, the from their most preferred to their some may seek a compromise can- “We say that we are liberal, but we Waters says he is honoured to fedex chairperson, provincial party least preferred candidate. didate. “Mike [Waters] is not a con- talk about BEE or white privilege. It be running against Zille, who he leaders, the parliamentary chief Asked to comment on his candi- tender. But Thomas Walters has an is conflicting messages. We’re either describes as someone who has done whip and members of the party’s dacy, Walters is reticent to speak. outside chance. a liberal party or we are a racial a lot for the party.

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Total gender composition A persistent Gender composition Number of employees Male Female Male Constitutional 6 division 9 imbalance Court 3 (Bloemfontein) 6 62.2% Gender and racial Supreme Court 17 Gauteng division 28 composition of South Africa’s of Appeal 9 (Pretoria) 18 Female Northern Cape 2 Gauteng local division 20 superior courts division (Kimberley) 4 (Johannesburg) 13 37.8% division 6 Limpopo division 4 (Grahamstown) 2 (Polokwane) 1 Eastern Cape local 3 Limpopo local division 3 Total racial composition division () 2 (Thohoyandou) 0 Eastern Cape local 2 Mpumalanga division 1 Black African White division (Bhisho) 2 (Nelspruit) 0 46.34% 33.33% Eastern Cape local 4 KwaZulu-Natal division 12 division (Mthatha) 3 (Pietermaritzburg) 3 Western Cape 20 KwaZulu-Natal local 7 division (Cape Town) 12 division (Durban) 7 Coloured Indian North West 2 Labour 7 Graphic: JOHN McCANN division (Mahikeng) 3 Court 5 Compiled by: M&G DATADESK 10.98% 9.35% Data source: SA JUDICIARY High court adds more women judges

Gender transformation crimination in the profession aff ects did most of her work in those early appointments to the Bench. days, took more than a year to pay remains a priority for The 2018-19 annual report of the her. She couldn’t get into more debt, the Judicial Service judiciary — released last week — she said. said that at the high court in Cape When asked why she always had Commission — women Town, 12 out 32 judges were women. to be “nudged” and “persuaded” to still face hurdles At the Free State division, six of the put herself forward to act as a judge 15 judges were women. and for appointment, van Rhyn said Daniso said that her father had that she was always conscious of Franny Rabkin been forced to take the scholarship being “one of the ones that didn’t as a loan. Then, when she became make it at the Bar”. ylvia Daniso’s father made an attorney, potential clients would Kusevitsky said that, at the Cape the mistake of taking her come into the office, look at her, Bar, the attrition rate for young along to meet his boss look around and ask, “Where is Mr black and women advocates was Swhen he was applying Moyana [my maiden name]?” “quite frightening”. for one of the university When Daniso was appointed as She said that she had been on the scholarships offered by the company a district magistrate, almost all of verge of leaving the Bar because she for employees’ children. her civil law judgments were taken was not managing when she had “You can’t take a girl to university. on appeal. This is where she “sharp- bumped into Thabani Masuku SC at She won’t manage. And before the Judge: Sylvia Daniso had to learn early on how to combat gender ened” her skills and learnt to write the mall. end of the year, she will come home discrimination. Photo: Oupa Nkosi/Judges Matter good judgments, she said. After Kusevitsky confi ded in him, pregnant,” the employer said. The quality of her judgment-writ- Masuku brought her into a commis- Daniso was on Tuesday recom- Kusevitsky and Hayley Slingers. when making appointments. ing was praised by commissioners, sion of inquiry. The income from mended for appointment as a judge Gender transformation remains Although progress has been made including Supreme Court of Appeal this enabled her to stay at the bar. of the high court in Bloemfontein. a preoccupation for the Judicial on race, the pace of change has been president Mandisa Maya. Slingers, responding to a question It was, overall, a good day for the Service Commission (JSC). The slower when it comes to putting Ilse van Rhyn, one of the unsuc- about why she had not taken silk, appointment of women to the Constitution requires the JSC to more women on the Bench. cessful candidates for the Free State said that to take silk an advocate Bench, with both of the vacancies consider the need for the judiciary The stories related by the women division, described how she had needed to have had certain opportu- in the Western Cape high court to broadly refl ect South Africa’s pop- candidates on Tuesday illustrated been forced to leave the Bar because nities, to get certain kinds of work, also going to women — Deidre ulation in terms of race and gender how directly racism and gender dis- the Legal Aid Board, for which she which she had never been given. Mogoeng versus the magistrates

Franny Rabkin the Judicial Offi cers Association of magistracy was separate from the South Africa (Joasa), when he made judiciary and fell under the justice A fierce exchange between Chief the statements. Asked to explain department. Justice Mogoeng Mogoeng and these comments, Thulare said mag- As far as the judiciary was con- Chief Magistrate Daniel Thulare on istrates were, “to the extent that cerned, judges dealt with judgments Tuesday exposed tensions between Joasa is aware”, not involved in but the courts were administered by the chief justice and the country’s Heads of Courts meetings and are the department. magistrates, who feel excluded only invited there when court opera- To bolster judicial independence, from the judiciary’s governance tional matters were discussed, but governance and administration structures. not when judicial governance was were moved to the judiciary — but The war of words at the Judicial discussed. not quite, said Tilley. When it came Service Commission reflects an The chief justice was having none to governance, there is currently no ongoing debate about the institu- of it: “I like people who speak truth clarity about lines of authority and tional independence of the judici- to power,” he said. But “it is never responsibility, she said. ary and how well a move for the right to say what is untrue”. From what she had observed, the judiciary to govern itself is being Alison Tilley, of advocacy group magistracy “wants to be involved”. Not happy: Chief magistrate Daniel Thulare has complained that implemented. Judges Matter, said behind this They don’t want to be governed by magistrates are being left out of decision making. Photo: Oupa Nkosi/ Thulare, interviewed for appoint- exchange was an incomplete tran- the leadership out of those superior Judges Matter ment as a judge to the high court in sition to a single and self-admin- courts, she said. Cape Town on Tuesday, was taken istered judiciary, which had been Responding to questions, Thulare Thulare stuck to his guns, saying report on the judiciary, but there to task for having said earlier this envisaged under previous judicial said that “to the extent that Joasa is the real problem was that magis- was no report on the performance of year that the Heads of Court — the and political leadership. aware”, the offi ce of the chief justice trates were not part of the govern- the magistracy,” he said. judiciary’s top governance struc- Independence of the judiciary invited people to meetings. ance structures. He said when the Again, this was not true said ture — “meets at the pleasure and referred not only to independence of Mogoeng said: “Who told you so? chief justice released the judiciary’s Mogoeng. He referred to his speech invitation of the chief justice” and mind when making judgments but As a judicial offi cer who appreciates annual report last week, there was that day in which he said that more made key decisions affecting also independence when it came to the importance of truth and asks nothing in it about the performance time was needed to develop key per- courts without the participation of administration. people to raise their hand to tell the of the magistracy. formance indicators for the magis- magistrates. Before a 2012 amendment to the truth, the whole truth and noth- “I was personally present on the trates’ courts. Thulare was president of the Constitution and the coming into ing but the truth before they speak third of this month, Chief Justice. The statements were not correct national magistrates’ organisation, eff ect of the Superior Courts Act, the before you.” I was wearing my gown. It was a and were unfortunate, he said. Mail & Guardian October 11 to 17 2019 7 News Tongaat loses taste for sweet life

The company will priority,” Ncalane said. “We have employed 282 people currently and sell its estates but is are still going to be employing more, leasing them to black about 350 people in three months. Some of the existing staff have taken sugarcane farmers in voluntary severance packages, but the meantime we have taken on everybody else.” Ncalane said Uzinzo had a haul- age agreement with Tongaat Hulett Paddy Harper which meant the company had a guaranteed market for all the sug- mbattled agri-processing arcane it produced. He said that and property giant Ton- despite the difficult market, the gaat Hulett is preparing sugar industry in South African Eto pull out of sugar farm- could survive with government inter- ing as part of a turna- vention and the imposition of import round plan that has seen the com- controls. pany issue 5 000 employees with “With government support in the retrenchment notices. form of regulation we can succeed Tongaat is still finalising the by running the business better and steps it will take to stabilise itself being able to compete internation- in the face of massive losses caused ally,” Ncalane said. by an auditing scandal, but it said Nkosikhona Nzama, the sugar sec- last week that it had “identifi ed the tor co-ordinator at the Food and opportunity for the company to exit Homes sweet homes: Tongaat Hullet’s sugar cane farms will be sold off for development (above) in order to Allied Workers Union (Fawu), said its direct sugar-cane farming activi- help turn the beleaguered company around. Photo: Delwyn Verasamy he was “shocked” to hear Tongaat ties in South Africa”. was pulling out of sugar farming. Tongaat has already identifi ed sev- Nzama said Fawu and other unions eral estates that it will lease to black were meeting this week ahead of cane growers to keep land productive a discussion with management on until the farms are sold for property October 16, at which ways of saving development. It is not clear at this jobs in the milling sector would be stage how long this initiative will be discussed. maintained for and at what point the “So far the retrenchments have company will sell its farms. impacted mainly on the agricultural Next week management will side and on support services. We meet with the unions operating at have been invited to a session to dis- Tongaat’s milling operations to dis- cuss the sugar milling operation. We cuss the retrenchments, which have are at the stage where we are look- thus far affected mainly agricul- ing at means of avoiding retrench- tural workers and staff employed in ments,” Nzama said. research and extension services. He said the union was still not clear Trading in Tongaat’s shares was about how many jobs were under suspended on the JSE and in London threat, with discussions focusing on in June over the accounting irregu- voluntary severance packages, early larities, with the company delaying retirement and reducing overtime. the release of its March results, while In a statement this week, Tongaat its results for several years were sub- Hulett board chairperson Louis jected to a forensic audit. von Zeuner said “substantial time On Tuesday, Tongaat’s board in the Caribbean and in other parts sugar plantations today are their ket rent to produce about 160 000 and eff ort” had gone into the “wide- extended its cautionary announce- of the world. And, when slavery was descendants. tonnes of sugarcane for Tongaat, ranging turnaround plan”, which ment to shareholders, saying it would abolished, indentured labour took its Last week, Tongaat announced generating an annual revenue of included broad-based economic announce a date for the release of the place. It amounted to slave labour, that it had established a “transfor- about R79-million. empowerment initiatives. results only on November 18. just legally. mation initiative”, called FarmCo, Uzinzo is 65% owned by three In an article in the Financial Mail The 127-year-old company’s South In South Africa — because the which would “ensure that land which black sugar farmers, with 15% owned this week, its editor, Rob Rose, said African sugar operations cover British colonial administration had has been targeted for future property by staff and 20% by Tongaat. that Tongaat had fi nally received the 119 000 hectares of land, mainly in not yet attacked the Zulu nation — development remains productive Sydney Ncalane, one of the part- 7 000 page forensic report into its KwaZulu-Natal and Mpumalanga, there was no forced labour pool in under sugarcane”. It said “numer- ners at Uzinzo, said the company fi nancial woes on Monday. This, he with subsidiaries operating in KwaZulu-Natal. ous” farms would “transition” by cre- had been able to retain about 280 writes, talks about “accounting high Mozambique and Zimbabwe. So, workers were imported from ating opportunities for third-party workers at the three estates, located jinks including backdating land sale At the time that Tongaat and India under a fi ve-year contract. For growers to farm Tongaat land, reduc- at Shongweni, Dube TradePort and agreements, overstating the value of Hulett were founded, sugar was a them to get home, they would have to ing job losses at farm level. Tongaat. More seasonal workers will its sugar cane roots and plantations, critical part of the European colonial serve out the contract. Many stayed. As a fi rst step, three estates total- be re-employed during the harvest- and improperly allocating costs”. project. The hunger for its sweetness Local activists often point to the ling 3 900 hectares will be leased to ing season. The report was presented to the drove large parts of the slave trade fact that some of the workers on the Uzinzo Sugar Farming at below mar- “Retrenched workers will be given board last month.

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,QMXVWZHHNVRLODQGJDVGHFLVLRQPDNHUVDQG JOREDOPLQLVWHUVZLOOGHVFHQGRQ&DSH7RZQ 7KLVLV\RXURSSRUWXQLW\WRQHWZRUNDQGPDNHGHDOVZLWKWKHP %RRNQRZ 8 Mail & Guardian October 11 to 17 2019 News Locals don’t trust Westbury calm

A year ago, the suburb rose up against violence. Now, with more police on the streets, there are fewer gunshots and less crime

Sarah Smit

avid Mentoor’s wife wasn’t happy with him greeting Heather Peter- Dson as she walked by his stall on Steytler road in Westbury. “It’s a bit embarrassing,” Mentoor says, a faint chuckle punc- tuating his words. Packets of oranges All seeing: Heather Peterson had greeted David Mentoor (above) Mentor: Aunty Bree (Brigit Munnik), who manages the Westbury Youth and tomatoes hang above his head minutes before she was killed in crossfire Centre, says policing alone can’t resolve crime in the suburb like dead animals in a butchery. A year ago, Peterson was caught in the crossfire of feuding gang mem- bers on her way home after collecting the report card of a 10-year-old rela- tive at the Westbury Primary School. “We were very well-acquainted me and her … That day, I just saw her pass here … And I can still see her. I just looked down. I couldn’t say, ‘Hi, how are you?’ Because my wife was very jealous of her. Then a few sec- onds after she entered the passage, I just heard shots.” Peterson’s murder sparked the week-long shutdown of Westbury, the Johannesburg suburb on the edge of Sophiatown and a short drive away from leafy Melville. Westbury residents took to the streets to protest the scourge of gang- related violence in their community. At the time members of the commu- nity told the Mail & Guardian that they had long been living in fear after years of violence in the area. On Tuesday morning, Westbury appears calm, which some residents attribute to the increased police presence after the shutdown. But members of the community say they have grown used to the violence and are bracing themselves for its next onslaught. Mentoor sits sorting sugary sweets into bankies. He is wearing a bright- green T-shirt emblazoned with the words: “Drug and gangs are not my heritage”. The voice of the former Relative peace: The streets of Westbury (above) are quieter as a president’s son, Duduzane Zuma, result of the increased presence of police. Former drug dealer who made an appearance at the Roberto Jones (left) is cautious about accepting the streets will Zondo inquiry into this remain quiet. Photos: Delwyn Verasamy week, blasts over the radio, forcing Mentoor to speak loudly. over and above normal crime preven- cried, because we don’t know who is He says that after he heard the gun- tion operations in the area”. next.” shots, he ran to the passage. “I just “To this end, we have had incidents When Roberto Jones walks into saw the poor lady laying there. And I of random shootings where we have Aunty Bree’s office, the two perform came back to my place and continued recovered illegal firearms and ammu- a skit of a mother disappointed with my work.” nition and made a number of arrests her son. She explains that they do Mentoor has owned the stall, which for possession of unlicensed firearms stage productions at the youth centre. stands on the pavement outside as we tackle the proliferation of ille- Jones is a reformed drug dealer and his mint green-painted house, for gal firearms on our streets,” she says. gang member. He is wearing a Bafana more than 20 years. The shop means In February, the high court in Bafana jersey but says he’d rather be Mentoor sees everything that goes on Johannesburg found Fransisco Miller wearing his Versace T-shirt. Later he in the street. “I see a lot. I don’t see guilty of three counts of gang-related changes into the T-shirt decorated a lot that happens, but I see a lot of murders and other serious offences. with glittery rhinestones. what is going on,” he says, sitting He was sentenced to 139 years He says, although there are more back in his chair. “When they shoot quite liveable, actually.” But, he Bree says, leaning forward from behind bars. His co-accused, Deuron police patrolling the area, they have here, I just bow my head. So it’s very adds, “After it gets dark, it’s like hell.” behind her desk. “The police are very Hendricks, was recently found guilty not prevented all crime because the terrible. And I have been living like Deeper into the suburb, things are a visible in the community. You see of gang-linked crimes, including two criminals are always one step ahead. this. I can’t leave my shop to run and lot worse, he says. them all around.” murders in Newclare, the suburb But he agrees that the violence has go look what’s happening.” On Tuesday, Brigit Munnik — who Gauteng police spokesperson adjacent to Westbury. calmed down. “Now it’s a bit quiet, But there have been no shootings is called Aunty Bree by her colleagues Brigadier Mathapelo Peters says Aunty Bree says the violence in you know. But I don’t want to say on the street since Peterson’s murder, and the children she mentors at the there has been “a significant improve- Westbury requires more than polic- it’s quiet, because as soon as you say Mentoor says. Westbury Youth Centre — is exuber- ment in relation to the crime land- ing; residents need to be involved in it’s quiet, you hear gunshots,” Jones During last year’s shutdown, Police ant, announcing that she just cel- scape” in Westbury. healing their other problems. “Tears says. He absentmindedly plays with Minister Bheki Cele visited Westbury ebrated her 60th birthday. She says that although the number walk in here. Poverty walks in here. a wad of Prestik as he talks, mould- to announce his plan to “clean the She agrees that after the shutdown of police officers in Westbury have Suicide walks in here. Child abuse, ing it into a perfect cylinder before streets of gangsters”. This included a the violence in Westbury cooled been “trimmed down” because of you name it. Every day our office is squishing it out of shape. “Because special task team to patrol the streets. down for some time. the reduction in serious and violent filled with all those challenges in the before the first shootings, it was Mentoor says: “Those police that “It was quiet for quite a long time. crime, the police have maintained a community.” quiet for more than three years, you came in, they helped us a bit. Since It was very quiet. But then it started presence that is “intelligence-driven Aunty Bree says it is much calmer understand … You don’t even want then, there have been a lot of police again. So up to now its every second and threat-based, conducting regular in Westbury, “because before, it was to say it’s quiet, you just want it to up and down here. And it has been or third week there are shots,” Aunty foot patrols and stop-and-searches every day. Every weekend. Parents be the way it is.” Mail & Guardian October 11 to 17 2019 9

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mo.ibrahim.foundation/mg 10 Mail & Guardian October 11 to 17 2019 News No crèche or preschool for 1.1m children

Poverty means more than a million youngsters are missing out on the benefits of early learning

Bongekile Macupe moving out with her family. Since dropping out of school, Mbele t is mid-morning on a hot Mon- has never worked. She and her chil- day. Driving in , most dren survive on the child support streets are quiet — most children grant. For her two children, this Iare at school and adults at work. amounts to R840. Making The streets of Elias Motsoaledi Mbele tells the Mail & Guardian ends meet: informal settlement near Diepkloof that of the R840, she spends about Lindiswa Mbele are also relatively quiet. But it is hard R400 on groceries and uses R200 (above) and to not miss the group of young chil- towards funeral cover for herself, her children dren playing in the muddy streets or her sons and parents. She spends a playing in the narrow passages between the variable amount on wood for the coal outside (left). shacks. stove, or to buy paraffi n for the par- The family A group of six children — all affi n stove (there is no electricity in survives on a under six years old — play in front of the area). The rest she uses to lay-bye child support Lindiswa Mbele’s yard. Two of them clothes for herself and her boys. grant of R840 are her sons: Simamkele (2) and “We are not living the best life but a month and Avela (4). None of the children are we are surviving,” she says. Mbele cannot attending crèche. One of the issues that troubles afford to send Mbele was 18 when she fell preg- Mbele is that she cannot take her her children to nant. She dropped out of school in children to crèche. She says they do a centre that grade 11 to look after her son. Two not attend crèche because the crèches offers early years later, she fell pregnant with her in the area are expensive — fees start childhood second born. When Simamkele was at R300 a month. development two months old, her then boyfriend “So if I had to take my children services. — the father of both her sons — disap- to crèche in this R840 that I get, we Photos: Delwyn peared. She hasn’t seen him since. would not survive,” she says. As well Verasamy Her children are just two of the as school fees, she would also have 1.1-million who cannot get to school to buy them a lunch snack to take to Review — released by Ilifa dren live in households that have got education early. “Early childhood because, despite the child grant, they crèche. There are also trips that they Labantwana last month — found per capita incomes below the upper experiences are particularly impor- cannot aff ord to. would have to go on. She says: “I that nearly 1.1-million children poverty line, which Statistics South tant in shaping the development of Inside her tiny shack, Mbele sits on would feel guilty when other children from age three to five do not have Africa has set at R1 138 a month. This the brain,” the report says top of the bed, which takes up most go on a trip and my kids are unable access to any form of early learning is money needed to provide for mini- Of these 70%, half will drop out of the space inside. At the end of the to go because I cannot aff ord to pay programme. mum nutrition needs and other basic before finishing secondary school, bed is a big, galvanised trunk that she for them.” The review noted that these chil- needs, such as clothes. according to the Ilifa Labantwana uses to store clothes. There is also a “Kubuhlungu [it is painful] to see dren are already at a disadvantage “Over two million children live report. “The numbers are staggering small cupboard, a sofa and a small my children not going to crèche. But when they begin formal school- in households where no members when aggregated over a generation. coal stove just next to the door. The andinamali [I’ve got no money] there ing. Ilifa Labantwana is a nonprofi t are working, either in the formal These children are chronically under- shack is home to Mbele and her chil- is nothing I can do for now.” organisation that aims to expand sector or in informal employment. powered to fully participate in the dren. When her mother and siblings She says that next year, when Avela access to quality early childhood These households would be entirely economy and society from the very moved to an RDP house last year, she turns fi ve, she is going to enrol him development. dependent on social grants and start.” remained behind with her children. at a preschool at a primary school in According to the report, because of remittances from family members The government has said it is trying “Sometimes as a person you Diepkloof. Mbele says she is prepared poverty, these children are excluded living elsewhere,” the report states. to address this problem by introduc- have to go through life on your to make the 28km round trip to drop from any early childhood develop- The report also says that 70% of ing grade R — the year before chil- own so that you can discover what and pick up her son. The fee there ment services — such as attending children aged birth to two years are dren go to school. The move has been you want in life. If you’re going to will be at least R100 a month. centres or crèches. This is because not attending any early learning pro- widely welcomed. But it will do little depend on your parents forever you Mbele’s story is not a unique one in they come from households that are grammes. This sets them back, espe- for parents who cannot afford the will not learn anything about life,” South Africa. less likely to aff ord school fees. cially when they have to compete at basics required for their children to she says about her reason for not The South African Early Childhood The report says 65% of young chil- schools against wealthier peers, who get to school and stay there.

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A South African official has found herself in not their employee. Meanwhile, in a letter written trouble after denying a visa to a would-be teacher, by ambassador Lekgoro and dated despite the application being riddled with errors August 29, he states that he met with Machimana, who is charged with migration matters at the embassy, Athandiwe Saba sion was correct, a mandated author- to clarify and confirm the situation ity had now issued an instruction,” around the issuing of a visa to the n immigration officer reads the letter. Filipino national. at the South African Based on numerous emails leaked “Machimana explained that she embassy in Hanoi, to the Mail & Guardian, it seems that had received a visa application … AVietnam, has been after Machimana made her decision and based on the relevant rules and threatened with — but before communicating it in requirements refused the applica- insubordination for refusing to writing to the department of home tion,” Lekgoro wrote. overturn her decision that a Filipino affairs — she was asked to rescind it. “Machimana was contacted by an national should not be given a visa In the emails, she is asked why she immigration agent in South Africa. to teach in this country. has not executed the outcome of an The agent indicated that he would That application started during appeal conducted by the department take up the matter with the respon- the xenophobic attacks in August of home affairs. Diplomatic ties: Ambassador Mpetjane Kgaogelo Lekgoro agreed with sible director in the department of in South Africa, when the immigra- On August 23, a regional co-ordi- his immigration officer’s decision, but was instructed to overturn it home affairs. Based on the rules and tion officer — Mmatlou Machimana nator for the department of home requirements I considered her deci- — received an application from a affairs, Veronica Loving, wrote to Vietnam, so could not apply in that ees may at times, if required, liaise sion to have been sound.” Filipino national who had landed a Machimana, asking why an appeal country to go to South Africa. on the phone with representatives Hlabane, the spokesperson for job at the American International outcome conducted by the depart- In another letter, to the ambassa- within this process for clarification home affairs, said the depart- School of Johannesburg. ment had not been executed for the dor in Vietnam, Machimana said the and follow-up purposes, which is ment could not answer questions After interviews, Machimana American International School. Filipino national was applying for a standard practice.” about Machimana as she is not an declined the application. In a let- Machimana responded, stating visitor’s visa, while her intention was When contacted, Machimana employee of the department. These ter, the Ambassador of South Africa that she had been threatened by to work in South Africa. refused to comment — stating that questions were also sent to Loving, in Vietnam — Mpetjane Kgaogelo Sihle Dumakude, an official of the When the M&G sent questions to she will await the decision of her who did not respond. Lekgoro — stated that he agreed school, who called her on August the school about the alleged threat, department. “Home affairs will investigate alle- with Machimana’s decision. But he 20 and “informed me that he will which were also sent to Dumakude, But it seems she has no depart- gations against its official [Loving] in also said that her decision had been report me to Home Affairs officials it said: “We are confident that our ment to answer to. foreign office co-ordination, and any overruled. he knows so that the appeal pro- visa applications made to secure new When Clayson Monyela, the evidence in this regard will assist our “However, in view of the instruc- cess can be set aside and the appli- teacher employment are compliant spokesperson for the department of internal investigation,” Hlabane said. tions received from the department cation can be processed”. She also with the laws and regulations stipu- international relations and co-oper- Neither department would provide of home affairs, I requested and pointed out that the applicant was lated by home affairs and relevant ation, and David j, spokesperson for answers as to what processes must be instructed Ms Machimana to issue not a Vietnamese national and did visa authorities.” the department of home affairs, were followed for a foreign national to be the visa. While I agreed that her deci- not have a long-term visa to be in It added that: “School employ- contacted, both said Machimana was granted a visa to work in South Africa.

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THE DIALOGUE WILL FOCUS ON CANCERS IN WOMEN

RSVP: DATE: Monday, 21 October 2019 VENUE: Artscape Theatre, Please contact Nazeema Jogee on 021 683 1444 or TIME: DF Malan St, Foreshore, Cape Town 7:00pm for 7:30pm email [email protected]. DRESS CODE: (programme commences at 7:30pm) Smart Casual Admission free. RSVP essential. 12 Mail & Guardian October 11 to 17 2019 News AG red flags Ingonyama’s board

Paddy Harper control for the past fi ve years — to Goodwill Zwelithini, the sole trustee. organisations. This will be heard in the ITB’s fi nancial statements “mis- prove that it is benefiting them as The ITB is funded by the land reform November. stated” its financial position by he Ingonyama Trust intended. department, whereas the portfolio Committee chair failing to meet either recognised Board (ITB) has been hit The Trust collects rentals from committee exercises oversight on its told Ngwenya the committee wanted accounting standards or the Public with an adverse audit commercial and residential tenants, performance. a report of all funds ploughed into Finance Management Act (PFMA). Tfinding by the auditor which are meant to be disbursed to Parliamentary and presiden- traditional councils and communi- The Trust also “failed to properly general for the 2018-2019 local communities, with 10% being tial panels have recommended the ties over the past fi ve years. account” for property, plant and financial year, for failing to meet retained by the ITB. reform or repeal of the Trust, spark- The committee heard that, of the equipment valued at R24.4-billion accounting standards and account On Wednesday, ITB chairperson ing a fi ghtback by the monarch and R20-million allocated for traditional and did not recognise expenditure of for assets valued at R24-billion. Jerome Ngwenya appeared before the ITB. council training and other initiatives R320-million relating to municipal The ITB has also been ordered by the committee to answer questions Its programme to convert resi- for the current fi nancial year, only property rates. This resulted in an Parliament’s land reform portfolio about the entity’s annual report. dential permission-to-occupy cer- R700 000 had been utilised. understatement in expenditure and committee to provide a breakdown The ITB, set up in 1994, admin- tificates into leases is currently In his report, which forms part an inaccurate depiction of the Trust’s of all funds it has paid over to com- isters 2.8-million hectares of rural the subject of a high court chal- of the ITB annual report, auditor fi nancial position. munities living on land under its KwaZulu-Natal on behalf of King lenge by tenants and civil society general Kimi Makwetu found that Irregular expenditure of R1.9- million, which had not been disclosed, was sub- sequently condoned by ITB management “with- out any investigation or proper approval”. Makwetu said that the ITB had failed to correct errors in the consolidated financial statements or provide supporting records, resulting in the adverse opinion, the sec- ond in successive finan- cial years. Other irregularities included: • Goods and services under R500 000 were procured without the quotations required by treasury regulations; • Work was given to service providers who were not tax compliant; •Contracts were extended and modified irregularly; and • Tenders were filled without being advertised properly and given to contractors who had not provided declarations that they did not work for the state. In his response to the auditor general, Ngwenya said that the ITB was not governed by the PFMA, but rather by the fi nancial regulations contained within the Ingonyama Trust Act, by which it had abided. Ngwenya said the auditor general had “conflated” the finan- cial statements of the ITB and the Ingonyama Trust, as the two were separate entities, for the second successive fi nan- cial year. Ngwenya said the Trust was not a listed public entity and did not receive Governance and Accountability 15 credits funding from the state. “The Ingonyama Trust Policy Making and Analysis 15 credits is neither a constitutional Public and Development Economics 15 credits institute nor a govern- ment department … Strategy and Innovation 15 credits [and] is only associated Public Finance 15 credits with the state by virtue Human Resources 15 credits of being created by stat- ute, nothing more and Applied Research Project 30 credits nothing less. As a result it is bound to be adminis- tered in accordance with the founding legislation.” Ngwenya said the finding by the auditor general about rates was “erroneous” and caused by unlawful claims by municipalities. Irregular expendi- ture would, he said, be “closely monitored” and “will be at minimal in future years”. Mail & Guardian October 11 to 17 2019 13 News ‘Lobbyists stall arts’ new dawn’ Activists believe the president is under pressure from corporates not to sign two Bills that would benefit artists

Kwanele Sosibo groups such as the Visual Arts Network of South Africa obby groups who benefit from the The two Bills are interrelated in the sense status quo in the entertainment and that the Performer Bill would enable artists to In print: Vatiswa Ndara appealed to the arts minister. Photo: Frennie Shivambu/Gallo Images performing arts industries could be be able to claim royalties for the use of their Lthe reason the Performers Protection work — rights that musicians have legally president could just show leadership on this body was competing for work. Everyone is clear Amendment Bill and the Copyright enjoyed for decades — and the Copyright Bill long overdue matter”. on the issues but production houses have got Amendment Bill have not been signed into makes provisions for the formation of tribu- But the discussion has also called into ques- away with murder because actors are treated law, says actors’ rights group the South Afri- nals that would have oversight over collecting tion why actors continue to bear the brunt of as freelancers and therefore the health and can Guild of Actors. societies. dissatisfactory contracts in the entertainment safety regulations that apply under the Labour Adrian Galley, the vice-chairperson and Earlier this week, South African actress industry. Arts consultant Gita Pather said Relations Act, for example, do not cover them.” media liaison for the organisation, said there Vatiswa Ndara wrote a six-page open let- the arts ministry had to shoulder some of the The SA Guild of Actors, for example, had limi- was legal provision for the president to “apply ter to the minister of arts and culture, Nathi blame because it has itself been corrosive when tations in how far it can advance actors’ causes his mind” with regard to enacting the Bills. Mthethwa, detailing the lopsided power it came to disbursing funds in the industry. because it merely function as a guild, she said. International companies, which would have dynamics and the resultant poverty actors “The ministry handpicked people and funded Tony Kgoroge, who headed the CCIFSA, said to pay up should South African actors be able work and live under. The letter singled out them when that money could have gone to cre- it served no purpose for actors to write open to earn royalties from repeated use of their Ferguson Films, the production company that ating an enabling environment for a strong letters to the minister because they still needed work, were in alliance with organisations that produced Igazi, which plays on MultiChoice union to operate,” she said in reference to the to figure out how to take the matter further. He had to account for the collection of artist roy- channel Mzansi Magic. Creative & Cultural Industries Federation of said although the CCIFSA had accounted for alties, but these connections remained largely The letter, which Mthethwa said he had South Africa (CCIFSA), a group set up with the its finances, egos and the allure of stardom fed opaque, Galley said. received on Twitter, triggered an avalanche assistance of the department of arts and cul- into the individual outlook with which actors The Coalition for Effective Copyright, for of commentary and discussion from the pub- ture to be a controlling body in the sector. conducted their careers, especially in places example — which has argued against “fair use” lic and the performance industries. It reig- The CCIFSA has failed to account for millions like Johannesburg. He said the CCIFSA was in the Copyright Amendment Bill, because it nited the controversy that the presentations to in taxpayers’ money and struggled to shake off still influential outside of big cities as a voice to does not provide statutory protection for con- Parliament by actor Flo Masebe set into motion. perceptions that it was a proxy to ruling party. help performers organise. tent creators — is a vast lobby group involv- In an open letter published in the Sowetan on Pather said: “The arts are like politics in the Neither the presidency nor the arts ministry ing players as big as the David Gresham Thursday, Masebe said actors would not need sense that divisiveness has been used effectively had responded to requests for comment at the Entertainment Group and artist network to write open letters to the arts minister “if the against actors in this industry, because every- time of publication. WHO SAYS 200 MORE THAN BLACK SHOWROOM DEMOS & PRE-OWNED FRIDAY VEHICLES HAS TO BE IN NOVEMBER! MUST GO IN THIS WEEKEND’S 11-13 OCTOBER OCTOBERFEST!

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KIA Motors Fourways | Cnr. Cedar & Uranium Road, Fourways | 011 540 2000 | 010 596 3000 14 Mail & Guardian October 11 to 17 2019 News ‘Forgotten Five’ in need of rescue From pangolins to pythons, species are being threatened by poachers for lucrative markets. A Namibian tells of her bid to make a difference Loss: African wild dogs are the most threatened carnivore, largely Eyaaz Matwadia and the spotted rubber frog. because of human activities. In 2000, when Diekmann started Pangolin are killed for their scales hino poaching is decreas- researching and rescuing the species, and meat. The Tikki Hywood Trust ing. The environmental it was thought that there were only in Zimbabwe runs a rehabilitation affairs department says 12 Cape vultures left in Namibia. and release programme. Photos: Rthat 259 fewer rhinos Poisoning by farmers was one of the Photo: Michel Bureau/Biosphoto & were poached last year causes of their decline. Diekmann’s Adrian Steirn/Barcroft Images than in 2017 — the lowest number organisation worked with them to since 2012. In Asia, 183 fewer rhinos identify the correct predators and for traditional medicine. were poached last year. to stop using poison. The popula- The fi fth species on Diekmann’s list But the numbers are still damning tion was slowly built up. But, in 2013, is the spotted rubber frog, which is — 892 rhinos were poached in South when the last count was done, there found in northeastern Namibia and Africa in 2018. were eight vultures, of which only eastern Angola, western Zambia, The main threat to species is habi- two are females. This time the cause and southern Democratic Republic tat loss because of human encroach- was poisoning by rhino and elephant of Congo. But not much research has ment and activities. poachers, who removed the horn and cies of pangolin found in Africa are don’t bring me pangolin.’ been conducted on it — that’s how The Big Five — elephants, lions, tusks and then baited the carcasses to vulnerable, because of traffi cking. “So it’s a way of keeping tradition easily a species is forgotten. leopards, rhino and Cape Buff alo — kill vultures for the traditional medi- The institute found that one of the and not breaking it down, but sort of Her “plus one” species is the are in trouble. Buff alo seem to be of cine trade. markets for pangolin is Zimbabwe, readjusting it so that everyone may African wild dog, the population of least concern. Although the numbers Diekmann’s other fl agship species, where it is given to people in power live in harmony.” which dips each day. Information are nowhere near those of rhino, ele- the pangolin, is the world’s most traf- to curry favour. In parts of East She added: “[The pangolin] has from the Hoedspruit Endangered phants are poached for ivory. There fi cked animal, according to the inter- Africa, the pangolin is burned in fi res survived every thing. It has been Species Centre shows that it has been are only about 2 000 lions in South national Wildlife Trade Monitoring to keep lions away. around longer than humans. It has eliminated from 25 of the 39 coun- Africa and the leopard population Network. This scaled mammal is Diekmann said that in Namibia, survived ecological disasters and tries it was found in. The centre says has decreased by two-thirds in the being taken out of the wild at a rate the Herero have the same beliefs everything that has come up — until humans are responsible for 50% of last decade. This is despite the big of one every fi ve minutes. and traditions as some people in about fi ve years ago.” recorded adult mortality of the wild five getting funding, attention and In the East their meat is a delicacy Zimbabwe, but her organisation and Although pangolins are now dog. There are only about 520 left in interventions. and their scales are used for tradi- others have a solution to prevent the Diekmann’s main subject of focus, South Africa Conservationists are worried about tional medicine. Advocacy group animal being killed. the three remaining candidates of The future of the Forgotten Five all the other animals that are endan- Annamiticus said in 2013 that 10 000 “We have the chiefs come out to the Forgotten Five are on the cusp of and other species does not look gered, aren’t on our bank notes and pangolins were being traffi cked each see the pangolins [at Rest]. If the ani- becoming endangered. healthy. The world is going through don’t get as much attention. These year, while 18 670 tonnes of pangolin mals are open to it, we then let them The Damara dik-dik, which occurs its sixth mass extinction, in large part species, despite being close to extinc- scales were traffi cked in 2016. hold the pangolin and take a picture in central and northwestern Namibia because of human expansion into tion, are not the focus of research. Diekmann has dedicated the with it. That picture actually holds and southwestern Angola, is rare. species’ habitats. The “Forgotten Five” is a term past few years to understand- more power in their belief than the The tiny buck has some unusual fea- Despite this, Diekmann said she coined by Maria Diekmann, the ing and saving this animal. meat. They then go back to their tures — it is monogamous and uses hasn’t lost hope. “You have to be pos- founder of Namibia’s Rare & “How to rehabilitate communities then and say: its tears to mark its territories. itive when a lot of things come to you Endangered Species Trust (Rest), to them is very difficult ‘This picture is protecting Number four of the forgotten is negatively. And you have to be real- bring attention to some of the “for- and that’s why there our community, so Anchieta’s dwarf python, which is istic, but you have to also have faith gotten” species. “You focus so much are only three of us only found from southern Angola to in that what you are doing makes a on one species that you tend to forget in the whole world just below Windhoek. It is of “least diff erence.” there’s just an amazing amount of who managed with concern” on the IUCN Red List of other species out there.” Cape [Temminck’s] threatened species. Eyaaz Matwadia interviewed Maria Her Forgotten Five (plus one) pangolins.” But researchers say it could be in Diekmann at the World Youth Wild- are the Cape griffon vulture, The South African the same position that the pangolin life Summit. USAID’s VukaNow, Temminck’s pangolin, the Damara National Biodiversity Threatened: Cape was five years ago: on the verge of which focuses on combating wildlife dik-dik, Anchieta’s dwarf python Institute said all four spe- griffon vulture mass poaching. The python is used crime, paid for his trip

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Brought to you by and Mail & Guardian October 11 to 17 2019 15 News Migration system is ‘xenophobic’

Despite the home said to be xenophobic when we’ve closure of refugee reception centres, got more Basotho than Lesotho to be replaced by what’s called the affairs minister stating itself? We’ve got more Batswana border management agency. It’s otherwise, Africans than Botswana itself. We’ve got moving towards the encampment the biggest percentage of Indians of people until their asylum statuses who have fled to SA outside of India. There is no other are verified.” from horrific conflict country that has as many people Responding to a question in who come from India than in South Parliament in July, Motsoaledi are still living in fear Africa,” he said. said that the number of active asy- Motsoaledi failed to respond lum seekers in South Africa as of Jacques Coetzee to questions sent to his office on December last year was nearly Tuesday. 185 000. He added that more than astin Kashita is a car 50 000 were from Ethiopia, nearly guard in Johannesburg. bigail Dawson, who 35 000 were from the DRC and just He wants to move back to works in the advo- over 27 000 came from Bangladesh. Bhis home country — the Acacy division at the According to the United Nations, Democratic Republic of Consortium for Refugees the violent clashes between the Congo (DRC) — but it isn’t safe, he and Migrants in South Africa, says Batwa and Bantu ethnic groups in says. He moved to the City of Gold six the migration system is xenophobic. the DRC began in 2013 and esca- years ago because of what has been “[There’s] a continued denialism lated in 2017, when more than termed “the silent crisis of inter-eth- and move towards normalisation of 650 000 people were forced to flee. nic conflict” in his home country. Xeno-denial: Home Affairs Minister Aaron Motsoaledi wants to review xenophobic langauge and practice Kashita was one of them and he “There was a lot of fighting with refugee regulations. Photo: Alon Skuy/Sunday Times/Gallo Images by political leaders and legitimising obtained legal refugee status. the army in the DRC,” he says, mix- a more generalised xenophobic dis- Despite his legal status, he is sav- ing his French and English. “It’s Motsoaledi, was questioning the sta- he thinks the legalities concerning course,” she says. ing up $300 to support his family very, very bad. At the time there tus of many asylum seekers, such as refugees in South Africa should be “One can see a trend towards back home. Eventually, he wants to was a problem. I had to leave my Kashita, who have fled from conflict revisited. He added that even people deportation [of foreign migrants] move back. four kids in the DRC. My wife came areas across Africa. who claim asylum in South Africa as a form of management,” she says. “If I find enough money, I will go with me.” “There must be war in the country. for alleged sexual orientation perse- “It’s part of a cyclical issue where it’s back. But I can’t go now. There is no Even though Kashita has not Tell me, where is war on this conti- cution in their home countries can’t very difficult to get [legal] status, money. If there is peace I will go.” been personally attacked for being nent or in Pakistan and Bangladesh? provide proof. which you’ve almost institutionally a migrant, he is constantly worried Tell me, where is this war? Even in On the “issue of gender” he said: made illegal in this country because Jacques Coetzee is an Adamela data about his safety. the DRC, war is in one region.” “I know all over Africa leaders talk of the huge backlog and failures at fellow at the Mail & Guardian, a In September — at the height of His comments came during a very carelessly about that. But there the department of home affairs with position funded by the Indigo Trust. the xenophobic attacks, when he hid briefing to the home affairs port- are very few areas where there are documented people. See “No African is a foreigner in in his house fearing for his life — the folio committee on September 17. actual persecutions. “The White Paper on Inter- Africa — except down in South minister of home affairs, Dr Aaron There, Motsoaledi made it clear that “How can we [South Africa] be national Migration is calling for the Africa”, Pages 30 and 31 16 Mail & Guardian October 11 to 17 2019 Climate crisis Precarious doomsday solution for

Rapid climate change, among other threats, is threatening the country’s indigenous plants, but its seed bank is a single borrowed shelf in a freezer

Farah Hancock

t the strand line, the point on a beach just above where waves Aleave behind bits of driftwood, seaweed and dead jellyfish, lives a plant. It’s not much to look at. Small, green and spreading, its most mem- Bartlett’s rata trees growing in the orable feature is its appearance of wild and the tree is at severe risk being dusted with sugar crystals. from browsers and myrtle rust. In Once Holloway’s crystalwort was 2017 it was decided a back-up popu- found from Northland to Wellington. lation would be grown in Dunedin, Now it’s only found on one beach. No where it’s hoped a colder climate will one knows quite why it’s disappear- protect the trees. ing. Climate change is adding a new “The idea was myrtle rust won’t worry. One extreme weather event come here. Well, if we have a slight could wipe it from its last home. shift in temperature, it will,” says De Unitec Institute of Technology Lange. associate professor Peter de Lange He regards climate change as a risk said the remaining population is layered on top of multiple existing extremely vulnerable. The last time risks faced by New Zealand’s plants. he saw it, only 50 plants were left. “This is where seed banking comes Stranded: Holloway’s crystalwort was a common sight on beaches on New Zealand’s North Island, but is now “If we get a very slight sea level rise, in. The world view is that we’re in, found on only one beach — and the remaining population is extremely vulnerable. Photo: iNaturalist CCO or if we get an increase of storms, they call it the Anthropocene, the big- which we are seeing at the moment gest extinction since the Mesozoic, The department of conservation the doomsday Svalbard Global Seed A decision was made to collect and in summer, it could go extinct in the and this is entirely human induced. I has recovery plans for 12 of the 1 400 Vault in the Arctic Circle permafrost, store all seeds from New Zealand’s blink of an eye.” don’t think anyone is going to argue plant species at risk of extinction. London’s Kew Garden with its solar- Myrtaceae species. Industry fund- There’s a lifeline though. Seeds about that,” says De Lange. “There’s The other strategy is attempting to powered, flood, bomb and radiation ing was received as well as funding from the crystalwort are tucked away been a huge focus in this country on save them in a different place, such as proof Millennium Seed Bank, or even from the department of conservation, in a seed bank freezer. It’s more than animals, and plants have been sort of translocating them to an island with- Australian seed banks. which led the project. can be said for most of New Zealand’s like, ‘Well, someone will do them’.” out introduced species like possum, The New Zealand Indigenous The effort has seen some seeds threatened or at risk plant species. New Zealand’s extinction plant deer, goats and rabbits. Flora Seed Bank might sound grand from 30 of the 37 native Myrtaceae Only 200 of the country’s 2 600 spe- insurance plan relies on goodwill and If there are no suitable different but it’s a borrowed shelf in a freezer species collected and banked. cies are banked. sporadic hand-to-mouth injections of places to grow plants, there is a last in AgResearch’s Margot Forde Although the funding is welcome, There’s a worry in a race between cash. So little work has been done that gasp option. Plants produce seeds Germplasm Centre, an agricultural it’s not secure, ongoing cash that securing on-going funding for a seed there’s not even certainty over which — time capsules — which can wait seed bank in Palmerston North. would allow the seed bank to col- bank and climate change, already plants can be seed banked easily and many years to germinate. In the right, The seed bank receives no ongoing lect and store more threatened plant threatened plant species might lose. which will require cryopreservation, chilled conditions, some seeds can government funding. It is not a legal species. With 80% of New Zealand’s native a process that uses liquid nitrogen to last for decades or longer. It’s plausi- entity. Instead, it is a memorandum “We’re facing myrtle rust at the plants found nowhere else in the prevent the destruction of cells. ble that species can hover in stasis in of understanding between Massey moment, but we don’t know in the world, once gone, they’ll be lost seed banks until safe homes could be University, the department of con- future what species will be under forever. Banking on seeds found, or snow returns to mountain servation, AgResearch, Landcare threat in the future from climate Some are losing their habitat to When it comes to plant conservation slopes. Research and the New Zealand Plant change, disease, incursions or other houses or farms. Others end up in the there are two strategies. One is saving New Zealand does have an indige- Conservation Network. natural events,” McGill says. stomachs of introduced mammals plants where they occur naturally. nous seed bank, but it’s a far cry from This is where the 200 native plant Waiting until a disease is present or are pushed out of their niches by species are banked. complicates collecting. Seeds must be invasive weeds. When it was started in 2013 by free of any trace of disease, and col- Climate change is adding a new passionate conservationists there lecting efforts need to take extra care wrinkle to an already dire situation was optimism that on-going sup- not to spread disease. for threatened species. It’s predicted port would materialise, but so far the When asked what would happen if a temperature rise of 3°C could wipe “build it and the funding will come” funds run out, McGill pauses before out up to half of New Zealand’s indig- approach hasn’t borne fruit. saying: “The banking would stall, enous species by 2100. Although conservationists agree basically.” For alpine species, which represent it was formed with the best of inten- He thinks the banked seeds would one third of New Zealand plants, the tions, some say a shelf without proper probably remain in AgResearch’s situation is particularly pressing. funding isn’t a secure national seed deep-freeze storage, but collecting Once alpine habitat is lost there’s bank. would cease and the dial would stick nowhere for them to go. Forming it before proper funding at 200 banked species. De Lange helped write a book on was secured may have perversely Complicating matters is that New Zealand’s threatened plant created a false sense of security that some seed species are too wet to species. It’s a depressingly thick native seed banking is under control. be stored in the seed bank. Drying 471 pages, weighing nearly 2kg. Massey University’s Craig McGill is them destroys them and attempting Published in 2010, it’s already out of the seed bank’s project lead. to freeze them wet would cause the date. An updated version would prob- He estimates there are about water inside to expand, exploding the ably weigh more. Our future: The Svalbard Global Seed Vault deep inside a mountain 3 000 described and undescribed cells. Cryopreservation is one option Often what wipes a species out, on an island in the Norwegian archipelago is a seed bank that stores native species. Seed banking gener- for these seeds, but not something he says, is something unexpected. duplicates of about one million crop seeds collected around the world. ally requires 10 000 seeds per spe- the cash-strapped indigenous seed “When the pressure is relentless, Photos: Martin Lyngstad/Aftenposten & Heiko Junge/Reuters/NTB Scanpix cies. These should be from a range bank is likely to get. It’s estimated then the populations get fragmented. of plants and locations to ensure that about 20% of indigenous trees When they get fragmented other enough genetic variability to re- could fall into this category. things might happen … the last gasp establish a healthy population. might be an unexpected cold spell, McGill says the seed bank initially Is this normal? an unexpected warm spell, a sud- received funds from MWH, a private Bec Stanley is the curator of den storm, or fire, or volcanic activ- company. Massey University put Auckland’s botanic gardens. ity. That’s where global warming is a some funds towards it and the New She has had an empty freezer wait- risk.” Zealand Lotteries Grant Board con- ing for seeds since 2013. Like other Although it’s hard to say defini- tributed three years of funding. regional botanic gardens, Auckland tively what the exact effects of climate As the lotteries funds were run- volunteered to hold duplicate seed change on plants will be, it’s expected ning out in 2017, myrtle rust arrived collections held by the indigenous sea water washing inland during in New Zealand. It brought with it a bank. If a disaster destroys one loca- storm surges, coastal erosion, pro- welcome cash injection for the seed tion, then all is not lost. So far the longed breeding seasons for rabbits, bank and shifted efforts. Banking garden’s help hasn’t been called on. droughts, fire and conditions that Myrtaceae (myrtle species) is now the Stanley said there is no duplicate favour weeds over natives are likely. primary focus of the bank. storage being done, although it’s a Diseases such as myrtle rust, which “Myrtle rust really elevated seed topic being discussed. thrive in warm, wet conditions, are banking in terms of its profile within From what’s she’s seen, many another threat. There are only 13 New Zealand,” says McGill. developed countries have govern- Mail & Guardian October 11 to 17 2019 17 News New Zealand’s native plants

company, is a member of the Maori biosecurity network. He thinks a two- tiered approach could work and lend itself to a Maori perspective. “Having a national framework is really good, but also recognising their will be local and regional needs,” he says. One tier might be seeds of national significance are stored centrally in a national seed bank, while other, locally important seeds are kept in the region they come from. “Maori have our own ways of col- lecting and harvesting seed and selecting which trees would be the seed mother — the various plants selected for various properties to be planted again,” Waipara says. People trained by Kew in seed banking integrated traditional knowledge of plants with contempo- rary conservation techniques. De Lange worries about relying on seed banks scattered around the country. His view is seed banks should be a repository of seeds for all the citizens of New Zealand and should be a stan- dalone unit whose funding doesn’t change with three-yearly election cycles. “It should be funded by the taxpayer, but independent of political whim and business pressures.” But, beyond a seed bank he thinks a greater focus should be given to plant conservation in general before cli- mate change adds more pressure to plants already under pressure. Unbanked: About 1 400 of 2 600 plants indigenous to New Zealand are threatened, and 200 are in a vulnerable seed storage facility. Photo: Esaias Tan “If we keep on killing plants at the rate we are doing, we’re basically ment funded seed banks with long- tion, but it’s not clear this is likely. Putting the question to scientists of could be adopted in New Zealand. shutting ourselves in a sealed tank term funding. In Australia there The ministry for business innova- what is an ideal solution gets a range “I think if we had a goal and a date and breathing all the oxygen. This is a are state-funded seed banks in each tion and employment funds a num- of responses. and say ‘let’s get 20% of our plants very serious issue and in many ways a state as well as a nationally funded ber of what it calls “nationally signifi- Bio-Protection Research Centre’s done by this date and 50% by this damn sight more serious issue facing seed bank. The New South Wales cant collections and databases” to the Sarah Wyse recently returned to date’, or whatever is feasible — and the country than a lot of the environ- seed bank at Mount Annan is a state- tune of $19-million a year. The crite- New Zealand after working at Kew funding associated with the project — mental things people are getting con- of-the-art building that Auckland’s ria is being critical to New Zealand Garden’s Millennium Seed Bank that would be fabulous. That would cerned about.” botanic garden staff describe as science and deliver public benefit where she was researching how to really get things going.” being a “Disneyland” for plant and that the benefits accrue to many bank tricky seeds. She stresses the New Zealand’s seed bank is a part- This story originally appeared in conservationists. users and third parties. importance of long-term funding ner to Kew. Support comes in the Newsroom, a New Zealand online Others aren’t so swish. Australia’s The Margot Forde Germplasm rather than one-off projects. way of scientific and technical advice, publication. It is republished here national seed bank is one of the less Centre, where agricultural grasses “You need to be thinking long not funding. Although most partner as part of the Mail & Guardian’s swish solutions. Seeds are processed are stored, is funded, but the indig- term, you need to be looking after countries send a back-up duplicate partnership with Covering Climate in portable buildings and stored in enous seed bank, which piggybacks a these species for decades. What hap- set of seeds to Kew for storage, New Now, a global collaboration of more chilled shipping containers. shelf in the facility is not. pens in three years when the funding Zealand does the reverse. than 300 news outlets to strengthen Stanley thinks a good solution The indigenous seed bank is also runs out? ‘We’ll just turn the freezers When the agreement was signed it coverage of the climate story. doesn’t have to be hugely expensive, not mentioned in the update docu- off, sorry guys.’ We need long-term was thought storing taonga species South Africa’s National Biodiversity but does require the security of ongo- ment of a lengthy review being investment in these things.” (native flora and fauna of special sig- Institute collects indigenous plant ing funds. “[Australia’s] got quite conducted by the ministry on New Part of the success of Kew nificance to Maori) offshore was not a seeds and duplicate collections are pokey, cramped, humble conditions, Zealand’s various collections and Garden’s seed bank, which aims to palatable solution. kept at the National Plant Genetic but they’re doing amazing work.” database, although McGill says he conserve 25% of the world’s species Some think closer consultation Resources Centre in Roodeplaat, did submit information to it. The with priority given to plants at risk with Maori about seed banking is near Pretoria. The institute has, for What’s an ideal solution? review’s purpose is to ensure there from land use and climate change, needed. the past 15 years, also shared seeds A purpose-built facility and long-term is an enduring funding model for is the continual setting of targets Nick Waipara, of Plant & Food with Kew Gardens’ Millennium funding is considered the ideal solu- important collections. of species saved. Wyse thinks this Research, a government-owned Seed Bank Partnership 18 Mail & Guardian October 11 to 17 2019 Africa After 45 years, Africa has a new

It’s taken decades to knock Jo’burg’s Carlton make it economically viable to build vertically rather than horizontally. Centre off its perch. Why did it take so long? (This point should make intui- tive sense to anyone familiar with Simon Allison fined the opulent sophistication of Johannesburg’s sprawling housing modern African luxury lifestyle liv- estates). t first, Bart Dorrest- ing”, according to a breathless press They argue that building skyscrap- ein did not intend to release. ers in Africa is less about econom- build the tallest build- Dorrestein will not divulge the ics and more about presentation Aing in Africa. Initial cost of the penthouse suite, nor the — a “monumental and symbolic plans for the Leon- identity of the prospective owner, strategy” to convey “an image of ardo, in Johannesburg’s upmarket except to confi rm that the person is power and modernity”. This makes Sandton district, envisaged just 33 an African. A one-bedroom residen- the Leonardo — and previously the storeys of high-end shops, offices tial unit is going for a minimum of Carlton Centre — the most powerful and apartments. When those started R3.5-million. Of the 240 residential and modern symbol of them all. selling well, the developers — Legacy units available, 228 have already been Amira Osman, a professor of archi- Holdings, of which he is the chief sold. With in-house restaurants, bars, tecture at the Tshwane University of executive, and Nedbank — added a shops, a swimming pool, a gym and Technology, agrees. “Skyscrapers are few more floors to the design. Then a preprimary school, the complex always a demonstration of wealth someone suggested incorporating an is designed to meet its wealthy resi- and power and dominance,” she said. eight-storey luxury hotel, and sud- dents’ every need. “You never have to And, in the case of the Leonardo, denly the building was 234m tall. leave the building,” said Dorrestein. the image being projected is one of That is 11m taller than the Carlton luxury and exclusivity, hermetically Centre in central Johannesburg, The horizontal continent sealed — by design — against the rest which for 45 years had gone unchal- There are remarkably few sky- of the city and the country in which lenged as the “Top of Africa”. That scrapers on the African continent. it resides. slogan is plastered on signs in and According to research by Kheir al- “It is Sandton doing what Sandton around the Carlton Centre, but it is Kodmany at the University of Illinois, always does,” Osman added. “It is going to have to change. This year, in Africa there are just 182 tall build- a vertical gated community that after four years of construction, ings (defi ned as buildings of 200m or imitates public space. But it is not costing an estimated R3-billion, the more). In North America, that fi gure a space for mixed income users or Leonardo was offi cially certifi ed by stands at 5 577; even Australasia, with diverse, income-generating opportu- the Council on Tall Buildings and its comparatively tiny population, nities. I don’t see the pavement sell- Urban Habitat as Africa’s tallest boasts 938 tall buildings. ers or small shop owners being able building. Even this is not very tall by It was not always this way. For to operate there.” international standards: the world’s millennia, the tallest building in tallest building, the Burj Khalifa in the world was in Africa: the Great The view from the top Dubai, is 830m high. Pyramid of Giza, built in the third For 45 years, the Carlton Centre was Dorrestein gave the Mail & century BCE and not surpassed until a monument in concrete — so much Guardian a tour, prior to the offi cial the Lincoln Cathedral was completed Decline: The Carlton Centre, which has dominated Johannesburg’s concrete — to the hubris of the apart- opening that is tentatively planned in 1300. Since then, however, Africa skyline for decades, has been neglected. Photos: Delwyn Verasamy heid regime under whose auspices it for early November. The R3-billion has languished far behind in the sky- was constructed. “Now at last it was building is located in Sandton, which scraper stakes. to fi nd a farmer tending to his plot of tinent than others. The fi rst is that possible to build in Johannesburg on likes to call itself — not inaccurately That’s because African cities tend maize ... [African cities] are exempli- land ownership is often disputed, the scale appropriate to a metropo- — the “richest square mile in Africa”. to expand outwards rather than fi ed by low-rise buildings and great and nobody can risk making large lis,” wrote Wilfred Mallows, a town And it is undeniably impressive, upwards. As Astrid Haas, a cities urban sprawl. Vacant land at the investments on land that may later planner who worked on the plans for aimed squarely at Africa’s superrich: researcher with the International centre of the city is not being put to be taken away from them. Another is the Carlton Centre. “There for all to from the marble-clad lobby, deco- Growth Centre, an economic research its most productive use. In Harare, that big buildings require big fi nanc- see, Johannesburg had fi nally broken rated with custom artwork, to the unite based at the London School of Zimbabwe, or Maputo, Mozambique, ing, and that fi nancing is hard to fi nd. the constraints of the diggers’ camp ultra-luxurious three-storey pent- Economics, observed in a report for for example, more than 30% of the In a 2017 journal article in and achieved the a new image: the house on the top fl oors — complete CityLab: “At the centre of a major land within [5km] of the central busi- Géocarrefour, researchers Valerio image of a city of a million people.” with professional kitchen, infinity African capital city like Kampala — ness district remains unbuilt.” Bini and Cristina d’Alessandro iden- But, like the central business dis- pool and 1 100m2. The penthouse, where you would fi nd skyscrapers in Haas identifies two reasons sky- tify a third reason: that, in general, trict that surrounds it, the Carlton called the Leonardo Suite, “has rede- New York City — it is not uncommon scrapers are less popular on this con- land in Africa is still too cheap to has fallen on hard times. Once

1 Africa’s 10 tallest buildings, for now 2 Five of the tallest buildings are in South Africa 3 Year of building’s completion and height in metres 4 5 6 7 8

The Leonardo (2019) Carlton Centre (1973) Britam Tower (2017) Ponte City (1975) UAP Old Mutual Necom House (1979) Ports Authority Public Service Pensions Sandton, Johannesburg Johannesburg Nairobi, Kenya Johannesburg Tower (2016) Lagos, Nigeria Headquarters (2016) Fund Towers A and B (2014) 234m 222.5m 200.1m 185m Nairobi, Kenya 160.3m Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 163m 157m 152.7m Mail & Guardian October 11 to 17 2019 19 tallest building

decline is a wasted opportunity. “The Carlton could have been used to reha- bilitate the inner city. Now you have the Leonardo, which is just for the wealthy. That dichotomy is really dangerous.” On the other side of town, Dorrestein stands on the 55th fl oor of the Leonardo. The views are spectac- ular. On a good day, you can see the Voortrekker Monument in Pretoria, but on this particular afternoon he is looking south, towards the Carlton Centre, and he is wary of falling into the same traps. “When the Carlton Centre was built, it was designed by an American fi rm of architects, Skidmore Owings [& Merrill], very famous. But the com- pany created a building and you will fi nd something like the Carlton Centre of that era and in that style elsewhere in the world. Here we’ve got a bunch of South African archi- tects, predominantly women, and they put together something. The brief was to create something that’s timeless, that is of today, but is great in years to come. But if you take , if you take the Michelangelo Hotel [both owned by Legacy Holdings], those are time- less buildings, they will be around forever.” He acknowledges that the Leonardo’s occupants will be only the elite, but argues that the build- ing’s economic eff ect is considerably broader. For one thing, the build- Hermetic: The Leonardo in Sandton is South Africa’s new symbol of ing has created 2 000 direct jobs and Towering: The Leornado looms over the suburb of Sandton, itself an ‘opulence’ and ‘confidence’. Photos: Delwyn Verasamy up to 20 000 indirect employment elite centre of wealth. Photos: Delwyn Verasamy opportunities through the vast net- intended as a beacon of opulence, the a decade. A small but steady stream work of contractors required to com- It is unlikely to be another 45 years about who owns the land on which building has now been mostly aban- of tourists — a few dozen each day, plete it. Perhaps even more impor- before the Leonardo is overtaken as the tower is being built. doned by its owner, Transnet, which according to a security guard — still tantly, however, is the enormous vote Africa’s tallest building. The most For now, however, the Leonardo has yet to begin a promised mainte- pay the R30 entrance fee to see the of confi dence that the building rep- likely contender is already under con- is the undisputed Top of Africa — nance programme to modernise age- views from Africa’s tallest build- resents in South Africa’s economy — struction in Nairobi: when complete, and someone really needs ing piping and lifts. ing. But for how much longer? On and its future. the Pinnacle could be up to 320m tall. to update those signs in The viewing deck on the 50th fl oor one recent weekday morning, a tour “We are here to stay. I’m a South But this project is facing consider- the Carlton is still open, but it too has seen better guide pointed out the silhouette of African, an African — I don’t want able diffi culties. In February, the high Centre. days. The walls are covered in graf- the Leonardo to two French tourists, to go and start somewhere else. Just court in Nairobi issued arrest war- fi ti, the café is permanently closed, and told them: “As soon as they open look at the urban spaces that have rants for the two Dubai-based real and the information displays look that one, this one is fi nished.” happened, it’s fabulous. This is an estate speculators who are backing as if they have not been updated for For Osman, the Carlton Centre’s aspiration.” it, in connection with a dispute

Kenya will soon take the top ranking Proposed project Three new contenders for the list of tallest African buildings are currently under for coastal resort construction in Nairobi and will be completed in 2020 and 2023. A fourth new is opposed by building of 370m was proposed in 2018 but is not yet under construction environmentalists Tall structuresststructureuctureses aree not n t

9 10 newtoAnewne to Africafrica The world’s tallest ancient structure

Marble Towers (1973) Pearl Dawn (2010) Pyramid of Giza (2 560 BCE), Cairo, Egypt Global Trade Centre Pinnacle Tower II (2023) Pinnacle Tower (2023) Palm Exotjca Johannesburg Umhlanga, Durban (ancient height below has since been cut down to 138.8m) Office Tower (2020) Nairobi, Kenya Nairobi, Kenya Watamu, Kenya 152.1m 152m 146.5m Nairobi, Kenya 201m 320m 370m 184m Graphic: JOHN McCANN Data source: COUNCIL ON TALL BUILDINGS AND URBAN HABITAT 20 Mail & Guardian October 11 to 17 2019 Africa Mozambique braces for high stakes poll

High levels of violence are expected in the comings, with his poor handling of Another prominent challenger cle crashed while they were making the debt scandal coming in for spe- is Daviz Simango, the mayor of their getaway, killing three of the run-up to the October 15 general elections cial criticism. Beira and head of the Democratic occupants. Chief among those opponents Movement of Mozambique, who “The apparent involvement of NEWS ANALYSIS Nyusi and his party, Frelimo, is Ossufo Momade, who took over has been campaigning energetically, police in killing an election observer Simon Allison face a tough fight for re-election. as head of Renamo after Afonso especially in central areas. He has is a chilling development that casts a Machado said: “For the first time Dhlakama died last year. But faced intimidation from Frelimo sup- dark shadow over the Mozambican t seems the most dangerous in 40 years since independence, Momade does not enjoy Dhlakama’s porters throughout the campaign, elections,” said Human Rights political activity in Africa is Frelimo faces the real risk of losing.” name recognition or easy charisma, who have repeatedly prevented him Watch. attending the Mozambican Nyusi was handpicked as the suc- and has struggled to present a from holding rallies. This prompted Another shadow over the elec- Ipresident’s campaign rallies. cessor to former president Armando united front even in his own party. A a rare rebuke for Frelimo from tions is Mozambique’s enormous gas Last month, 10 people were Guebuza, but his appointment Renamo splinter group has refused Mozambique’s electoral commission. reserves, which are to come online killed and 98 seriously injured in a proved to be divisive with both party to recognise his leadership, or to It is difficult to predict who will during the next presidential term. stampede at a stadium in Nampula members and the public. He has not abide by the terms of the peace deal. win. This could transform the economy, after Filipe Nyusi delivered a speech. had an easy ride. Observers have raised strong con- and it is likely to make many people Days later, seven people died and 50 Since taking offi ce in 2014, he has 200km TANZANIA cerns that these elections will not very rich. The election will deter- were hurt when a truck fl ipped on had to deal with vicious internal be free and fair. The electoral com- mine who is in prime position to take the way back from a Nyusi rally in faction-fi ghting; the emergence of a mission has not yet accredited thou- advantage of the bonanza. Tete province. This month, a child dangerous insurgency in the north; MOZAMBO BIQUEB sands of civil society observers who For all Nyusi and Frelimo’s obvious was killed by a vehicle carrying peo- the re-emergence of conflict with intend to monitor the vote, while faults, however, the election is still ple en route to hear the president Renamo, the ruling party’s arch- civil society groups have raised con- theirs to lose. speak in Gaza province. rival, in the central areas; sluggish Graphic: JOHN McCANN cerns about some 300 000 “ghost Benedito Machava, a historian These deaths were not the result of economic growth; a scandal about ZIM. 2014 presidential voters” on the electoral roll. In Cabo writing for African Arguments, malicious intent. But another death $2-billion in hidden debt that made election candidates Delgado, the centre of the insur- a pan-African platform for news, — that of an election observer by global headlines; and two cyclones Beira by provinces won gency, many districts are unlikely to investigation and opinion, pre- police offi cers — was. earlier this year that killed more Filipe Nyusi, elected be able to vote. dicts: “Judging from the campaign, The general elections are on than a thousand people and dis- president (Frelimo) Earlier this week Anastancio Frelimo will be relieved to make October 15. Human Rights Watch’s placed hundreds of thousands more. Matavele, the director of the Forum it through another set of elections Zenaida Machado told journalists Nyusi can point to some successes, Afonso Dhlakama, of NGOs for Gaza who was leading a still in power, while the opposi- in Johannesburg last week: “These such as the historic peace deal with SA leader of opposition team of election observers, was shot tion may be content with winning but died in 2018. elections, we can safely say, they are Renamo concluded earlier this year. Maputo and killed by police officers in the a few provincial governorships and on track to be one of the most violent But political opponents have not had (Renamo) city of Xai-Xai. The identity of the increasing its representation in the country has ever had.” to work hard to highlight his short- killers is known because their vehi- Parliament.” CONTINENTAL DRIFT  Serving You – Serving the Nation First African smartphone to take military action to prevent Re Sebeletsa Uena – Re Sebeletsa Sechaba The fi rst smartphone to be completion of the dam. designed and manufactured in Africa was launched in Kigali this Harare hikes electricity price week. The Mara X and Mara Z Zimbabwe will more than triple TENDER NOTICE: “Consultancy Services For Fixed smartphones will run on Google’s the price of electricity in an eff ort Android operating system, and to keep up with rampant infl a- Assets Revaluation” will be sold for $190 and $130 tion in the country, according to respectively. The manufactur- the national energy regulator. LRA/BE/ 02/09/2019 ing plant, located in Kigali, cost Zimbabwe is already experiencing $24-million and can produce 1 200 crippling power shortages, with 7KH /HVRWKR 5HYHQXH $XWKRULW\ LQYLWHV LQWHUHVWHG DQG TXDOL¿HG ¿UPV FRPSDQLHV WR VXEPLW SURSRVDOV IRU smartphones a day. “This is the power cuts lasting up to 18 hours a fi rst smartphone manufacturer day. The move could spark further µ&RQVXOWDQF\6HUYLFHVIRU)L[HG$VVHWV5HYDOXDWLRQ¶7KHELGGHUVPXVWEHUHDG\WRGHOLYHUWKHZRUNXSRQWKH in Africa,” said Mara Group chief social unrest. In January, sudden DZDUGRIWKHWHQGHU$OOSRWHQWLDO%LGGHUVPXVWEHLQSRVVHVVLRQRIDSURYHQWUDFNUHFRUGDQGPXVWEHOLFHQVHG executive Ashish Thakkar. “We fuel hikes provoked nationwide IRUSURYLGLQJVHUYLFHVRIWKLVQDWXUH are actually the fi rst who are protests, which were brutally sup- doing manufacturing. We are pressed by the security forces. $OOELGGHUVPXVWDWWDFKFHUWL¿HGFRSLHVRIYDOLG7D[&OHDUDQFH&HUWL¿FDWHVDQG&RPSDQ\5HJLVWUDWLRQ/LFHQFHV making the motherboards, we are RUHTXLYDOHQWVELGVZLWKRXWWKHVHGRFXPHQWVVKDOOEHGLVTXDOL¿HG making the sub-boards. There are Abiy a Nobel favourite over 1,000 pieces per phone.” Abiy Ahmed has emerged as 7KHIXOO5HTXHVWIRUSURSRVDO 5)3LQGLFDWLQJDOOUHTXLUHPHQWVDQGVSHFL¿FDWLRQVPD\EHFROOHFWHGIURPWKH a favourite to win the 2019 Growth forecast cut Nobel peace prize, which will be DGGUHVV VWDWHG EHORZ IURP WKH UG 2FWREHU  $Q DOWHUQDWLYH IRU HPDLOLQJ WKH 5)3 LV DOVR RIIHUHG DQG The World Bank has cut its eco- awarded on Friday. The Ethiopian ELGGHUV ZKRPD\KDYHLQWHUHVWPD\FRQWDFWWKHHPDLOEHORZIRUDVVLVWDQFH nomic growth forecast for sub- prime minister, who is just 43 Saharan Africa to 2.6%, from the years old, has transformed his Conditions: 2.8% it projected in April. But country and the region since tak- 1.7HQGHUGRFXPHQWVZLOOEHDYDLODEOHDWDQRQUHIXQGDEOHWHQGHUGHSRVLWRI5 things are looking up. The bank ing offi ce in April last year. He 2.7KHSULFHTXRWHGLQWKH%LGPXVWEHLQ0DORWL5DQGDQGLQFOXGHDOODSSOLFDEOHWD[HVDQGGXWLHV said growth would rise to 3.1% has unbanned political parties, 3.7KH%LGVPXVWEHVXEPLWWHGQRWODWHUWKDQKRXUVRQWKHVW1RYHPEHUDQGWKH\VKDOOEHRSHQHG in 2020 and 3.2% in 2021. It said released thousands of political the ongoing trade war between prisoners, lifted restrictions on VDPHGD\DWKRXUV China and the United States is the media, and formally ended 4.7HQGHUVUHFHLYHGODWHUWKDQWKHDERYHPHQWLRQHGGHDGOLQHWHOHJUDSKLFID[HGRUHOHFWURQLFWHQGHUVZLOOQRW partly to blame for the slowdown, a long war with neighbouring EHDFFHSWHG with low commodity prices and Eritrea. But critics have raised 5.'HWDLOHGWHQGHUSDFNDJLQJDQGODEHOOLQJUHTXLUHPHQWVLQWKH5HTXHVWIRU3URSRVDO 5)3 PXVWEHDGKHUHG the slow pace of economic reform concerns that Abiy is struggling WRRUWKLVVKDOOOHDGWRGLVTXDOL¿FDWLRQ also major factors. “Despite some to follow through on many of his 6.,PSRUWDQWLQGLFDWLYHGDWHV improvements, the external envi- other bold pronouncements. ronment is expected to remain diffi cult and uncertain for the Lecturers suspended Action Date region,” it concluded. An investigation by BBC Africa ,VVXH5)3 UG2FWREHU Eye into sexual harassment at Damned if you do two West African universities )LQDOGDWHWRVXEPLWZULWWHQTXHVWLRQVRQO\ HPDLOIRUPDW WK2FWREHU Egypt accused Ethiopia of violat- has resulted in the suspension 3UHELGPHHWLQJ WK2FWREHU#DP ing a previous agreement over of a lecturer at the University of )LQDQFH+RXVH0DVHUX the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Lagos, Nigeria, and two others at 'LVWULEXWLRQRITXHVWLRQVDQGDQVZHUVWRDOOELGGHUV HPDLOIRUPDW VW2FWREHU Dam. It’s a hydropower project on University of Ghana being asked the Blue Nile which could power to appear before the university’s )LQDOGDWHIRUVXEPLVVLRQRI%LGGHUSURSRVDOVLQUHVSRQVHWRWKH VW1RYHPEHU# much of East Africa — but may anti-sexual harassment com- 5)3 also threaten Egypt’s water sup- mittee. BBC reporters posing as 3XEOLFRSHQLQJRIWKHELGV VW1RYHPEHU# ply. “Ethiopia’s moving forward students fi lmed the lecturers. with the operation and fi lling of The investigation has sparked 7. $OOWHQGHUVPXVWEHGHOLYHUHGWR7KH6HFUHWDU\±7HQGHU&RPPLWWHH  the Renaissance Dam is unaccep- criticism of the sexual harassment /HVRWKR5HYHQXH$XWKRULW\*RYHUQPHQW&RPSOH[3KDVH,,,&QU.LQJVZD\5RDGDQG2OG+LJK&RXUW5RDG table and a clear violation of the pervasive at tertiary institutions, Declaration of Principles and will including from Nigeria’s fi rst lady, )LQDQFH+RXVH*URXQG)ORRU2I¿FH1XPEHU have negative consequences for Aisha Buhari, who said: “It is no stability in the region,” Egyptian longer enough to sweep allega- Any queries concerning this tender should be addressed to the Secretary of The Tender Committee at Foreign Minister Sameh Shoukry tions under the carpet or force vic- this e-mail address: [email protected] said in Parliament on Wednesday. tims to withdraw their allegations, 11364M&G Egypt has previously threatened victimise or stigmatise them.” Mail & Guardian October 11 to 17 2019 21 Business Two power zombies just won’t die

Despite court cases and financiers pulling out of CO2 producing coal-fuelled power stations, Thabametsi and Khanyisa could still come online

NEW ANALYSIS Kevin Davie

hink of them as zombies that refuse to die. In 2010, the integrated resource Tplan (IRP) called for 6 000 megawatts of coal- fired electricity to be supplied by Graphic: JOHN McCANN Visual ref: VINTAGE COMICS VINTAGE ref:Visual Graphic: JOHN McCANN independent power producers (IPPs). A ministerial determination in 2012 decreed that 2 500 megawatts of coal power would be allocated, with bids in 2016 going to two coal projects — Thabametsi (577 megawatts) and Khanyisa (300 megawatts). Based on the 2018 draft of the IRP, 1 500 megawatts of coal-fuelled energy supplied by IPPs is expected to form part of the latest incar- nation of the IRP, which went to Cabinet this week. The IRP is widely expected to be accepted and gazet- ted this month. This document will shape electricity policy. President Cyril Ramaphosa, in a statement issued at the time of last Research Centre found that the coal last year pledging to halve its coal- taic project sites in South Africa to Engineering News Online that the month’s United Nations summit on IPPs would add some R20-billion fi red power investments by 2030, to approach it with a view to poten- policy dealt only with “new” coal- the climate emergency, said the new to a least-cost energy system, in cir- increase its renewable energy invest- tially jointly submitting the project fi red power generation. “So the pol- IRP “calls for an energy mix that cumstances where we do not need ment, and to avoid any new coal- as part of any future renewables icy is not applicable to Thabametsi,” includes a significantly increased them to meet demand and ensure fired power projects “as a general auction that could be launched by it said. component of energy from renew- security of electricity supply,” the principle”, the Institute for Energy government, Engineering News The IEEFA reported that able sources, as well as from tradi- Life After Coal Campaign says. Economics and Financial Analysis reported. Botswana, which has had a set of tional sources that include coal, nat- “If the department of energy were (IEEFA) reported. “Marubeni has a growing renewa- coal misadventures, is getting out ural gas and nuclear energy”. to publish the least-cost plan that Marubeni announced last week bles footprint globally, but has not of coal, last month disclosing it and Japanese energy giant Marubeni civil society organisations have been it was pulling out of a proposed yet participated in South Africa’s Namibia are considering a 20-year and South Korea’s Kepco are the demanding, it would not include any 300 megawatt extension to the [renewable energy programme], five gigawatt solar development lead shareholders in Thabametsi, new coal. Allowing the two new coal Morupule B coal-fi red power plant under which more than 6 000 mega- plan. “With far more capacity than is near Lephalale in Limpopo, while plants contemplated by the draft IRP in Botswana, according to the watts of renewable energy capac- needed to meet demand in Botswana Saudi Arabia’s Acwa Power, is a to go ahead would be disastrous for IEEFA. It had been in a 50:50 joint ity has been procured from over 90 and Namibia, the great majority shareholder in Khanyisa, near water resources, air quality, health, venture with South Korean company projects.” of power generated would be for eMalahleni in Mpumalanga. land, and the climate.” Posco to build the Morupule B exten- But Marubeni told the publica- export around Africa,” the institute But both power stations have been Loser says Marubeni, Thabametsi’s sion consisting of two 150 megawatt tion that Thabametsi would not reported. subject to on-going court action by co-shareholder, has decided not to units. have been aff ected by the company’s “Faced by a wave of cheap renew- groups, which build new coal plants. Marubeni has meanwhile issued a September 18 policy decision not able energy projects, coal power pro- have kept the projects stuck on the The Japanese energy giant notice calling on entities with “bid to enter into new coal-fired power ponents will increasingly fi nd a lack drawing board. released a coal policy in September ready” wind and solar photovol- generation deals. Marubeni told of export credit agency and bank In addition, three local private support for their proposals,” says banks — Nedbank, Standard and IEEFA analyst Simon Nicholas. FirstRand — have been reviewing “Marubeni’s Botswana coal pro- their funding of fossil industries Thabametsi, Khanyisa in legal knot ject has fallen over due to a lack of and have distanced themselves from support from export credit agen- Thabametsi and Khanyisa. cies, banks and Botswana itself And the African Development Thabametsi’s legal challenges lowed earlier objections in January • Khanyisa’s provisional atmos- which is now turning towards Bank (AfDB) has said it will no • A high court review by 2017. If the licence is issued, it will be pheric emission licence is subject to renewables,” he says, predicting that longer finance coal projects. “Coal Earthlife Africa and ground- challenged on appeal at the water tri- an appeal by groundWork; Marubeni will struggle to fi nance its is the past, renewable energy is the Work to challenge the decision bunal; and • Khanyisa’s water use licence Thabametsi project. future. For us at AfDB, we are get- of the minister of environmental • Thabametsi still has to obtain a is subject to an appeal by ground- Financiers are increasingly scru- ting out of coal,” said the bank’s aff airs to uphold the environmen- National Energy Regulator of South Work. This means the licence is tinising coal investments as climate president, Akinwumi Adesina. tal authorisation for the station, Africa (Nersa) generation licence. suspended. Even though Acwa concerns raise insurance and fi nanc- But, zombie-like, the two coal pro- despite its signifi cant eff ect on cli- Earthlife Africa objected to this Power’s application to the minis- ing risks while falling renewable jects have refused to die. mate change; application, and made representa- ter of water and sanitation to lift energy costs mean they are cheaper, Nicole Loser, of the Centre for • Thabametsi still has to obtain tions to Nersa at a hearing in March the suspension of the licence suc- cleaner and less risky than fossil fuel Environmental Rights (CER), an atmospheric emission licence 2018. If issued, the licence will prob- ceeded, this success is also being power. says 1 000 megawatts of new coal from the department of environ- ably be challenged on review in the challenged on review in the high But somehow Thabametsi and power appear to be earmarked for mental affairs. Interested and high court. court in Pretoria; and Khanyisa refuse to die. Loser, for Thabametsi and Khanyisa aff ected parties are in the process • Khanyisa has yet to obtain a one, is not predicting their imminent The Life After Coal Campaign, of preparing their appeal of the Khanyisa’s legal challenges generation licence from Nersa. death, saying that the Industrial and which includes Earthlife Africa, the licence commenting again on a • The decision to issue an environ- groundWork has objected to the Commercial Development Bank of CER and groundWork, contend that revised application. mental authorisation to Khanyisa generation licence application, and China is already earmarked to fund these coal power stations should not • Thabametsi still has to obtain without an adequate impact assess- made representations to a Nersa Khanyisa. It, or others like it, may fi ll be built. They say the country does a water use licence. A revised appli- ment regarding climate change hearing in March 2018. If issued, the funding gap left by South Africa’s not need this electricity and that it cation was submitted in February is subject to a review brought by the licence will probably be chal- commercial banks. will be much more expensive than 2018, to which Earthlife Africa and groundWork in the high court in lenged on review in the high court. The zombies could still stalk the renewable energy. groundWork objected, which fol- Pretoria; — Life Without Coal Campaign blighted coal landscape for some “A recent report by the Energy time. 22 Mail & Guardian October 11 to 17 2019 Business BIZ BRIEFS

Old Mutual-Moyo butt heads JSE-listed assurer Old Mutual has Is it too good to be true? denied in papers submitted to the court this week that it is in contempt of court by barring its twice-axed A TV show on the high It responded by saying that the chief executive, Peter Moyo, from Financial Advisory and Intermediary resuming his duties. He has previ- life lived by the Forex Services Act required authorisation. ously argued that the company has Broker Killers begs the To conduct unregistered business failed to adhere to standing court would therefore “contravene South orders ordering his temporary rein- question of how they African financial sector laws”. statement. In the court papers filed claim to make millions The FSCA says anybody may trade this week, Old Mutual argues that its in “foreign currency for themselves second notice of termination issued as long as they have the relevant skill to Moyo was a separate legal action Tshegofatso Mathe and knowledge”. from his initial firing in June. It fur- As long as a person does not pro- ther argues that its relationship with here is nothing I vide financial advice they can inde- Moyo is “completely destroyed” and cannot afford. I can pendently trade using licenced that the chances of a future working afford anything … platforms such as Standard Bank’s relationship between the board and ‘Tthis is the best life- Webtrader, Sanlam iTrade or PSG Moyo are slim. style-dream I could online. ever think of,” boasts Kgopotso FBK’s website states it is monitored Group 5 loses another boss Mmutlane — or DJ Coach Tsekeleke by Sihle Investment Consulting, but Thabo Kgogo resigned this week as he is better known — on his reality provides no details who this might as the interim chief executive of show FBK Millionaires. be and how it can be contacted. the embattled construction firm “I am a proud millionaire, but you A Google search shows that the Group 5 “to pursue an alternative cannot see it until I tell you,” the for- Key to wealth: Forex trader Kgopotso Mmutlane flaunts his expensive company is based in Soshanguve, business career”. Kgogo, who ends eign exchange (forex) trader is quick German wheels. Photo: Facebook Pretoria, and specialises in financial his nine-month term at the helm of to point out, however. planning, accounting and taxation the company at the end of October, The show, which aired on YouTube financial service providers (FSPs) that offers general knowledge about services for personal and business was appointed as a non-executive before getting a platform on DStv’s nor a representative of an authorised forex trading. needs. director in 2017 before the group Moja Love channel, features the lives FSP.” Those who want more than just The M&G contacted Sihle’s founder went into business rescue. He is of a group of seven forex traders who Any entity or individual render- general information, can purchase and chief executive, Sanele Msibi, the group’s fifth chief executive in call themselves the Forex Broker ing financial advice and intermedi- Mmutlane’s strategies, which com- who said he has been working with 10 years. “In the circumstances, the Killers (FBK). ary services as contemplated and prise a PDF and videos and can sell FBK for two weeks and his job is to business rescue practitioners do not Members of FBK, the brainchild of defined in the Financial Advisory for as much as R21 000. make sure the group comply with the at this time foresee the appointment Mmutlane, are more than happy to and Intermediary Services Act, 2002 “You pay for the strategy, do your law when dealing with customers of a replacement chief executive,” share their envy-inducing lifestyles — which regulates and provides a own research and look for a broker and money-related matters. Group Five said. — complete with fancy cars, luxury code of conduct for FSPs and their — who is the middleman and will let He said that so far he has found homes and stacks of cash. customers — has to receive authori- you meet the market,” said Bethuel loopholes when it comes to disclo- SA competitiveness up a tad Viewers can live the high life vicari- sation from the FSCA. Mofetekoa, a member and manager sures (what they tell the client before South Africa is more competitive ously as they watch the seven young Once authorisation is granted, the at FBK. they actually sign), which can “come than it was a year ago amid slow- men show off their girlfriends, par- body, which governs market con- FBK recommends MetaTrader 4 as back to bite them”. ing global productivity and growth, ties and flashy rides — cars such as duct, issues a licence under the Act. its preferred platform. Mbisi said the way in which FBK according to the World Economic an Audi S3, and Mercedes-Benz AMG When asked if he is registered, offers its one-minute strategy is not Forum (WEF). The country competi- and V-Class, which carry price tags Mmutlane said people who need to nvestopedia, a website focusing fully compliant with the law. tiveness score increased by 1.7 points ranging from R600 000 to R1-million. register are those who are offering on investing and finance edu- “That is also one other thing to 62 out of 100, beating fellow Brics The show, which is currently on a financial advice or investing people’s Ication, says traders have to go [where] we need to make a clear dis- member India and Brazil. China production break after airing just money and he does not do that. through an intermediary such as tinction,” he said. and Russia scored far higher than four episodes, does beg the question: “Remember, what I do. I do not a forex broker to execute trades. He said FBK does not fully comply South Africa. The WEF has recom- just how does FBK make money? teach people how to trade. If you Mofetekoa says after a trader has as it still needs to indicate that what mended that the country implement Mmutlane says the group has come to me and you want to learn, I established which broker they want it offers is “just a forecast on what structural reforms to “ignite the accrued its wealth through trad- will point you at the material you can to use, they can then choose the cur- the market is going to do and people economy”. The WEF competitive- ing in foreign currencies. He says use,” he said. rency they want to trade in, after should consult their financial adviser ness report compares 141 economies they operate as a legal entity under Mmutlane says, what they offer which they choose the amount they before acting on such information based on more than 100 indicators in Mmutlane Traders, which offers are strategies, and it [Mmutlane want to put in and start trading. [which is] not intended to be used as 12 categories. trading “strategies” through FBK Traders] is not a financial institution. Asked by the M&G if he partici- financial advice”. Online Services. “What I offer is the strategies pates in scamming, Mmutlane said The M&G has been informed FBK Naspers to boost SA tech sector When the Mail & Guardian which I founded,” he adds. “obviously no”, adding that he only Millionaires is likely to be back on Naspers Foundry said that it plans asked the Financial Sector Conduct Its website, fbkonlineservices.com, provides guidelines to those who air at the end of October — perhaps it to invest R1.4-billion in South Authority (FSCA) if Mmutlane says the group does not offer invest- need them and does not trade on will be fully compliant by then. Africa’s technology sector over the Traders and FBK Online Services ments, account management and behalf of anyone. next three years. Chief executive are registered, a spokesperson said: physical classes. Punters who go to The M&G asked the FSCA if the Tshegofatso Mathe is an Adamela Phuti Mahanyele-Dabengwa said “No, there is currently no record of their website to try and turn their packages and strategies the FBK pro- Trust business reporter at the Mail the funds would be used to boost the entities mentioned as authorised fortunes around will find a free PDF vide are legal. & Guardian businesses and entrepreneurs in the sector. She said the company would focus on tech companies that have high growth and potential to compete globally. Naspers Foundry Swings and roundabouts for jobs in banks has already invested R30-million in online on-demand cleaning company, SweepSouth. The newly Tshegofatso Mathe in Braamfontein ruled the strike and its not clear what the net effect is the private sector,” he said. appointed chief executive said the unlawful. going to be,” he said. TymeBank, which launched early company would look to build on the Ongoing retrenchments in the bank- But Stuart Theobald, chairper- “I think the commentary has been this year as a digital bank, said it has success of that investment in other ing sector led the South African son at research and consulting firm very focused on those banks that created about 700 jobs for ambas- start-ups on the continent. Society of Bank Officials (Sasbo) to Intellidex, said the numbers show have entered into formal retrench- sadors, who are the bank’s primary threaten a countrywide strike last that overall the sector is simultane- ments process with their staff and human interface. Samancor slams fraud claims month. But the overall picture may ously hiring workers, while retrench- unions. And that gets headlines and Chief executive Tauriq Keraan said Chrome miner Samancor said it is not be as gloomy as it seems. ing others. what does not get noticed is banks TymeBank is committed to offer- taking legal advice on the allega- Although one independent evalu- He said that this year Standard that are hiring people.” ing customers a cost-effective bank tions of fraud and profit shifting. ation shows that some banks have Bank had cut 2 097 of its 46 168 of Theobald said that, despite the proposition and a seamless customer The Association of Mineworkers been shedding jobs, other banks are employees, Nedbank had shed 937 weak economy, new banks have experience. “To achieve this, the and Construction Union this week hiring. people, leaving it with 30 335 work- entered the market with competi- bank has been built in such a way announced that it will take the com- In recent months, banks such as ers, and Absa pruned its headcount tive fees and interest rates, including that it allows for most of its processes pany to court after a whistle-blower Standard and Absa have announced by 1 688 to 39 629. The total staff TymeBank and Bank Zero, which are to be digital and [they] are thus not furnished the union with claimed retrenchments, citing the weak reduction at the three banks was expanding the sector and making it managed by people,” he said. proof that Samancor had been economy and redirecting resources 4 722, according to Theobald. more competitive. Charl Nel, head of communica- involved in illicit financial flows. The towards digitalisation. At the same time, other banks “The future of the banking indus- tions at Capitec Bank, said: “Any union is accusing Samancor of being Sasbo, which claimed that more were hiring. FirstRand increased its try is going to involve fewer branches business can only create new posi- behind “R7.5-billion worth of corrup- than 40 000 members would partici- employees by 2 496 to a headcount of and more digital engagements with tions if it grows. We should not fear tion and fraud”. The world’s second pate in the strike, said it would mean 48 780 and Capitec by 441 to 13 774. clients — it’s also going to involve the artificial intelligence revolution largest chrome miner said it views there would be no cash in ATMs. It is set to add 600 employees in lower costs because it’s becoming that is awaiting all industries.” the allegations of the whistle-blower, “The whole aim of the strike is to the next six months. Theobald said more competitive, particularly in the He said Capitec’s view is that the who it says allegedly requested com- call for the stoppage of retrench- the new jobs created totalled 2 937, retail account market,” he said. need for people in the banking sector pensation, as “malicious and oppor- ments and job losses,” Sasbo secre- meaning there was an overall loss at During the past 20 years banks will increase but “the tasks they do tunistic”. Samancor said in a state- tary general Joe Kokela said in an the major banks of 1 785. have employed more people than in will change substantially”. ment that “the matter will be dealt interview with eNCA. “I think it’s safe to say it’s not any major economic sector except for with through the appropriate forum The day before the intended strike universally the case that banks are the government. “Banks have been Tshegofatso Mathe is an Adamela at a suitable time and court process on September 27, the labour court retrenching. Some banks are hiring the source of employment growth in Trust business reporter at the M&G will be followed”. Mail & Guardian October 11 to 17 2019 23 Business Uber cool firms won’t always work

Market sentiment towards high-flying, loss-making start-ups High life: Adam has changed; investors are becoming more wary of big talk Neumann, CEO of Tshegofatso Mathe sion, say, the company may be caught short.” WeWork, On September 30 the company’s co-chief lived a lavish lthough there has been major executives, Sebastian Gunningham and Artie lifestyle and turbulence at WeWork’s head- Minson, said in a statement that they are post- cashed in quarters in New York, with its poning the IPO to focus on their core business of hundreds Achief executive and founder which the “fundamentals remain strong”. of millions Adam Neumann being ousted Business Insider reported that WeWork plans before and it withdrawing its initial public offering to retrench 3 000 to 5 000 workers out of its attempting (IPO), it appears to be business as usual at 12 500 employees, and sell some of its assets. to list the WeWork’s swanky branch in Johannesburg. The Wall Street Journal reported Neumann company. WeWork specialises in uber cool co-work- would remain nonexecutive chairman. Photo: ing spaces. In August, it opened its Rosebank Eduardo offices, which span six floors of the 15-storey Tshegofatso Mathe is an Adamela Trust busi- Nunoz/ building, The Link and already has 200 of what ness reporter at the Mail & Guardian Reuters it calls “members” — individuals and groups who use its facilities. Redefine Properties, which is in charge of The Link, said in June that the building is worth R133-million and WeWork is leasing 60% of it. A sneak peek at one of the glass-walled floors showed a hive of activity, the members in meet- ings or busy working on their laptops. The open work area is decorated with colourful furniture and there is also a plant-filled patio outside. KINGJAMES 48534 WeWork plans to open offices in Sandton and Cape Town too. The Mail & Guardian visited There’s a new the site in Sandton and it looked as if most of the work that requires heavy lifting is done. space race. There’s never A spokesperson for the company, based in London, told the M&G that its plans to grow been a better globally would continue. And it’s not WeWork, which has leases valued at $18-bil- time to be lion, reached a valuation peak of $47-billion in an investor. January, after Japanese tech giant SoftBank happening made an investment of $10.65-billion for 29% of the business. in space. The company, which began operations in 2010, has a presence in more than 528 loca- tions in 111 cities in 29 countries. It has more than 50 locations in New York City and is on its way to becoming the largest private office ten- ant in Manhattan, according to the Coworking Resources publication.

he company’s front man, Neumann, is a charismatic, hard-partying Israeli Twith long hair and a penchant for leather jackets and tequila, The New York Times reported. He also used the com- pany to fund his pet projects and maintained a lavish lifestyle complete with private jets and luxury homes. TechCrunch reported in July that Neumann cashed out more than $700-million ahead of WeWork’s initial public offering. It said the size and timing of the payouts, made through a mix of stock sales and loans secured by his equity in the company, was “unusual”, because “found- ers typically wait until after a company holds its public offering to liquidate their holdings”. Hoping for a spectacular IPO in August, Bloomberg reported that the company was considering seeking a valuation of up to $30-billion, but that it could end up closer to $20-billion. This is after the company’s financial results revealed that it had incurred operating losses of $1.37-billion and spending losses of $1.5-billion. But there were also signs that market sen- timent against high-flying, loss-making tech companies had turned; with the IPOs of both e-hailing companies Uber and Lyft disappointing. “Investors can live with big losses if they believe that a company can one day earn big profits and weather storms along the way. “Analysts and industry executives said there were good reasons to doubt that WeWork, which operates in the cut-throat and cyclical www.sanlaminvestments.com market for office space, could achieve either goal,” The New York Times reported. Beside concerns of profitability, there was Construction has started on the world’s fi rst building that will be 1 km high. And advancements in the ongoing war to be the highest a worry about how WeWork spent money on mean there’s more opportunity than ever before. To fi nd out how our innovative investment portfolios are taking advantage of the refurbishment and the duration of its leases. world we live in, visit www.sanlaminvestments.com. The New York Times said: “The company leases buildings from landlords and spends a lot to turn them into attractive spaces. But Sanlam is a Licensed Financial Services Provider. WeWork’s leases run about 15 years on average, much longer than the average two-year com- mitments its customers make to the company. If WeWork loses many tenants during a reces- 24 Mail & Guardian October 11 to 17 2019 Business The platform economy needs laws

Algorithms and big data could improve social well-being; currently they serve personal gain

COMMENT search, we didn’t sign up to have our Mariana Mazzucato behaviour catalogued, shaped, and sold. he use and abuse of data To change this will require focus- by Facebook and other ing directly on the prevailing busi- Zucked: Dozens of cardboard cutouts of Facebook boss Mark Zuckerberg are seen during a protest against tech companies are finally ness model, and specifically on the company in Washington, DC, last year. Photo: Aaron P. Bernstein/Reuters Tgarnering the official the source of economic rents. Just attention they deserve. as landowners in the 17th century As Tim O’Reilly has argued, over time, Likewise, competition policy public transportation and other ser- With personal data becoming the extracted rents from land-price such rent-seeking weakens the eco- should not be focused solely on vices, rather than simply becoming world’s most valuable commodity, infl ation, and just as robber barons system of suppliers that the platforms the question of size. Breaking up private profi ts. will users be the platform economy’s profited from the scarcity of oil, were originally created to serve. large companies would not solve Of course, some will argue that masters or its slaves? today’s platform fi rms are extract- Rather than simply assuming that the problems of value extraction or regulating the platform economy Prospects for democratising the ing value through the monopoli- economic rents are all the same, abuses of individual rights. There will impede market-driven value platform economy remain dim. sation of search and e-commerce economic policymakers should is no reason to assume that many creation. But they should go back Algorithms are developing in ways services. be trying to understand how plat- smaller Googles or Facebooks would and read their Adam Smith, whose that allow companies to profit To be sure, it is predictable that form algorithms allocate value operate diff erently or develop new, ideal of a “free market” was one free from our past, present, and future sectors with high network externali- among consumers, suppliers, and less exploitative algorithms. from rents, not from the state. behaviour — or what Shoshana ties — where the benefi ts to individ- the platform itself. Whereas some Creating an environment that Algorithms and big data could Zuboff of Harvard Business School ual users increase as a function of allocations may refl ect real compe- rewards genuine value creation be used to improve public services, describes as our “behavioural the total number of users — will pro- tition, others are being driven by and punishes value extraction is the working conditions, and the well- surplus”. duce large companies. That is why value extraction rather than value fundamental economic challenge being of all people. But these tech- In many cases, digital platforms telephone companies grew so mas- creation. of our time. Fortunately, govern- nologies are currently being used already know our preferences bet- sive in the past. The problem is not Thus, we need to develop a new ments, too, are now creating plat- to undermine public services, pro- ter than we do, and can nudge us size, but how network-based compa- governance structure, which starts forms to identify citizens, collect mote zero-hour contracts, violate to behave in ways that produce still nies wield their market power. with creating a new vocabulary. For taxes, and provide public services. individual privacy, and destabilise more value. Do we really want to Today’s tech companies origi- example, calling platform compa- Owing to concerns in the early days the world’s democracies — all in the live in a society where our inner- nally used their broad networks to nies “tech giants” implies they have of the internet about offi cial misuse interest of personal gain. most desires and manifestations of bring in diverse suppliers, much to invested in the technologies from of data, much of the current data Innovation does not just have a personal agency are up for sale? the benefi t of consumers. Amazon which they are profiting, when it architecture was built by private rate of progression; it also has a Capitalism has always excelled at allowed small publishers to sell was really taxpayers who funded the companies. But government plat- direction. The threat posed by arti- creating new desires and cravings. titles (including my fi rst book) that key underlying technologies — from forms now have enormous poten- ficial intelligence and other tech- But with big data and algorithms, otherwise would not have made it to the internet to GPS. tial to improve the effi ciency of the nologies lies not in the pace of their tech companies have both accel- the display shelf at your local book- Moreover, the widespread use of public sector and to democratise the development, but in how they are erated and inverted this process. store. Google’s search engine used tax arbitrage and contract work- platform economy. being designed and deployed. Our Rather than just creating new goods to return a diverse array of provid- ers (to avoid the costs of providing To realise that potential, we will challenge is to set a new course. and services in anticipation of what ers, goods, and services. health insurance and other benefi ts) need to rethink the governance of — © Project Syndicate people might want, they already But now, both companies use their is eroding the markets and insti- data, develop new institutions, and, know what we will want, and are dominant positions to stifl e compe- tutions upon which the platform given the dynamics of the platform Mariana Mazzucato is professor of selling our future selves. tition, by controlling which prod- economy relies. Rather than talk- economy, experiment with alterna- economics of innovation and public Worse, the algorithmic processes ucts users see and favouring their ing about regulation, then, we need tive forms of ownership. To take just value at University College London being used often perpetuate gender own brands (many of which have to go further, embracing concepts one of many examples, the data that and director of its Institute for and racial biases, and can be manip- seemingly independent names). such as co-creation. Governments one generates when using Google Innovation and Public Purpose. She ulated for profit or political gain. Meanwhile, companies that do not can and should be shaping markets Maps — or any other platform that is the author of The Value of Eve- Although we all benefi t immensely advertise on these platforms find to ensure that collectively created relies on taxpayer-funded technolo- rything: Making and Taking in the from digital services such as Google themselves at a severe disadvantage. value serves collective ends. gies — should be used to improve Global Economy We’ll soon find out if Mboweni is the man with a plan

COMMENT phobic rioting and questions about fallout in the ANC and its alliance Council for further deliberation. Powerpoint did not shy away from Kevin Davie President Cyril Ramaphosa’s abil- partners when first released, you If you were a conspiratorial type, straight-talking — including taking ity to implement tough economic could easily have formed the opin- you could have speculated that aim at ministers and offi cials, saying With the clock ticking down to reforms because he is constrained ion that the document would not one or two items such as this were there was a lack of accountability in M-Day — Finance Minister Tito by his tenuous hold on a deeply get through the national execu- included by Mboweni in his reform performance agreements. No action Mboweni’s medium-term budget on divided ANC, and he faces tive committee (NEC) without document, knowing that they would was taken for underperformance October 30 or Moody’s credit rating opposition from union allies major surgery, perhaps leaving not be accepted, but could be useful because outcomes were poorly con- review on November 1 — at least one who, fearing job losses, oppose few of the proposals intact. concessions to make to while get- ceived, he said. high-profile pundit is predicting a privatisation. But Mboweni’s docu- ting agreement on the bulk of the In his presentation Mboweni said downgrade. This assessment, ment survived more document. that state-owned companies posed Investment bank Renaissance, in though, may be over- or less as first Also not accepted — and this is a huge risk to economic stability and a view at odds with the majority sur- reach, based on the released. A nota- really the biggest deal — was the pro- fi nancial and spoke of veyed by Bloomberg, is predicting we way Mboweni’s eco- ble exception was posal in Mboweni’s document to fi x the need to rethink the rationale for will be junked. The prediction has nomic reform docu- that a labour Eskom’s debt by separately auction- where the state should intervene or standing because Renaissance has ment passaged market reform ing off its power stations. Rather, it what it should own; that subsidising got the last eight out of nine sover- through the high- to curtail the was decided to stay with existing ineffi cient state-owned companies to eign ratings decisions in emerging est ANC struc- extension of ANC policy, which calls for a strate- deliver services that could be done markets correct since May. tures. Given the bargain- gic equity partner to be brought in. more efficiently by someone else Renaissance global chief econo- ing council This could mean almost anything should be stopped; and that state mist Charles Robertson, quoted by Tick: Tito agreements in practice, but you’d want such a companies that have no clear public Bloomberg, said South Africa’s fun- Mboweni between big partner to bring both boodle and service mandate should be sold. damentals had deteriorated since presented business and nous. Given the existential chal- This may indicate the generali- May, when Moody’s maintained its his economic big labour to lenges Eskom faces, it is hard to see ties of where policy is going, but we investment grade rating. plan and the non-parties who such a partner could be. wait for the specifi cs as October 30 Robertson pointed to poor growth, ANC’s national was sent to the Mboweni noticeably left out his approaches, as does November 1, problematic public fi nances, a sub- executive National Economic proposals for restructuring Eskom when we’ll see whether Mboweni is dued commodity outlook, xeno- didn’t blink Development and Labour in his presentation to the NEC. His indeed the man with a plan. Mail & Guardian October 11 to 17 2019 25 Comment& Analysis The idealism of #ImStaying has its limits

How does one cope with living in South Africa? Positive narratives and acts of charity that don’t tackle institutional problems aren’t enough. We need collective action to create systemic change

SOCIETY The wealthy — and often white — Andile Zulu South Africans who eventually find the country unbearable are notori- isappointment and dis- ous for their proclivity to emigrate. satisfaction seem to The Facebook group is evolving fast, define post- but it is at least partly a response DSouth Africa. These to this historic trend. The platform attitudes manifest in promotes a kind of citizenship-cen- different ways. For the millions of tred patriotism that compels people people disappointed by their des- to rethink emigration and endure titution, and locked out of political South Africa’s numerous travails power by their poverty, volatile rage with kindness and positivity. is an avenue of expression, as seen #ImStaying’s growth is astound- in the recent xenophobic violence. ing: it has gathered more than half As for those people dissatisfied a million members in less than but shielded by their wealth and the three weeks. It’s a testimony to how comfort it provides, a paralysing pes- starved citizens are of alternative simism locks them into passivity. narratives. Yet, as I explored the They complain, yet usually do little posts and read through the com- to change the state of affairs. ments I grew uncomfortable with It wasn’t always like this in South (but curious) about the type of opti- Africa. Yes, there was fear and uncer- mism and positivity #ImStaying is tainty in the 1990s but these were promoting — I’ve seen it before. counteracted by the promise of free- There is a tendency — not unique dom and the hope it inspired. But to South Africans, but prevalent Graphic: JOHN McCANN since 1994, freedom — and the pros- among us — to create and cling perity many people thought it would closely, and often uncritically, to unleash — eludes the desperate “feel good” narratives. Remember However, hope can be irrational our political culture are obsessed severity of our problems. Authentic grasps of millions. Ramaphoria? Remember the pro- when detached from the material with the notion that individuals — unity can’t exist in a country so It would be a lie to claim no posi- ject of reconciliation, complemented conditions of the world. through tremendous willpower or harshly stratified by class. Difference tive progress has been achieved. by Archbishop Emeritus Desmond Popular posts on the group are moral virtue — can somehow drasti- cannot be celebrated when tens of However, these minor gains aren’t Tutu’s description of the new South usually about acts of charity and cally change or challenge systemic thousands of men abuse, rape and good enough. It isn’t remarkable to Africa as a “”? Now, kindness from strangers to those in issues such as corruption, inequality, kill women for the mere fact that be “better” than an authoritarian, there’s #ImStaying. One could argue need, usually between members of unemployment, crime and poverty. they are women. white supremacist government. Even that the movement builds on the ide- different races. Alongside this, one But sensitivity to history and The realisation of reconciliation, when recognising that any post- alistic narratives that came before it. sees a lot posts about cross-cultural moments of radical change in recent the rainbow nation or the ideals of 1994 government would struggle to and interracial bonds or relation- years demonstrate that collective #ImStaying would require drastic rebuild from the ruins of apartheid, hat do these narratives ships. The caption will usually read action has been much more of a use- and, for some people, uncomfort- the disenchantment many people have in common? In something like “My white friend”, ful tool than the actions of individu- able changes to the very structure of feel is more than reasonable. Wan attempt to foster “Me and my loyal and loved domes- als, no matter how exceptional they South African society. The mounting sense of disillusion- hope and unite citi- tic worker”, “My black friend at my may be. I return to my initial question: how ment is compounded by the media. zens, they champion an unbridled wedding” and so on, followed by sto- The trappings of idealism are does one cope with living in South There are evenings when I avoid optimism that often paints over the ries that are meant to display that clear in the #ImStaying movement’s Africa? If unrestrained idealism fogs watching the news. I know what grim aspects of our political and eco- racism, together with the division it constant celebration of interracial our perception of reality, making us usually awaits me: stories of com- nomic realities. It’s not that members implants, isn’t as pervasive as politi- marriages, friendships or families. produce solutions to society’s ills that munities decaying, neglected by their of the #ImStaying movement are cians and the media would have the Meaningful and intimate bonds that barely begin to excavate the nature so-called leaders. Tale after tale of unaware of the country’s problems, public believe. are built across lines of race or eth- of our predicaments, then what are brutal violence against the most vul- but that their response — although it A few of these posts do make nicity should be normal. Sadly, they the alternatives? One was offered nerable people in society. Another does have its benefits — is limited in me smile. But a closer look reveals aren’t in South Africa. Because we by Italian philosopher Antonio corruption scandal exposed with no what it can achieve. how the “feel good” themes of are gradually recovering from a five- Gramsci, who argued that we should jail time served by the culprits. The The impulses that drive the ideal- #ImStaying limit us from asking decade-long project of segregation, adopt a “pessimism of the intellect cool demeanour of news anchors ism of narratives such as #ImStaying hard questions. For example, should the adoration or resentment interra- and optimism of the will”. delivering sad reports on our econ- are understandable. South Africa’s a human’s ability to satisfy their cial bonds attract is understandable, An unfiltered look on the broken omy’s slow growth, followed by an problems are complex, deeply rooted basic needs depend on random acts although obviously not justified. worlds we inhabit is needed to fix onslaught of impersonal statistics in histories we’ve barely unravelled, of charity? As necessary as charity them. The fact that things are bad about unemployment or inequality. and are further muddled by the cur- is to sustain the lives of those suffer- nstead of celebrating what should — and probably getting worse — To avoid the temptation of falling rent deformities in government, civil ing at the bottom of the social order, be normal in a cohesive society, cannot be avoided. It may make you into despair, indifference or unpro- society and the economy. should we not work towards eras- Ishould we not smash the eco- angry, dejected or exasperated. How ductive rage, how does one cope with To confront these dilemmas can ing the conditions that make people nomic and cultural obstacles that could anyone bear witness to the living in South Africa? be daunting. Worse, the seemingly poor in the first place? obstruct human connection? unjust and unnecessary suffering #ImStaying is a Facebook group insurmountable barriers of class, Discussions about how to improve The #ImStaying movement calls all around us and not be indignant? and social-media movement that is race and gender isolate us, sapping socioeconomic circumstances do for the unity of citizens — regard- Rather than allow our spirits to wal- becoming a rallying force that tem- the potential for collective action. occur in the #ImStaying group. less of gender, race or class — and low and minds soak in these negative pers the negative moods afflicting Instead, we strain our imagina- Unfortunately, the plans of action the celebration of difference. Again, feelings, they should be harnessed us. For those people who join the tions, telling stories that make our are often centred on individual acts the impulse and principles are good, towards propelling us into action. group, it’s a platform to quell our col- minds and hearts burst with blind of charity and kindness. Similar in fact, necessary for the country to lective anger, to soothe our anxiety optimism — and, sometimes, delu- to the nation’s brief romance with recover from its various crises. Andile Zulu is a writer and cultural and briefly calm frustration through sional positivity. But what is wrong President Cyril Ramaphosa, it’s The deficiency of these narratives critic and has a blog called Born expressing one’s love for our country. with people wanting hope? Nothing. evident that certain segments of is in their failure to confront the Free Blues 26 Mail & Guardian October 11 to 17 2019 Comment & Analysis Patriarchy, migration Young Zuma acts just like uBaba fuel Afrophobia City streets are ‘washed’ to cleanse them of work onsidering that so many allegations swirl around him, the competitors and for appearance of one of the key figures in the Gupta enterprise ought to have been a pivotal moment in the work of Deputy moral, cultural and Chief Justice Raymond Zondo in unravelling the state-cap- social restoration Cture business. Duduzane Zuma, scion of the man who ruined South Africa, appeared before the Commission of Inquiry into Allegations of State Capture this week. MIGRATION It says something of the long-winded nature of this particular commission Leslie Bank of inquiry — and the ostensibly longer-winded nature of National Prosecuting Authority (NPA) investigations — that we are left, days later, lifting our hands here does South to the greying Johannesburg skies, asking the same thing about the weather Africa’s Afropho- as we are about state capture investigations: “What more will it take to see bic violence come something actually happening here?” Wfrom? The stand- It has been nearly three years since former public protector Thuli ard responses to Mandonsela released her report into allegations of state capture by Messrs. this question suggest that poverty Gupta and Zuma. Since then, Zuma was forced out of the Union Buildings and joblessness are primary causes. before he was ready to leave, and his preferred candidate to take up residence But this view underestimates the there was beaten by Cyril Ramaphosa. But only just. His allies continue to legacies of migrant labour and the Home: People in the Eastern Cape are moving closer to urban centres have influential roles in government, in state-owned enterprises, in the intel- influence of persistent double-root- but they retain their rural bases. Photo: Paul Botes ligence service and in Luthuli House. edness on the politics of our cities. The moment of relief, during which we had persuaded ourselves that the South Africa is 60% urbanised and social practices of oscillating the streets, or selling vetkoek or ciga- worst had been prevented, has long passed. And although the establishment of and this will rise to more than 70% migration. Of course, the constant rettes. They perceive this as women’s the commission of inquiry into state capture, like the other commissions that by 2030. The image produced is of shifting between town and coun- work. Their Afrophobia is under- have looked into maladministration at the South African Revenue Service and a one-way flow of people from the try was necessitated and enforced pinned more by their concern about the Public Investment Corporation, was the first glimmer of us moving on, little rural areas to the cities, but this is a through colonialism and apartheid, industrial job loses, which affect men, else has happened. And though the NPA reiterates that all is well, and arrests skewed picture because it ignores but it also became desired as part and questions of social proximity, may soon follow, the promise of the interregnum is fast running out. continuing intra-regional migration of the home-making culture of the moral corruption and opportunism For a man who is alleged to have aided and abetted said ruin of the country, and urbanisation. country itself, in which white people on the streets. It is the cultural and Zuma the younger mimicked the appearance of Zuma the elder at the com- Those living in deeper rural areas went to coastal caravan parks and moral profile of amakwerekwere, the mission — looking rather untroubled. Perhaps he has good reason to face the in the former homelands move closer beach houses to restore their souls, nature of their urbanity, their appar- deputy chief justice with such equanimity — he certainly does not seem to to small towns and local service while Africans returned to their rural ent homelessness and their lack of face any threat of arrest, or indeed prosecution any time soon. centres, aggregating on the edges of homesteads to cleanse their bodies respect, rather than the material And so it was that Duduzane, who has for so long been alleged to have these urban areas. The urban sprawl and souls of the corrosive influences gains they have made, that offend the been central to the plot of the to carve up parts of South Africa around Butterworth, Mthatha and of racism, whiteness and the city. South African men of the township for themselves, sat before the commission this week, and said little useful Sterkspruit in the former To be a genuine, worthy citizen and the countryside most directly. to excuse him from any suspicion of wrongdoing. Instead, one of his central testifies to how significant these pro- of the new South Africa requires a It is not women who lead the vio- arguments — that Madonsela had not allowed him an opportunity to respond cesses have become. The popularity moral and political commitment to lence against the African immi- to allegations made against him — was immediately debunked. of short-range migration, especially this double-rootedness, of knowing grants, even though they may have Duduzane lied, Madonsela said, because she had even offered to fly to for women with children, is related where you come from. Those who the most to lose from their economic Dubai to speak to him. This lie is very similar to the one told by his father to the fact that black South Africans refuse this imperative suffer the success. It is the men who reach for about his own opportunity to respond to Madonsela. We may as well chalk up still want to remain connected to possibility of madness, and those their sticks and balaclavas, flood- the tendency to bend this particular truth to the luck of the gene pool. their rural homesteads, despite wide- who forget their home as they are ing into public spaces to “wash” the And although he did not entertain us with yarns about the long shadows of spread and increasing urbanisation. seduced by greed can lose contact streets clean. The “washing” is done, spooks haunting his family, as his father had, Duduzane, like Zuma the elder, For those who move to the large with ubuntu and develop pathologi- not primarily for material gain or as appeared to believe that he was actually above the commission. He was smug. cities, the rural heartlands remain cal forms of behaviour and identity. some strategy against poverty; it is And he was also unrepentant. He has done nothing wrong, he said. social and cultural anchors for fam- In this context, homeless Africans also for the cause of moral, cultural The skies over Johannesburg have eked out the first rains of the highveld ily stability, personal identity and from other countries may be viewed and social restoration and entitle- summer. But we are still waiting for justice. social reproduction. These are places as selfishly, persistently and blindly ment — to facilitate double-rooted where members of urbanising fami- committed to profiteering, extractive forms of social reproduction. lies expect to retire and die, and forms of capitalism, drug trafficking By approaching the xenophobic where they hope their children will and moral degeneration, all of which violence from the perspective of go to come of age, get married and, makes them marginal, dangerous social reproduction, a better under- Stop electoral violence eventually, return to live. figures in the township and the city standing of some of its peculiar The practice of remaining con- landscape, disturbing established social dynamics can be reached, such nected to the “old nation”, the ances- notions of shared poverty and sur- as the fact that many of the attacks Anastancio Matavele, a Mozambican election observer, was gunned down by tral landscapes of home and older vival among South Africans at the are led by men with strong rural police in Xai-Xai city on Monday. The news was tragic but — perhaps more family identities and cultural values, urban margins. connections, including the residents tragic still — it came as no surprise, given the escalation in tensions in the remains significant today precisely of hostels; the fact that women are country ahead of the vote on October 15. because the current generation is dding fuel to the fire, the relatively distanced from the vio- There have been near daily reports of incidents of harassment and intimi- caught up in the swirling tide of African immigrants, who lence; the fact that the violence and dation, committed mostly — but certainly not exclusively — by members uncertain urbanisation and social Aare constantly visible in pillaging is focused most intensely of the ruling party. As the election nears, the likelihood is that this febrile dislocation. In fact, as the post-apart- the country’s informal on immigrants from other African atmosphere will only get worse. heid democratic order falters and the settlements and townships, may countries rather than those from The chances of conducting a free and fair election in this environment are promise of a “better” life slips away even establish family and sexual rela- East Asia, or white people. slim, especially given the concerns raised about 300 000 “ghost voters” on into disillusionment and anger, nos- tionships with domestic residents, From a cultural perspective, the the electoral roll, and the continued difficulties faced by election observers in talgia builds and images of rural res- threatening the monopoly on virtue violence of “washing” is generally obtaining accreditation. toration resurface. claimed by local “sons of the soil”. not about exclusion as much as it is Equally tragic are the numerous deaths related to the campaign, including In the former homelands, one The threat posed by the “foreigners” about “disciplining” or “correcting”. a stampede at a rally for President Filipe Nyusi, in which 10 people died, and hears more and more people say is not only a material one connected Black South Africans in the town- multiple road accidents involving ruling party supporters travelling to cam- that things were “better” under to poverty and jobs. In a context in ships do not generally hold the view paign events. The latter accidents are related to the practice of bussing in sup- the puppet leaders installed under which the political and cultural lega- that African nationals have no right porters, sometimes from many kilometres away, to fill up stadiums. apartheid: Lucas Mangope, Kaiser cies of migrant labour persist, amak- to be there. Their concern rather is It is no wonder, however, that Mozambican leaders think that they can Matanzima and Lennox Sebe. werekwere (a derogatory name for about appropriate forms of behav- get away with these abuses — of both the deliberate and accidental variety. These former homeland leaders foreign Africans) are often perceived iour and respect, stemming from a Over successive election cycles in multiple countries, the Southern African are remembered now because they more as a threat to national and eth- long history of migrant labour and Development Community has shown itself unwilling to grapple meaningfully did something “at home”, in places nic social reproduction. the social construction of ethnicity in with problems that undermine the integrity of elections. This has created a that matter to people, and did not Twenty-five years ago, Zulu South Africa. culture of impunity, where politicians can and do get away with repressing cast their subjects out to endure the migrants stormed out of hostels on opposition and manipulating results. soulless modernity and de-cultured the East Rand to fight the ANC and Leslie Bank is a deputy executive But it is never too late to speak up. urbanity that came to stalk the land. Xhosa migrants ostensibly to defend director at the Human Sciences With less than a week to go, now is the time for regional leaders to tell their The hopeful idea is that the new the and their Research Council and a professor Mozambican counterparts that violence in all forms cannot be a feature of nation, zwelitsha in Xhosa, seems to Zulu ethnicity. Today, they take to the of social anthropology at Walter elections, and that electoral irregularities will not be accepted by the regional have lost purchase because too many streets, not to beat their fellow South Sisulu University. This article is community. have lost contact with the old nation. Africans, but to chase away foreign- based on his new book, a co-edited This seems inexcusable for a country ers. These men have no interest in volume, Migrant Labour After M&G Media Ltd that is so embedded in the cultural running shoe or clothing stores on Apartheid: The Inside Story * Mail & Guardian October 11 to 17 2019 27 Comment & Analysis VERBATIM

“I am extremely concerned Othat despite the very signifi - cant progress we have made to change the demographics in our universities we, however, still have some way to go. The gender and profi le of our senior and research personnel still require signifi cant changes.” — Science and Technol- ogy Minister Blade Nzimande speak- ing at Universities South Africa’s conference on transformation.

“President [Muhammadu] OBuhari and I both fi rmly believe that the prosperity and stability of our two nations, and all other countries on the continent, requires that SA and Nigeria have strong relations at an economic, trade, social, political, diplomatic and people-to-people level.” — President Cyril Ramaphosa writing in his weekly newsletter on the importance of promoting economic integration on the African continent.

”Despite the White House’s Ostonewalling, we see a grow- ing body of evidence that shows that President [Donald] Trump abused his offi ce and violated his oath to ‘protect, preserve and de- fend the Constitution’.” — Speaker Nancy Pelosi responding to the White House’s failure to co-operate in the impeachment inquiry. Carlos is on leave. This is a previously published cartoon “2015 was a win for the vet- Oerans and for the project of women’s football. 2019 was a big- ger win just for women in general. I think we stood for so much more, so I think it was just great to see that we took a risk on ourselves Timmy’s copped it – or so I thought – we bet on ourselves and that paid off .” — United States women’s football forward Alex Morgan. Instead, it’s Mama, the from that, little appeared to have been done by the police to clean “We must disabuse ourselves former Durban mayor house when it came to crime intelli- Oof the polemic to pit renewa- who may have been gence. That was that, until the mat- bles against coal and nuclear, ter ended up being ventilated at the and vice versa. We should exploit wading through the Zondo commission into state cap- our vast coal deposits through solid waste tender, the ture a couple of weeks ago — at least technological innovation.” — Min- partly, with evidence about the loot- eral Resources and Energy Minister Hawks are visiting ing of the crime intelligence informer Gwede Mantashe at the wind energy fund by Mdluli and his muckers. conference in Cape Town. Perhaps Timmy’s chickens have Paddy Harper fi nally come home to roost. Perhaps. The mobile goes again. It’s a con- YEARS tact of mine, with some information AGO hursday. about the raid. It’s still dark when the Navin’s right, but he’s wrong. The mobile starts blowing Hawks and the AFU are hitting Reported incidents of child abuse Tup. I’m already halfway one of the tenants in Timmy’s com- and rape have increased dramati- through the day’s first Case: Former eThekwini mayor Zandile Gumede was not home when plex, former Durban mayor Zandile cally since the April election. coff ee, though. The gale that’s been assets apparently linked to fraud were seized. Photo: Wikus De Wet/AFP Gumede. The Hawks are looking for MEC for Safety and Security howling overnight and the whining Mama, who it appears is no longer Jessie Duarte said this week that of Catastrophe, my deaf, geriatric cat, Park. Timmy’s an interesting guy. The find it — Marimuthu and a whole using the premises, and about 16 incidents of child abuse and rape put paid to any plans for a lie-in till Jali commission into corruption in mob of his family members were ille- other people. They’re busy seiz- in the PWV region had increased sunup. the correctional services department gally on the crime intelligence pay- ing assets and cash valued at about by 40 percent since the election. The truth is I was already half heard evidence that Timmy didn’t roll as operatives and were chowing R250-million around the city after Police statistics show that in awake when Catastrophe started actually spend time in prison when he merrily, along with the families of getting a high court preservation the fi rst eight months of the year, demanding breakfast. She turned was sentenced for dealing in mandrax top crime intelligence generals. order against Mama and her co- 13 508 cases were reported, com- up at my back door a couple of days in the early 1990s. Radebe had failed to act on the accused in the case, in which Durban pared to 16 809 for the whole of after photographer Peter McKenzie Nice. report, so it ended up with me, Solid Waste was scammed for well last year. The Child Emergency died. She’s been there since, despite Navin’s run into the Hawks raiding which is a bit of a hoot, given my over R200-million. Service has found its calls rising the ban on pets in the building. party while fi lling up at the garage in history with the police. Be that Mama is in the dwang, but from 62 000 a month to 72 000 — One never knows. the complex. He’s convinced that the as it may, I ended up at Timmy’s Marimuthu seems to be in the clear. about 2 500 every day. The fi rst message is from my bra, Hawks are hitting Timmy’s house. complex at Somerset Park, and his Again. Timmy’s chickens, it appears, Child protection organisa- Navin. The Hawks and the Asset My head starts racing. church, and at then-police minister are still roosting elsewhere. tions say more cases are being Forfeiture Unit (AFU) are raid- Back in 2012 a report on alleged Nathi Mthethwa’s family house at Gumede had given Somerset Park reported because of campaigns ing a luxury complex in Umhlanga corruption by crime intelligence to KwaMthethwa, where a wall was as her address when she got bail after at schools, churches and public Ridge near his house. The complex the then inspector general of intelli- built with the slush fund, and, we are being arrested on corruption charges meetings to encourage children — there’s a garage and supermar- gence, Faith Radebe, by some police told, without Mthethwa’s knowledge. in May. Mama has another home at to talk about their experiences. ket and some other shops as well — generals landed on my desk at the The report even took photographer eTafl eni, a big palace of a place, with Soweto Child Protection Unit was built by Timmy Marimuthu. He place where I was working. Khaya Ngwenya and myself to Black lots of stainless steel and tile and a representative Sergeant Susan is a convicted drug dealer turned According to the report — I still Rock, the camp at Lake St Lucia used magnifi cent view of the Inanda valley. Seboledisho said the unit had businessman who has been heav- have a copy somewhere, but I can’t by the apartheid-era Vlakplaas death We were at eTafleni a couple of recorded a rise in the number of ily implicated in the looting of the squads for interrogations, murders months back, shooting pictures for a cases reported when it started South African Police Services crime and braais. The crime intelligence story that hasn’t materialised yet. It creating awareness about abuse. intelligence slush fund. And in what brass and their friends had taken did appear a bit weird that the mayor Masechaba Mabaso, of Women appeared to be an attempt to shake They’re busy seizing over the facility and were using it for would be renting a house from a con- against Violence, said: “In down Oupa Magashula, the former parties and fi shing trips. Nobody was victed drug dealer and alleged bene- Soweto we have noted how seri- head of the South African Revenue assets and cash home when we popped in, which was fi ciary of state capture, when she had ous this problem has become. Service, which cost the former tax- valued at about a pity, but fortunate, I suppose. such a lovely spot to stay in. We have decided to sign peti- man his job. A series of stories were published. Then again, this is Durban, Mama tions.” — The Weekly Mail & These days Marimuthu is very heav- R250-million Crime intelligence head Richard is Mama and money is, of course, Guardian, October 7 to 13 1994 ily involved in a church in Greenwood around the city Mdluli got fi red — briefl y —but apart money. 28 Mail & Guardian October 11 to 17 2019 Comment & Analysis No African is a foreigner in Africa –

In sorrow over the way migrants are treated in South Africa, Achille Mbembe calls for Africa to adopt a pro-migration stance, phase out colonial borders and become ‘a vast space of circulation’

e must name our land one belongs to and which, in times in a way turn, belongs to one. “Home affairs” that leaves us with were affairs of co-belonging and Wa small window reciprocal ownership, which is not of hope, the hope the same thing as “private posses- that not all is lost. Seasons, just like sion”. In the narratives I grew up lis- tides, come and go, never exactly tening to, to be the owner of the land the same each time. In this inces- meant to take care of that land and to sant movement, life keeps unfolding, care for all who inhabited it, humans while something remains, which it and non-humans. Ownership had a is our task to decipher and to reani- double meaning. It was about caring mate. I see my task tonight as that of and caretaking, taking care in mem- reanimation. ory of those who came before and But let me be clear. As far as South on behalf of those who were still to Africa’s place in Africa’s imagina- come. We were neither subjects nor tion (or for that matter in global citizens, but custodians. imagination) is concerned, a lot has Priceless, incalculable and unquan- been squandered. It is not only the tifiable things could not be the object world’s goodwill that has been squan- of private possession. They could dered. South Africa may have needed only be the subject of care and care- Africa’s support and international taking. Home was the land or, more solidarity in the midnight of apart- precisely, the piece of ground, the heid. Nowadays, many profess to not abode supposed to protect the body, care any longer. the earth every person or being Rights: Johannesburg mayor Herman Mashaba (above) argues that influx of undocumented foreigners puts So much having been so carelessly hoped to return to once their jour- pressure on resources such as health and housing that are for the city’s residents. People who submit applications lost in a relatively short time — things ney had reached its final destina- to the home affairs department (below) wait for months for permits. Photos: Marco Longari/AFP and Madelene Cronjé priceless, to which no quantifiable tion, in a grand gesture of share (as value can be attached — anger and opposed to appropriation) and cos- rage have become endemic. Speech mic reciprocity. is at risk of being silenced, so great is the disappointment. Where speech is The right to inhabit the Earth crippled, the will to hurt and to take In South Africa’s public mind, the revenge reigns supreme. Maybe this term “foreign nationals” is a euphe- is what many call “populism”. All mism, a supposedly polite way to over the world, the desire to inflict designate those who do not belong, as much brutality as possible on the those black Africans whose home is weakest among us seems to be irre- elsewhere, some of whom are now pressible. In such circumstances, the requested to go back where they only thing many are left with is the came from. power to testify. Not to belong does not only mean Ruth First was a scholar and an to not have been born here. Not to activist. More importantly, she was a belong does not only mean to have witness of her own times. She under- no fundamental right to be here as a stood that the duty of the witness is result of not having been born here. to testify. It also means to have no right to die Strictly speaking, a testimony is here and to be buried here because not an indictment. It is nevertheless being buried here, in the deepest of a powerful way of settling accounts. African traditions, entitles one to In old African traditions of thought, a piece of the earth to contain one’s a testimony is a speech delivered on remains, that is, to engender a poten- behalf of truth, in the hope that truth tial genealogy. will lead to justice and justice to resti- In South Africa’s public mind, tution, redress and reparation. “foreign nationals” are mostly black We have long believed that of all people from the rest of Africa and, figures of human speech, reason was eventually, from the various African the most appropriate in any quest diasporas in the world. From a South eigner in South Africa — or anywhere people into rigid patterns of mobil- Black South Africans were subjected for truth, justice and reparation. We African perspective, what char- else on this continent. ity. It invented one of the most brutal to and black immigra- now live in an age when reason itself acterises African “foreign nation- I am therefore not talking about migrant labour systems the world has tion from surrounding states could is on trial. This is particularly the case als” is their blackness and the fact the brute fact of the law, or the dose known beside slavery. It partitioned enter through the “b(l)ack door”. regarding matters pertaining to the that, Nigeria notwithstanding, they of arbitrariness already built into space and divided it into fragments, Nominally, “blacks from here” and presence of African migrants in our enjoy no protection from a powerful any manifestation of the law. I am peppered it with enclaves, zones of “blacks from elsewhere” were but midst. Reason, memory or facts no state. Nobody will be held responsi- talking about something beyond the affluence and zones of abandonment, “temporary visitors”. longer matter. They should. ble for the hurt and nobody will be prosaics of the law, something foun- reserves and corridors, buffer terri- In relation to “blacks from else- obliged to account. Were they to be dational that refers to our common tories and , all under the where”, South Africa’s post-apartheid I wasn’t born here killed during one of those cyclical right to inhabit this Earth, to share it, sign of race and ethnicity. immigration machinery has read- I wasn’t born here, but I have spent Afrophobic attacks we have become to take care of it, and to repair it as If this machinery has been partially justed its aims. Work having almost most of my adult life in South Africa. accustomed to, their death would be a condition of its durability as well as dismantled, its habitus has remained disappeared (especially in the mines), I will probably die here, and this is tantamount to pure loss. ours, the human race and other living alive. It involves a capacity to arrest, the logic of capture (of the labour where my ashes will be scattered. I do not believe that any African, or beings. detain, deport or forcibly remove force) is no longer the main pursuit. I grew up in Cameroon in the fear for that matter any person of African unauthorised entrants unmatched It has been superseded by the logic that I would die young, but with the descent, is a foreigner in Africa, the Black racism by any other state in Africa. For its of temporariness. “Blacks from else- deep conviction that I would never existence of 54 nominally sovereign Obviously, many in South Africa operation, it requires the production where” cannot and should not aspire die abroad. In those years, to die territorial states notwithstanding. today do not share these views. of violence as well as disastrous and to permanent settlement in South abroad meant to die in a foreign land. In making this statement, I do not Such is the case of the mayor of emotionally traumatic experiences. Africa. Constitutionally, South Africa It was understood that to die away mean to disrespect our current states Johannesburg. When he speaks of Today, many black “foreign nation- cannot become their home both by from home was the biggest misfor- and governments, the only such enti- Africa, it is as if it is a foreign body, als” are at the receiving end of this virtue of their not being from here. tune to befall any person. One thing ties recognised in international law. a burden. Africa is neither an idea, violence originally designed to disci- As Frantz Fanon foresaw, South was to die abroad, another was to be I recognise to those states the full nor a project but a mortal threat. If pline and to domesticate black South African forms of black nationalism buried away from home. To be buried right to decide whom they want to the borders were shut South Africa Africans. This is a fact. are morphing into virulent forms away from home meant to have been let inside their borders and whom would lose 26% of its total exports. The second fact is that South of black-on-black racism. An ethno- turned into a foreigner. they want to keep out. The Republic This is the equivalent of $25-billion. African immigration policy has only racial project, this new form of black I always thought I would be buried of South Africa can decide tomorrow Of almost all African states, South been partially deracialised. During nationalism seeks to secede from in my country, so deeply convinced I morning to deport me. Were this to Africa has the best record in terms the apartheid era, the country pro- Africa and its diasporas. It has forged was that Cameroon was my home. In happen, there is not much I would of immigration enforcement and moted a “two-doors” immigration for itself two enemies, an enemy it truth, many of us in the world today be able to do about it. But forcing me control capacity. After all, the South system. People coming from histori- fears and envies (whiteness or white no longer know where home is. out of South Africa would not stop African state was founded on the cally white and European countries monopoly capital) and another it We were taught that “home” is the me from believing that I am not a for- capacity to ruthlessly coerce black could enter from the “front door”. loathes and despises (black people Mail & Guardian October 11 to 17 2019 29 News except down in South Africa

African to apply for citizenship has and always precarious politics of been increased. In terms of the 2011 power. For power to mean anything Immigration Amendment Act, eli- at all — and for it to endure — it has gibility for a business visa requires to rest on firm moral foundations. applicants to commit a R5-million minimum investment to the South Towards a borderless Africa African economy. This is five times We need to gradually phase out the the amount required in Singapore. borders we inherited from the colo- Until very recently, African stu- nial era. We need to turn this conti- dents had to pay a repatriation nent into a vast space of circulation, deposit. The clause that says the into its own centre. Refugee Act must be applied with due In 1963, the OAU embraced the regard to the Organisation of African principle of the intangibility of colo- Unity (OAU) Convention and United nial borders. The time has come to Nations Convention and Protocol unfreeze the borders. This, I call having been repealed. Asylum- “deborderisation”. seekers are no longer treated as refu- A key, transitional step towards gees until their status is determined. a borderless Africa consists in the South Africa is not only at pain to adoption by all African states of apro- define what her Africanity consists migration stance in our own con- of. The country is in the throes of a tinent. Decolonisation will only be virulent form of neo-nationalism. achieved with the conquest, by every This repressive and isolationist trend single African or person of African is supposed to culminate with the descent, of the fundamental right to establishment of the border manage- move freely in the continent of our ment authority. ancestors. To be able to move freely, In a piece published on October 2 unshackled and to settle without by the Daily Maverick (“Xenophobic having to justify ourselves and our attacks: Equivocation by South humanity, without being harassed Africa is a silent nod of approval”), and asked to go back where we came Blame: South Africans, including men from hostels, targeted foreigners when violence broke out last month in former Nigerian president Olusegun from. Jo’burg suburbs such as Jeppestown (above) and townships, including Meadowlands (below). Vehicles were Obasanjo recalls Nigeria’s contribu- This is why I am calling for a mora- set on fire and shops were looted and burned down. Photos: Fredrik Lerneryd and Gustav Butlex tion “to the struggle against colonial- torium on deportations in our con- ism in southern Africa and apartheid tinent. Let’s give ourselves a decade in South Africa”. It was, he says, “our during which, as a continent, we obligatory duty to do so as Africans”. embark on a project of border man- “We, as black people, believed and agement for continental integration. still believe that we would be sec- We do not have to close existing ond-class citizens in the world if we borders. We need to invest in their allowed any black people anywhere modernisation as a necessary step in the world, not to talk of Africa, to towards decommissioning them. be treated as second-class citizens What we need to do is to set up sys- because of the colour of their skin.” tems and technologies and nurture Obasanjo is right and early South competence to better govern human African pan-Africanists understood mobility in our continent. this well. Our citizenship in the world This involves prioritising e-permits, is inseparable from our citizenship one-stop border posts as a way of at home, in Africa. In the history of facilitating trade and the swift move- modern times, it has not been evident ment of goods, adopting biometric to all that we, Africans, belonged to systems, of electronic single-window the world. For centuries, the struggle customs clearance systems, the use of of people of Africa and of African ori- scanners and efficient vehicles. gins has been to make sure that the It involves the implementation of destiny of Africa in the world would visa waivers, the streamlining of pro- squarely fall in our own hands. For cesses for those wanting to do busi- our sake, but also for the sake of the ness in our respective regions and the human race at large, because our fate granting of visas at arrival. is inseparable from the fate of all oth- Let us open a decade during which ers, what Edouard Glissant called “le we will rekindle the old dream of Tout Monde”. an African nationality by granting It is therefore with the utmost sor- citizenship and other forms of natu- row that we witness the treatment ralisation to those who qualify for it from elsewhere). It believes that xen- Since 1994, successive govern- are now its main targets. It is against meted out to black people from else- and by extending to each other and to ophobia will create jobs, bring down ments have revised, amended and them that the “spirit of violence” where — or for that matter, any other people of African descent worldwide crime and turn South Africa into an tightened immigration laws. Key that underpinned forced removals, migrants — in South Africa. I must what the Ghanaian Constitution calls Eden on Earth. It has internalised attempts to reform the migration policy and the general speak about Africans at the lower end the right of abode. white racism and has weaponised it regime have thus taken place. They disenfranchisement of black South of the chain of vulnerability because I will now end. against black non-citizens through include the 1998 Refugees Act, the Africans has been redirected. they are the most loathed, the most We need to reach a point in our the vicious use of state apparatuses. 2002 Immigration Act, the 2011 As far as refugees are concerned, despised, the most exposed. Africans history on Earth when no African or If yesterday the role of state appa- Immigration Amendment Act and various amendments have reduced to and people of African descent are person of African descent will again ratuses was to capture black bodies Refugees Amendment Act, the 2016 the minimal what they can expect. In ridiculed whenever they remind us be subjected to deportation, when no for purposes of labour extraction, Immigration Amendment Act, the the current dispensation, their per- of their humble contribution to the African or person of African descent today the targets are black non-citi- 2017 Refugees Amendment Act to mits as asylum-seekers are forcefully struggle against apartheid. will be forced to flee, to wage his or zen bodies, the new cogs in the vast which should be added the 2016 rescinded if they are not renewed 90 Many, including in the ANC, nowa- her life trying to cross mountains, machinery of deportation South Border Management Authority days after expiration. Their right to days only speak in the language of deserts, rivers and seas, on the way to Africa has built since 1994. In relation Bill and the 2017 White Paper on work has been limited to certain cat- “national security” and “national places where they are not welcomed to “blacks from elsewhere”, the over- International Migration. egories only. Those found in posses- interests”. They claim that they owe or is likely to be severely mistreated, riding imperative underlying each These attempts have resulted sion of an expired asylum-seeker visa Africa nothing. They are convinced his or her body and soul brutalised, major attempt at rewriting immigra- in South Africa deporting “more are fined or imprisoned for up to five that Africa is a liability and South and his or her face covered in shame tion laws has been to keep so-called people per capita than several years. The time after which they can Africa owes no debt to our continent. and humiliation. unskilled blacks from elsewhere out. OECD [Organisation for Economic apply for permanent residence has Yet, as Obasanjo puts it, “we were Once and for all, let’s bring that age This is what is called “undocumented, Co-operation and Development] been extended from five to 10 years. not doing it for reward or material of shame to an end. irregular or low-skilled migration”. states”. Such high levels of deporta- Officially, South Africa is in need benefit. We did it because we were May South Africa, the youngest and tion have been made possible thanks of “skilled migrants”. In fact, the convinced that it was our duty, our oldest daughter of our continent, take to the fact that South Africa polices number of quota permits has been responsibility and our obligation to the lead in this final push for our col- the immigration of black African reduced since 2004. Work permit humanity and to the black race.” lective liberation. For power to mean foreigners the way it used to police policy has been adjusted to apply I will not be talking about “the anything at all — black South Africans under apart- to people of a specific profession, black race”. But I know one thing. This is an edited version of the heid — through a combination of category or class. Temporary resi- There is no country on Earth that speech delivered by Achille Mbembe, and for it to race profiling and spatial profiling. dence permits have been redefined has no obligation to humanity. South professor in history and politics at endure — it has Race profiling as such may no longer as “visas”. The appeal window for Africa will squander everything if, the University of the Witwatersrand, to rest on firm apply to black South Africans. At the residence permits has been reduced instead of consciously and dutifully at this year’s Ruth First Memorial lower end of the long chain of vulner- from 20 to 10 days. The length of time fulfilling its obligation to humanity, Lecture on October 3. It was first moral foundations ability, black people from elsewhere a person must be married to a South it chooses to put its faith in the sheer published by New Frame 30 Mail & Guardian October 11 to 17 2019 Education Technology not the elixir of education

The fourth industrial for ongoing learning towards improv- ing their own futures as well as the revolution brings futures of others. If education can opportunities but sustain its work towards this one core goal, we may be able to hold our own also challenges for in this fast changing and somewhat young teachers and threatening world. As always, there are a few caution- teacher educators ary comments. Will technologically able young COMMENT teachers be in a position to con- Maureen Robinson tribute to the systemic problems of our country, whether this be youth ll around the world, unemployment, climate change or including in South any other of the challenges we face? Africa, one hears peo- Will the fourth industrial revolu- Aple talking about the tion help this situation or make it fourth industrial rev- worse? One must guard against see- olution (4IR). Some talk with enthu- ing technology as the panacea for our siasm, others with anxiety. But what problems, and remember that it may does this mean for young teachers — and sometimes does — create new embarking on employment? What problems. are the implications for their prepa- In many countries, as in South ration as teachers, as society looks at Africa, many children do not have them to adapt their teaching meth- access to the basic infrastructure of ods to new technologies, and to pre- classrooms, toilets, libraries and sci- pare their learners for the future? ence laboratories. Many teachers Education as a field has always work in poor conditions. Let us hope been known to be slow to change. In that politicians and technocrats do some instances, this might be justi- not leapfrog into a 4IR world before fi ed, in that there are some enduring addressing the improvement of these values that pertain to the goals of Graphic: JOHN McCANN working conditions. Let’s ensure that education. So, in the context of the the hype around the fourth indus- fundamental societal changes sug- these in the context of the fourth ment. If one reads about the kinds impart the relevant knowledge and trial revolution does not sideline gested by the fourth industrial revo- industrial revolution? of skills, competencies and attitudes, skills? It seems that there will need other important debates about edu- lution, and in particular on World At the most obvious level of the let alone knowledge, that are being to be a huge upskilling of educators, cation, linked to topics that promote Teachers’ Day (October 5), we need need to adapt is the challenge of new expected, it is quite overwhelming. something that requires substan- social justice, ethical agency, democ- to ask: What must and should teach- subject content. Almost overnight we To list a few of these: innovation, tial human, technical and fi nancial racy and the like. ing hold on to, and what must and are hearing about coding and robot- information literacy, being curious, resources. Careful organisation and So, what does this mean for young should teaching do diff erently? ics being introduced into the school critical, analytic, working in inter- planning for the context is also cru- teachers? Exciting times indeed, for A helpful framework for how we curriculum. To quote President Cyril disciplinary ways, teamwork and cial, so that one does not hear sto- there is not only the immediate and understand teaching is provided by Ramaphosa at the inaugural Digital cognitive fl exibility. These skills and ries about tablets being donated to personal prospect of fi nding fulfi lling the curriculum framework devel- Economy Summit on July 5: “As I competencies cross human and tech- schools and not being used, or teach- employment, but also the broader oped by colleagues at the Centre for undertook in the State of the Nation nological domains and in themselves ers being asked to bring their smart- and long-term responsibility to Curriculum Redesign in Boston in address, we are introducing subjects require particular forms of pedagogy. phones to workshops, when they provide leadership in this complex the United States. They highlight such as coding and data analytics The digital age (or the third indus- don’t have smartphones. conversation. four core dimensions of what needs at a primary school level to prepare trial revolution) has already created One also needs to remember that to be taught, whatever the histori- our young people for the jobs of the new vistas for young teachers, as the bells, whistles and keyboards of Maureen Robinson is a professor in cal or geographical contexts. These future.” landscapes open through the World technology do not always make for the department of curriculum stud- dimensions are: How many professors of education Wide Web, collaboration is pro- an eff ective learning environment. So ies at Stellenbosch University. O Knowledge (what we know and today can tell one in any detail what moted through social networks, and this is where teacher education might An earlier version of this article understand); coding and robotics means, let alone new forms of literacy emerge. This — and rightfully so — be accused of was presented as a response to O Skills (how we use knowledge); teach about this? This is a humbling in itself, even before we reach fourth still being conservative. Yes, young the keynote address by Professor O Character (how we behave and experience for those who have been industrial revolution, is leaving teachers must be prepared for a new Sarah Gravett, Toward Reimagining interact with the world); and in education for many years. many teachers and teacher educators technological world, but they also Teacher Education for an Increas- O Meta-learning (how we reflect The notion of new jobs being cre- behind. need to be excellent educators in the ingly Complex and Fast-changing and adapt). ated and old jobs changing creates What challenges will this bring traditional sense of the word — able World, at the conference of the These are enduring features of edu- huge challenges for those who will for teachers or teacher educators to organise learning in systematic International Council on Education cation, but how should we consider prepare others for gainful employ- who may themselves not be ready to ways, and to motivate young people for Teaching, July 2019

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Are universities pathologising student issues?

Conventional therapy is relied on when social and peer-to-peer interventions may be the answer

COMMENT understanding of broader options in Linda Eskell Blokland their areas of interest. Do we use these foundation pro- niversities may over- grammes to really prepare students medicalise the usual for the independent studies lying emotions of young ahead of them? Or do we rather Uadults without always tightly hold their hands while focus- understanding a social ing on getting them through? component, argues Steve West, Razia Mayet, (“Supporting At-Risk chair of the working group Univer- Learners at a Comprehensive sities UK: Mental Health and Well- University in South Africa”, Journal being in Higher Education. This, he of Student Af fairs in Africa) reminds suggests, may render more harm us that the apartheid legacy, as well than good. as ongoing economic inequalities, Emotions such as loneliness, a and continuing problems in the common experience for students schooling systems promote student Graphic: JOHN McCANN entering university often far from unpreparedness. home, may be pathologised. Other In the same journal, Mpho Jama usual emotions include exam stress, points out in his article “Academic social interactions, understanding problems. At least 17% suff ered from load? Should it be the department particularly true where many people Guidance for Undergraduate others and self, making judgments depression, 4.1% had panic disorder, of health, parents or university enter tertiary institutions directly Students in a South African Medical and impulse control is still being 7% had generalised anxiety, 6.3% had administrators? from schools where independent School: Can we guide them all?” fi nely-tuned. suicidal ideation and 15.3% reported The responsibility is likely to lie thinking and learning has not been a that students’ socioeconomic back- Neuropsychological researcher non-suicidal self-injury. shared across many shoulders. strong focus. ground and harsh present realities Sarah-Jayne Blakemore and develop- In South Africa, research from 2013 Corporates could take closer involve- Simply extending conventional may negatively aff ect academic per- mental psychologist Uta Frith’s work by the has ment in students earmarked for bur- mental healthcare services may not formance. In turn, “poor academic on the developing brain of the ado- suggested that up to 12% of students saries and professional roles. The be the most eff ective way to manage performance can lead to an array of lescent (The Learning Brain: Lessons experience anything from moderate divide between secondary and ter- the challenges universities are facing. other social and psychological prob- for Education) indicates that they are to severe symptoms of depression tiary education levels can be reduced Further, many interventions are not lems, such as the withdrawal of bur- highly sensitive to reward-seeking and 15% report moderate to severe through co-operative attention to well researched nor yet shown to be saries” and other ensuing psychologi- behaviour, with poor impulse con- symptoms of anxiety. This same school curricula. eff ective. Some of the more “normal” cal problems. trol. Students have to negotiate a study found 24.5% of a large sample Another problem is that interven- yet distressing emotions, such as Do our study programmes inte- number of potentially tricky transi- of South African students reported tions at universities still predomi- loneliness, may be better addressed grate valuable life skills? Why are tions. When most start university some form of suicidal ideation in nantly rely on traditional approaches through social connections. they often separated out and left to they have entered young adulthood. the two weeks before they were to psychotherapy. This is mainly be caught up in modules and learn- Often they are dealing with changes interviewed. one-on-one counselling. This is not Social context ing environments fragmented from in family and peer relationships. Even in high income countries suitable for all students. Researchers Many South African students ema- their applications? Some leave home and enter a new there is a signifi cant mental health in Germany, the Netherlands and nate from a context of poverty, edu- social context with an increased treatment gap. It is estimated that Canada have developed a number of cational disadvantage, poor social Developmental stage opportunity for risky behaviour such about 24% of students in high internet based and e-interventions support, and yet have great expecta- An analysis last year by the BBC of 83 as substance misuse. income countries receive the care that could help students address tions to fi ll. Many are fi rst time uni- universities in the The stress of dealing with the tran- they require. In low and middle problems. But these interventions versity students in their extended stated that research indicated a sitions may contribute to poor psy- income countries between 8% and still need to be tested in South Africa. families. Language and culture pre- 50% rise in mental health service chological functioning and precipi- 11% of students receive psychological In the UK, information and self- sent problems. Distractions abound. demands at universities over the past tate symptoms of psychopathology. care. help tools such as websites Mind; Pressure to perform at universities fi ve years. Some students are leaving home Time to Change; and Rethink Mental increases because good marks count University life is challenging Prevalence and demand for the first time, leaving behind Illness provide some alternatives to for residence admission, bursaries, because it breaks from an earlier It is always challenging to fi nd accu- support structures and neglecting addressing the problem. re-admission into programmes and developmental stage and, despite all rate reporting on mental health prev- to take care of themselves properly. Possibilities to draw on in order admission into higher postgraduate the life orientation that goes on at alence. Healthcare professionals may This could include overindulging to address mental health challenges programmes. schools, young people seem ill-pre- fi nd themselves over-diagnosing in a in alcohol and drugs, failing to eat include a more stepped approach The 2017 Student Confi dence Index pared for independent life. This may university context. This may be det- a balanced diet, or taking too little to help students, peer support sys- survey conducted by the Professional not be surprising because learning rimental to the young person in the exercise. tems, more online or cellphone Provident Society revealed that less about life seldom is eff ective when long run. The reading of statistics on Social media also plays a role in based interventions or preventative than 50% felt prepared for the tran- done out of a book. mental health issues at tertiary insti- fuelling mental health issues. Apart programmes. sition from school to tertiary institu- Much can be achieved through tutions should bear this in mind. from possible bullying and the com- The University of Pretoria has tions. The question can be asked how resilience building. Helping young The rise in the demand for mental petitive environment established by developed a number of programmes that statistic links to the 48% of uni- people to discover, mobilise and health services is a global phenom- social media, there is also the easy to move towards this approach. The versity students who do not complete develop their inner resources can enon. A study in the United States in and constant access to pornography #UPliftUP provides peer-to-peer their degrees, according to a 2015 deliver life-long skills for managing 2017, conducted at 26 university cam- and gambling. support in groups monitored by report by the department of higher commonplace human emotions. puses, showed that students experi- In addition, the greater awareness the South African Depression and education. Nonetheless, “real” psychopathol- ence a wide range of mental health about mental health issues might Anxiety Group. A daily screening and Universities accept students who ogy or psychiatric conditions often make some students more comfort- emergency intake process attempts they know are not university ready emerge in this developmental phase able to ask for help. Academic staff to capture crises as they arise. Mental because they understand that the and this does need medical treat- are also more likely to refer students health professionals are based at school system is struggling. To ment: psychotherapy and prescrip- Helping young people to the counselling units. each of the fi ve campuses. facilitate the transition to university tion drugs. to develop inner standards, various types of founda- This developmental period is typi- Who is responsible? Dr Linda Eskell Blokland is clinical tion and assistance programmes are cally associated with psychological resources can deliver The responsibility seems to fall on psychologist and academic. She is a then generated. Come graduation and social challenges. During this life-long skills for tertiary institutions, possibly dis- founder of the Itsoseng Community time, some students have made up phase, the part of the brain that managing common tracting from the core business. Psychology Clinic in Mamelodi, the gap‚ but many others have had a plays a vital role in activities such Are there partners in society who which falls under the University disillusioning experience and a poor as decision-making and planning, human emotions can help shoulder this important of Pretoria 32 Mail & Guardian October 11 to 17 2019 World Food Day

Woolworths works with EduPlant and Food & Trees for Africa to supplement school feeding programmes and help learners to gain access to regular nutrition. Photo: Courtesy of Woolworths Where does all the food (waste) go?

Tehilia Niselow organic fertilisers, as the alternative to chem- Woolworths places sustainability at its core ical fertiliser. Others make use of chicken fae- rance became the first country in with its Good Business Journey ces as manure. the world to ban food waste by Aside from helping with nutrition and supermarkets, in 2016. According to learning agricultural skills, Mgolodela says Flegislation, retailers are duty bound that running a school garden provide a living to donate extra food to charities or laboratory to various subjects such as biol- food banks. ogy, science and even comprehension, as they It is illegal for French supermarkets to are able to write about real lived experiences. spoil food past its sell-by date by using bleach Woolworths also works to improve skills in or other chemicals, as a rising number of agriculture, sorely needed by emerging farm- people dig through bins at night scrounging ers. Mgolodela says that in another partner- for some form of nutrition. ship programme young women are trained to Back home, the levels of hunger and food become a major asset as skilled agricultural insecurity are staggering. In 2017, 6.8 mil- staff for emerging farmers. lion South Africans still experience hun- ger. According to Statistics South Africa Farming for the future this is down from 13.5 million in 2002, and Corporates and governments are increas- the reduction is largely due to the rollout of ingly coming under pressure to mitigate social grants. Reflecting the huge inequali- against climate change. An estimated two ties in society, the country is deemed food to four million people, largely led by teenag- secure at a national level, while almost 20% ers, marched in cities around the world on of households had inadequate access to food September 20, demanding action against in 2017. shifting weather patterns. Woolworths Director of Corporate Affairs Mgolodela says that Woolworths’ Farming Zinzi Mgolodela says that food security is for the Future initiative encourages farm- far broader than just access to food, it is also ers to farm responsibly using a scientific touches on many other aspects such as nutri- approach. A dedicated team audits their sup- tion and waste management. “Corporates pliers and the frequency of these checks is cannot solve food insecurity with a click of based on previous performance and progress. a finger: it requires a lot of partnership and These Gugulethu children are ECD beneficiaries of FoodForwardSA. Photo: Gavin Withers She adds that Woolworths began its Good collaboration so that everyone contributes Business Journey in 2007, highlighting to a meaningful and systemic solution whilst that this is a journey strategy with several derives some value from participation,” she Woolworths also partners with non-profit Worm farms and chicken faeces areas of focus, including transformation, says. organisation (NPO) FoodForwardSA, which Mgolodela says that skills development is energy saving, water conservation and social Oxfam defines food security as people hav- links retailers, manufacturers, farmers and crucial to ensure long-term food security. development. ing access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food growers with excess food to people in need. The company starts from the “bottom of the Mgolodela says that the retailer takes its to meet their dietary requirements for an The organisation, established in 2009, has pyramid” by donating surplus food to chari- corporate citizenship very seriously and active lifestyle. Mgolodela says Woolworths fed 250 000 people to date. ties, which supply people who do not have wants to contribute to inclusive economic is aware they cannot preach about food secu- Woolworths works with FoodForwardSA the capacity to grow their own food. growth in South Africa. rity if they create and irresponsibly dispose on their entire supply chain, assisting the Child hunger in South Africa is a seri- “What is good for our customers is good for of food waste in their value chain. NPO with its complex logistics processes, in ous concern, with more than half a mil- South Africa: we see ourselves as a partici- As a high-end food retailer catering to which preserving the cold chain is of utmost lion households with children aged five or pant, influencer and a corporate citizen, and middle and upper middle-class customers, importance. younger experiencing hunger in some form we want to make a meaningful difference,” Mgolodela says they have higher than nor- in 2017, according to Stats SA. Mgolodela says. The company’s reputation mal levels of surplus food. Charity begins at home Woolworths is a funding partner in the is crucial and they want people to feel warm Mgolodela says that surplus food from Mgolodela says that Woolworths is conscious EduPlant programme, which is run and man- when they think of the “Woolies brand”. Woolworths is food that has past its “sell by” of the need to create food security for its aged by Food & Trees for Africa (FTFA), and The “Woolies Challenge” where people date, which means it can no longer be on employees. It employs 33 621 people across has worked with 29 368 schools over the last drank the company’s bottled water on social the retailer’s shelves, but before its “use by” its operations in food, clothing, beauty and 15 years. The cycle runs over two years and media earlier in 2019 highlights the aspira- date — the period customers typically keep homeware. 336 schools are involved in the 2019/2020 tional aspect of the brand, especially the food products in their fridges before eating them. They use various initiatives in differ- programme. section, which is seen as upmarket and high Some of the surplus food is donated to chari- ent stores to achieve this. Some make fruit “We witness how this programme shifts quality. ties across the country. available to staff members for free during thinking about the importance of growing Mgolodela says that the company’s projects working hours. Others use food vouchers good food and supplements school nutri- — surplus food for employees and charitable as spot prizes, as a reward for good service. tion programmes,” Mgolodela says. She adds organisation, the EduPlant programme and Employees also have the option of buying that children become increasingly innova- its work with emerging farmers — highlight Advertising Feature surplus food past its “sell by” date at heavily tive under the EduPlant programme. Some that “you don’t just have to be shopping at discounted prices. of them are using worm farms to generate Woolies, to be part of Woolies”. Mail & Guardian October 11 to 17 2019 33 WW47941/E

WORLD FOOD DAY LET’S SHARE A #ZEROHUNGER FUTURE

Over the past 16 years, we’ve given back contributions to the value of R5,8 billion to alleviate hunger in South Africa.

Some of our initiatives with our valued partners include helping schools grow food gardens, helping children meet their nutritional needs, equipping emerging farmers with skills to grow food and helping distribute surplus food.

Our work is not done. You can help. Choose the Woolworths Trust as your MySchool beneficiary, swipe your card at Woolies, and we’ll contribute on your behalf. MAKING A DIFFERENCE woolworths.co.za/zerohunger 34 Advertising supplement to the Mail & Guardian October 11 to 17 2019 Safety net for the province’s poor

Programme will reduce malnutrition by providing mothers with vital skills

n her address at the launch of the inte- department has allocated a total budget of grated mother and child development R296-million for this programme.” support programme, at the Healthcare She said that although considerable IResource Centre in Lusikisiki, Educa- strides have been made in eradicating pov- tion MEC Siphokazi Lusithi said that erty, more than a quarter of households in project should perhaps be renamed to the the province rely on social grants as their “integrated parent and child development main source of income, and the youth unem- and support programme” because the rais- ployment rate is extremely high. ing of a child is an equal responsibility for “We are also mindful of the feminisation both parents. “It is important that such a of poverty and vulnerability amongst our message is internalised by all of us, and it families. We cannot ignore the fact that 98% gets to be firmly propagated in society as of child support grants are applied for and well,” she emphasised. collected by women who are caregivers. Of Lusithi said that the programme seeks to the beneficiaries of the old age grant and eradicate malnutrition, particularly among disability grant, women constitute 67% of children, and that the Eastern Cape has one the overall beneficiaries.” of the highest rates of malnutrition, par- Quoting from Tata Madiba “if you want ticularly in its rural areas. Those who live to change the world, help the women”, the in rural areas derive their livelihood pre- MEC said that part of the department’s dominantly from subsistence agriculture, intervention is to empower women and migrant labour and social security grants; youth, especially those with children below the lack of resources has a serious negative the age of five, through sustainable devel- impact on health. opment projects and life skills education Most people in the province live in rural programmes. areas. Of this population, 23.3% of children “Women, especially single parents and between 1-3 years are underweight ,2.8% are those located in rural areas, continue to be considered to be of insufficient weight for trapped in conditions of extreme poverty, their height, and 20.6% are iron deficient. because they are still discriminated against “We are launching this programme as an and overburdened with domestic and house- intervention of a caring government to assist hold responsibilities such as care of children parents, to empower them to feed and raise and the sick. Women remain socially disem- our future leaders and our future stars,” said powered and economically marginalised. the MEC. “The department is committed to ensur- “Section 28(1) of our Constitution ing that more women are integrated into enshrines the rights of children with regards the mainstream economy by providing skills to appropriate care, basic nutrition, shelter, training, developing and supporting tech- health care services, and social services. We nological initiatives and co-operatives. This are launching this intervention programme financial year 33 women development live- under the theme “good nutrition saves lihood initiatives or co-operatives across the lives.” province will be supported financially and She said that the government has resolved through skills training,” she said. that an integrated and comprehensive She stressed that there is a need for com- National Food and Nutrition Security Plan bined efforts and collective action by various be developed and implemented for South government departments and social part- Africa. The intention of the plan is to holis- ners, in particular those that deal with food tically address nutrition issues, focusing on security. the pre-conception period, the first 1000 “The Eastern Cape province is character- days of life, Early Childhood Development ised by a high level of food insecurity, and (ECD), and grade R. the department supports the food security “All children are entitled to early child- and nutrition programme, by promoting Eastern Cape Social Development MEC Siphokazi Lusithi believes, like Nelson Mandela, hood development services, regardless of household food gardens and implementing that if you want to change the world, start by helping the women. Photo: Supplied their race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, community nutrition development centres. health, disabilities or any other factor,” said The launch of this programme seeks, among “Our view as the government is that we social development as well as rural develop- Lusithi. She added that the department will other things, to promote greater accessibil- must work towards increased access to ment and agrarian reforms provide a solid increase subsidised days from 237 to 264 ity of food through an understanding of social safety nets by the poor and the vul- foundation to strengthen our comprehen- days, will increase the number of subsidised the community`s vulnerabilities, strengths, nerable in an effort to mitigate the effects of sive food access interventions suitable for children from 53 734 to 74 043, targeting the opportunities and survival strategies,” said hunger and poverty risks. The already exist- the different needs of households and com- most deprived and deserving children. “The Lusithi. ing programmes both in the department of munities in the Eastern Cape.”

The launch of the mother and child development support programme took place at the Healthcare Resource Centre in Lusikisiki. Photo: Supplied The Eastern Cape Social Development department is committed to ensuring that more women are integrated into the economy by providing skills training for them. Photo: Supplied SPONSORED FEATURE Mail & Guardian October 11 to 17 2019 35 Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Advertorial Alcohol abuse sparks a health crisis

ith the highest reported she is affected and what type of FASD she prevalence of fetal alco- South African women drink as much as their male has (there are various conditions within hol spectrum disorder counterparts – even when pregnant the spectrum of disorder). W(FASD) in the world — a All individuals with FASD have brain reported prevalence of damage, so a child’s development — espe- 111.1 per 1 000 children — South Africa has and Eastern Cape provinces, we have a but unfortunately education alone does cially cognitive development — is affected, another health crisis on its hands. reasonable picture of the FASD prevalence not lead to behaviour change, especially leading to learning and behavioural Research done by the Foundation for rate in these provinces. not in terms of substance abuse. It is problems. Alcohol Related Research (FARR) over FASD is a very complex diagnosis, which essential to do proper research to estab- the past 22 years indicates that there are a can only be done by trained specialists lish why people in certain communities A child with FASD will therefore multitude of reasons why women use alco- using a specific test battery. To adhere to are abusing alcohol and to focus on the present with some of the following: hol during pregnancy. international diagnostic criteria the child identified reasons to address the problem. • Small for his/her age due to growth According to the World Health or adult must be examined by a medical There is no “one fit for all” model. retardation; Organization, in 2018 South Africa ranked specialist, using specific diagnostic cri- Determinants that might play a role • Delayed milestones, especially speech sixth in the world in terms of per capita teria and graphs. A neurodevelopmen- include the following: high unemploy- development, fine motor development, alcohol consumption. The estimate of the tal (psychometric) test must be done to ment rates with a sense of hopelessness, etcetera; average alcohol consumption rate per cap- determine the specific domains that are which may lead to beliefs such as a dimin- • Learning disabilities, which are often ita is approximately 11-litres of absolute affected and to differentiate the FASD ished need for education; skewed sense first detected when the child goes to alcohol per person per annum. diagnoses from other conditions that of power and success leading to children/ school, presenting as problems in reason- Over the years the alcohol consumption mirror some of the cognitive and devel- community members perceiving gangsters ing, abstract thinking, etc. (maths and among South African women has steadily opmental challenges. An in-depth inter- as “successful” as they have power, mate- signs are often problematic subjects); increased to such an extent that women view must be conducted with the biologi- rial possessions and status in the commu- • Limited or impaired ability to under- today drink more or less the same amount cal mother to exclude other birth defects nity; role models; recurrent trauma from stand the cause and effect of decisions and as men, unlike in most other countries. or injuries and to identify early childhood early childhood leading to post traumatic actions lead to higher than normal risky Binge drinking is defined as more than trauma, injuries or illnesses that may have stress or depression, which may lead to behaviour; four drinks of absolute alcohol for women caused damage that can be confused with substance abuse or a victim approach; • Impaired impulse control presents and more than five drinks for men within FASD. boredom and a lack of recreational as temper tantrums, violent outbursts or a two-hour period. Ideally the diagnoses must be made facilities. inappropriate expressions of affection; In our country many citizens are mal- as early as possible as to facilitate early The signs and symptoms of FASD also • Life-long behavioural and interper- nourished, which puts them at a higher intervention and management. This will differ from person to person, so there is no sonal problems; risk to the harmful effects of alcohol. help the parents/caregivers and educa- blueprint or generic management guide- • Poor work performance and difficulty Women with low body mass indexes tors to guide the child to develop to her lines available. It is therefore important to in finding and keeping jobs. whose babies are prenatally exposed to full potential. There are many challenges; support the parents/caregivers and family To adequately prevent this condition, alcohol have a higher risk of giving birth for example, if a child is examined at a members to manage each individual living we should take a holistic approach to raise to children with FASD. very early age, it is advisable to repeat the with FASD by addressing his/her unique awareness. It takes a village to prevent the Alcohol use is acceptable, and often an examinations at a later stage as to be abso- needs and challenges as best as possible. birth of a child with FASD. essential part of any celebration. South lutely sure about the diagnosis. FASD is a lifelong condition, so the per- Africans find it difficult to relax or to cel- son living with FASD will experience chal- FARR has private clinics in Cape Town and ebrate anything without using alcohol. The opportune scenario for early lenges throughout her life. The severity Johannesburg. Write to: [email protected]. The alcohol literacy in our country is FASD diagnoses would be: and nature will depend on how severely za or phone 021 686 2646. very low. Very few alcohol users are aware A high level of awareness of the potential harmful effects of alcohol, regarding prenatal alcohol the content of the beverages that they con- harm and FASD; sume, legal alcohol blood levels, FASD, • Screening programmes etcetera. at child health clinics and An astounding 78% of pregnancies in private doctors for develop- our country are unplanned. Women may mental delays and possible continue to use alcohol during the early FASD; months of pregnancy without realising • Referrals to specialist that they are pregnant. On average in teams or FASD diagnostic South Africa, pregnant women only con- clinics; firm their pregnancies when they are 20 • Support and educa- WHAT IS THE FOUNDATION FOR ALCOHOL RELATED RESEARCH? weeks pregnant. Their babies therefore tional services to guide par- The Foundation for Alcohol Related Research (FARR) was established in 1997 and is registered as a might have been exposed to alcohol before ents/caregivers and educa- they learnt about the harmful effects of tors on the management of prenatal alcohol exposure. children with FASD; OUR VISION Pregnant women often get conflicting • Training of educators or incorrect information from their health to manage learners with birth defects caused by alcohol consumption during pregnancy. The focus of our major activities is on practitioners, such as “it is OK to drink one FASD within the inclusive Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). glass of alcohol per day” or that alcohol education system; OUR MISSION STATEMENT can only harm your baby during a specific • Placing children who To establish sustainable awareness, prevention, intervention and training programmes designed gestational period (time of pregnancy). are severely affected in spe- to eliminate substance abuse with the focus on Fetal Alcohol Spectrum of Disorders (FASD) as a Low or skewed risk perception also puts cial needs schools; and preventable disorder among children in South Africa. some women more at risk. Certain sectors • Sheltered employment of the population still believe that preg- and living for adults with OBJECTIVES nant women in certain cultural or higher FASD. 1. To continue to play a leading role in ongoing medical and psycho-social research related to FASD income groups are immune to FASD. Stigma and blame are and alcohol abuse in South Africa and abroad as well as monitoring and evaluation of impact These women therefore continue to use huge factors with this con- 2. The implementation of comprehensive, long-term intervention and prevention alcohol during pregnancy. dition. It is important to Our research indicates that 68% of preg- acknowledge the role of the 3. To offer education programmes directed at medical professionals, social and nant women who use alcohol are also father, family and friends health care workers, educators and the general public, and smoking tobacco. The exposure to these in terms of the preven- 4. To offer effective employee wellness programmes focusing on substance and two drugs is especially harmful to the foe- tion of FASD. Men also alcohol abuse. tus, and so are other types of substance need to take responsibil- FARR FOCUS AREAS abuse. ity in protecting their chil- • Awareness and prevention • Diagnosis, management and research • Training There is often pressure on pregnant dren against FASD. So, the and education women to continue to use alcohol. FASD prevention message Women participating in our research of “no alcohol is safe dur- FUNDING reported that they were under pressure ing pregnancy” is of equal FARR obtains funding from various sponsorships and donors. Sustainability of funding from their partners, family and friends to importance for men and remains a constant challenge to FARR. If you are interested in donating or sponsoring actively participate in events where alco- women. hol was used. On the flipside, women who Alcohol and substance stopped using alcohol during their preg- abuse are prevalent in all TRAINING nancy reported that they did so because walks of life. Poor peo- FARR has a Training Academy which is a fully accredited Education and Training their partners wanted healthy children, ple just have less access to Provider with the Health and Welfare SETA. We offer evidence based, CPD FARR is and they received support from their part- rehabilitation services due accredited training to health, educational and social work professionals as dedicated ners, friends and family to abstain. to their living conditions. well as employers and community members. to building Women often raise their children as sin- Alcohol abuse is often more positive futures in South African gle parents or are often alone while their visible than in neighbor- For more information contact us partners/spouses work elsewhere. Some hoods were the abusers communities of these women reported using alcohol as have enough private space 021 686 2646 / 021 685 7034 a form of self-medication. (bigger houses or clubs) [email protected] / www.farrsa.org.za South Africa is at present the country where they can use and Like us on https://www.facebook.com/FoundationForAlcoholRelatedResearch/ where the most FASD prevalence studies abuse alcohol (or other sub- have been done. With a total of 16 FASD stances) out of the public prevalence studies done by FARR in the eye. www.farrsa.org.za Free State, Gauteng, Western, Northern Education is important, 10300M&G 36 Mail & Guardian October 11 to 17 2019

Mail& Guardianwww.mg.co.za To advertise on this prime position please contact Vanessa 011 250 7450 Ilizma 063 026 7450 Careers Elsie 011 250 7580 Lesedi 011 250 7430

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hE/h>hŝƐĂĐŽŵƉƌĞŚĞŶƐŝǀĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJŽīĞƌŝŶŐĂƉƉƌŽdžŝŵĂƚĞůLJϮϱϮĂĐĐƌĞĚŝƚĞĚĚĞŐƌĞĞ͕ĚŝƉůŽŵĂ ĂŶĚ ĐĞƌƟĮĐĂƚĞ ĐŽƵƌƐĞƐ ĂĐƌŽƐƐ ŝƚƐ &ĂĐƵůƟĞƐ ŽĨ ƌƚƐ͖ ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͖ ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĞ͖ ĂŶĚ ŽŵŵĞƌĐĞ͕ ĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ >Ăǁ Ăƚ ƚŚĞ <ǁĂůĂŶŐĞnjǁĂ ĂŶĚ ZŝĐŚĂƌĚƐ ĂLJ ĐĂŵƉƵƐĞƐ͘ dŚĞ hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJďĞůŝĞǀĞƐŝŶƉƌŽŵŽƟŶŐĂĐƵůƚƵƌĞŽĨůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐŝŶĂŶĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚƚŚĂƚŝƐĐŽŶĚƵĐŝǀĞƚŽ ƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůŐƌŽǁƚŚĂŶĚĂĐĂĚĞŵŝĐĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͘ dŚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJŽĨƵůƵůĂŶĚƐƵďƐĐƌŝďĞƐƚŽƚŚĞƉƌŝŶĐŝƉůĞƐĞŵďĞĚĚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞŵƉůŽLJŵĞŶƚƋƵŝƚLJĐƚ͘

DEPUTY VICE-CHANCELLOR: RESEARCH AND INNOVATION

&ŝǀĞLJĞĂƌĮdžĞĚƚĞƌŵƉĞƌĨŽƌŵĂŶĐĞͲďĂƐĞĚĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚƔZĞĨĞƌĞŶĐĞEƵŵďĞƌ͗ϮϬϭϵͬϭϬͬZZϬϭ ƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐ ĂƌĞ ŝŶǀŝƚĞĚ ĨƌŽŵ ƐƵŝƚĂďůLJ ƋƵĂůŝĮĞĚ ŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůƐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ŽĨ ĞƉƵƚLJ sŝĐĞͲŚĂŶĐĞůůŽƌ͗ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĂŶĚ /ŶŶŽǀĂƟŽŶĂƚƚŚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJŽĨƵůƵůĂŶĚ͘ dŚŝƐƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŚĂƐĂƵŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJͲǁŝĚĞƉŽƌƞŽůŝŽǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƐƉĞĐŝĮĐĂŝŵŽĨĂĚǀĂŶĐŝŶŐƚŚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJ͛ƐƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐŽďũĞĐƟǀĞƐŝŶƐŽĨĂƌ ĂƐƚŚĞLJƌĞůĂƚĞƚŽƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ͕ŝŶŶŽǀĂƟŽŶĂŶĚƉŽƐƚŐƌĂĚƵĂƚĞƐƚƵĚŝĞƐ͘^ŝŶĐĞƚŚĞƉŽƌƞŽůŝŽŝƐĐƌŽƐƐͲĐƵƫŶŐ͕ƚŚĞŝŶĐƵŵďĞŶƚǁŝůůǁŽƌŬ ĐůŽƐĞůLJǁŝƚŚŽƚŚĞƌƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌƐŝŶƚŚĞŝŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶĂŶĚǁŝůůďĞƉĂƌƚŽĨƚŚĞdžĞĐƵƟǀĞDĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚdĞĂŵ͘ &ƵŶĐƟŽŶƐĂŶĚZĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďŝůŝƟĞƐ͗ dŚĞs͗ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĂŶĚ/ŶŶŽǀĂƟŽŶǁŝůů͕ĂŵŽŶŐƐƚŽƚŚĞƌƚŚŝŶŐƐ͕ďĞƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďůĞĨŽƌƚŚĞĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐ͗ͻWƌŽǀŝĚŝŶŐƐƚƌŽŶŐŝŶƚĞůůĞĐƚƵĂů ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐůĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉŝŶƚŚĞĂƌĞĂŽĨƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ͕ŝŶŶŽǀĂƟŽŶĂŶĚƉŽƐƚŐƌĂĚƵĂƚĞƐƚƵĚŝĞƐͻWƌŽǀŝĚŝŶŐůĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉŝŶƚŚĞƉƵƌƐƵŝƚŽĨƚŚĞ ĚĞĮŶĞĚƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĂŶĚŝŶŶŽǀĂƟŽŶŐŽĂůƐŽĨƚŚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJͻ^ĞƌǀŝŶŐĂƐŚĂŝƌƉĞƌƐŽŶŽĨƚŚĞ^ĞŶĂƚĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĂŶĚWŽƐƚŐƌĂĚƵĂƚĞ ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶŽŵŵŝƩĞĞͻdŚĞĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚĂŶĚŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƉŽƐƚŐƌĂĚƵĂƚĞĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂŶĚƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐLJͻWůĂLJŝŶŐĂůĞĂĚŝŶŐƌŽůĞŝŶƚŚĞĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞŶĞdžƚŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐĂŶĚŝŶƐƉŝƌŝŶŐƚŚĞĂĐĂĚĞŵŝĐƐƚĂī ĂĐƌŽƐƐƚŚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJƚŽŝŵƉƌŽǀĞƚŚĞŝƌŽǁŶƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚƉĞƌĨŽƌŵĂŶĐĞĂŶĚĂĐŚŝĞǀĞĞdžĐĞůůĞŶĐĞŝŶƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚͻ>ĞĂĚŝŶŐƚŚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐLJ ĂŶĚ ĂĐƟŽŶ ƉůĂŶ ĨŽƌ ůŝĂŝƐŝŶŐ ǁŝƚŚ ŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚ͕ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĂŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌƐ ŽŶ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ƌĞůĂƚĞĚ ŵĂƩĞƌƐ ͻhƐŝŶŐƚŚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚƐĂŶĚƉƌŝŽƌŝƟĞƐƚŽƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚŚĞƵŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJǁŝƚŚŝŶůŽĐĂůĂŶĚŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůƵŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJ ƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐŚŝƉƐĂŶĚŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƐͻWƌŽǀŝĚĞůĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉƚŽǁĂƌĚƐĞŶƌŝĐŚĞĚĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJĞŶŐĂŐĞŵĞŶƚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚŽĨĂ ŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJŶŐĂŐĞŵĞŶƚĞŶƚƌĞ͘ DŝŶŝŵƵŵZĞƋƵŝƌĞŵĞŶƚƐ͗ dŚĞĐĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞŵƵƐƚ͗ͻĞĂ&ƵůůWƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌǁŝƚŚĂŶĞĂƌŶĞĚŽĐƚŽƌĂůĚĞŐƌĞĞ ͻ,ĂǀĞĂŶĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚĞĚƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚƌĞĐŽƌĚ ͻǀŝĚĞŶĐĞŽĨ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞĂƚƐĞŶŝŽƌůĞǀĞůŝŶĂŚŝŐŚĞƌĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶŝŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶ ͻhŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐŽĨĂŶĚĐŽŵŵŝƚŵĞŶƚƚŽƚŚĞƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐ ƚƌĂŶƐĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶŶĞĞĚƐŝŶƚŚĞŚŝŐŚĞƌĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶůĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞ͘ ^ƉĞĐŝĂůŽŶĚŝƟŽŶƐ͗ dŚĞsŝƐĂƉƉŽŝŶƚĞĚĨŽƌĂĮdžĞĚƚĞƌŵŽĨĮǀĞLJĞĂƌƐ͘ >K^/E'd͗ϮϳKdKZϮϬϭϵ ůůĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐŵƵƐƚŝŶĐůƵĚĞƚŚĞĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐǁŚŝĐŚĂƌĞĐƌŝƟĐĂůŝŶĞǀĂůƵĂƟŶŐĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐƌĞĐĞŝǀĞĚ͗;ĂͿ^ĞůĨͲǀĂůƵĂƟŽŶďLJƚŚĞ ĂƉƉůŝĐĂŶƚŽĨŚŝƐͬŚĞƌĂďŝůŝƚLJĨŽƌƚŚĞĂƉƉŽŝŶƚŵĞŶƚ͖;ďͿŶĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶĨŽƌŵ͖;ĐͿĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƵƌƌŝĐƵůƵŵsŝƚĂĞ͖;ĚͿĞƌƟĮĞĚĐŽƉŝĞƐ ŽĨĂůůĂĐĂĚĞŵŝĐƋƵĂůŝĮĐĂƟŽŶƐĂŶĚ/͖ĂŶĚ;ĞͿEĂŵĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŶƚĂĐƚĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨĂƚůĞĂƐƚƚŚƌĞĞĐŽŶƚĂĐƚĂďůĞǁŽƌŬƌĞůĂƚĞĚƌĞĨĞƌĞĞƐ ;ŽŶĞŵƵƐƚďĞĂĐƵƌƌĞŶƚŽƌƌĞĐĞŶƚƐƵƉĞƌŝŽƌͿ͘ &ŽƌƚŚĞWW>/d/KE&KZD͕ƉůĞĂƐĞůŽŐŽŶƚŽƚŚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJǁĞďƐŝƚĞĂŶĚĐůŝĐŬŽŶǀĂĐĂŶĐŝĞƐ;ŚƩƉ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘ƵŶŝnjƵůƵ͘ĂĐ͘njĂͬ ǀĂĐĂŶĐŝĞƐͿ͘dŽĂƉƉůLJĨŽƌƚŚŝƐƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ͕ƉůĞĂƐĞĞŵĂŝůƚŚĞĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶĨŽƌŵĂŶĚĂůůƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƚŽDƌƐE͘W͘ DĂƟŬŝŶĐĂŽŶŵĂƟŬŝŶĐĂŶΛƵŶŝnjƵůƵ͘ĂĐ͘njĂKZůŽŐŽŶƚŽWEd;ǁǁǁ͘ƉŶĞƚ͘ĐŽ͘njĂͿƚŽƐƵďŵŝƚLJŽƵƌĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶďLJŶŽůĂƚĞƌƚŚĂŶ ϭϮŚϬϬŽŶƚŚĞĐůŽƐŝŶŐĚĂƚĞƐƚĂƚĞĚĂďŽǀĞ͘ EŽŚĂŶĚĚĞůŝǀĞƌĞĚŽƌƉŽƐƚĂůĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐǁŝůůďĞĂĐĐĞƉƚĞĚ͘dŚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJƌĞƐĞƌǀĞƐƚŚĞƌŝŐŚƚŶŽƚƚŽŵĂŬĞĂŶĂƉƉŽŝŶƚŵĞŶƚ͘ ŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶǁŝůůďĞĞŶƚĞƌĞĚŝŶƚŽǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƐŚŽƌƚůŝƐƚĞĚĐĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐŽŶůLJ͘ “While the University of Zululand strives for equal opportunities, preference will be given to suitable candidates, particularly females and people with disabilities, in terms of the University’s employment equity policy” The University reserves the right NOT to make an appointment or to appoint at a different level as per the advert a www.ursonline.co.za WITS SCHOOL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE FACULTY OF HEALTH SCIENCES hE/h>h ŝƐ Ă ĐŽŵƉƌĞŚĞŶƐŝǀĞ hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJ ŽīĞƌŝŶŐ ĂƉƉƌŽdžŝŵĂƚĞůLJ ϮϱϮ ĂĐĐƌĞĚŝƚĞĚ ĚĞŐƌĞĞ͕ NELSON MANDELA FIDEL CASTRO (NMFC) PROGRAMME ĚŝƉůŽŵĂ ĂŶĚ ĐĞƌƟĮĐĂƚĞ ĐŽƵƌƐĞƐ ĂĐƌŽƐƐ ŝƚƐ &ĂĐƵůƟĞƐ ŽĨ ƌƚƐ͖ ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͖ ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĞ͖ĂŶĚŽŵŵĞƌĐĞ͕ĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶĂŶĚ>ĂǁĂƚƚŚĞ<ǁĂůĂŶŐĞnjǁĂĂŶĚZŝĐŚĂƌĚƐĂLJ SENIOR CLINICAL EDUCATOR (SENIOR LECTURER) ĐĂŵƉƵƐĞƐ͘dŚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJďĞůŝĞǀĞƐŝŶƉƌŽŵŽƟŶŐĂĐƵůƚƵƌĞŽĨůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐŝŶĂŶĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚƚŚĂƚ (AC.07) (3-YEAR FIXED TERM CONTRACT) ŝƐĐŽŶĚƵĐŝǀĞƚŽƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůŐƌŽǁƚŚĂŶĚĂĐĂĚĞŵŝĐĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͘ dŚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJŽĨƵůƵůĂŶĚŝƐĐƵƌƌĞŶƚůLJƐĞĞŬŝŶŐƚŽĞŵƉůŽLJĐĂƉĂďůĞƉĞƌƐŽŶƐŝŶƚŚĞ The role will be responsible for the overall academic governance of the NMFC programme, ĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƐ͗ reporting to the NMFC Programme Director. This requires postgraduate specialisation in the KHDOWKVFLHQFHVÀHOGUHJLVWUDWLRQZLWKWKH+HDOWK3URIHVVLRQV&RXQFLORI6$WHDFKLQJDQGUHVHDUFK experience, as well as specialisation in family medicine, or equivalent experience. D/WK^d^ &h>dzK&hd/KE CLINICAL EDUCATOR (LECTURER) (AC.08) WZdDEd :Kd/d> Z&EK͘ (1-YEAR FIXED-TERM CONTRACT) WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌͬƐƐŽĐŝĂƚĞWƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌ;ZĞͲĚǀĞƌƟƐĞŵĞŶƚͿ &ϮϬϭϵͬϭϬͬϬϭ ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂůWƐLJĐŚŽůŽŐLJĂŶĚ^ƉĞĐŝĂů The successful candidate will assist in the training of the NMFC Collaboration students to the ^ĞŶŝŽƌ>ĞĐƚƵƌĞƌ;ZĞͲĂĚǀĞƌƟƐĞŵĞŶƚͿ &ϮϬϭϵͬϭϬͬϮϱ ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ UHTXLUHG OHYHO RI FRPSHWHQFH 7KHUHIRUH DQ 0%&K% UHJLVWUDWLRQ ZLWK WKH +HDOWK 3URIHVVLRQV ^ĞŶŝŽƌ>ĞĐƚƵƌĞƌ;ZĞͲĂĚǀĞƌƟƐĞŵĞŶƚͿ &ϮϬϭϵͬϭϬͬϯϱ &RXQFLO RI 6$ WHDFKLQJ DQG UHVHDUFK H[SHULHQFH DQG D PLQLPXP  \HDUV· SRVWFRPPXQLW\ service clinical experience are required.. ƵƌƌŝĐƵůƵŵĂŶĚ/ŶƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĂů^ƚƵĚŝĞƐ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌͬƐƐŽĐŝĂƚĞWƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌ;ZĞͲĂĚǀĞƌƟƐĞŵĞŶƚͿ &ϮϬϭϵͬϭϬͬϬϭ Full details can be found on iRecruitment (the University’s careers website). DĂƚŚĞŵĂƟĐƐ͕^ĐŝĞŶĐĞĂŶĚdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJ ^ĞŶŝŽƌ>ĞĐƚƵƌĞƌ;ZĞͲĂĚǀĞƌƟƐĞŵĞŶƚͿ &ϮϬϭϵͬϭϬͬDϭϱ ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ 148477 >ĞĐƚƵƌĞƌ;ZĞͲĂĚǀĞƌƟƐĞŵĞŶƚͿ &ϮϬϭϵͬϭϬͬDϱϱ Please apply via iRecruitment: https://irec.wits.ac.za ĂƌůLJŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ >ĞĐƚƵƌĞƌ &ϮϬϭϵͬϭϬͬϬϱ Closing date: 18 October 2019 >K^/E'd͗ϮϳKdKZϮϬϭϵ The University is committed to employment equity. Preference may be given to appointable applicants from the under-represented For full post requirements, please log on to the University website and click on vacancies ;ŚƩƉ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘ƵŶŝnjƵůƵ͘ĂĐ͘njĂͬǀĂĐĂŶĐŝĞƐͬͿ. designated groups in terms of the relevant employment equity plans and policies of the University. The University reserves the right to verify all information provided by candidates and to verify credit standing. Please note that correspondence will only be entered into dŽĂƉƉůLJĨŽƌƚŚŝƐƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ͕ƉůĞĂƐĞůŽŐŽŶƚŽWŶĞƚ͘ĐŽ͘njĂ͘/ĨŶŽƚƌĞŐŝƐƚĞƌĞĚ͕ƉůĞĂƐĞƌĞŐŝƐƚĞƌĂŶĚĂƉƉůLJĨŽƌƚŚĞĂƉƉƌŽƉƌŝĂƚĞƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ͘ with short-listed candidates. The University reserves the right not to make an appointment or to re-advertise. ŶƐƵƌĞƚŚĂƚLJŽƵĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞƚŚĞƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞĂƐƉĞƌƚŚĞƐƉĞĐŝĮĐƉŽƐƚ͘WůĞĂƐĞŶŽƚĞŶŽĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌŵĞĂŶƐǁŝůůďĞ ĂĐĐĞƉƚĞĚ͘WůĞĂƐĞĐůĞĂƌůLJŝŶĚŝĐĂƚĞƚŚĞƌĞĨĞƌĞŶĐĞŶƵŵďĞƌĨŽƌƚŚĞƌĞƐƉĞĐƟǀĞĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶŽŶLJŽƵƌĞŵĂŝůƐƵďũĞĐƚůŝŶĞ͘ŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ ǁŝůůďĞĞŶƚĞƌĞĚŝŶƚŽǁŝƚŚƐŚŽƌƚͲůŝƐƚĞĚĐĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐŽŶůLJ͘EŽŚĂŶĚĚĞůŝǀĞƌĞĚŽƌƉŽƐƚĞĚĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐǁŝůůďĞĂĐĐĞƉƚĞĚ͘ “While the University of Zululand strives for equal opportunities, preference will be given to suitable candidates, particularly females and people with disabilities, in terms of the University’s employment equity policy” The University reserves the right NOT The following state to make an appointment or to appoint at a different level as per the advert EŽĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐŵĂĚĞĂŌĞƌƚŚĞĐůŽƐŝŶŐĚĂƚĞǁŝůůďĞĂĐĐĞƉƚĞĚ͘/ĨLJŽƵĚŽŶŽƚŵĞĞƚƚŚĞŵŝŶŝŵƵŵƌĞƋƵŝƌĞŵĞŶƚƐƉůĞĂƐĞĚŽŶŽƚĂƉƉůLJ͘ position is available at Pretoria Boys a High School

PRINCIPAL www.ursonline.co.za Please refer to the Gauteng Department of Education Vacancy Circular 04 of 2019 Mail& Guardian published on 4 October 2019 www.mg.co.za RUJRWRWKHVFKRRO¶V Academics & Courses website www.boyshigh.com CONTACT: for full details Ilizma 063 026 7450 Closing date for applications: Vanessa 011 250 7450 18 October 2019 Lesedi 011 250 7430 38 Mail & Guardian October 11 to 17 2019 Academic Jobs & Jobs

Regional Humanitarian and Emergency Affairs (HEA) Director - Southern Africa Region

World Vision is a Christian relief, development and advocacy organization dedicated to working with children, families and communities to overcome poverty and injustice. Southern Africa has H[SHULHQFHGVLJQL¿FDQWHQYLURQPHQWDOODQGVFDSHFKDQJHVUHODWHGWRGURXJKWF\FORQHVDQGÀRRG- ing which affect food security, sanitation, education and child protection. The vast majority of the population lives in poverty and their coping mechanisms having been eroded by frequent and recurrent disasters over the last 10-20 years. Postdoctoral Research Fellowship :LWKQLQH1DWLRQDO2I¿FHVWKH6RXWKHUQ$IULFDUHJLRQ 6$5 FRQWLQXHVWRSULRULWL]HGLVDVWHUPDQ- HonsB in Public Administration/ DJHPHQWWKURXJKLWV+XPDQLWDULDQDQG(PHUJHQF\5HVSRQVHGLYLVLRQZKLFKFRQWULEXWHVWRWKH Project Improving Food and Nutrition UHJLRQDOVWUDWHJLFJRDORI%XLOGLQJ5HVLOLHQFHWKURXJK3HDFH3URWHFWLRQDQG2SSRUWXQLW\ MPASecurity in Public in Rural Administration Communities The purpose of this role is to provide strategic, innovative and operational leadership for the LPSOHPHQWDWLRQRI:RUOG9LVLRQ¶V'LVDVWHU0DQDJHPHQW HDUO\ZDUQLQJPLWLJDWLRQUHVSRQVHDQG Scope of Research:Learning This isfor an ongoing Sustainable study. SA has many African households Futures that are food insecure. UHFRYHU\ LQ6RXWKHUQ$IULFDWRFRQWULEXWHWRWKHUHJLRQDODQG1DWLRQDORI¿FHVWUDWHJLHV ShisanaThis etinternationally al. (2013) reported recognised that in Limpopo, qualification 41.9% of household is accessible were food to secure, students 27.3% were at riskthroughout of hunger and Southern 30.8% were Africa! food insecure Please or experiencednote class hunger. attendance Phase one of the KEY RESPONSIBILITIES study (2016 -2018) has been conducted with a total 280 households, 2520 participants of which 17% were children under requirements12 years. 23.6% ofand households options were below. food secure, 39.6% at risk of ‡3RVLWLRQ:RUOG9LVLRQDVDFRPSHWHQWLQQRYDWLYHDQGHIIHFWLYHKXPDQLWDULDQDJHQF\E\HQVXULQJ hunger while 36.8% were food insecure. These statistics show that there is little improvement that the Southern Africa •or Admissionreduction of poverty Requirements: and hunger inFor Limpopo the province.Honours The degree: intended Anyfocus degreefor this phaseor four- is ‡,QWKHHYHQWRID*OREDORU1DWLRQDO2I¿FH5HVSRQVHGHFODUDWLRQIXO¿OODOOGXWLHVRIWKH5HJLRQDO designingyear diploma and implementation with a good of interventions. study record. The researchAlternatively, uses mix for methods: recognition survey, ofanalytic, Prior HEA Director as outlined in the emergency management system manual. developmental,Learning admission qualitative application,and quantitative a three-yeartools, experimental tertiary and diploma evaluative. with It is aevidence longitudinal of • Support capacity building of HEA units at NO level, including technical staff and Learning studyadditional with baseline prior data learning. collected In at theall beginningcases, also (2016 a minimum- 2018), followed of five by design,years’ developmentappropriate Centers to build understanding and engagement in disaster management to support ensuring andwork implementation experience. of interventions, For the Master’sand evaluation degree: after three An years Honours of implementation. degree in Public Administration with an average pass mark of 65%. clear goals and accountabilities are established and achieved. Key research questions to be answered in this project include: • At a strategic and policy level, represent WV with government agencies, UN, INGO and church •1. Duration:How can local A foodone-year systems Honours interventions programme be designed followed to improve by nutritionala one-year outcomes Master’s for ERGLHVLQFROODERUDWLRQZLWK1DWLRQDO2I¿FHV LISUHVHQW GHDOLQJZLWKPDFURDQGORFDOLVVXHV individualsprogramme in rural in communities?Public Administration/Management. regarding humanitarian principles including advocating on key issues which affect the most 2. What are the contributions of local/indigenous foods to food systems and how do they contribute vulnerable. •to Specialisation:food security and affect Different nutrition? elective speciality fields exist to align your preferred 3. studyWhat programmeagricultural interventions with your specificcan improve work local/indigenous environment. practices in the most cost- effective way? KNOWLEDGE, SKILLS & ABILITIES • Delivery modes and class attendance: Compulsory attendance of two weeks ‡%DFKHORU'HJUHHLQ,QWHUQDWLRQDO'HYHORSPHQW,QWHUQDWLRQDO5HODWLRQV5XUDO'HYHORSPHQWRU Host:of interactive Prof XIKOMBISO contact MBHENYANE learning sessions , RD (SA), in Cape PhD, TownMBA; Professoror Centurion and Research for HonsB; Chair and DQ\UHODWHG¿HOGDQG0DVWHU¶V'HJUHHSUHIHUUHG in inFood Cape Environments, Town only for Nutrition MPA; andsupplemented Health; Division by internet-based of Human Nutrition, learning Faculty support of Medicine and ‡$0LQLPXPRI\HDUVRIKXPDQLWDULDQH[SHULHQFHZLWKDPLQLPXPRI¿YH\HDUVLQDOHDGHUVKLS andadditional Health Sciences; interactive Stellenbosch telematic University transmissions or online streaming to different parts role for a large international organization preferably in Africa. Requirement:of South Africa. The candidateInvigilated must examinations possess aare relevant written doctoral at various degree centres PhD in(Health South • Seasoned experience in strategy development, response management and program integration. Sciences/Agriculture/Humanities)Africa and Namibia. obtained in the past 5 years. • Very good experience in networking, relationship building and creating strategic partnerships • Previous experience in Human nutrition research • Familiarity with the South African health All Honours degree participants will receive a laptop computer and all prescribed with UN agencies, INGOs and research institutions. trajectory • Computing literacy, with emphasis on Statistical packages and analysis for both handbooksqualitative and by quantitative way of e-books data. installed on the computer. Hard copy books will be • Excellent written and spoken English and preferably another language, especially French. issued only where e-books are not available. • Ablility to work in a cross-cultural environment with a multi-national staff and maintain Please note that postdoctoral fellows are not appointed as employees and their fellowships are performance expectations in diverse cultural contexts, psychologically stressful environments ClosingDZDUGHGWD[IUHH7KH\DUHWKHUHIRUHQRWHOLJLEOHIRUHPSOR\HH date for applications: 31 October 2019 EHQH¿WV and physical hardships. For more information, contact the: • Ability to work with a reasonably level of comfort in high tension and high security risk situations. Commencement of duties: February 2020 | Closing date: 30 October 2019 • Must be a committed Christian, able to stand above denominational diversities. • HonsB Programme Administrator, tel. +27 21 918 4192 Enquiries: Send a letter of application, accompanied by a comprehensive curriculum vitae, ‡:RUNLQJNQRZOHGJHRIWKH:RUOG9LVLRQ3DUWQHUVKLSSUHIHUUHGDQGDELOLW\WRLQWHUIDFHVHQVLWLYHO\ •including MPA Programme list of publications Administrator, and the tel. names +27 and21 918 contact 4400 details of at least two referees, ZLWKSHRSOHIURPYDULRXVRI¿FHVLQERWK¿HOGDQGVXSSRUWRI¿FHV •to Fax.Prof +27 XG 21Mbhenyane 918 4123 – [email protected]. Applicants should request their referees to ‡:RUNHQYLURQPHQW2I¿FHEDVHGZLWKPLQLPXPIUHTXHQWWUDYHORIWR1DWLRQDORI¿FHVDQG • E-mail:IRUZDUGFRQ¿GHQWLDOUHSRUWVE\WKHFORVLQJGDWHGLUHFWWRWKHV [email protected] DPHDGGUHVV across the partnership • Website: www.spl.sun.ac.za

11361M&G136648 www.ayandambanga.co.za www.thecandocompany.co.za Please visit the link below to apply for this role: https://careers.wvi.org/jobs/south-africa/humanitarian-and-emergency-affairs/humanitari- an-and-emergency-affairs-hea-director-sar/13571

Closing Date: 7 November 2019 11363M&G Jobs CONTACT: Elsie Mashanzhe 011 250 7580 Lesedi Badimo 011 250 7430 CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER (5-year fixed-term contract) Total Cost to Company: Market-related Centurion ZERO DROPOUT We are looking for a SCHOOLS INITIATIVE This is an invitation for suitable candidates to apply for the Key performance areas: Networks & Advocacy Lead position of TCTA Chief Financial Officer (CFO). • Effectively lead and oversee the project finance, treasury, The CFO is a strategic financial leader who will spearhead finance and procurement units: * Oversee the development The Zero Dropout Schools Initiative (ZDSI) aims to halve the number of learners pushed out of the education system before the financial sustainability of TCTA, ensuring a future for of medium-term strategies and implementation plans, for grade 12. Through this ambitious vision, ZDSI sets a common agenda that mobilises and directs the activities of a diverse TCTA, as a going concern. The incumbent will work closely various business units within the space of the CFO * Align range of stakeholders towards enabling a significant decline in school dropout. ZDSI is a project of the DG Murray Trust with the CEO and the Board of Directors to contribute to the the organisational strategy to various business units and (DGMT). South African water sector. He/she needs to be technically introduce significant systematic improvements that will ZDSI is recruiting a Networks and Advocacy Lead to provide strategic vision and to drive the development and mobilisation sound with regards to project finance and structuring, supply ensure that TCTA delivers on sound financial management of a network of schools committed to zero learner dropout. The Networks and Advocacy Lead will be required to: chain, debt management, and financial management, whilst • Take ownership of the financial wellbeing and sustainability understanding and appreciating the value of engagements of TCTA as a business: * Lead the formulation and drive the with external stakeholders as well as TCTA employees. The CFO implementation of TCTA’s financial sustainability strategy, Job function and responsibilities will manage these relationships resiliently and passionately. together with supporting tactical plans * Lead and oversee Achievement through excellence is of utmost importance the budget process Develop, execute and manage a national school mobilisation and behaviour change strategy: and he/she must be able to thrive in a complex environment where obstacles are overcome positively. Experience as a • Develop a key stakeholder strategy that serves the busi- Develop and execute a mobilisation strategy to create a network of schools that are committed to the vision of zero dropout. CFO is critical, whilst knowledge of State-owned Enterprises ness from a CFO perspective and maintain key strategic Create and drive mechanisms to engage schools, communities and learners around an agenda for zero dropout. will be advantageous. The CFO is one of the main TCTA relationships. Surface learning and progress from school and stakeholder engagement and work with the Communication Manager to culture trendsetters and is respected by employees for his/her Requirements: ensure these are documented and packaged as public communication products across various mediums. reputation of credibility, integrity and performance excellence. • Compulsory: Registered Chartered Accountant CA(SA, Build feedback loops for continued engagement and learning amongst schools and stakeholders. Purpose of the Role: minimum of 10 years in an appropriate leadership role of which at least 3 must have been in a role of a CFO and Develop, execute and manage a public advocacy strategy for campaign management: • To develop, monitor and evaluate overall financial and operational strategies, with metrics tied to the business exposure to Regulatory Frameworks applied in the Public Develop and manage mechanisms and platforms that allow the network of schools to collectively advocate for change. strategy, in partnership with the CEO and leaders of the Sector and State-owned Enterprises Identify and build relationships with relevant stakeholders across sectors to implement recommendations and learning. business units, with emphasis on financial management and • Advantageous: MBA/Leadership Development Programme Identify and build platforms and coalitions that support and grow the movement. performance and experience in financial leadership roles, preferably in infrastructure development and/or financing and/or water • To provide guidance towards overall financial health, Core skills and background governance and efficiencies in the organisation • As a sector. member of EXCO, to contribute effectively to achieving the Applications may be sent to A relevant post graduate qualification – e.g. in Built strong coalitions to drive strategic outputs. strategic objectives of the organisation • to drive a culture [email protected] of accountability in managing the business, adding value education, project management, and/or community Enjoys engaging with people, is persuasive and can inspire to the operating business and voicing well-substantiated The closing date for applications is development. champions for the zero dropout agenda. opinions. 25 October 2019. Minimum 3 years work experience - preferably in Drivers license and willingness to travel essential. advocacy, campaigning and/or coalition building. Preferably fluent in 2+ South African languages. TCTA is committed to employment equity and, to this end, preference will be given to individuals who would add diversity Managed a range of diverse stakeholders and facilitated Experience in working with schools is preferable. to the organisation. Suitably qualified and experienced South African citizens are invited to apply. processes for consensus building. The appointment is subject to the verifications of qualifications, probity and reference checks as well as competency assessments. Correspondence will be limited to short-listed candidates. To apply, submit a motivation letter, your CV (including the details of 3 referees) to [email protected] with ‘Networks & Advocacy Lead' in the subject line by 25 October 2019. 148562 Mail & Guardian October 11 to 17 2019 39 Jobs, Tenders & Notices

Business Development & Sustainability Manager

Africans deserve an economy that allows each person to lead D GLJQL¿HG DQG PHDQLQJIXO OLIH :H EHOLHYH LQFOXVLYH HFRQRPLHV DUH FULWLFDO IRU UHGXFLQJ SRYHUW\ DQG LQHTXDOLW\ DQG XQORFNLQJ WKH SRWHQWLDORIUHJLRQDOLQWHJUDWLRQWRJHQHUDWHMREVGULYHLQQRYDWLRQ SURWHFWWKHHQYLURQPHQWDQGJHQHUDWHHFRQRPLFRSSRUWXQLWLHVIRUDOO

,I\RXDUHDGULYHQIXWXUHWKLQNLQJDQGHQWUHSUHQHXULDOLQGLYLGXDOWKDWVWULYHVRQLQQRYDWLRQZLWK CALL FOR BIDS WKHDELOLW\WRZRUNLQDIDVWSDFHGHQYLURQPHQW\RXPLJKWEHWKHULJKWSHUVRQWRKHOSXVFRQWULEXWH DESIGN, SUPPLY AND INSTALLATION OF WIND TURBINE POWER SOLUTION WRWKLVFKDOOHQJH The Road Fund Secretariat wishes to invite interested companies to submit bids for a turnkey $VSDUWRIRXUVXVWDLQDELOLW\MRXUQH\ZHZLOOFDSLWDOLVHRQRXUVNLOOVDQGFDSDELOLWLHVWRVWDUWDIRU wind turbine solution. The work will include design, supply and installation of a 3KW wind turbine SUR¿WDUPRIWKH7UXVW7KHYLVLRQRIWKH6RXWKHUQ$IULFD7UXVW,QYHVWPHQW+ROGLQJVLVWREHFRPH for the Fund’s Operations at Sani Top Border Post in Mokhotlong. DSDUWQHURIFKRLFHDQGRIIHUWKH&RUSRUDWH6HFWRU*RYHUQPHQWV'HYHORSPHQW$JHQFLHVDQG 3KLODQWKURS\¶VWKHPRVWDSSURSULDWHVWUDWHJLHVWRDOOHYLDWHSRYHUW\LQHTXDOLW\DQGXQHPSOR\PHQW 7HFKQLFDO6SHFL¿FDWLRQV LQWKH6$'&UHJLRQ7RDFKLHYHWKLVZHDUHORRNLQJIRUDIRUZDUGWKLQNLQJG\QDPLFDQGHQHUJHWLF • 3KW power output to serve Sani site. %XVLQHVV 'HYHORSPHQW DQG 6XVWDLQDELOLW\ 0DQDJHU WR GR MXVW WKDW  5HSRUWLQJ WR WKH &KLHI • 2 turbines stations at 1.5KW operating in a redundant fault tolerant and load balancing ([HFXWLYH2I¿FHUWKHSRVLWLRQLVDEOHQGRIDQDO\WLFDODQGVWUDWHJLFWKLQNLQJDQGPDQDJHPHQW FRQ¿JXUDWLRQ VNLOOVWRFRRUGLQDWHWKHGHOLYHU\RIWKLVDJHQGD • Battery packs to sustain the site for at least 6 to 8hours based on the system load. • At least 2 year manufactures warrantee on all equipment supplied. 7KH6RXWKHUQ$IULFD7UXVWLVDQLQGHSHQGHQWUHJLRQDOQRWIRUSUR¿WRUJDQLVDWLRQZLWKDGHGLFDWHG • Design of the entire turnkey solution, including required earth works and detailed solution setup. DQGGLYHUVHWHDPWKDWVXSSRUWVRUJDQLVDWLRQVLQ6RXWKHUQ$IULFDWRSDUWLFLSDWHPRUHHIIHFWLYHO\LQ • The design must demonstrate that the solutions is capable of operating in a subzero climate SROLF\GLDORJXHVRWKDWSROLFLHVDQGVWUDWHJLHVDFURVVWKHUHJLRQZRUNEHWWHUWRHQGSRYHUW\ FRQGLWLRQVLWPXVWDOVRFDWHUIRUHI¿FLHQWRSHUDWLRQXQGHUKLJKVSHHGZLQGFRQGLWLRQV • Supply, Installation, testing and commissioning of the entire power solution. Purpose7KHPDLQSXUSRVHRIWKLVSRVLWLRQLVWRGHYHORSDQGPDQDJHWKHQHZEXVLQHVVHQWLW\ • One-year support should be included as part of the installation costing. LQ VR IDU DV GHYHORSLQJ QHZ EXVLQHVV UHODWLRQVKLSV OHDGLQJ WR WKH JHQHUDWLRQ RI QHZ LQFRPH VWUHDPVIRUWKH7UXVW7KLVZLOOLQYROYHLGHQWLI\LQJQHZPDUNHWVDQGEXVLQHVVRSSRUWXQLWLHVWR 6XSSOLHU&RQGLWLRQV LPSURYHPDUNHWSRVLWLRQDQGDFKLHYH¿QDQFLDOJURZWK7RDFKLHYHWKLVWKHLGHDOFDQGLGDWHZLOO Compulsory Site visit shall be conducted on the VW1RYHPEHUDWKUVDW6DQL QHHGWRGHYHORSV\VWHPVDQGSURFHVVHVDLPHGDWLQFUHDVLQJVXVWDLQDELOLW\SHUIRUPDQFHRIWKH 7UXVWLQFOXGLQJHQVXULQJFRPSOLDQFHZLWKOHJDODQGHQYLURQPHQWDOLQVWUXPHQWVDVZHOODVKDYH The bidders are required to submit at least two reference letters where they have carried out WKHUHVSRQVLELOLW\RISXOOLQJWRJHWKHUDOOHOHPHQWVRIWKH7UXVW¶VVXVWDLQDELOLW\SRUWIROLR installation of wind turbine solutions within the past three years. Key Performance Areas and Responsibilities‡'HYHORSLQJDQGLPSOHPHQWLQJVWUDWHJ\‡'ULYLQJ EXVLQHVVGHYHORSPHQW VXVWDLQDELOLW\‡6XSSRUWLQJUHYHQXHFUHDWLRQWKURXJKPDQDJHPHQWDQG 7KHELGVPXVWEHVXEPLWWHGWRJHWKHUZLWK7UDGHUV/LFHQVHDQG7D[&OHDUDQFH&HUWL¿FDWHVDOOYDOLG FRRUGLQDWLRQRI‡3ROLF\DQG$GYLVRU\VHUYLFHV‡,QFOXVLYH%XVLQHVVVWUDWHJLHV‡&620DSSLQJ DQGFHUWL¿HGDWVRXUFH DQG5DWLQJ‡)XQG0DQDJHPHQW‡2I¿FH5HQWDOV‡0DUNHWLQJFRPPXQLFDWLRQVDQGVWDNHKROGHU UHODWLRQV ‡ 0DQDJHPHQW RI WKH7UXVW¶V LQYHVWPHQW DFWLYLWLHV LQ OLQH ZLWK WKH7UXVW¶V LQYHVWPHQW Tenderers must submit their bids in a sealed envelope, bearing no identity of the bidder, clearly SROLF\‡6HFWRUUHVHDUFKDQGDQDO\VLVRIPDUNHWV‡3UHSDULQJDQGVXEPLWWLQJUHSRUWVWRH[HFXWLYH marked ³'HVLJQDQG,QVWDOODWLRQRI:LQG7XUELQHVROXWLRQ´ PDQDJHPHQWRIWKH7UXVW 7HFKQLFDODQG¿QDQFLDOELGVPXVWEHSODFHGLQWKHPDLQHQYHORSHFRQWDLQHGLQWZRVHSDUDWH Competencies You Must Bring: ‡$Q(QWUHSUHQHXULDOVSLULW‡6WURQJ6WUDWHJLFOHDGHUVKLSDQG envelopes clearly marked Technical or Financial bids, respectively. EXVLQHVVPDQDJHPHQWVNLOOV‡$ELOLW\WROHDGFKDQJHDQGSURYLGHVWUDWHJLFLQSXW‡'HPRQVWUDEOH DELOLW\ WR PHHW REMHFWLYHV ZLWKLQ FKDOOHQJLQJ WLPHOLQHV ‡$QDO\WLFDO DELOLW\ DQG 'HFLVLYHQHVV ‡ Bidders are required to include a bank guaranteed cheque of M5000.00 as bid security with the 8QGHUVWDQGLQJRILQYHVWPHQWVHFWRU‡$SDVVLRQIRUGHYHORSPHQWDQGDQXQGHUVWDQGLQJRISRYHUW\ submission. 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3OHDVHIRUZDUG\RXUFXUULFXOXPYLWDHDQGFRYHULQJOHWWHUH[SODLQLQJRI\RXULQWHUHVWLQ WKHZRUNRIWKH7UXVWWRHPDLO[email protected]. Please include “Business Development & Sustainability Manager” in the email subject OLQH2QO\VKRUWOLVWHGFDQGLGDWHVZLOOEHFRQWDFWHG7KH6RXWKHUQ$IULFD7UXVWLVDQHTXDO opportunities employer. Opportunity Closing Date: 18 October 2019 Location: Johannesburg, South Africa 11354M&G

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Reference Code: Provincial Engagements TOR FUNCTIONS AT THREE INSTITUTIONS IN The DG Murray Trust, in partnership with the National Department of Social Development and AFRICA - AAS/RFP/004/2019 National Treasury, hereby invites qualified organisations to submit proposals to develop guidelines and facilitate workshops on the Sector Funding Policy (SFP). This consultancy has five core objectives: The African Academy of Sciences invites eligible and qualified firms to bid for services to provide three To facilitate the roll-out of the Sector Funding Policy; To develop guidelines, tools and templates on selected areas of the approved SFP; case studies illustrating the research management Develop the train-the-trainer toolkit; functions at three institutions in Africa. Request for Conduct training on the toolkit; Proposal documents with detailed requirements to be Provide technical assistance to provincial officials in rolling out the toolkit at a district-level. downloaded from The AAS website on the link below: The duration of the project is six months, commencing in January 2020 – June 2020. https://www.aasciences.ac.ke/tender/rfp-research- DGMT invites eligible and interested organisations, to request the Terms of Reference from [email protected] management-functions

Please quote the reference code when requesting the documentation. Proposals should be submitted strictly via email to All questions for clarification to be received by 23 October 2019. The deadline for receipt of proposals is 1 November 2019. [email protected] and marked as follows on the subject line: ‘AAS/RFP/004/2019 - RFP for Services to Provide Case Studies Illustrating Research Management Functions in Institutions in Africa’. Deadline for submission of proposals is 30th October 2019 at 1100hrs EAT. Jobs Applications submitted later than the indicated Mail& Guardian CONTACT: closing date and time shall automatically be www.mg.co.za Lesedi Badimo 011 250 7430 disqualified. Elsie Mashanzhe 011 250 7580 The African Academy of Sciences reserves the right to accept or reject any application. 40 Mail & Guardian October 11 to 17 2019 BooksArt Mancoba’s genius is at long last

In Europe, where he lived most of his life, he was the Weimar Academy), or England (in the case of Maggie Laubser, who either ‘too African’ or ‘not African enough’ in 1914 was at the Slade School of Art in London). Riason Naidoo Sonja Ferlov Mancoba and Ernest It was Mancoba too who encour- Mancoba share the same philosophi- aged Gerard Sekoto (1913–1993) nvisible in France and not rec- cal and political aspirations. This to quit South Africa and join him ognised enough in South Africa, unity generates correspondences in in Paris, which Sekoto eventually South African artist Ernest their aesthetic research … Despite did in 1947. The two artists taught IMancoba’s art and thoughts this difference of medium, their crea- at Khaiso Secondary School in were celebrated for the first tions register very early on a tension Pietersburg in 1937. Both trained at time in Paris in a retrospective between figuration and abstraction. Grace Dieu, the Diocesan teacher’s exhibition entitled I Shall Dance Distinct in their formal vocabu- training college in Pietersburg, albeit in a Different Society at the Centre lary, their works resonate in their at different times; Sekoto was nine Georges Pompidou from June 26 to expression.” years younger. September 23. Mancoba was not the first African I visited the exhibition on three Huge influence artist to study in the French capi- occasions: once with curator Alicia “The show is built as a dance,” added tal though. For example, Nigerian Knock, once for the talk and per- Knock when she initially walked artist Aina Onabolu studied at the formances, and the last time was with me through the exhibition, Académie Julian, a private art school on the eve of its closure. It was not which also plays off the title I Shall in Paris, before moving back to enough. Each time I saw something Dance in a Different Society. We see Nigeria in 1922. new, whether it was the wide assem- this too in the dialogue between the Mancoba’s story and his oeuvre are blage of Mancoba’s work from public work of Mancoba and Ferlov, con- links between African aesthetic tra- and private collections from around versing across separate exhibition ditions and Paris’s early 20th century the world, the works of Kemang spaces, as well as in the interventions modern avant-garde movements. Wa Lehulere interpreting the artist, by contemporary artists in engaging It helps us reimagine the place of or the film footage by Man Ray of a with Mancoba’s work, acknowledg- African artists in modern Western highly prized African art collection. ing his legacy and influence in their art history. From Mancoba’s earliest carv- contemporary practice. Ligner said that for Mancoba the ings in wood, to ink drawings, to “It aims at making space for a choice to leave South Africa for Paris the figurative abstract and abstract spiritual experiment … oscillating “was so that he could be in dialogue figurative paintings on canvas, with between the material and the imma- with artists sensitive to the aes- less and less paint as the years went terial, figuration and abstraction. thetic qualities of African art, like on, to the linocut prints and litho- The diversity of his practice, from Maurice de Vlaminck, André Derain, graphs, and finally the abstractions sculpture to drawing, from line to Georges Braque, Henri Matisse and in ink and watercolour and the colour, as well as the shamanic con- Avant-garde: Ernest Mancoba (above), Sonja Ferlov (centre below )and Pablo Picasso … they [he and Ferlov] coded alphabets on paper, we follow tinuity,” adds Knock. their son Wonga and members of the CoBrA art movement visited the met Joan Miró, but also Alberto the artist’s trajectory from his time As part of these conversations zoological gardens in Copenhagen in 1948. Photo (above): Peter Johansen Giacometti and Henri Geotz, who in Pietersburg (1920-1924, where he with contemporary artists, a series were their neighbours …” trained as a teacher) to his final days of related performances took place It was the dream of many artists to in Paris. on September 4 in the intermedi- go to Paris at this time. Facing racial On exactly the same dates an exhi- ate space between the two exhibi- discrimination at home, it must have bition on the work of Sonja Ferlov tions. Organised in partnership with conjured up for Mancoba the idea of Mancoba, curated by Jonas Storsve, AFRIKADAA — a Franco-Senegalese a utopia free from bigotry, and of a ran concurrently on the same 4th association that aims to promote society that supported its artists. floor of France’s renowned modern and develop art and artists from Simon Njami writes of 1920s Paris art museum, just a few metres away. or related to the African continent in Revue Noire (“Paris — The lost Born in 1904 in Boksburg, outside and its diasporas — these distinct illusions, 1996): “The myth of France Johannesburg, Mancoba died in visual and musical performances as a land of political asylum and of Paris in 2002, living through the full by Myriam Mihindou, Fabiana intellectual enlightenment is still 20th century of modern and contem- Ex-Souza, Chris Cyrille and Yann alive [at this time] ... the myth of the porary art movements, two world Cléry paid tribute to Mancoba’s French Revolution of 1789 and the wars, the Cold War, and much more. influence on modern and contempo- myth of a country without prejudice The two artists met in Paris in 1938 rary African art. The performances … ” and were married in 1942, when symbolically and magically brought Others say this was not the reality Mancoba was interned as a British the two exhibitions together, evok- that greeted them upon their arrival subject — South Africa was still a ing the spirits of Mancoba and in Paris, and Mancoba’s story reflects British colony at this time — in a Ferlov and bringing the artist couple this. In turn the Parisian image of German prisoner of war camp dur- together once more. Artist Euridice African art in the late 1930s was ing World War II. Their son Marc Zaituna Kala did a separate perfor- filled with ideas of traditional masks (also known as Wonga) was born mance on September 16. and figurines, not of African avant- in 1946, and in 1947 they moved to Included in the Mancoba exhi- garde painters. Kattinge, near Roskilde in Denmark. bition in different media were Mancoba was likely seen through There they were part of the CoBrA artworks by contemporary art- this prism of traditional African (Copenhagen, Brussels, Amsterdam) ists Wa Lehulere, Mo Laudi, Kitso art, though he studied at the Ecole art movement (1948-51), an avant- Lynn Lelliott, Mihindou and Chloé des Arts Décoratifs in Rue d’Ulm, garde group initially formed in Paris, Quenum. an art school in Paris that produced inspired by the spontaneity of chil- “I worked only with people who renowned artists such as Matisse. dren’s drawings and freedom in line understood from the inside. We’re “Some critics totally obliterate my and colour. here in this national museum of participation in the [CoBrA] move- After some disappointments with modern art. ‘Ernest is a source for ment, as modest as it admittedly has the group they returned to France artists and people. We belong to this been, in the reason that my work was in 1952, to Oigny-en-Valois, 90km heritage’,” Mihindou told me. suspected of not being European outside Paris. Mancoba gained his “There is a sense of history around enough, and … [of] ‘betraying (my) French citizenship in 1961. Mancoba. There is another kind of African origins’,” he told Obrist. tradition that emerges out of it,” “Edith Ntomtela recalls how one of his carvings, he later reflected to Sculptors and painters explained Knock. the schoolgirls posed for the carving Miles in letters that he started to ‘Inert’ African art Knock says in an interview (in When Mancoba left Cape Town and Mancoba himself remembers pay less attention to his sculpture Mancoba, along with other African French) with essayist and liter- in 1938 “he was already a BA gradu- arranging the folds of her drapery,” even before his departure, because artists, was still struggling to be rec- ary critic Eryck de Rubercy (2019) ate from Unisa and a recognised Miles wrote. Africans were taught under coloni- ognised as modern and contempo- in Revue des Deux Mondes that sculptor, although he had received Mancoba intended the viewer “to alism “that it is the intellectual gifts rary in the middle of the 20th cen- Mancoba was first a sculptor and no formal training in art”, accord- feel under the surface of the clas- that make men great and not the tury. That African art is in a state of Ferlov initially a painter. Their work ing to South African art historian sical mould an African heartbeat,” work of their hands”. flux and constantly evolving was not influenced each other’s and should Elza Miles in her book Lifeline Out he told prominent Swiss curator acknowledged at this time and not be seen together. Mancoba later of Africa: The Art of Ernest Mancoba Hans Ulrich Obrist in a celebrated An artist abroad even much later, at the end of the went towards painting and drawing (1994, Human and Rousseau). interview first published in Nka: Mancoba was the first black South century. and Ferlov went towards sculpture. Mancoba had a natural talent for Journal of Contemporary African African artist we know of to study The chief editor of Revue Noire, Sarah Ligner, curator at Musee du sculpture, as can be seen in his earli- Art (2003). Carved in indigenous in Paris. Other household names Jean Loup Pivin, writes critically Quai Branly in Paris, who completed est public commission for the Grace South African yellowwood, the sculp- in early South African modern art on this issue in his 1996 article (The her master’s thesis on Mancoba in Dieu chapel when he was only 25 ture was one of about 50 original art- who went abroad studied in the Dusk of Idols), “We cannot go on 2005, reiterates this lifelong con- years old. Entitled Bantu Madonna works by Mancoba on display at the Netherlands (in the case of Jacobus much longer being satisfied with versation between the two artists in (1929), it is noted as the earliest exhibition. Hendrik Pierneef who in 1901 was at a recognition of ritual African arts the same interview: “Parallels can be South African example where the Although fellow artists Irma Stern the Rotterdamse Kunstakademie), in that are still stubbornly called primi- drawn between the couple’s works. Virgin Mary is portrayed as black. and Lippy Lipshitz praised him for Germany (in 1913 Stern enrolled at tive without the new, modern Africa Mail & Guardian October 11 to 17 2019 41 Art acknowledged

Styles: Ernest Mancoba’s ‘Composition’ (left), a reference to African masks, contrasts with ‘Untitled’ (right). Paintings: A4 Foundation, Cape Town/Estate of Ferlov Mancoba and Collection Mikael Andersen/Estate of Ferlov Mancoba

being able to express itself. So that nent and the African diaspora. “The museum is the only museum after studying in Paris and living in a curator at the institution, is such being African doesn’t transform you Mancoba’s Painting (1965) had to have a painting by Ernest, Europe after all this time, was per- a crucial intervention. Even more so into a terrifying living mask for the already been acquired by the French acquired under Pontus Hultén, the haps not considered African enough, that it was timed to coincide with the white Parisians …” National collections in 1976, and Swedish director of the Pompidou for the likes of the curators of the retrospective on Ferlov. It is the first These essentialist and outmoded two lithographs were added to the at the time. He was familiar with the show. proper acknowledgement in France notions of African art as perpetually collection later in 1989. In 2013, the CoBrA group,” Knock told me. of Mancoba’s legacy, one also inextri- static and inert, which Pivin refers Centre national des arts plastiques So, it was not that Mancoba was Late acknowledgement cably linked to Paris and to that pio- to, are connected to long-standing deposited the same Painting at the not known in Paris at the time of This is why the retrospective in the neering generation of African artists, and clichéd European ideas of Africa National Museum of Modern Art Magiciens de la Terre, rather that revered space like the Pompidou, until now, unacknowledged in the and Africans. (Pompidou), De Rubercy informs us. “he was not European enough” and, initiated and fund-raised by Knock, modern Western art narrative. Ligner makes an acute observa- Knock did a exceptional job in tion in an article she penned in creating an exhibition that was well 2015 (“Ernest Mancoba: A modern researched, rich and complex. The African artist?”) that Mancoba’s exhibition had several layers to it work was not included in the cel- and was divided into three main ebrated Magiciens de la Terre exhi- areas: archives, studio work and a bition held the Pompidou and the “memory chamber”. Grande halle de la Villette in Paris in The first room of archives served 1989. as an introduction to Mancoba’s life: This exhibition of contemporary his arrival in Paris, where he studied, art featured the work of an equal the artists and people he engaged number of Western and non-West- with, the places he lived, his thoughts ern artists, with the likes of heavy- and writings quoted on the wall, per- weight Western artists of the time sonal photos from the different peri- such as Marina Abramovic (Serbia), ods of his life, private letters and cor- Christian Boltanski (France), Anselm respondences, passports, newspaper Kiefer (Germany), Barbara Kruger cut-outs featuring the artist, books (US), Richard Long (UK), Claes that he read, and personal objects. Oldenburg (Sweden) and Nam June All this while the artist’s voice, lifted Paik (South Korea) alongside Esther from interviews, constantly hummed Mahlangu (South Africa), Kane in the background, filling the room Kwei (Ghana), Twins Seven Seven with his presence. (Nigeria) and Chéri Samba (DR It seemed important to Knock to Congo) representing some of the acknowledge the artist’s spiritual selected artists from Africa and the aura, as she pointed out to me on rest of the world several occasions. As Mancoba him- Some of the criticism directed self told Obrist, “ … I only paint or at Jean-Hubert Martin, curator of carve when a spirit calls on me … ” the exhibition, was that the African A printed image of the shopfront artists selected were generally self- that had become the artist’s home in taught artists or artists working in central Paris from 1961, with Ferlov traditional ways and not reflective Black Virgin: Ernest Mancoba was 25 when he sculpted ‘Bantu Madonna’ (left). He produced ‘Mater Christi’ and Wonga, initially adorned one wall. of contemporary art from the conti- (right) 11 years later. Johannesburg Art Gallery, Norval Foundation/Estate of Ferlov Mancoba To Page 42 42 Mail & Guardian October 11 to 17 2019 Art Mancoba’s genius is at long last acknowledged

From Page 41 thin blue outline defines the almost Kitso Lynn Lelliott was invited to rectangular shapes. It is less clear create a video installation, pro- in this painting to identify either duced while in residency at the Cité a mask or a funerary figure, and Internationale des Arts, which was appears to be an abstract work com- projected on the same wall in the pletely liberated from figuration. last few weeks of the exhibition. In Untitled (1959) with brighter it she ghosted her own figure mov- shades of the same palette is an ing in front of an image of the same equally, if not more beautiful work, façade, via video overlays, bringing with lighter and more painterly to life the otherwise static image brush strokes. We start to see hints behind her. of the naked canvas beneath. The This double layer of the shop mood is light and even jovial. frontage created an agreeable ten- Mancoba often worked on both sion: a fixed printed image under, sides of the canvas, giving testimony over which Lelliott’s projection to the couple’s “difficult material on a loosely hung white sheet. The conditions.” Although this scarcity thin fabric also evoked the only has been well documented, the art- material that separated Mancoba ist emphasised that his hope was and Ferlov’s workspaces in their always to convey his vision as dis- 40m square studio home in the cretely as he could, “with the least Montparnasse district. material means possible”. The walls in this preliminary Knock was attentive to this detail, room served as a timeline, marking and at least two transparent glass important moments in Mancoba’s windows cut into the exhibition walls life and career. Importantly, it also reveal the flipside of these works, one marked disappointments, such of which is L’Ancêtre (1968-1970). In as the CoBrA shows he was not these later paintings the canvas is included in, indicated via strike- sparsely painted; the brush strokes through vinyl texts. are looser and freer, painted on with a Ferlov and Mancoba were invited deftness of touch, with a brighter halo by director William Zandberg effect around the lightly-gestured to exhibit with the group at the funerary shape figure. Stedelijk Museum in 1949, but Two small but important curato- Mancoba never took part that exhibi- rial interventions were gems in the tion because of a fallout in the group. Variety: ‘Untitled’ (above), in ink and oil pastels on paper, is undated. ‘Painting’ (below), an oil on canvas, was exhibition, both displayed on tiny “He was the only black person done in 1951. Paintings: Collection Mikael Andersen/Estate of Ferlov Mancoba and Collection privée, Cape Town/ monitors. The one was film foot- in the CoBrA group. The black dot Estate of Ferlov Mancoba age shot by Dada and Surrealist of the group. The invisible man. artist Ray of Danish collector Carl He was seen as Sonja’s partner, ence of Bakota figures. It echoed the Kjersmeier’s collection of African someone accompanying her [in sharp, incisive lines of Mancoba’s art. “Sonja grew up with a very Denmark], because of the racism of first linocuts such as Untitled (1962), important African collection, [that the time,” said Knock. on exhibition in the same area. belonged to] friends of her parents. Mancoba told Obrist: “The embar- Wa Lehulere’s contemporary One of the biggest collectors of rassment that my presence caused wooden statuette was deliber- African art in Europe,” Knock told — to the point of making me, in their ately positioned in conversation me, referring to Kjersmeier’s collec- eyes, some sort of ‘invisible man’ or with Untitled, (1986), a lithograph tion. The other monitor displayed merely the comfort of a European by Mancoba, in which the cen- intimate footage of the three mem- woman artist — was understand- tral funerary figure can be clearly bers of the Mancoba family walking able, as before me, there had never seen in hard-edge black lines on together on a beach somewhere, far been, to my knowledge, any black off-white paper. It is an interest- away from the camera. man taking part in the visual arts ing triangle, with Mancoba being The exhibition also showcased ‘avant-garde’ of the Western world.” inspired by the Bakota figures and Mancoba’s ink drawings on paper In Mancoba’s own words we hear Wa Lehulere drawing inspiration dating from the 1960s, influenced that he was a pioneer African artist from Mancoba and interpreting by Inuit objects he had seen in in being a part of CoBrA, a major the funerary figures in praise of the Copenhagen. Knock’s inclusion avant-garde Western art movement elder artist. of Chloé Quenum’s tiny jade carv- (Cuban Wilfredo Lam was part of “Wa Lehulere’s film was acquired ings in this exhibition, inspired by the Surrealist movement in Paris). for the Pompidou collection and this historic Oceanic and West African Mancoba was eventually appro- sparked the idea for the Mancoba art, evoke Mancoba’s interest in priately acknowledged in Denmark exhibition. It started with Kemang; the spiritual, deeply symbolic and with retrospective exhibitions dedi- he drew my attention to Ernest coded means of expression. The cated to his work at the Aarhus Mancoba,” Knock told me. artist’s ink and watercolour draw- Kunstmuseum and the Holstebro ings were some of the most powerful Kunstmuseum in 1969 and at Influences works in the exhibition. A work such the Københavns Kunstforening Some of the elder artist’s early ink as Untitled (undated) minimally in Copenhagen, the Fyns Stifts drawings such as Tegning from 1939 echoes the essential lines of shapes Kunstmuseum in Odense and the explicitly reveal the inspiration he suggested in his paintings, with the Silkeborg Kunstmuseum in 1977, drew from African masks, which subtlest gestures in colour and form. finally marking his contribution to Miles attributes to the Mboom initi- The artist’s oeuvre is completed the Danish contemporary art scene. ation masks from the Congo, which with his calligraphic drawings, a he is said to have encountered at the system of coded signs created in the Recognised at home in ’94 British Museum in 1938, then the 1990s, after the death of his wife Back in South Africa, Mancoba was studio practice and which occupied with the artist’s moving image and Museum of Mankind, before mak- in 1984. This secret language sys- recognised in the historic year of the main space in the exhibition, voice, restoring his memory into ing his way to Paris. tem recalls another African artist its first democratic elections. Elza one passed through two interven- art history, together with Obrist, Miles noted that Mancoba created Frédéric Bruly Bouabré (1923-2014), Miles curated the exhibition Hand tions by contemporary artists that while intervening in the video with his first oil painting in 1940, while who developed his own language sys- in Hand on the work of Mancoba reflect on the artist’s work. rolling text edits, silences, and ani- interned, in the war camp at St tem in signs and images, annotated and Ferlov at the Johannesburg The one was a 2019 sound piece, mated white chalk line drawings on Denis, just outside Paris. He turned in postcard-size colour drawings. Art Gallery (1994) and at the Motho ke Motho ka Batho (A Tribute blackboard. more and more to painting and Bouabré was included in Magiciens South African National Gallery to Mancoba), by Paris-based Afro- Wa Lehulere’s punctuations drawing after the war. de la Terre. (1995). Miles had first encountered electro DJ Mo Laudi, intimately slowly merge into the impression His colourful oil on canvas Mancoba’s work included the in listened to with headphones, which of the central figure image, so domi- Composition (1940), an abstract Once in a lifetime 1983 in the CoBrA group retrospec- used Mancoba’s voice mixed with nant in Mancoba’s drawings and work in strong contrasting geomet- It was a rare treat to experience an tive exhibition held at the Musée Laudi’s original ambient composi- paintings from his later decades, ric lines of colour, dominated by exhibition dedicated to the South National d’Art Moderne in Paris. tions in the background, along with which was inspired by the Bakota reds, greens and ochres with darker African experimental and pioneering In 1994 Brigitte Thompson made other archival South African sounds funeral effigies of Gabon that he areas in blue, make explicit refer- avant-garde artist at the Pompidou. a short documentary film about the such as Marikana miners chanting a is said to have encountered at the ence to masks. Emerging in this A once in a lifetime occasion per- artist entitled Ernest Mancoba at year after the massacre, and music Musée de l’Homme in Paris. work is the artist’s ambiguous dance haps. There was talk of the exhibi- Home and in 2006 curated an exhi- samples from Solomon Linda’s Knock included a second artwork between abstraction and figuration, tion touring to the US and South bition on Mancoba’s work, with Mbube (1939), among others. by Wa Lehulere, Does This Mirror and the figurative in his abstraction. Africa. I do hope so. This exhibition an accompanying catalogue enti- The second was a 22-minute video Have a Memory? (Ernest Mancoba) Painting (1951) was one of my needs to be seen everywhere, but it tled “In the name of All Humanity: piece by Wa Lehulere, Where, If 1986-2015, in the “memory cham- favourites of the exhibition, with is especially important to be seen in The African spiritual expression Not Far Away, is My Place? (2015), ber”, the third and final area of the broad, bold shapes in ochres, greys South Africa and in other countries of E Mancoba, at the Gold of Africa which was made from video footage exhibition. This was a powerful and and browns dominating the mood, in Africa. Museum in Cape Town”. of the critical Obrist interview with evocative wood carving, with small highlighted by a few shapes col- Knock is working on a book on As one moved into the next room, Mancoba. Through it Wa Lehulere details such as a piece of cloth and oured in blue and green, and fewer Mancoba, which will be out some- which opened to reveal Mancoba’s directly confronts the audience a feather on top, recalling the influ- still (two each) in red and white. A time next year. Mail & Guardian October 11 to 17 2019 43 Books Skin Deep peels race science This book is an important fightback against the re-emergence of racist genetic determinism

SKIN DEEP: JOURNEYS IN THE DIVISIVE science is that purveyed by Richard SCIENCE OF RACE by Gavin Evans Lynn, a professor emeritus at the (OneWorld) University of Ulster. He’s now 89 and “the source most cited by the Shaun de Waal authors of The Bell Curve”. Lynn Misuse: In the 1830s, American physician Samuel Morton measured the size of African, Caucasian, Mongolian, used intelligence studies of the San Native American and Malay skulls. Photo: University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology avin Evans used to work to “prove” that at the bottom of the at this publication three (racially grouped) intelligence stakes genetic inheritance as at least 50% decades ago, when it were “Bushmen, Hottentots and responsible for this alleged differ- Gwas The Weekly Mail. Pygmies”. He claimed the average ence in intelligence, and The Bell He is now a lecturer at San intelligence, as measured by IQ Curve agreed. Race science needs to Birkbeck College, London, and the (intelligence quotient) tests, was 54, find not only such differences but to author of several books. His new “at the low end of the range of mild ascribe them to racial heredity. book, Skin Deep, develops out of his mental retardation in economically Evans shows how Lynn and others’ previous work, Black Brain, White developed nations”. race science distorts real scientific Brain (2014), as well as drawing on “An IQ of 54 represents the mental knowledge, driven by a desire to give his experiences of growing up and age of the average European eight- the “soft sciences” (such as social living in South Africa. year old child,” he wrote. studies) the credibility of hard sci- Skin Deep takes a long, careful Lynn went on to claim, based ences such as physics — it’s the lure look at race science and scientific on studies conducted in apartheid of all those irrefutable numbers. He racism, especially as they operate South Africa (and tweaked further by goes back as far as humanity’s earli- in the area of intelligence measure- him), that the average African IQ is est migrations out of Africa to show ment. The core argument of Charles 75 — that’s 25 points lower than that how evolutionary science has been Murray and Richard Herrnstein’s of white Americans and 10 below misapplied and how false assump- infamous 1994 book, The Bell Curve, that of black Americans. Lynn saw tions about heritability warp the was that different “races” showed results, even when they’re not delib- different levels of intelligence, and erately stretched into shapes that that this intelligence was geneti- suit the race scientists. cally determined and inherited — He looks deeply into what intel- basically, that black people are stu- ligence is, how it has been measured pid and white people are clever. and why IQ tests are a very unreliable This view goes back a long way, to yardstick of anything: the definitions the “social Darwinists” who twisted are dubious and the calculations Charles Darwin’s theory of evolu- involved are highly manipulable. tion by natural selection into an Skin Deep is a comprehensive ideology of white supremacy, using study of several broad, overlapping it to justify colonialism, and on into fields, pitting fake science against the era of racial eugenics so beloved real understanding (and doubt), and of the Nazis. Such “racist genetic linking these to the political currents determinism” has been debunked driving such arguments today. It’s a time and again but, as Evans notes, fascinating book, written in a lively, it is enjoying a resurgence in the age engaging way, offering strong coun- of Donald Trump, the alt-right and ter-arguments to the kind of rac- the re-emergence of anti-immigra- ist “knowledge” that underpinned tion and fascist politics in Europe. apartheid. We need such works to Thus, as he says, it’s time to debunk help fight against the kind of neo- it all again. apartheid thinking now re-emerg- An example of this kind of pseudo- ing all over the world.

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Book early, to secure your seat and goodie bag. Visit https://qkt.io/MGClarins or call 11 250 7300 or email [email protected] if you have queries or require group discount. Pseudo South Africa R45.00 science: Zimbabwe US$3 New book Mozambique M206.80 offers counter- Zambia K45 arguments Kenya Ksh305 to the racist Botswana P45.00 ‘knowledge’ E45.00 / Lesotho M45.00 that supported Namibia N$45.00 October 11 to 17 2019 • mg.co.za/arts apartheid PDF Replica Digital Edition R25.00 Friday Page 43 UNTITLED ERNEST MANCOBA/ ERNEST Invisible Man Page 40 Scotland defies super-typhoon Scotland have made it clear that they expect the Rugby World Cup organis- ers to make a plan should the super-typhoon Hagibis blow too close to their game against Japan on Sunday. Two matches to have been played this week- end have been cancelled, and serious doubts have been raised about the crucial Pool A encounter going ahead. The Scots will be eliminated should it be scrapped. Head coach Gregor Townsend has insisted that his team will play indoors if necessary. “What do we need? We need offi cials, we need players,” he said. “The way I read the rules was that you can’t change days October 11 to 17 2019 • Sportmg.co.za/sport but you could change venues, and contingencies would be in place.”

Plenty to ponder: Coach Molefi Ntseki finally gets to take charge of Bafana Bafana in a real match when they take on Mali. Photo: Lefty Shivambu/Gallo Images Ntseki hustles to make his mark

After an interrupted start, the new Bafana coach still important for them to be in this held until the team sheet is released. ages hard work just as it expels camp because we are playing back to As the team stands, the coach has indiff erence. has only one friendly to prepare for Afcon qualifiers back against Ghana and Sudan. already begun to make good on his “I’m excited; I’m happy to be here,” “There are too many faces of the promise to oversee an inclusive camp Lebusa said on the sidelines of train- Luke Feltham late arrivals joined up: Kamohelo game and in preparation you will that draws on form and not reputa- ing at FNB Stadium this week. “I Mokotjo waited at OR Tambo have what we call tactical fl exibility. tion. Tshepo Rikhotso (Bloemfontein think I just have to believe in myself t’s taken a while but Molefi International airport for to The group that we have called up will Celtic), Thato Mokeke (Cape Town and keep working hard and hope- Ntseki will finally get to sit in arrive from a later fl ight before head- give us that,” he said. “Tactical fl ex- City), Mothobi Mvala (Highlands fully I’ll get another call-up.” the Bafana coach’s seat for the ing to the side’s hotel. By that time ibility in this case means that if you Park) and Ricardo Goss (Bidvest The centre-back has long been Ifirst time. He was previously everybody else had rushed off to the play a certain system, you can easily Wits) would all get their first cap praised by his club coach, Pitso denied that opportunity after FNB Stadium for a last training ses- change in the game to play another if called upon. Others, such as Eric Mosimane, as one of the best in the Zambia pulled out of a friendly at sion in the Highveld before boarding system. Preparing for back-to-back Mathoho and Mosa Lebusa, find country but has nonetheless found the beginning of September because a plane to Port Elizabeth. Wednesday games we need everybody in this themselves back in the squad after it diffi cult to break into the national of the escalating xenophobic attacks saw excited visitors arrive from the team. They can raise their hand and missing out on Afcon this year. Some setup. The next challenge will be for plaguing the nation. Nelson Mandela Children’s Fund. be ready to play against Ghana or of the changes have been injury him and Mathoho to disrupt the pre- Now, a month later, South Africa Thursday completed the week — Sudan in November.” forced but there is still a definite ferred pairing of Wits duo Thulani will take on Mali in the Nelson which additionally had media oppor- A number of injuries and concerns sense of equal opportunity. Hlatshwayo and Buhle Mkhwanazi. Mandela Challenge in Port Elizabeth tunities sandwiched throughout — have not made Ntseki’s week any eas- “We are giving everybody a chance. “It’s good competition,” Lebusa on Sunday. The responsibility that with a training match. ier. Team doctor Thulani Ngwenya Do well and you’ll get a chance. Is said. “I know Tyson [Hlatshwayo] comes with playing under the great Such a schedule is nothing out of has found the spotlight unusually your team doing well? It means you’ll from way back at Ajax. I’m just happy name is not lost on Ntseki. the ordinary for a national team but pinned on him as he was called on get the spotlight,” Ntseki said. to be with him again. I just want to “Firstly, it’s historic playing in the the rushed nature of it becomes rel- to provide regular updates on the This is only the beginning, if Ntseki learn from him and Buhle because ,” he said evant when we consider just how health of the team. Thamsanqa is to be believed. He reiterated his they’ve been here for so long.” this week. “For us to be part of the little time Ntseki has to fashion this Mkhize, Brandon Petersen and desire to track down and monitor One of the failings of Bafana over 25-year celebration, it’s a cherry on team in his image before the impor- were sent home, anyone around the world who might the last few years was that there top. All the players we’ve selected tant games start rolling in. Thanks to while remains a doubt. have South African eligibility and to never was a concrete sense that the are looking forward to playing for the failure to play a match during the All eyes, however, have of course ensure a video analyst is watching side was able to turn results into Nelson Mandela — the late icon of last international break, Mali will be been on Percy Tau — the nation’s their games and compiling clips that progress. There were moments for our country. As an individual, this his only chance to test out any ideas golden hope who further burnished can be accessed with a click. but it’s hard to argue will also be my fi rst game as coach before two important Africa Cup of his reputation by playing a key role Kearyn Baccus — Kaizer Chiefs’ that the team is better off now than and I’m looking forward to the game Nations qualifiers against Ghana in Club Brugge’s incredible 2-2 draw Australian-raised midfielder — when he fi rst found it. By showing itself. I hope the positivity that we and Sudan in November. Thus, every at the Bernabéu last week. and Preston North End’s Tom a willingness to blood new players have in the team right now will fi lter minute of the 90 on Sunday becomes He arrived in camp with a niggle Barkhuizen are two examples he outside the Cosafa Cup, Ntseki is down on to the pitch.” an important trial. but Ngwenya was happy to let him gave of players he’s looking into. already encouraging healthy com- The nature of the occasion has “We will have a maximum use join a full session — provided he was Polokwane City goalkeeper Cyril petition and widening the selec- necessitated a busy week ahead of of the game itself. We are looking a monitored — by Wednesday. The Chibwe, meanwhile, has rejected tion pool. his anticipated debut. On Monday, playing 90% of the players because in faith that millions have in the dimin- Ntseki’s advances in favour of repre- It may just be an exhibition but the squad paid a courtesy visit to the a friendly you can only make six sub- utive attacker is one thing that will senting Zambia. Sunday’s clash with Mali is increas- Nelson Mandela Children’s Hospital stitutes,” Ntseki said. “The rest of the not be changing under the new boss In theory, the approach should ingly shaping up to be a preview of in Parktown. The next day the last guys that will be on the bench. It’s and there will be a collective breath foster an atmosphere that encour- what we can expect from his reign. 2 Mail & Guardian Sport October 11 to 17 2019 Sport Back-on-track Boks

Luke Feltham from our opening game against the All Blacks, if we’re being honest the The Rugby World Cup pool stages others should have been easy, and are nearly over. That’s probably a they have been. good thing, given that towards the “But I don’t care what the opposi- end it’s beginning to feel a bit like tion is like, in that first 20-30 min- a non-event — which is really what utes [of the Canada game], the execu- we expected after a handful of key tion was very good and that’s what encounters kicked things off. counts. It’s a pity it fell away a bit in Still, before we can look forward to the second half. Whether you’re play- the quarter-finals, there’s a few house- ing a weak side or a strong side, if keeping issues that need to be resolved you let the ball do the work and get this weekend. How the games finish the basics right like we did, then you may also have a lasting effect on how can beat any side.” the group stages play out. Erasmus would be remiss to forget After failing to achieve Plan A that first game, however. No mat- by beating New Zealand, Rassie ter how good his side are from this Erasmus made no mistake in car- point, they’ll still likely have to beat rying out Plan B: build momentum New Zealand if they’re to make it all with a few thumpings while rotat- the way. ing the deck to maintain a fresh and “From the loss we must learn hungry side. something,” says former Springbok The Springboks capped that and Blue Bulls assistant Tim approach off nicely with a 66-7 win Dlulane. “On attack we’re not sharp over Canada on Tuesday and can enough. Going into the knockout Poachers: (above) and Bradley Grobler (below) are two of the forwards head coach now rest easy over the next few days. stages we have to be spot on, we have Molefi Ntseki will likely entrust with impoving a painful scoring ratio in the national team. “I think it went as predicted,” for- to be clinical. Defence, yes, we’re able Photos: Ueslei Marcelino/Reuters and Sydney Seshibedi/Gallo Images mer Bok coach and national selec- to defend, but going forward it’s nec- tor Ian McIntosh weighed in. “Apart essary to be sharper.” Racism stops

Alleged assault divides the country on whether Springboks have the ability to build a nation

Lester Kiewit of Parliament with some political parties questioning the impartiality ie Watergat pub is right of the South African Human Rights in the centre of Lange- Commission in investigating the baan, at the big traffic matter. Dcircle. You can’t miss it. The , a successor of It is just before mid- the Broederbond, and the Freedom day, and patrons are entering to Front Plus have raised concerns over watch the Springboks play Canada in the rights body’s handling of the a Rugby World Cup match. matter. The patrons are mostly older and Commission chairperson Bongani white. Many younger patrons are at Majola admits their intentions to work this time of the day. keep the public informed about the Langebaan residents say Die case may have led to unnecessary Watergat is mainly patronised by political attention on the matter. white people, with the bar across the “Perhaps the running commentary Bafana’s Grobler ups the goals road mainly frequented by coloured in order to keep the public updated and African people. may have brought more focus on There’s plenty to cheer about on this matter. It’s possible we may have Eyaaz Matwadia make it, I can score goals’,” Ntseki may not appreciate what he actu- this day. The Springboks are making done that inadvertently,” he says. said. ally did, but as a player who plays in light work of their opponents. “The case has been political with The art of goalscoring has been This confidence was reflected in his position, I understand what he’s Everybody is happy; united when everybody trying to make a politi- South African football’s Achilles heel. the robust attitude Grobler showed done and I think he did extremely the Springboks win. cal point out of it when the rights of It didn’t look like it was getting any during training on Tuesday. well,” Grobler said. Just weeks ago, however, the park- the victims have been violated. We better at the Africa Cup of Nations “I’m very happy to be back with the But, this season, Mothiba has failed ing area of the pub was the scene of should concentrate on how we pro- (Afcon), barring the attacking dis- national team. It’s been a frustrating to find the net in eight appearances an alleged crime that threatens to tect their rights.” play shown against Egypt in the last couple of years for me going in and for his club, Strasbourg. Although undo much of rugby’s unifying spirit. Majola also rejected claims by a 16. But there are signals that this may out with injuries and that,” he said. Ntseki is apprehensive about the Springbok rugby player Eben civil society group representing the change with different pairs of boots He offered some insight into the confidence levels of players who Etzebeth is said to have been part victims that Etzebeth was assured and an avant-garde mentality. tactics Bafana will use against Mali come into the team without scoring, of an alleged race-based assault just that no investigation would take Bafana Bafana managed just three on Saturday, including getting the he has kept his faith in Mothiba. days before the World Cup squad place and that he was free to go to goals in five games at Afcon and only quicker players on the ball more “If you look at Kermit, Bradley and announcement in August. Japan. managed to net more than once in often instead of asking them to play Lebo, they have been doing well for The incident has also become a “We couldn’t just disallow him to three of their last 12 competitive off the number nine. their teams and we are looking to focal point in the committee rooms go to Japan. We are not the police. All encounters. Over the years there “We had a nice meeting with the having that positiveness come into has not been a single source of goals coach last night [Monday],” Grobler Bafana Bafana,” Nsteki said. the country can bank on in times of said. “We watched a few video clips That optimistic attitude Ntseki need. and I think we are fortunate that we yearns for in attack has been tackled But with goals flying in so far dur- have a lot of different players that at club level in recent years and, for ing this season’s Premier Soccer give us the opportunity to play a lot the Supersport United forward, it League, coach Molefi Ntseki and his of different formations.” feels like “times are changing”. strikers are feeling confident. At Afcon, Bafana employed a tac- “Over the last few years the amount This is especially so for two of tic reminiscent of France during of shooting drills we are doing at Bafana Bafana’s forwards, Bradley the 2018 World Cup. Lebo Mothiba training and compared to when I Grobler and Kermit Erasmus, who played an almost Olivier Giroud-type was growing up — there’s definitely a have both found the net five times for of game, which would allow Percy lot more focus on attacking play and their respective clubs. Tau and either or getting crosses in. So I think it’s just “It is something very good for us. Thembinkosi Lorch to run off him. It something we’ve got to keep work- Because you have strikers that are did not bring the same success as the ing on and it’s a good start,” Grobler scoring, you bring them into the French had in Russia, but the coun- said. camp. They will have that confi- ter-attacks they produced against There is no doubt that the will is dence going into the game against Egypt were enough to suggest the present but when chances fall the Mali, against Ghana, against Sudan formation holds the potential to way of these in-form forwards over to score goals. Because all that is threaten any opposition. the next three international matches, important is the positiveness to have “Watching Afcon, I think Lebo did we’ll know whether training ground Crime scene? The parking lot of the Langebaan pub, Die Watergat, in yourself as a player to say, ‘I can extremely well and a lot of people drills translate into goals. where the alleged assault took place. Photo: David Harrison Mail & Guardian Sport October 11 to 17 2019 3 await weekend winners

Off the field, things haven’t gone Cups, the hosts have set themselves Weather permitting, the Scots quite so smoothly for Erasmus. For up beautifully to not only make it will of course fancy their chances the past two weeks, he has had to into the knockouts, but do so atop of going through — a bonus point advertise a united front, as more their group. All that stands in their victory will see them step over the evidence emerges to back-up alle- way is Scotland — the step-child of Brave Blossoms. The multiple poten- gations of racist behaviour by Eben British rugby at the moment. tial outcomes of Sunday and meaty Etzebeth. That’s assuming they even get stakes make Pool A by far the most To make things worse, the head to the match. World Rugby on intriguing. coach would find himself preoccu- Thursday morning made the unprec- The Springboks will face Japan pied with dismissing suggestions edented decision to cancel two next if the hosts win, and likely the that Francois Steyn “shooed away” matches — New Zealand v Italy and Irish if not — although that too is on Makazole Mapimpi —an incident France v England — due to the immi- the assumption that Ireland get a that caught fire on social media nent super-typhoon Hagibis. The bonus point in their game, as theo- back home. move won’t affect the positioning of retically Scotland could finish on Erasmus’s staff will be doing eve- the latter two while Italy, who tech- top. In the air: The Springboks have made good gains, but the work is far rything it can to ensure the outside nically could qualify, would honestly Still, Erasmus can probably prepare from over in Japan. Photo: Warren Little/World Rugby/Getty Images noise does not permeate the camp not have expected to beat the world for either Japan or Ireland. The latter and affect player psyche — some- champions. There will be major ram- is the harder game on paper, but the played some very good rugby. I hon- face Japan, knowing you are preparing thing they could ill afford as their ifications, however, should the final dismal events of Brighton 2015 still estly believe that either way — as we yourself better on your attack.” next opponents come into vision. Pool A match be cancelled, which burn too brightly in South Africa’s carry more momentum and become With convincing pool stage wins, Which could be Japan. Here’s will be decided on Sunday morning. collective memory for them to be acclimatised — we’ll go through.” it’s hard to think Erasmus cares too one side that have ensured the pool It will render the Scots’ 61-0 hid- overjoyed with the other option. Dlulane disagrees. much who he faces. He knows that stages represent more than just a ing of Russia irrelevant and will see “I’ll be quite frank with you, I’m “I’d rather face Japan in the quar- anything but a final appearance — race to get a preferred position for them knocked out (assuming Ireland not too worried about Ireland,” ters,” he says “Yes, they will come with the quality at his disposal — will the quarters. Of the third to fifth beat Samoa). In such a scenario McIntosh asserts. “Japan ... all right with everything but I think we’d be likely be seen a flop and he will have seeds, they are the only ones to make Ireland will likely shoot to the top we beat them convincingly in a better prepared because we lost to to beat the best of the rest either way. a genuine go at qualification. with a bonus point victory. Games warm-up, but some of these coaches them before. It’s a compliment that perhaps the By beating Ireland, their second that are called off are chalked up as don’t show their full hands in such “Ireland is one of the top performing bigger question is: who can avoid the massive upset in as many World 0-0 draws. games, because since then they’ve nations. As a player I think I’d prefer to Springboks? rugby’s try at uniting SA

we needed to do is put the allegations to him and then let him go. We never guaranteed he could not go. We don’t have that power,” Majola says. It’s alleged Etzebeth and a group of other men assaulted, pistol-whipped, and racially abused four people in the early hours of a Sunday morning after the bars had closed. It’s alleged Etzebeth called 42-year- old Enver Wilsnach a “hotnot”, a derogatory term for coloured people. The rugby star has vehemently denied the allegations. “It is completely untrue and unfounded to claim that I physi- cally or racially abused anyone in Langebaan as has been reported on social media,” he said on his official social media accounts. I am and will always strive to be a true ambassador to this beautiful rainbow nation and the sport that I love.” Last week the commission announced it would lodge a com- plaint at the equality court for Etzebeth to answer the allegations. There’s still no word from the police when a criminal investigation into the incident will be completed. The controversy has split Langebaan, South African rugby sup- porters and even the ANC. Some residents of the town say the incident was a misunderstanding and has been blown out of proportion and that it was not a racial incident. Others believe it’s in line with the Muddied waters: Eben Etzebeth (centre) has been accused of physically and racially abusing Enver Wilsbach. Photo: Shaun Botterill/Getty Images character of young men who party in Langebaan on weekends. The former Langebaan Rugby Club put me down … When I see that guy for a group of substitute players who which South Africa won in the pres- Meanwhile, the victims of the winger is considered a sporting leg- [Etzebeth] then the memories come come on to the field later in the game ence of former President Nelson alleged attack still sit with the scars end in his community. back. I can’t watch the Springboks and that he was not offended. Mandela. as they await justice. “I played from 17 years old till I was when he’s playing.” It’s examples such as these that Meanwhile, there have been other Wilsnach leans against the front 31. When I played rugby I enjoyed This week the ANC in the Western have left many rugby spectators itch- complaints and counter complaints wall of his home while he is talking to it. I was almost selected to play for Cape called on SA Rugby to send ing to call out racism in the game. about how the commission has han- the Mail & Guardian. Boland, but I was told I’m too small. Etzebeth home to answer to the Lecturer in sport history at dled the matter. His wheelchair-bound mother But I had speed. I played against Avril allegations. Stellenbosch University, Francois Political parties have called out shouts for him to rather bring the Williams [second black Springbok] This flies in the face of Parliament’s Cleophas says this reaction by fans is commission representatives for pre- conversation inside. and those guys,” he recalls with a ANC-majority sports committee, justifiable. judging Etzebeth as guilty without Indoors, Wilsnach shows some of smile. which said the matter was poorly “I don’t think we have to look for properly investigating all versions of his injuries. He still has scars on his But it is difficult for Wilsnach to handled by the commission and that examples of racism, it is there. We the story. head, which he says are the result of watch the Rugby World Cup, or even the national team did not need any just have to look at our divided soci- Yet some Langebaan civic groups being pistol-whipped. news of it on TV. He says he supports distractions during the tournament ety. Even the Springbok symbol itself have accused the same commis- He says more than a month later, the Springboks. But they remind him In another incident at the World is an apartheid symbol. And even the sion of showing the lock preferential he still suffers from headaches. of his alleged assault. Cup, Springbok winger Makazole symbol speaks to what is below the treatment. “I can’t talk much about what hap- “There are good players on the Mapimpi had to come out and defend surface, to what people linger for, to In the meantime, Wilsnach says pened. My lawyer has to deal with all team. Good players of colour like his white teammates for not includ- the past,” he says. he catches a glimpse of World Cup these things,” he insists. Cheslin Kolbe and them. Even ing him in a team huddle after the For Cleophas the image that SA games when he can. But he’s still But he is willing to talk about Etzebeth, he’s a good player. But game against Italy. Rugby projects as a nation unifier is deciding whether he’ll continue to rugby. that word that he used against me, it He explained that the huddle was a myth built on the 1995 World Cup support the Springboks. 4 Mail & Guardian Sport October 11 to 17 2019 Sport

JDE 204 THE ORIGINAL SOUTH AFRICAN CRYPTIC CROSSWORD by George Euvrard Across Down 1 Trading necessity about a quiet 1 Crack business able to hold one movement (4,4) direction (7) 5 Fitting for returning salesman (6) 2 Glide through busking centre (3) 10 Nile enchantress conjures up 3 Theatre awards cast pud, car lamps (7,8) and fuel (5,2,3) 11 Plastered brine over inapt feed 4 Work on stage with music drama regularly (10) (5) 13 Stepped into retro design (4) 6 Service is good on radio (4) 15 Drain pipe (7) 7 Painter left art; it is unfortunate 17 Crazy head is cut short – ugh! (11) (7) 8 Governs without top boards (7) 18 Charge to go out with guy? (7) 9 Carrier pigeon actually starts 19 More dirty and dismal, in other to rap and beg to be released words – resistance (7) (5,3) 21 Fallow – return of grass (4) 12 Boost sad hen party with 22 Newcomers eat and sit around English chaps at last (11) after All Souls Day (10) 14 Take in fool – one male, one The waiting game: Tottenham manager Mauricio Pochettino and 25 Sketchers’ breasts covered by dead (10) attacking midfielder Christian Eriksen. Photo: Dylan Martinez/Reuters dressers? (6,2,7) 16 Direct close confrontation 27 Say “No return!” to prompt closed to Afrikaners almost (2,4) three times (3-2-3) Solutions and explanations 28 European hostels cook grub 18 Second croc wiggles over can be found at mg.co.za/ with ease (8) land (7) crossword 20 Stops sisters fighting (7) 23 House in far ends of Bokkeveld Has MoPo’s alluvial plateau (5) 24 Must empty some of dam (4) Go to ‘JDE’ on facebook for 26 Mountain ejects first discussion and solutions to burgeoning amount of power every JDE crossword, and gift expired? (3) talk or stalk!

The Argentine’s ability to inspire his players at QUICK CROSSWORD Spurs to overachieve seems to have ended Across Down 1 Batsman facing the bowling (7) 1 Session of over- indulgence 8 Self-inflicted setback (3,4) (5) what to prescribe to address his own Luke Feltham 9 Loud and harsh (7) 2 Encircling (5) diagnosis. It’s unlikely he will any- 10 Non-believer (7) 3 Be well informed (4,5,4) auricio Pochettino time soon, too. Even to an outsider, 11 Bequeath (5) 4 String of devotional beads (6) was so upset after the issues the club is facing appear to 13 Conjuror’s exclamation (3,6) 5 Scarce (2,5,6) the Champions run far deeper than anything a tweak 15 Cold-blooded (9) 6 It rose (anag) (6) League final that he in tactics could resolve. M 18 (Of a diamond) rough (5) 7 One of the three Fates (6) jumped on a train Pochettino is now navigating his 21 Territorial struggle at the 12 Moniker (4) and went straight to his home in sixth year at the club. In that time climax of a trick between 14 Ban resulting from social Barcelona. He would later confess he has overseen the same core group gangs (4,3) custom (4) to wallowing indoors for the next 10 of players — we’d like to believe that 22 Instinctive motive (7) 15 Hired gun (6) days, imprisoned by the memory of this is by choice but with Spurs living 23 Choose not to consume (7) 16 Take into custody (6) slipping at the finish line. A few days frugally and financing their own sta- 24 Bangor’s county (7) 17 Sinful (6) in, he tried to drive a few golf balls dium he hasn’t been given too many 19 Give birth (to whales or in frustration but his distracted options. That he’s been able to push icebergs) (5) swings didn’t do much to help. his charges to stretch every sinew to 20 Tendency (5) It’s easy to picture him whack- its limit is already a minor miracle. It ing at the green angrily again this was only going to be a matter of time 14, 678 week. Tottenham Hotspur have until it expired. been awful. What an indictment it It’s hard to blame the coach. How is that mentioning the 7-2 loss to does one keep an outfit firing at Bayern Munich and 3-0 humbling 100% for five gruelling years? Five LAST WEEK’S SOLUTIONS by Brighton doesn’t feel sufficient to years that have regrettably not pro- Quick Crossword 14, 677 convey their level of ineptitude. duced anything tangible and offered Cryptic Crossword JDE 203 No one is playing like they want wages lower than those elsewhere. to be there. The rumour-mongers Meanwhile, Kyle Walker is showing and “insiders” would tell you that his old teammates the alluring prof- the squad wasn’t too impressed by its that can be turned from trading in Pochettino’s little train ride. Others the Lilywhite shirt. might insist his rigorous training So is Pochettino primed for the regimens have finally bought him sack? Is there any other way to disfavour. Yet, it’s hard to buy into reverse the decline? You have to the idea that he’s lost the dress- imagine these are the questions he’s ing room. There’s no hard evidence pondering this break. the players are questioning his The bookies certainly think it’s the leadership. only option. He now tops many of But where there once was cease- their spreadsheets as the likeliest to less pressing, there now sits lethargy. lose his job next in the league. Hustle has turned to ambivalence. Although the solution is not appar- This same group of players that tore ent, watching one of the league’s defenders’ shins and ankles to force longest-serving managers bow out them into a mistake are now hand- in these circumstances will feel ines- ing out hall passes. Spurs have been capably dirty. As low as Spurs might able to overachieve over the last half- be right now, there is no denying decade on the back of that ethic. Now that the club has been set up beauti- How to play Sudoku: Place a number from 1 to 9 that it’s evaporated they look lost. fully for the long term. SUDOKU in each empty cell so that each row, each column and Pochettino shares the observation. Right now, Tottenham, with one each 3x3 block contains all the numbers from 1 to 9. “Collectively, we need to press of the grandest stadiums in the land better,” he has said. “I was talking and a healthy balance sheet, are set 83 with some players — it’s like when up for the future. Much of the credit 25 LAST WEEK’S SOLUTION you go with friends to play five-a- goes to the mastermind, chairperson side. No one wants to go in goal. Daniel Levy, but the parallel on-field 46 529386174 You want to play with the ball. You progression would not have been 471295368 don’t want to be chasing people possible without Pochettino. 614 385 and running in behind. Maybe we Which all brings us right back to 863174529 lose this balance. where we started. Just how long 36 27 792843615 “There is another part to the game will Levy be willing to wait before — having the will to recover the ball, swinging the axe? Everybody has a 5 145769832 this aggressivity, and we drop a little limit. The good news for Pochettino 57386521497 bit in this collectively. This is the key is that the international break offers 217438956 point we need to fix.” an opportunity to reset attitudes and 38 Given that those comments were refresh minds. He should be praying 658917243 made two weeks ago, it’s obvious for no less as he angrily swings at his 185 926 934652781 that the Argentine hasn’t figured out golf balls. IN PARTNERSHIP WITH

M World Teacher's Day Vaal University of Technology & Your world to a better future G Advertising supplement to the Mail & Guardian | October 11 to 17 2019

What is World Teachers’ Day?

A look at the celebration’s history provides guidance for the future of education

Cayleigh Bright and James Nash Even before Aristotle educated Alexander, underfunded early childhood development sec- of first choice for young people”. teachers have set the foundation for greatness. tor, there’s room for a renewed optimism that In today’s economy, this might seem like a far- ommemorating the anniversary World Teacher’s Day, first celebrated in 1994, must be combined with action in order to pro- fetched aim for all but the most idealistic, who of the adoption of the 1966 ILO/ was established to celebrate them for their duce real change. enter the teaching profession willing to strive Unesco Recommendation concern- service to society as a whole. South Africa’s The 2019 theme of World Teachers’ Day, against all odds for the good of education, but Cing the Status of Teachers, World economic disparity has long been fuelled by “Young Teachers: The future of the Profession”, it’s perhaps this idealism that’s needed — and Teachers’ Day is celebrated annu- inadequate education resulting from corrup- has all of the optimism of the original recom- which can only be aided by much-needed gov- ally on October 5 and serves to highlight not just tion, poor service delivery and a simple lack mendation that it commemorates. In a joint ernmental support to elevate education in the the importance of teachers, but also their needs, of resource allocation, but dedicated teachers message from the United Nations Educational, nation’s priorities. It’s in looking to the future rights, and responsibilities. As the commemora- have persisted in their efforts to prop up our Scientific and Cultural Organization, of education in a fast-changing world that we’re tion of a document filled with 20th century ide- flagging education system. With the hopes that International Labour Organization, United able to explore what’s needed to achieve the alism that has been largely unfulfilled, Teacher’s the fourth industrial revolution present as well Nations Development Programme and goals set by Unesco, our own national govern- Day can be a reminder of just how far we have as renewed promises from the presidency to Education International, these institutions call ment, and all those educators with high hopes to go. increase the salaries of teachers in the critically on governments to “make teaching a profession for the potential of their pupils. Addressing the need for more qualified teachers in the 21st century

South Africa needs more teachers, and they must be able to handle diverse learning situations

he world is not on track to meet- in filling the needs gap. The situation in The School of Education aims to revo- and enjoy a more progressive and fulfilling ing the UN’s education goals South Africa is critical, with 30% of teach- lutionise traditional classroom teach- teaching career.” by 2030 and South Africa has ing posts remaining unfilled,” Vithal said. ing in a complex school education land- Innovative, compelling and interactive T huge challenges to overcome, There is a pressing need to train about scape through bespoke teacher training methods of teaching in the form of simu- a Durban education expert has 69-million teachers globally, which programmes. lated and “live in” classrooms — the iTeach observed. requires “many more schools of educa- Professor Zaheer Hamid, academic direc- Lab — will expose teachers to various envi- At least 263-million children and youth tion — be they public or private — to bet- tor at MANCOSA, said the confluence ronments, situations and contexts. The are out of school worldwide, according ter equip teachers for a changing world”, of new technologies in the fourth indus- iTeach Lab excels in producing a function- to Professor Renuka Vithal, MANCOSA according to Vithal. trial revolution encourages institutions of ing teacher with the mental fortitude to Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) She said teachers are the key to achieving higher learning to upskill, invigorate and succeed in diverse teaching environments. programme director. the UN’s Goals enhance teacher education to be more rel- Vithal said that more than half of the for education by 2030. evant in the 21st century. ABOUT MANCOSA planet’s children and adolescents, or “It is essential for us in the field of edu- Mindful of the inherent challenges of 617-million young people, do not achieve cation to ensure that teacher training is funding; resources; professional develop- MANCOSA, a leading provider of manage- minimum proficiency in reading and prioritised. This requires urgent attention, ment structures; and lack of technology ment programmes through supported mathematics. A leading cause for illiteracy because the equity gap in education is exac- in education and training, MANCOSA’s distance learning in Southern Africa, is is the global shortage of qualified teach- erbated by the shortage and uneven distri- School of Education is geared to enable ranked among the 10 of the best MBAs in ers. Alarmingly, in terms of the pupil to bution of professionally trained teachers. quality teaching and learning through a Africa. A member of Honoris United Uni- teacher ratio, the bottom 10 countries were “As teachers are a fundamental condition suite of programmes that create sought- versities — the fi rst pan-African private located in Africa, with ratio of 57 pupils per for guaranteeing quality education and after skills in a highly competitive job higher education network focused on teacher. The top 10 countries were located academic excellence, they should be prop- market. nurturing the next generation of African in Europe, with a ratio of just nine pupils to erly trained, recruited and remunerated as Hamid said: “The quality of teaching is leaders and professionals — Durban-based each teacher. soon as possible to mitigate the exodus of inextricably linked to the country’s ability MANCOSA has 12 learning centres off er- “Notably, countries in sub-Saharan Africa teachers.” to succeed in advancing our economy at the ing 42 programmes and serves as an inno- have a clear decline in trained teachers Vithal was commenting in the wake of the dawn of the fourth industrial revolution. vation hub for executive education and in schools as well as in training colleges. launch of MANCOSA’s School of Education, Thus entrepreneurial knowledge and skills postgraduate management programmes. While there may be several reasons for a game-changing teacher training institu- remain a critical aspect of teacher training A selection of executive education short this phenomenon, intervention from edu- tion that will produce educators who are and development. learning programmes is also off ered to cational leaders and experts is necessary. agile and responsive, and able to provide “Equipping teachers with educational meet the requirements of professionals in Institutions of higher learning such as a compelling learning experience in any management and leadership skills ensures both the private and public sectors. See: MANCOSA have an important role to play environment. that they thrive as educational managers www.mancosa.co.za

THE REWARDS OF REMAINING WITH THE GEPF

•

It’s vital for those who safeguard the wellbeing of learners at every level to be happy and healthy themselves

Cayleigh Bright

eaching may not be considered a typical high-pressure job, but there are few who would deny that it’s an Tundertaking that requires a special set of skills and extraordinarily high levels of patience, empathy and communica- tion. For teachers and those whose careers are closely linked to the field of education, the extraordinary demands on one’s mental and emotional resources can often take their toll, and it might come as little surprise to those with experience in the profession — or those outside of it, who’ve said of teachers, “I don’t know how they do it” — that the stereotypical frayed nerves and patience worn thin are in fact the symptoms of a very real problem. The statistics are alarming. Figures from the Education Support Partnership’s 2018 Teacher Wellbeing Index provide an insight into the depth and breadth of the problem in the UK’s context: 76% of education professionals sur- veyed report that they’ve experienced behavioural, psychological or physical symp- toms due to their work, compared with 60% of UK employees overall. The effects are tan- gible: 43% and 37% of education professionals’ Teachers must take care to not keep selflessly giving and learn to take care of their own emotional and physical needs . Photos: Supplied symptoms could be signs of anxiety or depres- sion respectively. More than half of the educa- According to the South African Depression than ever to set and enforce boundaries. Support is needed at an institutional and gov- tion professionals surveyed had considered and Anxiety Group, one in five teenagers have For many, the term “self-care” is loaded with ernment level, if not in the form of explicit leaving the sector over the previous two years considered self-harm, and 7.8% of these youths esoteric connotations, but whether prioritis- healthcare interventions, then at least in work- as a result of health concerns. have taken action on these urges, highlight- ing oneself takes the form of guided medita- ing to alleviate the crushing pressure that’s Even if we were to put aside sympathy for ing the need for teachers to be very emotion- tion or time allocated to exercise, healthy eat- placed on those in the teaching profession. It’s the wellbeing of these individuals for their ally perceptive. With upsurges in anxiety and ing and relaxation, it’s essential that teachers widely known that teachers’ salaries are sorely own sake, these figures would be alarming in depression among children and teenagers, it’s are allowed to understand that taking care of lacking, creating financial worries to add to any society in which good teachers are in short crucial that teachers are able to understand, oneself is not selfish. When teachers are able everyday anxieties and the emotional pres- supply and education is crucial to the econ- identify and address mental health issues in to model these self-care practices to students, sure of managing the needs of often overfull omy. Compromised health can lead to educa- their roles, and to ease rather than exacerbate this has the added benefit of helping children classrooms. tor absenteeism that’s detrimental to learners the concerns of others starts with an under- understand from a young age that health National Teachers’ Day this year cel- on every level. standing of their own emotional needs. doesn’t begin and end with fruit, vegetables, ebrated teachers with the theme, “Young Considering the mental healthcare crises For teachers, as is the case for all of those water and exercise. While mindfulness and Teachers: The future of the Profession” and facing people around the world, it’s possible whose professions involve taxing interactions mental health awareness are in fact being commemorated the adoption of Sustainable that the rates of anxiety and depression expe- and a degree of self-sacrifice, it’s important implemented for pupils in many schools, these Development Goal 4 on education, and the rienced by teachers aren’t elevated too far to avoid falling into the trap of giving relent- programmes seldom target educators them- dedicated target (SDG 4.c) recognising teach- above the average for individuals in other pro- lessly without stopping to take stock of one’s selves. Educating teachers about practical ers as key to the achievement of the Education fessions, but that, of course, doesn’t make the own emotional needs. In an age in which it’s ways in which to manage their own stress and 2030 agenda, so it’s a good time to reflect on situation acceptable. It could also be argued increasingly difficult to disconnect from the distress could go a long way to creating more the challenges faced by those safeguarding the that mental health problems are of particular classroom — consider class WhatsApp groups contented classrooms. future of the profession. concern when they’re experienced by those in which teachers often find themselves at the But self-care only goes so far, and the burden Though it might sound simplistic, happy responsible for the education — and, in part, beck and call of concerned parents, with que- of mental healthcare shouldn’t fall entirely teachers are more effective, and teachers who the wellbeing — of children, perhaps amplify- ries ranging from the practical to the intellec- on teachers themselves. So, how do we sup- are enabled to be effective are more fulfilled, ing the effects of their own affliction. tual and the emotional — it’s more important port those in this undeniably vital profession? and in turn happier. The silent struggle of special needs students in South Africa

A special education teacher’s reflections on teaching in New York and Cape Town demonstrate that nationwide effort is needed to ensure no learner is left behind

James Nash differently-abled or special-needs children in education, as ratified in the 1966 Unesco/ILO with the status quo and as a result, human both nations. Needless to say, the resolutions Recommendation concerning the Status of beings are suffering; they are effectively sec- n the face of other issues that have a clear she came to at the end of this period of reflec- Teachers, which Teacher’s Day commemorates. ond-class citizens in South Africa. It’s an all- sense of urgency when presented to the tion were a harsh indictment of the many and If the school system as it stands (and has too-familiar phenomenon, but it should be a public, some problems are neglected for varied disparities in our education systems, stood since its inception 200 years ago during more jarring one. We certainly cannot place Idecades, becoming something sinister and and hold very little surprise for anyone who’s the Industrial Revolution) does not function the onus on our teachers, who already bear the systemic and altering countless lives in the worked in the field. adequately for children with special needs, brunt of our nation’s growing pains. process. The education, treatment, and very “Less privileged learners are less likely then we must challenge it with alternatives. In We should reflect on our own responsibili- manner in which our nation upholds the rights to receive adequate care or diagnoses,” she the United Kingdom, there’s a farm that oper- ties as a nation to create more equitable and of those who are differently-abled indicate a explains. “Their differing abilities often make ates as a special education school, allowing understanding spaces for those who might deeply troubling stigma that South Africans them victims of abuse in their schools, creat- its pupils the stillness and space they require. need them the most but don’t know how to seem to bear. This is an issue more nuanced ing cycles of alienation that have less to do While this might not be an all-encompassing ask. How many voices have gone unheard, sim- than it might seem at first, and one that lies with their ability and more to do with society’s solution, its experimental approach and will- ply because we did not take the time to try to well beyond solutions that are merely financial consensus on their value as a result of it.” Take ingness to allocate resources to a methodology understand them? We have decided to punish or symbolic. a moment’s pause to consider that if this idea outside the realm of the time-honoured, trou- these children for their differences. Not con- My mother spent nearly a decade working largely stems from her time working with less- bled education system provides a glimmer of sciously, for we never consider ourselves so in special education in New York City, where privileged children of New York, one can only hope. monstrous as to ignore the maladies of minors. she had also earned her master’s degree in the imagine how much more grave the issue is in The issue’s solution relies on education of Instead, it is through our willful ignorance as a field. As I spoke with her this past Teacher’s our country. New York is a city segregated by a different sort: teaching the parents of our nation in the treatment of the differently-abled Day, she had the opportunity to reflect on — wealth, from the public housing in Harlem to nation that those who are differently-abled that we exhibit our callousness. Whether in the and compare — her experiences working with the multi-million dollar penthouses by the aren’t disabled, thus ending the stigmatisa- language we use that casually degrades them park, and its public schools are no different, tion and social segregation of those with spe- or in the denial of their continued contribu- CREDITS processing children through a zoning system, cial needs. In classrooms, poor behaviour is tions to our society, we’ve likely each played a Supplements & Special Projects Manager ensuring that few are able to escape the eco- misconstrued and not noted as a signifier part. Chrystal Dryding nomic limitations of their communities. of social or psychological factors that might Schools are one of society’s foundational pil- In South Africa, the problem is even more be its cause. At home, parents often outright lars, and the teachers we celebrated on October Copy subeditor Derek Davey dire, where education is a key inhibitor of eco- refuse to acknowledge their child’s needs and 5 uphold it — a contribution for which each Design & Layout Lethabo Hlahatsi nomic growth, a hamstrung leg on our path differences. Somehow, we’ve reached a point and every one of us should be deeply grateful — Sales Diane Willis [email protected] towards equality. Yet each and every citizen at which these psychological phenomena are and children should not be treated punitively supposedly has the right to equal and decent moralised, labelled “bad” for not being aligned for differences they cannot help or control. Advertising supplement to the Mail & Guardian October 11 to 17 2019 3 World Teacher’s Day Teens feel the heat of climate change

Wits scientist has identified how climate change affects Hotter classrooms will produce lower pass rates the capacity of adolescents to A learn equitably in different environments. Associate Professor Matthew Chersich, in the Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute (Wits RHI), published an editorial in the South African Medical Journal last month. Climate change and adolescence in South Africa: The role of youth activism and the health sector in safeguarding adolescents’ health and education lays out the criti- cal risks of climate change on the youth of today. It provides evidence of the danger that greenhouses gases and the onslaught of emissions pose to educational performance. In addition, it proposes interventions and calls for youth activists to mitigate the effects of climate change. It also proposes what leaders can do to act. “As a start, ‘warning labels’ should be added to carbon-intensive products like red meat and imported fruit, just like we warn people of the harms of tobacco and alco- hol. If the government won’t do something simple like that, how can we expect them to close Sasol?” says Chersich. The most important findings in the edito- rial include “sick building syndrome” and the impact of climate change on water and sanitation, the impact of heat on girls and their mental health, and the environmental Climate change, in particular increased heat, is starting to have a negative impact on learner ability and attendance. Photos: Madelene Cronje impact on the 20% of children engaged in economic activity. these learners. influence on mental health and mortality in of closed school shoes, adapt school uni- Higher temperatures negatively affect such conditions. In addition, approximately forms to the heat, change lesson times to Scholars, studies, and “sick building educational performance by total cumula- 20% of children between the ages of seven avoid hotter weather during the day, and syndrome” tive heat exposure over the academic year. and 17 are engaged in economic activity. plant trees to provide shade. A cooling room Older generations are not as much at Conversely, learners in more affluent areas These children work in extreme and humid can provide additional respite from the risk of exposure to the effects of climate have access to better ventilation, cooler conditions, which put them at risk of dehy- heat. change. Today’s youth will experience buildings and greater academic support. dration and heat stress. According to Chersich, in the current the worst effects of climate change in the “People don’t appreciate that climate The effect of climate change on water political and international arena of climate future. The indirect impacts of climate change threatens education in South Africa. quality, availability and water security is change volatility and denialism, South change, more specifically “sick building syn- Grade 12s will write final exams in 42 tangible. Droughts threaten water security; African youth need to take the initiative and drome”, directly negatively affect academic degrees in their shipping container class- floods contaminate water. A lack of sanita- stand up against the poor management of performance. rooms — actually, it’s already happening! If tion means an increase in water and food- climate change in the country. Poor ventilation, increased temperatures, we care about pass rates, we must act now,” borne infections. “Youth activism is a powerful tool and can levels of carbon dioxide and the forced says Chersich. promote the safeguarding of schools against need to close windows in highly polluted Help the kids to help themselves the health and education impact of heat, areas result in decreased capacity to learn, a Girls, child labourers, and water Proposed interventions include the provi- as well as increased awareness of climate decrease in school attendance and increased Girls have higher rates of obesity, which sion of cool water during classes, applying change. If we do not act, the current genera- rates of asthma attacks — “sick building syn- compromises their capacity to regulate their damp clothes to bodies and improved venti- tion will face the full force of emissions in drome” is a consequent increasing risk for internal temperature. This has a negative lation. Schools can provide sandals instead time.” 4 Advertising supplement to the Mail & Guardian October 11 to 17 2019 World Teacher’s Day

Vaal University of Technology Your world to a better future 2017 for 2018 Minimum Admission Requirements Note: Although certain subjects and symbols below are indicated as minimum entry requirements, it does not guarantee acceptance

BACHELOR OF EDUCATION (SENIOR PHASE & FURTHER EDUCATION AND TRAINING TEACHING) – B ED (SP & FET TEACHING)

DEPARTMENT: EDUCATION B Ed (SP & FET Teaching): Four Year Full Time

Admission Requirements National Senior Certificate (Since 2008)

A National Senior Certificate (NCS) (with endorsement for entry into Bachelor studies) or an equivalent qualification (Vocational Senior Certificate/FET Certificate) with English, a second language and Mathematics or Mathematical Literacy.

With at least two of the following recommended subjects: Computer Applications Technology, Physical Science and Life Sciences.

Total APS score of 23 (with Mathematics) or 24 (with Mathematical Literacy) • The seven prescribed school subjects will be used in the calculation of the APS. • The APS achievement of Life Orientation is divided by 2 in the calculation of the APS. • A personal interview with the head of department (HOD).

Admission Points Score (APS)

Minimum Programme Group A Group B APS

Language OR Department: Education 7 – 9 | Subject 1 Subject 2 literacy with 24 language Life Orientation Life Physical Science Physical Mathematics Mathematical ing and learning Other recognized Other recognized B Ed Senior Phase Grade Language of teach- 23 with Mathematics OR Mathwzematical literacy Mathwzematical

Minimum scores 44343333

APS Scale 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Percentage 80-100% 70-79% 60-69% 50-59% 40-49% 30-39% 0-29%

YEAR 1 YEAR 2 YEAR 3 YEAR 4

Education 1 Education 2 Education 3 Education 4

Teaching Practice 1 Teaching Practice 2 Teaching Practice 3 Teaching Practice 4

Language of Teaching and Language of Teaching and Language of Conversational Research Project Learning 1 Learning 2 Competence

Computer Literacy Computer Literacy Research Methods Pedagogy Subject 3

Elective A1 Elective A2 Elective A3

Elective B1 Elective B2 Elective B3

Elective C1 Elective C2 Pedagogy Subject 3

Pedagogy Subject 1 Pedagogy Subject 2 Choose from the Electives from the subjects below

Faculty of Human Sciences Mathematics Physical Science Natural Science Electrical Technology Mechanical Technology Advertising supplement to the Mail & Guardian October 11 to 17 2019 5 World Teacher’s Day

Mode of delivery: Contact through blended learning.

Major Expenses for the Year

Registration Fee, Accommodation, Class/Course Fees, Books, Pocket Money, Transport’. For course fees see VUT website: www.vut.ac.za (Look under study at VUT, Tuition Fees, Study Loans and Funza Lushaka Bursaries)

What is the Bachelor of Education (SP & FET teaching) about?

The BEd (Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Teaching) is a 506-credit qualification offered at NQF Level 7. It aimsto provide beginner teachers with disciplinary and pedagogical content knowledge relevant for teaching in secondary or FET colleges. Graduates will develop in-depth critical knowledge in their key learning areas (Disciplinary Learning) and in the pedagogy of facilitating the learning (Peda- gogical Learning) of secondary school students and those in FET colleges.

Career Opportunities

Graduates will be able to teach any of the following subjects: mathematics, physical science, natural science, electrical technology and me- chanical technology in secondary schools, senior phase and TVET colleges.

Who qualifies for Funza Lushaka Bursaries and NSFAS Loan?

• South African citizens registered at South African University • An undergraduate student, studying for a first tertiary educational qualification. • Individuals able to demonstrate potential for academic success. • Financially needy individuals.

Application for Admission and Accommodation

Prospective students are advised to apply early in the year preceding registration for admission to the course, and / or for hostel accommoda- tion. Arrangements can be made to visit the campus in this regard. Closing dates for admission and / or accommodation applications are: 1st Semester – 30th November; 2nd Semester – 30th May.

International Students: 1st Semester – 30 October; 2nd Semester – 15 May Department: Education

| Enquiries

Enquiries may be addressed to: Education Department Vaal University of Technology Private Bag X021 Vanderbijlpark 1900

Tel: (016) 950 6777 and (016) 950 9553 Email: [email protected]

Call Centre: 0861 888 or 0861 861 VUT Email: [email protected] Website: www.vut.ac.za

Applications/Admissions Enquiries: (016) 950 9272

The Department of Co-operative Education assists in experiential learning (teaching practice) administration and placements. Contact details: (016) 950 9496 Fax: (016) 950 9759 Email: [email protected]

The institution makes every attempt to accommodate students with disabilities.

Whilst every effort has been made to present you with the relevant information in this brochure, program offerings may be subject to change in order to keep abreast of new developments in the higher education landscape. The institution therefore reserves the right to unilaterally change or amend any of the content/structures contained herein. Faculty of Human Sciences

PHASE IN, PHASE OUT... SEE NEW COURSES ZZZYXWDF]D 6 Advertising supplement to the Mail & Guardian October 11 to 17 2019 World Teacher’s Day

BACHELOR OF EDUCATION (SP & FET Teaching), VAAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

The Bed (SP & FET Teaching), a four-year degree specialisation in Mechanical Engineering and Mr MJ Tsatsimpe an Electrical Science, Mathematics, Electrical and Mechanical Technology, is the Engineer. first Teacher Education qualification offered at the Vaal University of Technology. The first intake of students was in 2018 with a total The team is focused, future oriented and committed to give their all of 117 students registered. These students are now in their second to the 312 students under their care. The content and pedagogic year of study. In 2019 a cohort of 213 first years was admitted. The content knowledge, skills and competence that these students Science team consists of Dr CC Chitumwa, holding a doctorate in acquire will contribute as described in the National Development Teacher Education, Ms M Waetzel, with a Masters in Education and Plan 2030. The Bachelor of Education qualification ensures that Ms SNI Mathenjwa, a Civil Engineer and presently registered with the curriculum makes provision for the development of the skills TUT for the MTech in Civil Engineering. The Mathematics team is led required to contribute to the economy of the country, to eradicate by Dr RS Lebelo who holds a PhD in Applied Mathematics. poverty and to address unemployment. The Vaal University of Technology prides itself with the humble beginnings of Teacher Mr MWR Sadiki is in the Mathematics team and he is presently Education housed in the Education Department within the Faculty registered for a PhD in Applied Mathematics with Unisa. The of Human Sciences. All the above staff are a focus driven team Technology team consists of Mr P Baloyi who is a Mechanical headed by Prof KC Moloi, internationally recognized for her Engineer and is presently registered with UJ for his MTech in academic contribution to Management in Education.

VUT Campus - Science Park One of the many VUT auditoriums Lunch break in the student cafeteria

Students destressing in the Wellness Hands on welding in a Mechanical Mechanical Technology students Centre Practical

Vaal University of Technology Your world to a better future

Student hands on approach in a Welding Practical

Ms Sibongile Bomba, Faculty: Human Science, t +27 (0)16 950 9960, [email protected]

www.vut.ac.za]www.vut.ac.za

Vanderbijlpark Campus, Private Bag X021 - Vanderbijlpark - 1911 - Andries Potgieter Blvd - South Africa Tel: +27(0)16 950 9000 - Fax: +27(0)16 950 9999 Advertising supplement to the Mail & Guardian October 11 to 17 2019 7 World Teacher’s Day MTN drives launch of award- winning literacy app

ith calls growing louder for providing a collection of interactive e-books government, corporates It will significantly grow the number of children able that act as “training wheels” for young readers. and all citizens to step up to Together, these apps provide a springboard for Whelp solve a growing literacy to read for meaning many children to begin their journey of learning crisis, the MTN SA Founda- to read. tion has partnered with Bellavista S.H.A.R.E., Earlier this year the MTN SA Foundation a division of Bellavista School, and US-based commitment to help improve literacy, educa- “In Syria, where an estimated 2.3-million together with Samsung Electronics and the non-profit Curious Learning, to pilot an award- tion and skills so that the immense opportuni- children are out of school because of violent department of social development handed over winning child literacy app that significantly ties of the fourth industrial revolution can be conflict, the Feed the Monster app resulted in a multimedia centre to Thlokomelo Special enhances reading fluency and comprehension. accessed by more children across the country. positive learning outcomes in all age groups. School in Soweto. Feed the Monster will com- “Urgent action is needed, as a lack of access Through the engaging and exciting Feed the The rate of change for younger children was plement the specialised equipment that was to reading material and textbooks are two of Monster app, readers between the ages of six an impressive 34% on the syllable sub-task ver- donated. In particular, the app will support stu- the main reasons that 78% of South African and eight will be able to access reading instruc- sus a 27% change rate for older children. The dents with learning difficulties, such as specific children in grade three still can’t read for mean- tion via a specialised curriculum. By matching improvement in oral reading fluency was even learning disability, and will provide them with ing. This is not helped by the fact that only 29% letters with sounds, the app gives children the more remarkable, with a 75% increase from much-needed access to e-learning. of the poorest primary schools in the country ability to learn that sounds combined together baseline for younger children, while older chil- “We hope to be able to assist thousands of reportedly have access to in-school libraries,” make words, and words together make sen- dren achieved an 18% increase.” vulnerable students across South Africa with says Kusile Mtunzi-Hairwadzi, general man- tences that carry meaning. The power of mobile software for learning is the launch of this exciting new initiative. The ager: MTN SA Foundation. “We are pleased to be able to bring the trans- a potential game-changer for developing coun- answers to solving South Africa’s literacy crisis The pilot of the ground-breaking app, called formative power of technology to South Africa’s tries. According to Scott, an experiment in India are certainly within reach, especially if technol- Feed the Monster, helps make learning the children. Not only does this bridge the digital found that a personalised technology tutoring ogy is harnessed to improve access to reading fundamentals of reading more meaningful and divide and prepare our children for a future in system led to better learning than formal educa- resources and other learning tools. Together we fun, while reaching out to a wide community. the information age, but we are also providing tion, in less time, for less cost. can brighten the lives of all children,” concludes In recognition of the importance of using the the basic building blocks for early childhood “It has been very encouraging to see the posi- Mtunzi-Hairwadzi. mother tongue to foster literacy at foundation education,” says Mtunzi-Hairwadzi. tive impact of the app in marginalised commu- level, MTN has played a key role in facilitating “Additionally, tools like this go a long way to nities in other parts of the world. It is the shared About MTN Group the localisation of the solution into all 11 official addressing technological illiteracy and help to view of Bella Vista, Curious Learning and MTN Launched in 1994, the MTN Group is a multi- languages in South Africa. develop the necessary skills needed in today’s that Feed the Monster can give every child in national telecommunications group, operating The app addresses all aspects of reading and digital world,” she says. South Africa the opportunity to learn to read — in 21 countries in Africa, Asia and the Middle bridges the gap between literacy skills and flu- Alison Scott, principal of Bellavista School, no matter their circumstances,” says Scott. East. It is listed on the JSE Securities Exchange ent reading. Because the ability to comprehend says case studies and reports from other parts Feed the Monster will scale up its literacy in South Africa under the share code: “MTN.” As and understand the meaning of words is crucial of the world highlight the immense strides that impact in South Africa by localising and dis- of March 31 2019, MTN recorded 236.6-million to successful knowledge and skills transfer, the can be made by harnessing mobile and app- tributing two learning apps. The first focuses subscribers across its operations. Visit www. launch of the app ties in with MTN’s ongoing based solutions. on fundamental reading skills; the second on mtn.com or www.mtn.co.za

ELRC MESSAGE OF SUPPORT

World Teachers’ Day is celebrated the world over on 05 October to honour and appreciate teachers for their valuable contribution to societal growth and transformation.

The 2019 UNESCO theme is: “Young Teachers: The Future of the Profession”. As we celebrate 25 years of democracy and our momentous accomplishments in terms of public education, this theme is a reminder of the future of education, as we contemplate the next 25 years.

It is a grim reality that teaching in South Africa has lost its status as a noble and revered profession, particularly amongst the youth. We all have a responsibility to restore the teaching profession to its former glory as a vocation of choice.

As we reflect on our past and envision the future, we celebrate and honour teachers:

All-consuming, like the passion of unsung heroes to accomplish a dream that would define the course of history for the next generation, such is the noble work and earnest aspirations of our teachers.

Hearts set ablaze with pride, when the realisation dawns that a new crop of revolutionaries and visionaries emerged from classroom teachings and a teacher’s hope for social cohesion and a brighter tomorrow.

To our teachers, your endless toil to ensure a brighter future for our children is not in vain. We honour you and admire your tenacity to remain true to your calling, despite the many challenges that you face on a daily basis. ______Issued by the General Secretary on behalf of the Executive Committee of the Education Labour Relations Council 8 Advertising supplement to the Mail & Guardian October 11 to 17 2019 World Teacher’s Day Vodacom has partnered with government for teacher development

n 2008, the Vodacom Foundation entered into a partnership with the department of basic education (DBE) To pass on digital skills, teachers must first be proficient in them Ito establish the Mobile Education Pro- gramme to provide digital literacy to learners, and teachers. The Vodacom Foun- dation has an annual budget of approxi- mately R110-million per annum for corporate social investment projects, and just over 60% of the budget goes into education projects. At the heart of the foundation is the belief that existing technology can be an enabler to the provision of quality education. The Mobile Education Programme started with school connectivity by providing schools with information communication technologies (ICTs). Today the programme has grown to include an education ecosys- tem that includes youth and early child- hood development, parents and communi- ties. As the world celebrates Teachers Day, Vodacom reflects on its partnership with the DBE on teacher development. The objective of the teacher development programme is to provide teachers with ICT training so that they are able to confidently use digital technologies and impart digital content. It would be fruitless to have schools equipped with ICTs when the teachers are not skilled in using these technologies. Digitally empowered teachers have the abil- ity to make the learning experience for the learners exciting. In 2019 the International Monetary Fund issued a report from research conducted that states that some of the main challenges of the South African education system include teacher develop- ment and management, including school management. So, teacher development requires even more attention than ever before, especially as the world is leaping into the fourth industrial revolution. The teaching profession needs to be remodelled A group of teachers undergoing digital to ensure that teachers serve as role models skills training in the DBE Teacher Center in that young people can aspire to — the teach- Seshego. Photos: Supplied ing profession should not be a profession of last resort. One of the variables to achieve this objective is to develop a digital savvy teacher. As part of Vodacom’s commitment to pro- vide digital literacy to the teachers, it con- nected 92 of the 147 Government Teacher Centres across the country. This is a part- nership driven by the DBE. In nine of the teacher centres Vodacom has the ICT Youth Academy and provides ICT training to youth with matric certificates, in partnership with Microsoft and Cisco. Each teacher centre has an e-library corner and is accessible to members of the public. The teacher centres serve as a safe hub for young people and community members who need access to the internet. This year, Vodacom has included Google in this partnership to provide digi- tal training courses on topics such as coding technology course skills through ICT training. sons can now be projected for fast and effec- and cyber-bullying. The teachers will be able • Maths and science paper video session According to Mhlongo, teacher cen- tive learning.” to benefit from these online digital courses • E-school activations tres create opportunities for educators to Some of the skills she learnt from the to develop soft skills required for the digital • Coding training for learners enhance their teaching skills, make learn- training include: word processing — used era. ing interesting to learners, work faster and to type tests, do worksheets and produce Since the inception of the teacher train- “It is clear that if we are to break the smarter and use the internet. But above all learner reports. She’s now able to do spread- ing program, 250 000 teachers have been cycle of poverty and advance the economic the training from the teacher centers has sheets — used to create marking sheets and trained in ICTs and 14 000 teachers were empowerment of young South Africans, we opened a new and transformative world for calculation of continuous assessment part of the diagnostic assessment for maths need to transform our education system that provides learners from impoverished grids and learner results. Crucially, she’s and English. through a sustainable ecosystem whose backgrounds with great possibilities and also able to design databases used to extract focus is not just on the learners, but includes helps to expand their horizons. important information, carry out web Training sessions and activities at the teachers and other partners. We plan to Mhlongo said: “ICT has impacted my life design techniques, and of late she complies centres are as follows: accelerate our interventions in education in many ways I couldn’t have imagined; ICT with the South African school administra- • Maths and science, ICT training, teacher in the coming years with more social part- is a never-ending part of our lives nowadays, tion and management system. development training ners in order to enable young people and as it grows by the minute.” To demonstrate how the digital skill train- • South African Council for Educators teachers to enjoy the benefits of the fourth According to Mhlongo, DBE expect edu- ing has benefitted her, she says where she training industrial revolution. We are always hum- cators to comply with flipping the tradi- used chalkboard notes and activities she • Community: parents’ school learner reg- bled to hear some teachers who have ben- tional classroom into the new ICT classroom now projects her work and makes elec- istration, CV preparation, job searching and efitted from the teacher training share their where word processing, spreadsheets, pres- tronic copies for both herself and learn- application experience of how the partnership with entations and internet use have become ers. In the recent past she’d carry learners’ • Youth Academy: Microsoft end user com- Vodacom has transformed their lives,” said the order of the day. “I make it a point that exercise books home for marking; she now puting; Cisco ITE Essential (IT Support “A+/ chief officer of Vodacom’s corporate affairs, educators in my school are able to meet the takes home electronic copies on USB or N+) & Networking: Cisco CCNA 1- 3 Takalani Netshitenzhe. requirements through constant ICT work- CD. Lastly, whereas in the past she would • Partners using teacher centres for train- Beneficiary story of Busi Mhlongo shops done on a one-to-one basis,” she write letters to fellow teachers, she now ing facilities: publishers, Microsoft, NPOs Vodacom is proud to have taken a teacher added. uses email. Crucially, personal benefits • District meeting and grade 12 exam paper to Vodafone, London in June 2017 — Busi After receiving training from Vodacom, have accrued as a result of the training. For collection point Mhlongo, a high school teacher from a quin- Mhlongo commented: “Now teaching and instance, she used to travel long distances to • Centre managers’ University of tile 1 school in KwaZulu-Natal province. She learning has become interesting among do banking, but now she uses online bank- Johannesburg managing and leading with said Vodacom has enhanced her teaching learners and educators, as videos and les- ing from the comfort of her own home. Advertising supplement to the Mail & Guardian October 11 to 17 2019 1 Conscious Leadership and Ethics SummitTM 2019

VIRTUAL PRESENCE OF GLOBAL HUMANITARIANS AND LEADERS OF CONSCIOUSNESS AT THE SUMMIT

Sri Sri Ravi Shankar: His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama John Renesch Sadhguru Co-founder - World Forum for Ethics in Business, Founder - Conscious Leadership Guild - US Mystic and Founder - Isha Foundation Head of Art of Living Foundation “A leader’s moral compass is vital to “As participants in the same global “The biggest crisis in the world today is “Do not aspire to be a leader rather success. It is truth and ethics that will economy, we depend on each other. All the lack of leadership. By that I mean a enhance yourself as a human-being. stand the test of time and emerge human beings have a basic instinct for lack of conscious leaders. Becoming This requires integrity and trust. victorious. Business and organisations compassion, but we need to develop it. conscious is a continuous act. The world Integrity does not only mean ethics and therefore must have a long-term vision Even business needs a sense of ethics. as I envision it - is instead of living in a morals it means your commitment, far and be guided by the principle of Indeed, it is all too evident that while context of fear, scarcity and more than who you are - larger than service. It is important that people in there has been much material separateness we would be living in a yourself. No-one can earn trust without the workplace have purity in the heart, development in the world, our moral paradigm of love, compassion and integrity. Integrity is a product of our clarity in the mind and sincerity in and inner development has not kept inter-connectedness. We can have that sense of inclusiveness and when people action.” pace.” kind of world if we think of the ‘we see this, they will trust.” instead of the me’.” ...... Insights from Summit delegates to the President

he Conscious Leadership The Dalai Lama, Sadhguru, head of Excellency Jong Dae Park of South compassion, trust, and service is the and Ethics Summit, held the Isha Foundation and Sri Sri Ravi Korea as well as Obama world leader expected outcome of the Summit. A T recently at the Venue in Shankar, co-founder of the World alumni Marlon Parker from Cape Town delegation of conscious business leaders Melrose Arch, shifted the Forum of Ethics in Business and to influence the culture and quality of will meet with President Cyril paradigm in understanding conscious head of the Art of Living Foundation ethical and conscious leadership. A Ramaphosa to hand over the Conscious leadership and how it manifests to joined the voices of dynamic framework to shift behaviour, and Leadership and Ethics Report intended impact behaviour, culture and herald International and local speakers embed ethical and conscious leadership to activate a culture of conscious and positive change to create conscious, including Prof Saul Klein of Canada, in all sectors of the country to activate ethical leadership in the socio-economic courageous leaders in the evolution of Dr Jan Bellermann of Germany, His an inner call of tolerance, care, and political spheres. organisations. 2 Advertising supplement to the Mail & Guardian October 11 to 17 2019 The Conscious Leadership and Ethics SummitTM 2019

From left | Adam Craker: CEO - IQbusiness, Vikas Khandelwal: CEO - BNP Paribas (SA), Prof. Saul Klein: Dean of Gustavson International School of Business at the University of Victoria - Canada Nomkhita Mona: CEO - Nelson Mandela Bay Business Chamber, Marc Lubner: CEO - Afrika Tikkun, H.E. Dr Jong-Dae Park: South Korean Ambassador and Gayle Kaylor: Mapworks - UCT Panel discussions define conscious leadership

Panel One: Conscious Leadership & Ethics Into The Future

• Consciousness is not a virtue it is a necessity. Once this is accepted, behaviour will automatically change. • If we want to continue to attract talent and to grow our business consciousness is a necessity and we need to change. • Listening to our stakeholders and incorporating those things into our business. The journey starts from the genuine belief in conscious leadership and its effect on business, society and the world. • A different view of leadership is the realisation that the world is not operating as it should. Authenticity is what the next generation is looking for. • Leadership development at university level is stuck in an old paradigm of strategic, project and financial management. There is no scope or training for conscious leadership. • Re-look at the curriculum at the National Schools of Government as well as business schools. Develop leaders who would show up differently in their workspace, and become more conscious and holistic in their leadership approach. Overhaul the development programmes, especially the leadership programmes. The curriculum reinforces a narrow view of the purpose of business. • People have the underlying desire to make the world a better place and they seek a sense of higher purpose. Nomkhita Mona: CEO - Nelson Mandela Bay Business Chamber, Marc Lubner: CEO - Afrika Tikkun, H.E. Dr Jong-Dae Park: South Korean Ambassador in South Africa

Panel Two: Governance, Ethics, Compliance and Conscious Leadership

• The Board of Directors is a collective mind. The collective mind needs to be unified and define what is the purpose of the business? Everyone making up the collective mind needs to be a conscious leader. • What are the expectations of our stakeholders? • The corporate sins, according to Prof. Mervyn King, are self-concern, self-interest, more conformance than performance, pride and arrogance. There needs to be intellectual honesty and decision making for the overall long term health of the company. • Compliance and Ethics should no longer be a tick box approach but the outcome of a good corporate governance approach to incorporate the four outcomes of good corporate governance. • The lack of trust is a major issue and trust is built only when one takes responsibility. One can only earn trust when there is integrity. • Leaders have to be conscious of the impact and influence they wield on their people and their organisations have on all of their stakeholders. • To deliver conscious leadership through brands with purpose is essential to resonate with the consumer and simultaneously with communities. Companies with purpose last and people with purpose thrive. Dr. Jan Bellermann: Conscious Leadership Academy - Germany • Speak out when leaders are not making the right decisions. One has to operate from a place of what is Prof. Mervyn King SC: Chairman Emeritus - King Committee on right and then come up with win-win solutions for everything that we do. Corporate Governance

Panel Three: Conscious Leadership, Ethics, 4IR and Media

• The role of media is to bring people together in conscious conversations. • There is a strong wall between editorial and commercial. We do not allow one to influence the other. Editorial teams are free to write whatever they feel is important for the nation to know about and try to engage on the important matters. • The error is to think that young people are not aspirational. • We have to start thinking differently. We keep looking internationally for software but we have to realise that we have great engineering capability as well as logic skills in our country. • Collaboration is missing when it comes to coordinatin 4IR elements. If there is anything we can take away from the 4th Industrial Revolution, it is that it’s accelerating at a rapid pace. It is complex and it will change the manner in which we live, work and play. • The advent of 4IR must be seen as a promise and not as a peril as it would require large scale collaboration from academia, civil society, public sector, private sector, government and various other corporations. We automatically jump into the technology of 4IR when we should be talking about humanity and placing consciousness at the core of 4IR. At the end of the day we are dealing with the life Guru Kali: CEO - Agni Media Concepts, Vukani Magubane: Board of a human being. of the Conscious Leadership Academy and Hoosain Karjieker: CEO - Mail & Guardian Advertising supplement to the Mail & Guardian October 11 to 17 2019 3 The Conscious Leadership and Ethics SummitTM 2019

The Art of Conscious Leadership

with its structure and Samurai warriors, that had been handed down, by processes and summarily word of mouth through the centuries. Bushido is an dismissed as metaphysical. ethical system that encapsulates honour, dignity, More often than not, valour and right action. The meaning and behaviour mention the word love, of these words need to be embedded in this nation’s humanity or consciousness educational systems and assimilated in some business in a boardroom and there schools that churn out current day leaders. would be considerable resistance and prompt The legacy of a conscious leader is commensurate to negation. Powerful vested the matrix of influence he wields in all of its interests, be they complexity, to place humanity at the core of his commercial, political or organisation. Conscious, courageous and ethical theological, often lie leaders have to constantly activate an inner call of behind such obstinate sensitivity, care, compassion, temperance and refusal to reckon with new tolerance in the face of external chaos. They are not concepts and insights that perfect. Rather, they publicly hold themselves can unleash a journey into accountable for their actions and poor judgement, the realm of conscious, openly admit their flaws, accept their human ethical leadership. weakness, show remorse and resolve to tangibly turn Brenda Kali: CEO - Conscious Companies As South Africans, we are really a remarkable people. things around. Founder - Conscious Leadership Academy We are living through endless crisis, a near junk status, hateful rhetoric, the relentless abuse of women The sustained struggle to ‘do the right thing’ is not an n an ideal world there would be no need for a and the unconscionable neglect of our children. We easy one. In the face of the frustrating resistance from Conscious Leadership and Ethics Summit. But also have to deal with a spate of leaders who had materialists who vehemently oppose complex I we do not live in an ideal world. Against the violated our trust and the corporate shenanigans of concepts and different views, a courageous leader backdrop of the staggering global headlines of floundering companies, dogged by fraud and acknowledges his limitations and challenges. chaos, crisis and confused anxieties, the world’s mismanagement. However, his resilience and responsibility is leadership is looking rather bleak at the moment. unquestionable as he unleashes the untapped That’s not all, we are also caught up in the throes of We were a very different nation in 1994, when Nelson potential of his workforce. paralytic inaction and the inexplicable lack of Mandela was our leader. We were the exemplars of a accountability at home, while fighting our way back conscious, forgiving and heroic nation regardless of The human impulse to engage in soul-seeking from the captured swamps that had scarred our race, religion, colour, creed and our disparate past and pursuits and the exploration of consciousness is nation’s reputation. our reputation peaked internationally. irrepressible. This evokes in a conscious leader to We are a very different nation today, as the irresistible forge a new path of awareness, integrity, ethics and a This is the context of the 2019 Conscious Leadership power of greed, ambition and self-interest has us sense of purpose, performance, profit and perception and Ethics Summit. It is designed to become a standing at a moral crossroad. as he traverses a road less travelled. transformative force for a new kind of conscious and What begs the question though, is that those There are a number of winners of the Conscious ethical leader, the country has yet to see. It was also responsible for our economic woes are still seen Companies Awards and strategic partners who had about widening the scope and understanding of around in their Gucci suits, instead of the orange undertaken this journey. Conscious leaders who had consciousness and ethical behaviour, about dignity, overalls they deserve. Fearless of any reprisals, shaped their organisations despite the external chaos trust, valour, courage, right action, care, compassion accountability or consequences, its business as usual and economic challenges, with the voice of integrity, and kindness. for some. This is a heavy price to pay on the psyche of a driven by moral purpose, reasoned thinking, balance, nation. wisdom, clarity and awareness, coupled with a high We have a splintered understanding of conscious degree of authenticity and efficiency. But there is only leadership, especially in the domain of business. The There is a Japanese word called Bushido. It is an so much they can do, despite their best intentions. narrative of consciousness is normally incongruent unwritten code observed by ancient knights and

...... An obsession with client service excellence!

trading operations focused on providing leading edge and deliver cutting-edge systems and procedures that integrated business support services through an enable us to deliver optimal levels of integrated approach which aligns our customised service and to exceed expectations every day. service offerings to our clients’ needs. We are equally passionate about creating shared value Throughout South Africa as well as internationally, for our communities by contributing towards the basis of our services offering is our proprietary broad-based socio-economic development, securing INTHRGRATE™ model. INTHRGRATE™ is used to an environment in which all can prosper, supporting facilitate an holistic approach to human capital skills development initiatives, promoting sustainable management and to determine the correct mix of employment and procurement opportunities, and services for each client. INTHRGRATE™ takes into a value chain that directly benefits the local account the client’s business strategy, objectives and community, in particular South Africa’s youth. structure when an appropriate solution is being Merrick Abel: CEO - Primeserv Group developed for the organisation. It also facilitates the Merrick Abel believes in the power of a correct selection of services to meet each client’s purpose-driven, conscious organisation that rimeserv Group Limited CEO, Merrick unique needs. This service is delivered at no extra cost empowers its people to make a difference in Abel, is known for his passion for his to our clients. everything they do. “We encourage entrepreneurial P people and the client service excellence initiative and drive within Primeserv, so that they deliver. “At Primeserv we foster a As a provider of integrated business support services management and staff are empowered to seek the best culture of inclusiveness, teamwork and obsessive we add value by enabling our clients to be more outcomes for all our clients, our business, our people client service excellence within an environment of efficient, productive and profitable. We also ensure and the communities in which we operate.” continuous improvement and, importantly, doing the that they are fully compliant with all relevant right thing.” legislation and regulatory requirements. This value is The Primeserv difference lies in people, productivity based on our in-depth understanding of both their and performance. It always has and it always will. Listed on the JSE since 1998, Primeserv Group businesses and the complexities of human capital Limited is an investment holding company with management. Within this context, we strive to develop 4 Advertising supplement to the Mail & Guardian October 11 to 17 2019 The Conscious Leadership and Ethics SummitTM 2019

Adam Craker’s Top Ten Actions from the Conscious Leadership and Ethics Summit 2019

1. Engage with the Mail & Guardian 200 young South Africans 2. Plant a Spekboom, then another, and another 3. Change how you collaborate between business and government 4. Think differently, and ensure you do this authentically 5. Leverage international frameworks 6. Change our mindset to achieve RAPID GROWTH 7. Lead the change to a values-based economy 8. Then meditate; Thuma Mina; Build local stuff, and repeat ! 9. If you are looking for a way to contribute skills and experience, then register on www.mentorshipmovement.co.za Programme director, Adam Craker: CEO of IQbusiness 10. Ensure your voice is heard – send your #DearMrPresident letter to [email protected] extolling the virtues of the spekboom at the Summit...... Responsible banking is about making a tangible difference NP Paribas, has been part of the South African financial landscape since 2012. B For the past seven years, the branch has taken a proactive approach to its obligations as a responsible corporate citizen, a commitment which has been accelerated under the leadership of its current CEO, Vikas Khandelwal.

Leading the way in national initiatives ranging from education to sport, music, art and culture, Vikas has striven to ensure that he and his team leverage BNP Paribas Group’s international resources to benefit and impact South Africa in the most meaningful way possible. This has been no small feat, given that South Vikas Khandelwal: CEO - BNP Paribas (SA) Financing Sustainability with BNP Paribas Africa is just one of 72 countries in which BNP Paribas is currently present. Simultaneously, the Bank recently launched a five enterprises, many of which are created by female year sponsorship with the Whitaker Peace & entrepreneurs. “Responsible banking is about living up to economic Development Initiative on Cape Flats led by the In terms of Sustainable Financing, BNP Paribas responsibilities and making a difference,” Vikas says. Forest Whitaker Foundation based in the United South Africa are enticing clients with unique financing “A fundamental aspect of our philosophy and strategy States. This involves working with young members of options. The Sustainability Linked Loan of US$30 is to implement a sustainable programme that not the Cape Flats to combat conflict and increase million to Motus Ltd is one such example, where the only meets our business objectives, but makes a education and entrepreneurial opportunities. cost of credit was linked to a reduction in Motus’ water tangible contribution to uplifting society.” “Responsible banking is about living up to economic and fuel consumption to encourage the company to responsibilities and making a tangible difference,” further its environmental commitments, and bolster Vikas and his team’s most recent contributions said Vikas at the recent inauguration of the initiative’s its own sustainability strategy. “Our vision to place include a partnership with Tennis South Africa Learning Centre in Athlone, Cape Flats. sustainability at the core of our business strategy is regarding two main projects. The inaugural evident from this type of financing option,” Vikas collaboration created a mentorship programme for 45 The bank is also deeply committed to the United revealed. black and female coaches to obtain a professional Nations Global Sustainable Development Goals in qualification and hence promote tennis to young South Africa through a multitude of their impact This September saw the latest performances from the people, largely from disadvantaged backgrounds. This funding initiatives. A particularly effective project is Educape Initiative, a project which teaches was then strengthened by the recent launch of ‘BNP BNP Paribas’ relationship with the Small Enterprise Shakespeare to underprivileged children with the help Paribas & RCS Rising Star Tennis Initiative’, which is Foundation (SEF) in Limpopo, where communities of funding provided by BNP Paribas. The theatre a nationwide primary schools championship targeting are being transformed by microfinancing initiative promotes culture and education to create a the development of tennis at grassroots level, opportunities, which is benefiting some of South cohesive cultural understanding among young people, including under-privileged areas. Africa’s poorest communities to create small in this case, and also those with disabilities...... Leadership role in the financial services industry ichard Firth, Chairman and CEO of MIP and believes that its delivers on a strategy focusing on Holdings is a stalwart of the South “the unified collection of contributions and payment R African technology industry. Firth’s of benefits”. The business has subsequently evolved in successful career has spanned both the line with this strategy to become a leader in the financial services and retail industries where he had development and supply of mission-critical enterprise performed various roles from junior software financial services software systems that manage the engineer to designing and managing enterprise administration of the following verticals: software projects. • Managed Healthcare, He has also held numerous board positions and • Medical Schemes, provided mentorship for technology start-ups. An • Health Insurance, advisor to a NASDAQ-listed multinational software • Health GAP Cover, and database company with customers around the • National Health Insurance, globe, he has moulded MIP, a software engineering • Individual Life Insurance, Richard Firth: CEO - MIP Holdings company that supplies systems to the financial services • Group Risk Insurance, industry, based on his vision for the financial services • Warranty and Maintenance Insurance, A leader in each of these financial service verticals, industry. This service also includes 1,700 independent • Justice and Legal Insurance, being either the first or second preferred solution software vendors, 100,000 enterprise customers and • Trust and Beneficiary Funds, provider for all the companies operating in these 2, 000, 000 million developers that use the platform. • Pension and Provident Funds, sectors, the company is unique in its ability to service The company’s MIP’s systems cover the lives of some • Lending and Asset Finance, all these verticals across a single architecture. 20,000,000 beneficiaries. The company prides itself • Workman’s Compensation and on its leadership role in the financial services industry • Social Security.

ENSURE YOUR VOICE IS HEARD - SEND YOUR INPUT TO: [email protected] consciouscompanies.co.za conscious companies sa @conscioussa #consciouscompanies conscious companies M& NSTF celebrates G the Periodic Table Advertising supplement to the Mail & Guardian October 11 to 17 2019 2019 International Year: Periodic Table of Chemical Elements

Mendeleev’s discovery accurately maps the link between atoms and elements, and the micro and macro world

Professor John Bradley gave their opinions about the elements and determining atomic weights (today also istic element properties such as atomic size atoms but could not “prove” anything. called relative atomic masses) by making changes is not just a link but a pointer, to t has to be something big to convince This all changed when French scientist a bold assumption — that atoms of differ- something that in his time was unknown. the UN to commemorate it in an Inter- Antoine Lavoisier suggested we should ent elements combine in a 1:1 ratio, unless Today we know what it points to. It points national Year. We get a glimpse of what study changes of materials and follow what proved otherwise. to the structure of atoms with their positive Iconvinced them from the press release is going on by mass measurements. He was Today, when we look at any Periodic Table nuclei (charge reflected in the atomic num- in December 2017: the one who seriously used mass measure- we see relative atomic masses (three in the ber (one in the key)) and negative electrons “The development of the Periodic Table of ments to follow chemical changes — some- key), the more widely used name for what around it organised in special sequences the Elements is one of the most significant thing that today is routine and a core idea in Dalton called atomic weights (still accept- called electron configurations (five in the achievements in science and a uniting sci- science curricula. Conservation of mass in able however) and we know, as he did, that key). Knowing these things, scientists such entific concept, with broad implications in chemical change was an experimental dis- they are relative — they have no units of as Gilbert Lewis proposed specific models Astronomy, Chemistry, Physics, Biology and covery he made. mass, but instead compare the mass of one of how atoms bond together, but only in other natural sciences …” Lavoisier then used this technique to type of atom with a reference atom (H in accordance with rules — because valency That is a lot of big words and big claims develop the idea that elements could be Dalton’s time, 12 C today). Today, the masses varies with atoms, and some atoms do not (and there are many more in the statement) discovered by heating them; substances of individual atoms are known: they are in bond. This is grade 11 stuff now, treated about the Periodic Table, which is shown in that did not chemically change on heating, the region of 10-24 g. in very simple terms, but, even so, it’s very full on the accompanying page. For begin- he said, are the chemical elements that all Luigi Galvani and Alessandro Volta powerful for making sense of biology and ners it must seem a big mystery as to why it those philosophers had been talking about discovered current electricity at around some aspects of physics, as well as much of is so important, and in this space we prob- for centuries. Some elements cannot be the same time, and this became another chemistry. ably cannot solve that problem. But we can broken down into anything simpler was tool for the identifying of more elements. Today, new elements are still “discovered”, perhaps impart something of its essence. the message when he published the first Electrolysis of water was first reported in but not by decomposing compounds. In For teachers and learners of science, it short list in 1789. And testing for breaking 1801, an experiment that is popular today in fact it would be more correct to say the new may have come as no surprise that the UN down meant you weigh — before and after schools around the world (in South Africa atoms are discovered by smashing nuclei has recognised the Periodic Table, if only heating! it appears in grade eight along with elec- together, and then seeing what results. Now because it features quite strongly in the With this breaking of the centuries-old trolysis of copper chloride solutions; the a newly discovered atom is placed in the school science curricula — especially in GET logjam about how to decide what are ele- formation of elements by breaking down existing Periodic Table in accordance with Natural Sciences and FET Physical Sciences. ments, it became possible to classify pure compounds is exactly what scientists were its nuclear charge (atomic number) and In those curricula there is little time for his- substances that were not elements as com- doing 200 years or so ago). An equally nobody has really seen the element it rep- tory or reflection on significance, and there pound substances (formed of course by com- important result of discovering electrolysis resents. The element oganesson (at no 118) is a danger that one of the most significant bination of different elements). So when was the idea that perhaps electrical forces is placed in the group called noble gases, achievements in science is not recognised as you learn about elements and compounds held atoms together, something that gradu- but it has never been seen; what has been such. in grade eight, you are learning the results ally became more and more certain during seen (through instruments) are a few atoms Appreciating that may make the task of Lavoisier’s experiments and hypotheses the 1800s. It eventually led to the discovery of this element. Is the element a noble gas? of exam preparation more bearable. The 230 years ago. This was the first vital step of the electron as a charged sub-atomic par- Perhaps we have to follow Mendeleev and Periodic Table now distributed by the Mail towards the development of the Periodic ticle, and later to the proposal of a nuclear say: we believe in the periodicity, so it must & Guardian was drawn up by the Wits Table. Today, in whatever form of Periodic model for atoms. be a noble gas. School of Chemistry and is based on the lat- Table you find, you see the names of ele- But we are forgetting about the Periodic est knowledge of the known elements. There ments (six in the key) and a symbol (two in Table, because long before Ernest Professor John Bradley is a Honorary is a lot of information embodied in it and the key) for each one, as consequences of Rutherford, Neils Bohr and later scientists Professor at the University of the science teachers will immediately see this this breakthrough. had made their contributions to explain- Witwatersrand and understand much of that information. It did not take long (about 20 years) ing the materials in our world, Dmitri The purpose of this supporting article is before the old idea of atoms was revis- Mendeleev marshalled the known facts of to describe the development of the Table ited. Dalton led this next big breakthrough the time (1869) and drew a Periodic Table in ways that help to bring out the achieve- (around 1808) and (following Lavoisier’s for the first time in a way that scientists ment, rather than repeating the facts of lead) proposed that elements are sub- found persuasive. He knew of far fewer ele- what is there today. This scientific achieve- stances where all the atoms are of the same ments than we do today, but he realised that ment rests upon thinking and experiment: type, and in particu- when he arranged elements in a sequence of hands-on, minds-on. Learning today is no lar have the same increasing atomic weight there appeared a different. mass. Different regularity that seemed significant. He found elements are that certain element properties repeated as ‘One of the most significant made of dif- the atomic weight sequence was followed. achievements in science’ ferent atoms. Thus today we find a column of elements 2019 – Year of the Periodic There was no chemistry before the idea of a He made the called alkali metals (group one) that have Table of Chemical Elements chemical element was properly established first explicit marked similarities, yet they have atomic late in the 18th Century, although more than link between weights that apparently are quite unre- 2 000 years ago, philosophers were debating elementary lated. Thus, following the increasing atomic what the world is made of. They did not do substances weight sequence say, from lithium along the experiments; they argued while reflecting and atoms. horizontal direction (called a period), it is on their environment. So many different As part of this only when sodium is reached that proper- materials, so many different behaviours of he set about ties similar to lithium are found. Mendeleev those materials. was so convinced of this periodicity of prop- One general idea was that we erties (especially valency, the capacity to should assume there are bond) that when he felt something was out a few simple substances of line he suggested there was a missing ele- (elements) out of which ment, awaiting discovery. He was always all other substances are right! The Table is rightly labelled as a the periodic table is a made. A popular sug- Periodic Table. window into the universe gestion was that fire, Almost anybody can see that creating earth, air and water are the first Periodic Table was clever, like the primary ingredients completing a difficult crossword. The of our world. Another Table was loaded with significance, as was that all materials it made the link between the “macro” are made of atoms, and world of substances and the “micro” it was supposed these world of atoms explicit, and pointed moved and formed beyond confirming such a link to a bonds to each other. whole deeper world of explanation. People talked and Periodic recurrence of character- 2 Advertising supplement to the Mail & Guardian October 11 to 17 2019

1 2

1 1.0079 H Hydrogen -1,1 1s1 Periodic Table of Ele

3 6.941 4 9.0122 Li Be Lithium Beryllium 1 2 He 2s1 He 2s2

11 22.990 12 24.305 Na Mg Sodium Magnesium 1 2 Ne 3s1 Ne 3s2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

19 39.098 20 40.078 21 44.956 22 47.88 23 50.942 24 51.996 25 54.938 26 55.845 27 58.933 2 K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co N Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt 1 2 3 3,4 2,3,4,5 2,3,6 2,3,4,6,7 2,3,6 2,3 Ar 4s1 Ar 4s2 Ar 3d1 4s2 Ar 3d2 4s2 Ar 3d3 4s2 Ar 3d5 4s1 Ar 3d5 4s2 Ar 3d6 4s2 Ar 3d7 4s2

37 85.486 38 87.62 39 88.906 40 91.224 41 92.906 42 95.94 43 97.907 44 101.07 45 102.91 4 Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh P Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium -1,1 2 3 4 3,5 2,3,5,5,6 7 3,4,8 1,2,3,4 Kr 5s1 Kr 5s2 Kr 4d1 5s2 Kr 4d2 5s2 Kr 4d4 5s1 Kr 4d5 5s1 Kr 4d6 5s1 Kr 4d7 5s1 Kr 4d8 5s1

55 132.91 56 137.33 72 178.49 73 180.95 74 183.84 75 186.21 76 190.23 77 192.22 7

Cs Ba 57-71 Hf Ta W Re Os Ir P Cesium Barium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium 1 2 4 5 2,3,4,5,6 2,4,7 2,3,4,6,8 1,2,3,4,6 Xe 6s1 Xe 6s2 Xe 4f14 5d2 6s2 Xe 4f14 5d3 6s2 Xe 4f1 5d4 6s2 Xe 4f14 5d5 6s2 Xe 4f14 5d6 6s2 Xe 4f14 5d7 6s2

87 223.02 88 226.03 104 261.11 105 262.11 106 266 107 264 108 277 109 268 1

Fr Ra 89-103 Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt D Francium Radium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium D 1 2 Rn 7s1 Rn 7s2

57 138.91 58 140.12 59 140.91 60 144.24 61 144.91 62 150.36 63 151.96 64 157.25 65 158.93 6 La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb D Lanthanum Cerium Praseodyniym Neodymiym Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium 3 3,4 3,4 3 3 2,3 2,3 3 3.4 Xe 5d1 6s2 Xe 4f2 6s2 Xe 4f3 6s2 Xe 4f4 6s2 Xe 4f5 6s2 Xe 4f6 6s2 Xe 4f7 6s2 Xe 4f7 5d1 6s2 Xe 4f9 6s2

89 227.03 90 232.04 91 231.04 92 238.03 93 237.05 94 244.06 95 234.06 96 247.07 97 247.07 9 Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk C Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americum Curium Berkelium 3 4 4,5 3,4,5,6 3,4,5,6 3,4,5,6 3,4,5,6 3,4 3,4 Rn 6d1 7s2 Rn 6d2 7s2 Rn 5f2 6d1 7s2 Rn 5f3 6d1 7s2 Rn 5f4 6d1 7s2 Rn 5f6 7s2 Rn 5f7 7s2 Rn 5f͎6d17s2 Rn 5f9 7s2

Non-metals Alkali metal Alkaline earth Transition metal Basic metal Semi-metals Halogens Noble gas Lanthanides Advertising supplement to the Mail & Guardian October 11 to 17 2019 3

13 14 15 16 17 18

2 4.0026 He Hellium ements 1s2

5 10.811 6 12.011 7 14.007 8 15.999 9 18.998 10 20.18 B C N O F Ne Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon 3 -4,2,4 -3,2,3,4,5 -2,-1 -1 He 2s2 2p1 He 2s2 2p3 He 2s2 2p3 He 2s2 2p4 He 2s2 2p5 He 2s2 2p6

13 26.982 14 28.086 15 30.974 16 32.066 17 35.453 18 39.948 Al Si P S Cl Ar Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon 3 -3,3,5 -2,2,4,6 -1,1,3,5,7 2 4 10 11 12 Ne 3s2 3p1 Ne 3s2 3p2 Ne 3s2 3p3 Ne 3s 3p Ne 3s2 3p5 Ne 3s2 3p6

28 58.693 29 63.546 30 65.409 31 69.723 32 72.64 33 74.922 34 78.96 35 79.904 36 83.80 Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton 2,3 1,2 2 3 4 -3,3,5 -2,4,6 -1,1,3,5,7 2,4 Ar 3d8 4s2 Ar 3d10 4s1 Ar 3d10 4s2 Ar 3d10 4s2 4p1 Ar 3d10 4s2 4p2 Ar 3d10 4s2 4p3 Ar 3d10 4s2 4p4 Ar 3d10 4s2 4p5 Ar 3d10 4s2 4p6

46 106.42 47 107.87 48 112.41 49 114.82 50 118.71 51 121.76 52 127.60 53 126.90 54 131.29 Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon 2,4 1,2 2 3 2,4 -3,3,5 -2,4,6 -1,1,3,5,7 2,4,6 Kr 4d10 Kr 4d10 5s1 Kr 4d10 5s2 Kr 4d10 5s2 5p1 Kr 4d10 5s2 5p2 Kr 4d10 5s2 5p3 Kr 4d10 5s2 5p4 Kr 4d10 5s2 5p5 Kr 4d10 5s2 5p6

78 195.08 79 196.97 80 200.59 81 204.38 82 207.2 83 209.98 84 209.98 85 209.99 86 222.02 Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon 2,4 1,3 1,2 1,3 3,5 2,4,6 -1,1,3,5,7 2 Xe 4f14 5d9 6s1 Xe 4f14 5d10 6s1 Xe 4f14 5d10 6s2 Xe 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1 Xe 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2 Xe 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3 Xe 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4 Xe 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p5 Xe 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p6

110 271 111 272 112 258 113 114 115 116 117 118 Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson

66 162.50 67 164.93 68 167.26 69 168.93 70 173.04 71 174.97 1 3 Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu 2 Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium 6 3 3 3 2,3 2,3 3 Xe 4f10 6s2 Xe 4f11 6s2 Xe 4f12 6s2 Xe 4f14 6s2 Xe 4f14 5d1 6s2 4

5 98 251.08 99 252.08 100 257.95 101 258.10 102 259.10 103 262.11 1 2 Cf Es Fm Md No Lr 3 Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium 44 1 3 3 3 2,3 31s 5 Rn 5f͎7s2 Rn 5f͎7s2 Rn 5f͎7s2 Rn 5f͎7s2 Rn 5f͎7s2 Rn 5f146d͎7s2 6

Actinides www.wits.ac.za c/o Prof. Dave Billing 4 Advertising supplement to the Mail & Guardian October 11 to 17 2019 NSTF celebrates the Periodic Table Systems thinking, sustainable development and chemical elements

his National Science and Technology approach to tackle the SDGs, which address Dr Palesa Sekhejane, a research special- ment — the chemicals management work the Forum (NSTF) discussion forum the intractable problems of our times. ist at the Human Sciences Research Council, country needs to achieve the SDGs by 2030. Taddressed sustainable development South Africa has a clear water challenge. As said that vaccination is essential for a healthy Government is using the SDGs as a framework by providing a detailed perspective noted by Professor Edward Nxumalo, Associate population. She said vaccines are lucrative, and to examine chemical management from vari- on selected Sustainable Development Goals Professor at Unisa, South Africa is the 30th dri- promote economic development, but processes ous perspectives. For example, SDG 5 looks at (SDGs). Experts shared their knowledge est country in the world. It’s also had the worst such as getting vaccines approved are very gender equality. This translates to the target and views about some of the critical global drought in 23 years. At the same time, agricul- lengthy in South Africa. She noted that South of women’s full and effective participation and problems of our time. The forum was held ture, mining and chemicals industries are pro- Africa has not identified strategies to produce equal opportunities in chemicals management. on May 16 2019, in partnership with the ducing emerging types of the skills required for this This was part of Dr Mahlori Mashimbye’s Department of Science and Technology pollutants. industry. Government presentation, “Harnessing the South African (DST) and Dow Southern Africa (Pty) Ltd. Part of his research Chemical elements needs to create platforms Chemical Sector for contribution to Sustainable The UN proclaimed 2019 the International deals with using mem- to test the skills, and ter- Development Goals”. He is the Director: Year of the Periodic Table of Chemical brane science for drink- from the perspective tiary education needs Chemical and Related Industries, at the DST. Elements, to commemorate Dmitri ing, seawater, and waste- of the UN Sustainable to cater for learning Mendeleev’s invention of the table 150 years water purification. He about the manufactur- DST planning includes supporting the ago. The UN recognises the importance of and his team have also Development Goals ing processes. She said National System of Innovation by: raising global awareness around chemistry, developed a solar-driven that South Africa has an • Generating data for monitoring, planning, including chemistry’s role in solving global filtration system, which opportunity to invest in and tracking for informed decisions; challenges. is currently in testing phase. He noted that local manufacturers, and stands to gain region- • Promoting the generation of knowledge and Professor John Bradley, an Honorary there are a number of potential nanotechnol- ally as there is not much competition. analysis for policy, planning, and delivery; Professor at the University of the ogy applications for water treatment. Emerging Paul Nex, Associate Professor at the • Assisting in developing and localising tech- Witwatersrand, proposed one-world chem- contaminants can be tackled with these University of the Witwatersrand noted that nological solutions; and istry and systems thinking as a way of tack- advanced techniques. certain commodities are seen as critical for the • Promoting the demonstration, testing, and ling complex problems, and for teaching The way agriculture has been practised has 4IR, but global demand for these go through diffusion of technological solutions. children and students. He said that teach- contributed extensively to soils lacking in vital “hype cycles”. Demand peaks quickly, then The DST and the National Research ing and practice need to be informed by sys- nutrients. This affects the nature and yield of drops steeply. The prices for such raw materials Foundation are looking at funding further tems thinking, and that sustainable devel- crops. Consequently, fertilisers are essential. follow demand, so it is difficult to predict when research, research chairs, and research infra- opment is neglected in the school system. Technical advisor Harry Dube from the to mine them for profit. He said there isn’t a structure, where needed. They have also This is somewhat alarming, considering Department of Agriculture, Forestry and great deal of information on South Africa’s launched specific initiatives and are aiming to that sustainability links to human survival. Fisheries said that there are five main plant resources and reserves, and that this can only drive global and national partnerships in this Chemistry has contributed to development nutrients – with three that are absolutely criti- happen with further exploration. regard. across the globe but has come with conse- cal for humankind’s survival: nitrogen (N), Critical raw materials need to be contextual- Mashimbye said that there are, primarily, quences, such as the nine million people phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). Dube said ised to see the larger picture: electric vehicles two approaches for the chemical sector regard- killed by pollution each year. It will take an we need to re-examine the use of nitrogen ferti- use four times as much copper (Cu) as our cur- ing the SDGs: remediation (regulating, includ- extremely comprehensive systems thinking lisers. Most soils in South Africa are acidic (and rent engines. This means that “green” tech- ing banning and restricting use) and research thus less productive) because of the overuse of nology requires more raw materials, not less, and development and industrial development CREDITS these types of fertilisers. at least in the short and medium term. Many of alternatives (new, environmentally-friendly Supplements & Special Projects Manager Dube notes that phosphorus, a finite resource, “solutions” associated with a low-carbon econ- chemical products). Chrystal Dryding needs to be managed carefully, and that potas- omy are not actually “clean” solutions. There Copy subeditor Derek Davey sium is also a finite resource that will soon be needs to be a balance, and it’s not an “either-or” Video clips with the full presentations and Design & Layout Russel Benjamin depleted. To continue food production in a sus- scenario, warned Nex. discussions can be found on the NSTF website Sales Sybil Otterstrom [email protected] tainable way, we need to consider organic ferti- DAFF’s Chief Directorate: Chemicals nstf.org.za (under Discussion Forums, then lisers and using conservation agriculture. Management is co-ordinating — across govern- Previous) Old Mutual improves educational outcomes

he Old Mutual Education learners could not do basic mathemat- Flagship Project, a multi-part- ics. The aim is to fill these chronic gaps Tner national initiative that set in the curriculum, and strengthen the out to boost education at under- institutional capacity of the public performing public secondary schools in school system. South Africa, comes to an end in 2019. Old Mutual will collaborate with pro- The seven-year programme had two vincial departments of education in main objectives: to increase the num- order to scale up learning interventions. ber of grade 12 learners passing maths and science, and to build the manage- Effective leadership development ment and leadership capacity of under- Leadership will remain an ongo- performing schools. The core focus of ing focus for Old Mutual, which has the project was to improve learner out- invested heavily in research into how comes by strengthening the leadership, leadership methodologies inform management and teaching capabilities behaviours and decision-making cen- of these schools. It was envisaged that tral to instructional leadership, con- matric learners would be able to pursue ducted under the auspices of the Seed tertiary education and would eventually Educational Trust. be included in the broader economy. The research will inform Old Mutual’s Over R265-million was invested and strategy in the foreseeable future. It has 327 schools in four provinces were identified primary leadership styles reached, but return on investment of school and district leaders in 750 proved difficult to measure, and invest- schools around the country. It sets out ment per learner was limited. Old to understand organisational culture Mutual has decided to change its focus and its implications for effective man- during the next phase of the project, agement and leadership in contexts due to be rolled out between 2020 and of challenging and complex socioeco- 2024. The programme will prioritise nomic matters. outcomes rather than reach, and moni- toring and evaluation will receive more The importance of informal adult attention. learning Seed Trust research has found that Addressing weaknesses in the more than 50% of informal learning public school system practitioners within South Africa’s basic Kanyisa Diamond, senior project man- education sector have formal coaching ager of the Old Mutual Foundation, said or mentoring qualifications and 91% the next phase of the project will focus undertake a form of continuous profes- on early childhood development (ages sional development, but only 22% have five and six, or grade 0 to R), founda- more than 10 years’ experience in offer- tional and intermediate literacy and ing these services in schools and dis- numeracy (grades one to seven), and tricts. Exploring how to change this out- leadership development to enhance come is another of Old Mutual’s goals. institutional capacity at school and dis- Experience is a valuable commodity and trict levels. extensive research has been conducted South African schoolchildren often into laying the foundations in which fail to acquire numeracy and literacy future leadership programmes can be skills, and learners entering grade one rooted. start from a low base. Research con- ducted in 2016 showed that 78% of grade four learners could not read for meaning in any language, and 2015 research showed that 61% of grade five