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Afrique Renouveau/Shu Zhang Distribution Afrique Renouveau (ISSN 2517-9837) Est Publiée Soutenant La Publication Avril 2018 - Juillet 2018 www.un.org/africarenewal/fr Les jeunes réclament la parole Une génération pleine de talents Les femmes rurales au-devant de la scène Maintien de la paix au Libéria : l’histoire d’un succès AU SOMMAIRE Avril 2018 - Juillet 2018 | Vol. 32 No. 1 4 DOSSIER A LA UNE La jeunesse africaine réclame la parole 6 La révolution du “hashtag” 8 Développer le leadership jeune 10 Interview : Jayathma Wickramanayake 12 Le Nigéria exporte sa musique 14 Portrait : Raphael Obonyo 15 Portrait : Phumzile Van Damme Des libériennes contre la violence lors des élections de 2011. UNMIL/Emmanuel Tobey 16 Portrait : Gwendolyn Myers 17 Portrait : Eric Kaduru 18 Portrait : William Elong 19 Portrait : Gogontlejang Phaladi A LIRE EGALEMENT Chef ďédition Zipporah Musau 20 Interview : Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka 22 Maintien de la paix : l’histoire d’un succès Secrétaire de rédaction Kingsley Ighobor 24 Interview : Général Daniel Opande 26 Libéria: les gardiennes de la paix Rédaction 27 La cryptomonnaie pourrait conquérir l’Afrique Franck Kuwonu 28 Une nouvelle ère de partenariat Recherche & Liaison média 30 Au Cap, les robinets sont à sec Pavithra Rao 32 Le tourisme sud-africain garde son cap Shu Zhang Yinying Lin RUBRIQUES 3 Afrique Horizon Design & Production Paddy D. Ilos, II 35 Afrique Livres 35 Nominations Administration Dona Joseph En couverture : Rahma Mwita Abdallah, jeune activiste tanzanienne lors d’une con- férence des jeunes aux Nations Unies à New York. Afrique Renouveau/Shu Zhang Distribution Afrique Renouveau (ISSN 2517-9837) est publiée soutenant la publication. Les articles de cette Atar Markman en anglais et en français par la Division de la publication peuvent être reproduits librement, communication stratégique du Département à condition de mentionner l’auteur et la source, de l’information des Nations Unies. Toutefois “ONU, Afrique Renouveau”. Merci de nous en Afrique Renouveau est publié au siège des son contenu ne reflète pas nécessairement les adresser une copie. Les photos protégées par un vues des Nations Unies ou des organisations droit d’auteur ne peuvent être reproduites. Nations Unies à New York sur papier recyclé. ©2018 Afrique Renouveau. Tous droits réservés. Abonnez-vous à Afrique Renouveau ISBN: 978-92-1-001139-6 Afrique Renouveau offre un abonnement gratuit à toute eISBN: 978-92-1-045127-7 personne qui en fait la demande. Veuillez communiquer avec la Distribution en nous écrivant à notre adresse postale www.un.org/africarenewal/fr Prière d’adresser toute correspondance au : ou par courriel à l’adresse suivante : [email protected]. Rédacteur, Afrique Renouveau Pour les institutions, l’abonnement annuel s’élève à trente- Bureau S-1032 facebook.com/afriquerenouveau cinq dollars, payables par mandat international ou chèque Nations Unies, NY 10017-2513, E.-U. (en dollars des Etats-Unis) tiré sur une banque des Etats- Tél : (212) 963-6857, Fax : (212) 963-4556 Unies, et libellé à l’ordre des Nations Unies. twitter.com/ONUAfrique E-mail : [email protected] 2 AfriqueRenouveau Avril 2018 - Juillet 2018 NOUVELLES AFRIQUE HORIZON ILS ONT DIT UN Photo/Eskinder Debebe Photo/Eskinder UN Les femmes et les jeunes sont les pionniers et les piliers de la réalisation de la vision de l’Union Un paysan récolte du blé dans la province de Chichaoua, au Maroc. Alamy/Jake Lyell Africaine d’une « Afrique intégrée, prospère et pacifique ».’ Bience Gawanas, Secrétaire générale Maroc: Le secteur agricole au Maroc a connu une croissance d’environ 7 % par an adjointe des Nations Unies et Conseillère spéciale pour l’Afrique Les efforts paient depuis 2008, avec une hausse de 34 % des Par Yinying Lin voir page 34 Personne n’est perdant lorsque les femmes et les e rapporteur spécial de l’ONU sur filles vivent l’égalité et Lle droit à l’alimentation, Hilal Elver, Migration et l’autonomisation. affirme que le plan d’adaptation au Paul Kagame , Président du Rwanda changement climatique, le Plan Maroc commerce Vert (PMV), lancé en 2008, a entraîné une Nous devons nous débar- augmentation de la productivité agricole. es migrations internationales, en par- rasser de cette mentalité Il exhorte en outre le pays à soutenir Lticulier d’Afrique vers l’Europe, font coloniale qui exige que nous davantage les petits exploitants agricoles. généralement l’objet d’une publicité néga- dépendions de la monnaie Le PMV se concentre sur la modernisa- tive. Peut-on en attendre quelque chose de des autres. tion de grandes exploitations à forte valeur positif ? Cyril Ramaphosa, Président de l’Afrique ajoutée, le soutien aux petites exploita- Oui, selon un nouveau rapport qui du Sud tions et la lutte contre la pauvreté rurale. sera publié en mai 2018 par la Conférence Le Maroc a investi environ 150 milliards des Nations Unies sur le Commerce et le Si vous n’avez pas de place à de dirhams dans plus de 700 projets de Développement (CNUCED). Si elle est bien la table, vous vous assoirez mécanisation, d’irrigation et de fertilisa- gérée, la migration intra-africaine peut par terre. tion des sols, et devrait encore investir 20 contribuer au développement en stimulant Gogontlejang Phaladi, Jeune activiste milliards (2,1 milliards de dollars USD) le commerce, la création d’emplois, l’esprit botswanais dans 550 projets communautaires, selon d’entreprise, l’innovation et en réduisant les données du ministère de l’Économie et la pauvreté. Nous espérons que 2018 sera des Finances du pays. Le Rapport 2018 sur le développement l’année où l’Afrique entrera « Le PMV a créé une dynamique économique en Afrique, « Migration et dans l’histoire en signant la irréversible et sans précédent », déclare transformation structurelle », se con- Zone de libre-échange Michael Hage, coordinateur du Bureau centre sur la façon dont les pays peuvent africaine. Afrique du Nord de l’organisation des économiquement tirer parti des migra- Vera Songwe, Nations Unies pour l’alimentation et tions intra-africaines. Secrétaire exécutif, l’agriculture (FAO). « Il a joué un rôle Selon le rapport de la CNUCED, la Commission déterminant dans la sécurité alimentaire plupart des migrations sont intra-afric- économique pour l’Afrique et inspire plusieurs pays africains. aines et offrent des avantages significatifs. AfriqueRenouveau Avril 2018 - Juillet 2018 3 La jeunesse africaine s’appuie sur la technologie et l’amélioration des compétences en matière de leadership et d’organisation pour se mobiliser en faveur du changement social et exiger une place autour de la table pour faire entendre sa voix. Dans cette édition, nous examinons les raisons de l’émergence de jeunes leaders sur le continent et de leur influence grandissante dans le monde politique et des affaires. JEUNES LEADERS Des jeunes Africains participent à un forum international de la jeunesse au siège de l’ONU à New York. Afrique Renouveau/Shu Zhang La jeunesse africaine réclame la parole Leurs voix sont de plus en plus difficiles à ignorer PAR BUSANI BAFANA n vent nouveau souffle sur plus jeune députée. Je suis si fière », a confié Sud, en Égypte, en Tunisie, au Maroc, au l’Afrique : de plus en plus de Mme Oromait au journal The Independent. Cameroun, en Zambie, en Tanzanie, en jeunes remportent les élections. En Afrique du Sud, Lindiwe Mazibuko, encore en Ouganda. L’élection présidentielle Présidents, ministres ou gouver- 37 ans, a été élue chef de l’opposition au d’août 2018 pourrait donner aux dirigeants Uneurs, sénateurs ou députés, ils souhaitent Parlement en 2011, représentante de l’Al- du Zimbabwe une nouvelle jeunesse. être représentés à la table politique. liance démocratique. Elle est devenue la Nelson Chamisa, 40 ans, le nouveau Les jeunes se servent de leurs voix pour première femme noire à occuper ce poste. chef du parti de l’opposition Mouvement faire élire des dirigeants plus jeunes, ou qui « Il n’y a pas de prospérité sans une poli- pour le changement démocratique (MDC), selon eux, seront sensibles à leur situation. tique dynamique, diversifiée et véritable- s’apprête à devenir le futur dirigeant du En Ouganda, Proscovia Oromait n’avait ment compétitive, fondée sur l’excellence, la Zimbabwe. Si M. Chamisa gagnait, il serait que 19 ans en 2012 lorsqu’elle est devenue la transparence et l’engagement envers le bien l’un des plus jeunes présidents d’Afrique plus jeune députée au monde, représentant public », a déclaré Mme Mazibuko lors d’une démocratiquement élus. le comté d’Usuk dans le district de Katakwi. conférence TEDxEuston en janvier 2016. Selon la Commission électorale du « Petite, je disais que j’allais devenir D’autres jeunes rejoindront bientôt les Zimbabwe, 60 % des 5,3 millions d’électeurs Présidente. Faire partie des dirigeants du bancs du Parlement au Nigéria, au Ghana, inscrits aux élections ont moins de 40 ans. pays était un rêve. Me voilà désormais, la en Côte d’Ivoire, au Kenya, en Afrique du Il s’agit d’une preuve de l’engagement des 4 AfriqueRenouveau Avril 2018 - Juillet 2018 jeunes dans le choix d’un nouveau mode président du Times Media Group of South sont créés, ce qui laisse un grand nombre de gouvernance après le mandat de Robert Africa et directeur de Massmart, un détail- de jeunes au chômage. Les conséquences Mugabe, 94 ans, qui a démissionné en lant affilié à Walmart aux États-Unis. massives sont graves : les conditions de vie novembre dernier, après 37 ans au pouvoir. « Ce sont de jeunes entrepreneurs, moins bonnes alimentent la migration hors scientifiques, universitaires, ingénieurs. d’Afrique et les conflits », note la BAD. Une voix nouvelle Ils ne veulent pas d’aide ou de charité. Ils La BAD ajoute que « le résultat à Lors d’une récente interview accordée veulent libérer leur potentiel », a indiqué M. long terme souhaité est l’élargissement à la radio allemande Deutsche Welle, M. Dlamini, qui a été nommé « Jeune leader des opportunités économiques pour les Chamisa déclarait : « Les personnes mondial » en 2008 par le Forum écono- jeunes, afin d’améliorer d’autres aspects influentes, ce sont les jeunes.
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