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Annual Report of the Colonies. Gambia 1927

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Annual Report of the Colonies. Gambia 1927 COLONIAL REPORTS—ANNUAL. No. 1399. GAMBIA. Report for 1927. For Report for 1925 see No. 1306 (Price 9d.) and tor Report tor 1926 see No. 1347 (Price 6d.). LONDON: PUBLISHED BY HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE To be purchased directly from II. M. STATIONERY OFFICE at the following addresses: Adastral House, Kinjfsway, London, W.0.2; 120, George Street, Edinburgh; York Street, Manchester; 1, St. Andrew's Crescent, Cardiff; 15, Donegall Square West, Belfast; or through any Bookseller 1928 Price 0<1. Net, 58.1399 EMPIRE DEVELOPMENT EMPIRE MARKETING BOARD PUBLICATIONS. Note on the work of the Board and Statement of Research Grants approved by the Secretary of State from July, 1926 to May, 1927. Cmd. 2898. 3d. (3$</.). Agricultural Economics in the Empire. (E.M.B. 1.) 6d. {yd.). Tropical Agricultural Research in the Empire, with special reference to Cacao, Sugar Cane, Cotton and Palms. (E.M.B. 2.) 15. 6d. (is. yd.). Agriculture in Trinidad. Report on Develop­ ment. (E.M.B. 3.) %d. (zid). Agriculture in British Guiana. Report on Development. (E.M.B. 4.) yd. (iod.). Agriculture in Leeward and Windward Islands and Barbados. Report on Development. (E.M.B. 5.) 6d. (yd.). Geophysical Surveying. Report of a Sub- Committee of the Committee of Civil Research. November, 1927. (E.M.B. 6.) 6d. (yd.). The Chemistry of Wine Making. A Report on Oenological Research. (E.M.B. 7.) is. od. (is. 2d.). Grass and Fodder Crop Conservation in Trans­ portable Form, (E.M.B. 8.) is. od. (is. 2d.). Empire Marketing Board May, 1927 to May, 1928. (E.M.B. 9.) 15. od. (is. 2d.). IMPERIAL ECONOMIC COMMITTEE PUBLICATIONS. The Imperial Economic Committee has issued a series of publications on the problems connected with the marketing and preparing for market of foodstuffs pro­ duced within the British Empire. The following six volumes are now ready. General Questions, yd. (iod.); Meat, yd. (iod.); Fruit, 45. 6d. (45. iod.); Dairy Produce, 15. (is. 3^.); Fish, 6d. (8d.); Poultry, Eggs, Honey, 15. [is. 2d.). The Eighth Report of the Committee, "The Functions and Work of the Imperial Economic Committee," 6d. (yd.). The relationship between the Committee and the Empire Marketing Board is explained in this Report. All Prices are net. Those in brackets include postage. CONTENTS. History and Geography I. General II. Finance III. Production IV. Trade and Economics V. Communications <_> VI. Justice, Police, and Prison VII. Public Works VIII. Public Health ... IX. Education X. Lands and Survey XI. Labour ... ... • XII. Miscellaneous ... Appendix I.—Principal Firms, etc. ... Appendix II.—List of Barristers, Solicitors and Patent Agents 0*29-21) Wt. 11507—871 875 9/28 II. St. G.7/8 THE GAMBIA. ANXTAL GKXFRAL UKPORT 1!)27. History and Geography. The first descriptive account of* the Gambia dates from 111middle of t IK* loth rc?itnn\ when Alvise < \-MI.I .M:IS:O, a Venei ian. visited 1110 river in ^ barge of an expedition fitted out by Prince Henrvof Portugal, lie* appears to have travelled some 40 miles from the month iu Tin* Portuguese were able to maintain a monopoly of the trad*1 for more than a cent my: an Fnglish exneduion, litt?d out in was prevented from soling by the influence of King dohn II of Portugal. In loNSn l\it«M,> from Queen Klizahctlt o'avu certain merchants of Devon and London a nmnopolv for 10 vears of the ** fiee and whole trafnpiu trade and fen I of merchandise " to and within the Senegal and Gambia rivers. It was stated in the Patent that on*1 voyage had already been performed. The second vovage under the Charter, which was made in 1 C>(.) 1, is described in llakluvt. The French had then traded in these parts for above 30 vears, but the Frenchmen never used to u<> into the river of Gambia, which is a river <:i seerct trade and riches eoncealed by the Portugals'\ The power of Portugal was, however, on the wane, and early in the 17th century the Fnglish established themselves in the Gambia and the Freneh in Senegal to the north. For the following two centuries these countries contended with varying fortunes for the mastery of the two rivers, the coast ports between, and tin* trade of the hinterland. In the 18th century the Royal African Company c mtrolled the commerce of tin; Gambia, and made large1 profits on their cargoes of slaves and gold and ivory and beeswax. (/bartered Company administration was ruined by the Act of 1807, which abolished tin* slave* trade, and although an annual subsidv of £23,000 was paid to the Company it was unable to make a profit, and its assets were taken over by the Crown. Since 1 81 fi the seat of Government has been at Bathurst. which was founded by the Fnglish merchants who left Senegal and the Island of Goree when those territories were restored to France after the Napoleonic wars. It was named after the then Secretary of State for the Colonies. 4 The1 Colony, which comprises the* towns of Hathurst and Georgetown and some adjoining land, has an area of only 09 square miles. The Protectorate is a narrow strip of territory ten kilometres wide on each bank extending up the river for 250 miles from liulhurst. The Gambia River has its source near the village of La he on the Futa tlallon plateau. It flows westward for about 700 miles. The river is navigable for ocean going steamers as far as Kuutaur, and for vssels drawing less than two fathoms as far as Koina, the easternmost village in the Protectorate*, where then* is st rise of two feet daily with the tide. During the rains the upper river rises some thirty feet. This year when the floods were exceptional!v heavy the buildings at Basse*, tin* largest market in the Protectorate in rlio dry season, were twelve fe*;*t under water. The inhabitants of tin* Protectorate are mostly Jollofs, Mandingos, Fula*. and Jolas, nearly all of whom an? Mahommedans, except the last named tribe who are pagan and lower in th» scale of eivilisat ion than the others. The currency is British West African silver and alloy coinage and paper. Since the French five franc pieces were demonetised, little silver has been seen in the Protectorate. There* was in circulation during the year about half a million pounds worth of alloy coinage, and notes to the value of £ 1 ()(>,000. The monetary units and the standards of weights and measures are British, but the people are equally conversant with the metric system owing to their (dose contact with the* neighbouring Colonies. I—General. On the 4th of February Captain SirC. II. Armitage, K.B.I:., r.M.o., D.S.OM left the Colony on retirement after >ix years as Governor of this Colony and after thirty-four years service* in West Africa. His successor. Sir John Middleton, K.n.i:,. C.M.G., late Governor of the Falkland islands, assumed the* administration of the* (lolony on the 10th of March. The* three unofficial members of Legislative ('earned have been re­ appointed by the1 Crown for a further period of fiveyeai>. The Senior unofficial member, the Honourable1 S. .J. Forstcr, has represented Bathurst like his fathe*r before* him for over twenty veto's. He was made an M.n.K. on the King's Birthday. After nearly forty years' residence in this Colonv the Kevereaiel Mother Je>seph of the Congregation e>f St. Joseph e>f Cluny dice! in June. The* deceased lady, who was highly respected, held the Member­ ship of the Older e>f the British Empire. Her funeral was the occasion for a remarkable manifestation of public sympathy on the part of the whole community, Mahommedan as well as Christian. II.—Finance. The revenue and expenditure for the last five years has been : — Snrphts af Year. Espvtclitare. It crett nr. Lntttt ami Li ibilitip.it. 407, ">N I 21 7 147,8!):) 148,058 11)24 2(>8,<;i;5 2o;>>,<;;{5 125,89H J 75,030 IH9,(M> 27i,s;{»; 104v43o 214,181 2i:i,i;4H i< i.-uio i !ir>jn; 15)27 252,419 27 7,r<25 84,171 109,340 The revenue in 11)23 included £177,893, part of a loan from the West African Currency Board to cover the loss on demonetisation. The expenditure in 1925 included £32,54(> for the wrl; Ing off of the rice find seed nut debts of the Protectorate. The expenditure in 1927 included the sum of £.10,000 which was set aside for the establishment of a Reserve Fund, The liability to the West African Currency Board incurred in 1922 \tas reduced during the year by £19,430. Customs receipts, which represented (18 per cent of the total revenue of the Colony, brought in £172,887 as against £ 141,003 the year before. A comparison of the four ehiel items of duty during the last (ire years indicates an improvement in revenue with an increased ground nut crop. Krptirt Dill if. Import Dntjf. \ Ad ralurrtn Year, Tftbwco. (1 i'ol(t((/illtfx. Kolan. Dtltit'X. V £ (;o,<;22 '\7. 30,5 Hi 15,308 1024 • • . •.« 57,572 2:1,2;} 1 IK,xr,7 11,172 1925 41'..] 24 2;k<>k; 1 D.821 10,748 11)20 :\v. .»25 2.-U18 11,855 1927 t;i,;j!2 44, 7D5 2(5.797 17,347 The cost prico of investments held at the (dose of 1927 was £247,246. Tin securities depreciation fund of £13,237 covers more tban twice over the present depreciation of the surplus funds investments.
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