November 17, 2017 Vol. LXIX, No. 23

Jamison says she never misses a day’s dose and is baffled by the fact that medical residents today are largely unaware of the drug’s effectiveness in many patients. Survivors Discuss Suicide’s Joining her in a discussion of suicide was Stubborn Persistence, Dese’Rae L. Stage, an artist and activist who Mismanagement knew by the age of 15, when her own suicidal BY RICH MCMANUS thoughts were exacerbated by a friend who took her own life, “that this was going to be Suicide is one of the leading causes of death my field for the rest of my life.” in the United States, remaining stubbornly Stage was 23 when that life nearly ended. high on the list of medical causes of mortality She had “run away to New York City to join even as deaths from stroke, AIDS, heart the circus” when, despondent over a physi- disease and leukemia have fallen. cally and emotionally abusive relationship, Two people who have survived encoun- Dr. Kay Redfield Jamison of Johns Hopkins she tried to kill herself. ters with this wily enemy of life led off In an attempt to get past the trauma of the 12th season of the NIMH Director’s University School of Medicine, lamented the experience, to surmount the “invisibility Innovation Speaker Series on Oct. 5 at the medicine’s disinterest in lithium, the only and erasure” one feels in the aftermath, she Neuroscience Center. drug that has yet proven effective in sig- set out to find others like herself. That led to Dr. Kay Redfield Jamison, Dalio professor nificantly decreasing suicide attempts and creation of the web site Live Through This in mood disorders and co-director of the completed suicide in patients with manic (livethroughthis.org), a gallery of portraits Mood Disorders Center at Johns Hopkins depression/bipolar illness such as herself. SEE SUICIDE, PAGE 4

Dr. Alan Leshner touts communication at NIH. Institute directors support CFC. See p. 12.

Lori Stokes with NIH director Dr. Francis Collins Scientists Need Public’s ALSO THIS ISSUE Briefs...... 2 ‘GENTLEMANLY, BUT ALSO TOUGH’ Support to Continue Progress, Leshner Says Mother Runs 10K for Son, Children’s Inn . . . 3 Stokes Family, NIH Director BY ERIC BOCK Ollmann Saphire To Give Kinyoun Lecture. . .5 Honor Congressman’s Legacy NIH Honors Work of Physician Assistants . . .7 BY CARLA GARNETT Science has made fantastic progress on virtually every front and, to continue, NINDS Holds Nonprofit Forum...... 9 An hour could not contain all of the fond scientists need the public’s support, argued remembrances that NIH and its broad Dr. Alan Leshner. Digest...... 10 community holds for the late former “We need the public badly. They are the Milestones...... 11 Congressman Louis Stokes, who died in 2015 ultimate receptors for the products of our Seen...... 12 SEE STOKES, PAGE 6 SEE LESHNER, PAGE 8 BRIEFS

Open Enrollment for NIH Leave Bank Medicine and the Marvin Zelen Leadership Award in Three NIH’ers Elected to NAM Fall open enrollment for the NIH Leave Bank runs Statistical Science. He is also an ASA fellow. Three NIH scientists are among 80 new members until Dec. 11. The membership period will begin on In August—with coauthor Dr. Ruth Pfeiffer, also a elected to the National Academy of Medicine. Jan. 7, 2018. senior investigator in the Biostatistics Branch—Gail Election is considered one of the highest honors in the fields of health and medicine and recognizes The Leave Bank is a pooled bank of donated annual published a new book as part of the Monographs on Statistics and Applied Probability Series by CRC individuals who and restored leave available to eligible members. It have demonstrated acts like insurance for your paycheck and amounts Press. Absolute Risk: Methods and Applications in Clinical Management and Public Health draws on outstanding profes- to paid leave for members who have exhausted all sional achievement of their own sick and annual leave and are affected the investigators’ expertise and seminal achieve- ments in modeling absolute risk. and commitment to by a personal or family medical condition. service. Established in 2012, the Peace award is given yearly The Leave Bank differs from the Voluntary Leave Dr. Christine Grady Transfer Program (VLTP) in that the bank is a to a statistical scientist who has made seminal contributions with important societal impact. is chief of the depository of leave; leave is distributed to members department of who are approved to be leave recipients. The VLTP, bioethics at the on the other hand, requires a direct donation from Clinical Center. donor to recipient. An advantage of the Leave Bank Dr. George Koob is that eligible members may receive leave to cover is director of the time out of the office without awaiting donations National Institute from coworkers. on Alcoholism and To become a Leave Bank member, access the Dr. Christine Grady Alcohol Abuse. Dr. Integrated Time and Attendance System (ITAS) John Mascola is during open enrollment and enroll under “Leave director of the Vaccine Research Center. Bank Membership.” If you are a 2017 Leave Bank “These newly elected members represent the member, your membership will automatically most exceptional scholars and leaders in science, continue into 2018, unless you opt out. The yearly NIBIB Mobile App Explains Scans medicine and health membership contribution is one pay period’s in the U.S. and around worth of annual leave accrual. The membership Understanding Medical Scans is a free app for the globe,” said contribution will automatically be waived if you lack mobile devices that offers helpful explanations of NAM president Dr. sufficient leave. common medical imaging procedures. Developed Victor Dzau. “Their For more information visit http://hr.nih.gov/leave- by the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and expertise will help our bank or contact (301) 443-8393 or LeaveBank@ Bioengineering, the new tool’s goal is to explain to organization address od.nih.gov. patients what to expect during a medical scan and today’s most pressing how each type of scan can help with both diagnosis health challenges and Gail Receives ASA’s Karl Peace Award and treatment. inform the future of Dr. Mitchell H. Gail, Five types of medical scans are described in the health and health care senior investigator app: positron emission tomography (PET), com- to benefit us all.” in the Biostatistics puterized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance New members are Branch of NCI’s imaging (MRI), ultrasound and x-ray imaging. The elected by current Division of Cancer app uses question-based navigation, images and members through Epidemiology & videos to highlight each of these state-of-the-art a process that Dr. George Koob Genetics, received technologies. An additional topic within the app recognizes individ- the 2017 Karl E. is the role of imaging in biomedical research. uals who have made major contributions to the Peace Award Developed with the layperson in mind, it may be advancement of the medical sciences, health care for Outstanding helpful for patients and family members in formu- and public health. Statistical lating questions about pending procedures. Contributions for Established originally the Betterment of The app can be downloaded onto an Apple or as the Institute of Society from the Android device, making medical imaging informa- Medicine in 1970 American Statistical Association at the recent Joint tion easily available anywhere. Visit https://www. by the National Statistical Meetings in Baltimore. nibib.nih.gov/ or search Understanding Medical Academy of Sciences, Scans at the Apple store or on Google Play to NAM addresses The award recognizes Gail’s seminal contributions download the app. critical issues in to the development of statistical methodology health, science, and their application to epidemiology and clinical NIH Community College Day, Nov. 21 medicine and related medicine, particularly risk prediction, HIV incidence policy and inspires estimation, genetic epidemiology and the design, NIH Community College Day will take place on positive actions execution and analysis of cancer treatment and Tuesday, Nov. 21 from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. at Natcher across sectors. prevention trials. Notable is his work to develop the Conference Center. To register and for more infor- landmark Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tool, also mation visit www.training.nih.gov. The event will known as the Gail Model, which is widely used in provide community college students and faculty Dr. John Mascola counseling women on their risk of breast cancer. an opportunity to visit campus and learn about careers and training opportunities in biomedical In addition, Gail’s contributions have been recog- and health care fields. nized with his election to the National Academy of

2 • NIH RECORD • NOVEMBER 17, 2017 Mother of Patient Runs 10K for Son, Children’s Inn at NIH BY ERIC BOCK

In September, Carly Israel-Agin was passing through airport security when her son’s school called. Her 8-year-old, Desi Borstein, had a rapidly increasing NICHD’s Basser Honored fever. She went straight to his Dr. Peter Basser (l), senior investigator who heads the school and administered a painful Carly Israel-Agin with her son Desi Borstein section on quantitative imaging and tissue sciences shot that broke the fever. at the National Institute of Child Health and Human The next morning, Israel-Agin Development, accepted the Victor M. Haughton did something she’d never done before: she “We are so grateful when doctors are Award for his groundbreaking work on diffusion tensor imaging at the October annual meeting of ran a 10K. willing to admit they need help,” Israel- the American Society of Functional Neuroradiology “Desi’s super brave and I figured if he Agin said. in Portland, Ore. Congratulating Basser is society could withstand the pain, so could I,” the He was enrolled in a study sponsored by president Dr. Christopher G. Filippi. Ohio mother of three explained. “It felt NHGRI’s Dr. Daniel Kastner and underwent amazing to push myself and it’s because of a week of extensive testing. Since then, he’s the example I have in my little guy.” been under the care of several specialists at Running that distance was important NIH including NHGRI’s Dr. Amanda Obrello, to Israel-Agin because she’s part of the nurse practitioner Patrycja Hoffmann and Children’s Inn at NIH’s #RunINN4Kids NIAID’s Dr. Juan Ravell. Marine Corps race team. On Oct. 22, she ran Desi’s doctors, despite lacking a diagnosis, in the MCM (Marine Corps Marathon) 10K, have found a medication that has kept him a 6.2-mile race that passes by some of the out of the hospital for the past 10 months. most recognizable landmarks in Washington, He’s kept busy during that time. Israel-Agin

D.C., and Arlington, Va. To join the team, said he’s begun to write stories with his best ON THE COVER: NCI scientist holds three test tubes runners must raise at least $600 for the inn. friend from home. He and his family like containing (from l) healthy T-lymphocytes, T-cells She raised more than $7,000. to watch cartoons and Cleveland Cavaliers infected with HIV/AIDS virus and T-cells exposed to Israel-Agin joined because she and her games, play video games, soccer and kickball, HIV but protected by AZT. son are one of more than 13,000 families bake cookies and crack jokes. IMAGE: JOHN CRAWFORD, MAPB with children participating in clinical At the inn, Desi has found a place like The NIH Record studies at NIH who have stayed at the inn, home. His mom said he especially enjoys Since 1949, the NIH Record has been published for no charge, since 1990. She doesn’t know checking his inn mailbox every day for a biweekly by the Editorial Operations Branch, where her family would be if it wasn’t for special treasure. When he’s there, he sleeps Office of Communications and Public Liaison, NIH and the inn. So she wants to help others on a pillowcase that a volunteer made. National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services. For editorial policies, email in her position. “It’s his place,” his mom said. “He also editor or phone (301) 496-2125. Desi doesn’t have a diagnosis. He was loves the air hockey table and the fact that he Editor: Rich McManus born with a complete blockage of a vein that knows his way around.” [email protected] normally circulates blood from the brain And what’s Desi’s favorite part about the Associate Editor: Carla Garnett to the heart. As he grew, new veins formed inn? “Everything!” [email protected] and bypassed the blockage. However, the In early October, Israel-Agin said one of Staff Writers: veins prevent the bones in the back of his Desi’s doctors at NIH asked him to come Eric Bock • [email protected] Dana Talesnik • [email protected] head from closing. He also repeatedly gets back. Subscribe via email: Follow: unexplained high fevers that can rise above “We no longer expect a magical solution, [email protected] http://nihrecord.nih.gov/ 107 degrees if left untreated. but I heard words I have never before heard,” Facebook “f” Logo CMYK / .eps Facebook “f” Logo CMYK / .eps Desi first came to NIH when he was 3 she said: “‘We found someone who closely The NIH Record is recyclable as years old at the suggestion of a local immu- resembles your son.’” mixed paper. nologist who believed NIH was his best Doctors have identified a new lead that chance, since no one could figure out what might provide more insight into Desi’s con- was wrong with him. dition. It could one day lead to a diagnosis.

NIH RECORD • NOVEMBER 17, 2017 • 3 a field of academic study. Nevertheless, she Suicide persisted. CONTINUED FROM PAGE 1 In the immediate aftermath of her own and true stories of nearly 200 suicide attempt—an event that included a surfeit of attempt survivors across America. embarrassments, as Stage was lightly clothed Jamison was 17 and in high school when at the time—she had a dream gig of a pro- she suffered her first psychotic breakdown fessional life. She was working for a record and depression. In that condition, she label in New York, which gave her access to learned how to load her father’s gun. such heroes as Jay Z, Tori Amos and Amanda By graduation, the dark mists had lifted, Palmer. The job was cool, but not fulfilling. but her mania and depression “got much Stage bought a camera as a healing tool, worse over the years.” At age 28, following a a coping mechanism. The thing that had been missing from her studies of suicide was bout of mania and depression, she took what “Being in a coma is an eye-opener, it turns she knew—being a lithium researcher—was out,” Jamison observed drily. finding the humanity in the predicament of a enough lithium to kill her. person contemplating such an extreme act. “I unambivalently wanted to die.” “Lithium is the only drug we know that Seven years ago, she googled “suicide But she didn’t. “Being in a coma is an eye- works well in preventing suicide and severe survivor. I was looking for a lived-experience opener, it turns out,” she observed drily. attempts, but few prescribe it.” identity. How do you find support groups? Jamison was eloquent in her description Acknowledging that it doesn’t work How do I get past it? I was already 4 years out of the self-deception she and others with her for everybody, Jamison is nonetheless from my own suicide attempt. I was unful- condition are capable of, recounting a pact concerned about lithium’s non-use. Part filled in my work with musicians and looking she made with Jack, a friend and erstwhile of the problem is that the drug has gone off for a personal project that would change that suitor who also suffered from bipolar illness. patent and is no longer a money-maker. It feeling. I immediately thought, ‘What if I The two, both prone to skipping their med- also means more work for physicians—blood could do with my camera what I couldn’t do ication, made a blood oath that they would draws and follow-up. in academia?’ meet at Jack’s house on Cape Cod to walk the “No one defends or makes the case for “I set out to find out who these people beach—they called it “Hostage Week”—should it anymore,” she said. “Residents are not were,” she said, and Live Through This was one feel on the verge of suicide. taught to use it. Why don’t we do more about born. “We figured that a week was long enough that? I don’t understand. Why doesn’t the Her first notion was to use her PR to make the argument for life,” Jamison community use it more?” contacts from the rock music world to find recalled. “We agreed not to buy guns or let She suggested a campaign to persuade celebrities who might open up to her. anyone else have them in the house. Still, physicians to rediscover lithium. Anything “Almost all of them told me to buzz I had my doubts. Who are we kidding? It to thwart “the pain, the guilt, the agonizing off,” she said. “I had no body of work, no wasn’t in me to call for help, let alone arrange ‘What could I have done differently?’” credibility.” travel to Massachusetts.” Des Stage has lots of ideas about what can She posted Craigslist ads in New York, but Her skepticism was fulfilled when Jack, be done differently. that site eventually demurred from publish- a successful Yale grad and holder of some While an undergraduate at East ing her posts. In time, though, people found 1,000 patents for everything from toys, to Tennessee State University, Stage, who by her. A 2013 Kickstarter campaign brought in missiles, to household products, shot himself then was already a suicide loss survivor, $23,000 in 30 days, enough to broaden her in the head. was discouraged from pursuing suicide as recruitment campaign beyond New York “I was shaken, but not surprised,” said City. Within a year, Stage and Live Through Jamison. “Suicide is not beholden to an This were the subject of a story in the New evening’s promises.” York Times. Suicide, with 1 million deaths annually A charming, forthright, admitted “over- worldwide, “is a huge problem and it’s only sharer,” Stage has a disarmingly simple m.o.: getting worse,” she said. “I interview people. I just say, ‘Tell me your Almost diabolically, the average age of story.’ All they know is that I’ve been there.” onset of the most common causes of suicidal Stage takes portraits of survivors, thoughts—depression, manic depression and depicting them “in the world they were ready schizophrenia—is the late teens and early to leave. Just a quiet, honest moment that twenties, a time when this population is least prompts the viewer to look into our eyes.” likely to be in treatment, said Jamison. “It is There are rules: participants have to be a very difficult clinical problem.” at least 18, they must be willing to use their Dese’Rae L. Stage offers views on care of full names and likenesses and they must be a It frustrates her that lithium, the gold suicidal people. year out from their most recent attempt. standard for bipolar illness, is not often PHOTOS: MARLEEN VAN DEN NESTE enough used nowadays. “This has been such an anonymous and

4 • NIH RECORD • NOVEMBER 17, 2017 The opacity and impersonalization of many she always asks, Is suicide still an option for medical interactions is now an enemy: “It you? “Most people who share their stories leaves you with nothing to hang your hopes say ‘Yes, but I don’t want it to be.’ The best on…It took me until I was 30 to know what approach is to find ways to cope.” questions to ask at intake.” As taboo as suicide is, “It can’t be terri- Only 7 states have suicide training fying to the experts,” Stage said. “We can’t programs, she said, calling for a need to operate from a position of fear. Fear-driven prioritize education, especially given that care isn’t care…Talking openly gives other suicidal ideation can occur in children as people permission to do so, too. A safe, young as 5. productive conversation can defuse a crisis Stage concluded, “Regular people are the and flip the switch. ones who are going to save lives. But we need “People want to tell their stories, but more resources, not necessarily adhering to many are afraid,” she said. Virtually all of “I just say, ‘Tell me your story.’ All they know is that I’ve been there,” said Stage. the medical world model. One size doesn’t Stage’s interview subjects decide to tell their fit all.” stories because they feel that if they can help marginalized group,” Stage says. “I feel that She warns against platitudes and the just one person, it’s worth it. the personal part of suicide is unmined retailing of such likely untruths as, “It gets “Let’s do something different,” said Stage, territory.” better.” “together.” Before her site began, “We just didn’t “That contributes to a sense of futility exist,” Stage continues. “We were stuck in a and hopelessness,” she said. When Stage shame closet—let it go, shut up. I was tired of interviews people for Live Through This, the silence. I’ve never been a silent person.” Stage is convinced she is changing public attitudes, which was her goal. “Research has DEC. 5 shown that ordinary people’s stories have the biggest effect, not celebrities.” Her mission is Ollmann Saphire To Give Kinyoun Lecture to “create connections, even if [people] can’t Dr. Erica Ollmann Saphire, director of the Immunotherapeutic Consortium, meet face to face.” will deliver the 2017 Joseph J. Kinyoun Memorial Lecture on Tuesday, Dec. 5 at 3 p.m. in Lipsett So far, she has done 182 interviews in Amphitheater, Bldg. 10. 35 cities. Far from the passive recipient of Her talk, “Antibodies Against and Lassa: A Global others’ wisdom, she has become evangelical Collaboration,” will explore the features of antibodies that protect about larger themes. against these deadly viruses and the ongoing need for scientists “Health care is a problem” in general, she to collaborate in this research to establish a complete knowledge base. During the past 3 years, consortium researchers from dozens says. “Suicide is a human experience, but we of labs on 5 continents have studied these protective antibodies. have a hard time treating it that way.” The consortium aims to fill critical knowledge gaps and provide When she tried to take her life in 2006 a foundation of research that can be used to improve existing in Tennessee, cops pounded on her door vaccines and antivirals and to evaluate the pipeline of candidate and carted her off without allowing her to countermeasures. change clothes. Ollmann Saphire, who has served as consortium director since 2013, “It was a humiliating experience, but investigates the structural biology of both viruses and antibod- tame compared to what I’ve heard,” she ies—how viruses like Ebola, Marburg and Lassa infect host cells, what the viruses’ weaknesses are and which antibody combinations said. The risk of harm from first responders might defeat them. This work has led to surprising and substantial is an issue, Stage noted, as is the brusque discoveries in virology: Her team recently found that some viral Dr. Erica Ollmann Saphire and distant treatment frequently visited on proteins can change their 3-D structures to play several different such patients while in the ambulance and roles, allowing more information and more function to be encoded in concise viral genomes. at the hospital. Ollmann Saphire received her Ph.D. in macromolecular and cellular structure and chemistry from “A person-centered assessment is the Scripps Research Institute in 2000. She has since held a number of positions there, where she needed,” she argues, not a filling out of rote is currently a professor of and microbial science. Her work has been recognized by a and somewhat ridiculous, given the situa- Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers, the Burroughs Wellcome Fund and young investigator awards from the American Society for and , tion, forms. the American Society for Microbiology and the International Society for Antiviral Research. She “Not all people who attempt suicide is a fellow of both the American Academy of Microbiology and the American Association for the need hospitalization,” she continued. “We Advancement of Science and serves on the scientific leadership board of the Global Virus Network. need to learn to ask these people, ‘What do Since 1979, NIAID has hosted an annual public lecture in honor of Dr. Joseph J. Kinyoun. In 1887, he you need?’” founded the Laboratory of Hygiene—the forerunner of NIH—paving the way for more than a century Stage promised herself, in recovery, that of groundbreaking medical discoveries since then. she would “change everything about my life.”

NIH RECORD • NOVEMBER 17, 2017 • 5 At an NIH event honoring the late Congressman Louis Stokes are (from l) NIMHD director Dr. Eliseo Pérez-Stable; Collins, along with Stokes’s children Lori Stokes, Shelley Stokes-Hammond and Chuck Stokes, and former Health and Human Services secretary Dr. Louis Sullivan.

PHOTOS: CHIA-CHI CHARLIE CHANG

Stokes on health conditions that disproportionately often thinks about the legislator when going CONTINUED FROM PAGE 1 affect minority populations and to training to work there. at age 90. But an event hosted Oct. 12 by the programs for minorities underrepresented “He was the gentleman from Ohio and he National Institute on Minority Health and in biomedical science careers. was always gentlemanly,” Collins recalled, Health Disparities—just one part of NIH “A champion of legislative prowess, “but he was also tough. He wanted, when he was instrumental in seeing founded and Congressman Stokes carved out a path for he asked a question, that somebody might funded—featured as many warm recollec- us to address health disparities,” Pérez- actually provide an answer. He would occa- tions as could fit into 60 minutes. Stable said. sionally remind us that while our eloquence Fortunately many of those stories—and a Long-time Stokes friend Sullivan, who was impressive, what he was really looking lot of shared history—were also documented served as HHS secretary 1989-1993, recalled for was substance…I always admired his by the lawmaker himself in a recently meeting the lawmaker in fall 1975 and fairness, his generosity of spirit, but [more] released autobiography, The Gentleman “immediately formed a great relationship his principled way of handling the respon- from Ohio. that lasted a number of years. sibilities he carried on his shoulders and Led by former Health and Human “All of us went to Lou Stokes,” Sullivan carried them well, representing his district Services secretary Dr. Louis Sullivan, remembered. “We were not in Ohio, not in but really the whole nation in a way that was NIH director Dr. Francis Collins and Cleveland, so we couldn’t vote for him…but truly remarkable.” NIMHD director Dr. Eliseo Pérez-Stable he would really respond to us whether we Collins, along with Stokes’s daughters and attended by several Stokes family were from Georgia or from Nashville or from Shelley and Lori and son Chuck, reflected members, the occasion billed as a “Fireside New Orleans because the issue of minority for the next hour on the impact their dad’s Chat” honored the legislator’s legacy in health and minority professionals was very career and character had on improving the Bldg. 50, which bears his name, the Louis close to him.” health and well-being of people nationwide Stokes Laboratories. According to the former HHS head, through his promotion of laws and initiatives A founder of the Congressional Black Stokes “helped get appropriations year after at NIH especially but also in the biomedical Caucus (CBC) in the 1970s not long after his year for scholarship support, for research research community at large. election as the first black U.S. representative and teaching facilities, including NIH’s With a mixture of humor and emotion, from Ohio and first chair of CBC’s Health Research Centers at Minority Institutions,” the group described many Stokes anecdotes, Brain Trust, Stokes served “numerous prom- which still exists. priorities and values: the importance inent roles in the House of Representatives “He played a very critical role not only of family, principles in the political throughout his career,” said Pérez-Stable, for the health of minorities in general but environment, Stokes’s appreciation for a “but what I believe to be the true essence also for minority institutions,” Sullivan said. good-natured prank by his brother as well as of his life’s work and why we are here today “He was a very good friend…Lou Stokes his devotion to justice and law. is the energy he poured into improving represented an idealist, worked very hard, “Thanks for remembering my father in the nation’s health. He was an outspoken came along at a special time, accomplished such a beautiful way,” concluded Shelley supporter of biomedical research and led the much and all of us are better off for what he Stokes-Hammond. charge to appropriate billions of dollars to contributed to us.” After the chat concluded, Stokes’s family these efforts.” Collins and 3 of Stokes’s 4 adult children lingered for a while, signing copies of the Stokes was instrumental in launching then took to armchairs set on a platform that book and reminiscing with a crowd of the NIH’s Office of Minority Programs in 1990, temporarily transformed Bldg. 50’s science congressman’s admirers. which evolved into a center in 2000 and conference space into an informal, cozy See the entire event online at eventually became NIMHD in 2010. living room. https://videocast.nih.gov/summary. A member of Congress’s appropriations The NIH director’s laboratory, which asp?Live=26485&bhcp=1. committee, Stokes was known for helping focuses on diabetes, is located on the 5th direct millions in funds to NIH for research floor of the Stokes Bldg. and Collins said he

6 • NIH RECORD • NOVEMBER 17, 2017 NIH recognized the work of physician assistants at an event that included speakers (from l) Dr. Richard Childs, NHLBI clinical director; Deputy Surgeon General Sylvia Trent-Adams; and keynoter Clinical Center CEO Dr. James Gilman. At right, PAs assemble for a photo after the event. PHOTOS: JEFF ELKINS

NIH Recognizes Work of Physician Assistants Army, he learned how valuable they are. In the mil- itary, he explained, they provide routine care, train NIH recognized the contributions physician assis- Eugene Stead founded the first PA education medics and, when deployed, provide advanced tants (PAs) have made on campus, in the military program at Duke University, said Clinical Center trauma and life support skills. These responsibilities and the Public Health Service on Oct. 12 in the CEO Dr. James Gilman during the event’s keynote “illustrate the flexibility and adaptability of PAs as a Clinical Center’s southeast patio room. The event address. The first students were four Navy profession and as individuals.” was held during PA Week. corpsmen. They graduated in 1967, marking the beginning of the profession. Gilman noted, “The future of your profession looks “PAs play a vital role in the care of patients across very, very bright. I’m very proud to work with all the nation and, in particular, in the care of patients Before he came to the CC, Gilman worked of you.” here at NIH,” said Dr. Richard Childs, NHLBI clinical extensively with PAs. During his 35 years in the U.S. director and a senior investigator in the Laboratory PAs in the PHS have shown their ability to provide of Transplantation Immunotherapy. • • • health care and leadership, noted Deputy Surgeon General Sylvia Trent-Adams. They’ve responded to He said NIH employs about 40 PAs. On campus, “...The future of your natural disasters like Hurricanes Katrina and Sandy they take care of patients, help conduct clinical and and participated in the response to the Ebola scientific research and mentor staff, from nurses to profession looks very, very outbreak in West Africa. physicians to fellows. He first began working with PAs 15 years ago. Right now, he works with two. bright.” Trent-Adams concluded with a challenge: “You have done a lot, you continue to do a lot, but “These two PAs are the best clinicians I’ve ever ~DR. JAMES GILMAN worked with,” Childs said. there’s a lot more for you to do.”—Eric Bock The profession has military roots. In 1965, Dr. • • •

Stanford’s Quake Lectures at Another early study used microfluidics and single cell genomic amplification to follow the changing NIBIB Council patterns of gene expression in individual clonal Dr. Stephen Quake, the Lee Otterson professor lines of cells in childhood acute lymphoblastic of bioengineering, physics and applied physics leukemia. The researchers tracked patterns of at Stanford University, recently gave the fourth emergence of mutated genes in individual cells annual Lopez lecture at NIBIB’s September of the tumor population. Each patient presented council meeting. He described how he, his col- with distinct patterns of combinations of mutated leagues and students have employed “precision genes. However, the analysis revealed commonly measurement in medicine” to develop and exploit mutated genes in many clones, suggesting the properties of microfluidic chip and sequencing common targets for therapies despite the technologies—creating paradigm shifts in crystal polyclonal nature of the disease. formation, single cell genomics and non-invasive Quake concluded with examples of how the lab prenatal diagnosis. adapted single molecule sequencing and precise One of the first successes of microfluidics was Dr. Stephen Quake (l) with NIBIB director Dr. counting of amplified molecules of cell-free DNA that the physical properties of reagents at Roderic Pettigrew in blood to eliminate risky, invasive diagnostic nanoliter volumes allowed crystal formation of procedures. important biological proteins that would not Another breakthrough enabled by microfluidics Quake’s take-home message is that nearly all the crystallize under standard conditions. The study was single cell genome analysis. One of the initial technologies he described have become commer- of the structure of these proteins dramatically studies tracked gene expression as cell types cially available and have significantly improved advanced our knowledge of their roles in human differentiated in the developing lung to create public health.—Thomas M. Johnson health and disease and the subsequent develop- alveoli. Large sets of transcripts were found that ment of medical treatments. defined each cell type of the differentiating lung.

NIH RECORD • NOVEMBER 17, 2017 • 7 Leshner for example, that CONTINUED FROM PAGE 1 when one scientist is found guilty of work,” said Leshner, chief executive officer conflict of interest, emeritus at the American Association for the it tarnishes the Advancement of Science and former NIDA reputation of director, during an Oct. 19 NCCIH lecture thousands of other in Lipsett Amphitheater on communicating scientists. Even science to the public. “The public only though these are supports science because they think it’s good rare events, the for society and that it serves society.” “effect is incredibly Overall, the public approves of scien- pervasive.” tific research. Support depends on how Another reason productive scientists are, the quality and for mistrust is trustworthiness of “science, the enterprise, when scientific not just science, the project,” and what the findings contradict public learned about science in school. a group’s core A question posed by audience member Dr. Jack Stein of NIDA earns a response from Leshner (below, l) that cracks up the crowd. Despite progress, Leshner, who has also values. served as deputy director and acting director “People don’t PHOTOS: CHIA-CHI CHARLIE CHANG of the National Institute of Mental Health make decisions and in several roles at the National Science based on science. They bring science into the Leshner weaves narratives into his scien- Foundation, has never felt “as uneasy as I context of their own goals, knowledge, values tific talks. He believes stories are the most do now about the way the public relates to and beliefs,” Leshner said. Researchers and effective way to communicate science. science. They seem ambivalent, indifferent, the public may have different opinions. “A lot of what we do feels esoteric and w w w is difficult to bring into a personal context. Often, we can do that by talking about the “People don’t make decisions based on science. They bring story of discovery. And then people go, ‘Aha, science into the context of their own goals, knowledge, values that’s interesting,’” he said. Leshner avoids hyperbole, which can and beliefs.” “damage the credibility of science.” He’s ~DR. ALAN LESHNER also learned to speak in soundbites. He once told a reporter that “‘addiction is a brain w w w disease, expressed in behavioral ways and or, in some cases, hostile to much of science.” To rebuild trust, he advised scientists in a social context.” However, the only thing Over the past few decades, polls suggest to engage with the public at every level by people ever heard was “addiction is a brain certain demographic segments have lost talking with them, not at them. disease, because they don’t hear the clauses trust in science. Engaging the public effectively requires or caveats.” Certain events, such as scientific mis- one to think about context—What does the Although communicating science is conduct, can damage that trust. He said, public need to know in order for them to difficult, Leshner said the public must be understand the finding? Who is the involved in shaping the research agenda. scientist speaking to and what do During his time as NIDA director, he gave they care about? What is the scientist talks around the country. At the end of trying to accomplish? Is a scientist, one event, a woman asked him what the for instance, trying to explain a topic, difference is between the effect of a drug on make an argument or tell a story? a young child’s brain versus an older child’s These considerations will shape the brain. That question started a research communication strategy. program on the neurological differences Some of the best communicators between younger and older adolescents. use images and graphics, he said. “NIH has done a great job, I think—better Recently, NASA ran a “pretty picture” than some other federal agencies—at getting to illustrate what happens when two the word out about what it’s discovered. neutron stars collide. Without that But we need it, and we need a lot more of photo, the collision is just a “theoret- it,” Leshner concluded. “This stuff that ical concept” and “you need a whole NIH does is fabulous and has tremendous lot of background to get it.” implications and impacts on people.”

8 • NIH RECORD • NOVEMBER 17, 2017 Research, describing how difficult neurologi- cal disorders are to treat. “To be an effective drug, we [at FDA] evaluate how it makes the patient feel, function and survive.” Throughout the 2-day meeting, nonprofit representatives shared lessons as well as success stories, which ranged from discovering new treatments to achieving therapy readiness. Dr. Anne Pariser of NCATS and Ron Bartek of the Freidreich’s Ataxia Research Alliance led a presentation on the new, web-based At NINDS’s recent forum (from l) Lauren Dunlap of the Advocacy & Awareness for Immune Disorders NCATS Toolkit for Patient-Focused Therapy Association discusses her poster with NINDS director Dr. Walter Koroshetz; Janet Hieshetter of the Dystonia Development. The toolkit, which debuted Medical Research Foundation leads the “Maximizing Impact in a Tough Budget Era” discussion; and Dr. Margie in September, was created as a one-stop Frazier of the Batten Disease Support and Research Association shares a success story. resource to guide patient groups through the PHOTOS: DANIEL SOÑÉ therapy development process. “Patient involvement is critical and neces- NINDS Nonprofit Forum New this year was a pre-forum orientation session sary at every stage of rare diseases research and for first-time attendees that featured a primer on therapy development,” Pariser said. Explores Progress Through NINDS research priority-setting, decision-making Partnership and NIH basics given by Dr. David Owens of the Eric Dishman, director of the All of Us Research Division of Extramural Activities and Dr. Ernie Lyons Program, provided an in-depth look at NIH’s BY SHANNON E. GARNETT of the Scientific Review Branch. Also on the bill was newest research initiative. All of Us is an effort to “A Day in the Life of a Program Director,” by Dr. Jill gather data from 1 million or more people living NINDS recently held its 11th “Progress Through Morris of the Neurogenetics Cluster. in the United States to accelerate research and Partnership” nonprofit forum bringing together improve health. more than 130 participants—including representa- The forum featured discussions on patient- tives from 63 patient advocacy groups from around driven research, access to new drugs for rare “I became a patient advocate because patient the country—to learn about NINDS research and neurological disorders, continuity of care and advocates helped me understand what was funding, network with each other and interact with issues and challenges in functional endpoints and happening to me,” said Dishman, a 23-year kidney program staff. neurological scales, which focused on Food and cancer survivor. “At the heart of the All of Us Drug Administration guidance for neurological Research Program is a participant-centeredness “The purpose of the meeting is two-fold,” said clinical trials. that undergirds all that we do.” NINDS director Dr. Walter Koroshetz. “First, to listen to the nonprofit organizations and get their “There is no other area I can think of besides During the meeting, nonprofit representatives input and feedback, and second, to inform them neurology that is so rich with opportunities but so also informally met with NINDS program staff and about what we are doing here at NINDS and where devoid of beneficial therapies,” said panelist Dr. attended a session featuring 25 posters on key their tax dollars go.” Billy Dunn of FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and nonprofit initiatives involving the institute.

Forum Session Emphasizes Importance of Continuity of Care knowledge of their medical condition, ability to manage their condition and enjoy the best quality of life,” he said. “Only in recent years has transition Continuity of Care—one of the many patient-centered topics presented been understood as a process that takes many years of preparation.” during NINDS’s nonprofit forum—explored transitional care, which is the process beginning in early adolescence to prepare children with chronic Ten years ago, Brown started a program to help families whose children illness and their families for adult care. with Lennox Gastaut syndrome, a severe form of epilepsy, were aging out of CHOP. The program grew to include all adolescents and youth with neuro- “From the perspective of the young adult, it is a challenge to shift from a logical disorders and became a national project later adopted by the Child long-standing family-based medical relationship to what can be an alien adult Neurology Foundation (CNF). medical system that is individual-based, often narrowly focused and with fewer After organizing a consensus panel that published transition guidelines for supports like social workers, therapists youth with neurological disorders, CNF looked for ways to integrate the or special education resources,” said Dr. process into daily practice and to help adolescents understand the impor- Lawrence Brown of Children’s Hospital tance of preparing for adulthood. This led them to develop resources for of Philadelphia (CHOP). neurologists on the CNF web site, projects to incorporate transition into the electronic medical record and a comic book titled Understanding Transitional Brown focused on the neurologist’s role Care in Epilepsy. in transition. He discussed barriers to as well as core elements of good health Programs like CHOP’s are being developed throughout the United States and care transition. Canada, but creating a standard plan remains a challenge. “Little attention was ever directed on “Clearly, there is no one size fits all,” Brown concluded. “The needs within what we as pediatric specialists and neurology are as variable as those across other specialties. For example, tran- primary care providers could do to sition preparation for a youth with Duchenne dystrophy is very different than ensure that all youth—especially those for one with tuberous sclerosis, and what is needed for sickle cell disease is Panelist Dr. Lawrence Brown speaks on transitional care. with special health care needs—would different than for cystic fibrosis.” reach their full potential in terms of

NIH RECORD • NOVEMBER 17, 2017 • 9 DIGEST

Study Shows How Memories the researchers theorized that this neural dialogue findings may help researchers modify CWHM-117 could help the brain retain information. to make it more effective. Furthermore, parasites Ripple Through the Brain lacking the plasmepsins could potentially be used To test that idea, they examined brain activity Using an innovative “NeuroGrid” technology, to screen candidate drugs to identify additional during NREM sleep in rats trained to locate anti-malaria compounds. scientists showed that sleep boosts communica- rewards in a maze and in rats that explored the tion between two brain regions whose connection maze in a random fashion. In the latter group Study Identifies Brain Patterns is critical for the formation of memories. The of animals, the ripples in the hippocampus and work, published in Science, was partially funded cortex were no more synchronized before explor- Underlying Moms’ Responses to by the Brain ing the maze than afterwards. In the trained rats, Infant Cries Research through the learning task increased the cross-talk between Advancing those areas, and a second training session Infant cries activate specific brain regions related Innovative boosted it even more, further suggesting that to movement and speech, according to an NIH Neurotechnologies such communication is important for the creation study of mothers in 11 countries. The findings, (BRAIN) Initiative. and storage of memories. led by researchers at NICHD, identify behaviors and underlying brain activities that are consis- “Using new tech- The group hopes to use the NeuroGrid in people tent among mothers from different cultures. nologies advanced undergoing brain surgery for other reasons to Understanding these reactions may help in by the BRAIN determine if the same ripples occur in the human identifying and treating caregivers at risk for child Initiative, these IMAGE: MAXIPHOTO/ISTOCK brain. The researchers also plan to investigate maltreatment and other problematic behaviors. researchers made if manipulating that neural firing in animals can a fundamental boost or suppress memory formation in order to The study team conducted a series of behavioral discovery about how the brain creates and stores confirm that ripples are important for that process. and brain imaging studies using functional new memories,” said Dr. Nick Langhals, program magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In a group of director at the National Institute of Neurological “Identifying the specific neural patterns that go 684 new mothers in Argentina, Belgium, Brazil, Disorders and Stroke. along with memory formation provides a way to Cameroon, France, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kenya, better understand memory and potentially even South Korea and the United States, researchers A brain structure called the hippocampus is widely address disorders of memory,” said Gelinas. observed and recorded 1 hour of interaction thought to turn new information into permanent between the mothers and their 5-month-old memories while we sleep. Previous work by the New Targets Revealed for babies at home. The team analyzed whether new study’s senior author, New York University mothers responded to their baby’s cries by School of Medicine professor Dr. György Buzsáki, Anti-Malaria Drugs revealed high-frequency bursts of neural firing The deadliest malaria parasite needs two proteins called ripples in the hippocampus during sleep to infect red blood cells and exit the cells after it and suggested they play a role in memory multiplies, a finding that may provide researchers storage. The current study confirmed the pres- with potential new targets for drug development, ence of ripples in the hippocampus during sleep according to researchers funded by NIH. Their and found them in certain parts of the association study appeared in Science. neocortex, an area on the brain’s surface involved in processing complex sensory information. Plasmodium falciparum, the species of parasite that causes the most malaria deaths worldwide, “When we first observed this, we thought it was has developed drug-resistance in five countries in incorrect because it had never been observed Southeast Asia. before,” said Dr. Dion Khodagholy, the study’s co-first author and assistant professor at In the current study, researchers sought to uncover Columbia University. the role of plasmepsins IX and X, two of the 10 types of plasmepsin proteins produced by P. fal- IMAGE: NIDERLANDER/ISTOCK Using a cutting-edge NeuroGrid system they ciparum for metabolic and other processes. They invented, along with recording electrodes placed created malaria parasites that lacked plasmepsin IX deeper into the brain, the researchers examined showing affection, distracting, nurturing (like or X under experimental conditions and compared feeding or diapering), picking up and holding or activity in several parts of rats’ brains during them to those that had the two proteins. non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, the talking. Regardless of which country they came longest stage of sleep. Their NeuroGrid consists of The team found plasmepsin IX in rhoptries, from, mothers were likely to pick up and hold or a collection of tiny electrodes linked together like specialized cell structures inside the parasite that talk to their crying infant. the threads of a blanket, which is then laid across help it invade red blood cells. Parasites lacking Through fMRI studies of other groups of women, an area of the brain so that each electrode can plasmepsin IX had defective rhoptries. In addition, the team found that infant cries activated similar continuously monitor the activity of a different set the team observed plasmepsin X in exonemes— brain regions in new and experienced mothers: of neurons. small vesicles (balloon-like structures) that help the supplementary motor area, which is associ- malaria parasites exit infected cells. The team “This particular device allows us to look at ated with the intention to move and speak; the also discovered that plasmepsin X processes an inferior frontal regions, which are involved in the multiple areas of the brain at the same time,” said important protein called SUB1. When deprived of Dr. Jennifer Gelinas, the study’s co-first author production of speech; and the superior temporal plasmepsin X, the parasites couldn’t process SUB1 regions that are linked to sound processing. and assistant professor at Columbia. and couldn’t infect red blood cells or exit these The team was also surprised to find that the cells after multiplying. Overall, the findings suggest that mothers’ ripples in the association neocortex and hippo- responses to infant cries are hard-wired and gen- The researchers also identified three experimental eralizable across cultures. The study also builds campus occurred at the same time, suggesting malaria drugs that may work by targeting plasme- the two regions were communicating as the upon earlier work showing that women’s and psin X. One drug, called CWHM-117, has already men’s brains respond differently to infant cries. rats slept. Because the association neocortex is been tested in a mouse model of malaria. The new thought to be a storage location for memories,

10 • NIH RECORD • NOVEMBER 17, 2017 MILESTONES

After 20 Years, miss about working at NIH is his “ringside seat for world-class science.” He added, “I will also miss Edmonds my opportunity to interact with the physicians, Retires from scientists and engineers supported by NIGMS. I admire and envy them (mostly) and get a vicarious NIGMS reward from their success.” BY CHRIS PALMER While at NIGMS, Edmonds pursued his interest Dr. Charles G. Edmonds in public health, obtained a graduate certificate retired from his position therein and served on details to Kenya and to as program director in the public health laboratory division in the D.C. NIGMS’s Division of Cell department of forensic sciences. “I understand Biology and Biophysics and endorse the argument that basic science recently, putting a cap on a remarkable globe-trot- is necessary to eventually have something to ting, highly interdisciplinary career. translate into improved diagnosis, treatment and At NIH and beyond, Edmonds is well-regarded for prevention of disease, but I have admired and his scientific and administrative contributions in envied my colleagues in the categorical institutes NIAMS director Dr. Stephen Katz (c) and deputy director Dr. Robert Carter (r) biochemical analysis and structural biology. He is a and elsewhere who are on or near the field of battle,” said Edmonds. welcome new members to the institute’s card-carrying mass spectrometrist and an enthu- council. They are (from l) Dr. Michael siastic supporter of what he calls “gizmotronics,” “Charles has had an exceptionally interesting Yaszemski, Dr. Judith James, Rosemary the development of new instruments, methods and life, full of adventure and challenge,” said Dr. Markoff and Dr. Michael Econs. technologies to solve biological problems. Peter Preusch, acting director of the Edmonds grew up in the Midwest and received his and Biophysics Division, NIGMS. “He has been a B.S. from the University of Missouri. Military service terrific colleague and friend who will be difficult to Four Named to NIAMS as a medical laboratory specialist interrupted replace.” Advisory Council his graduate studies, but following his service, Edmonds is known for a wry wit that reflects his Edmonds resumed graduate work in Glasgow, time in the U.K. and his classical education. His Four new members recently joined the Scotland. There, he developed study methods for colleagues at NIGMS and throughout NIH will National Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and human steroids and sterol natural products; met his miss him. In recent years, he has taken up sailing. Skin Diseases Advisory Council. wife, Valerie; and took up the sport of climbing. Colleagues wish him well as he and Valerie sail off Dr. Michael J. Econs is the Glenn W. Irwin, Jr. He returned to the U.S. to postdoctoral work into retirement together. professor of endocrinology and metabolism in geochemistry and renewable energy at UC and chief of the division of endocrinology Berkeley. He then studied natural products from NCI’s Srivastava Wins and metabolism at Indiana University School Amazonian plants and animals as an employee Proteomics Award of Medicine. His primary area of research of the National Research Council of Brazil. Later, is in the genetic aspects of metabolic bone during a second postdoc at the University of Utah, Dr. Sudhir Srivastava, chief of the cancer bio- diseases. markers research group, NCI Division of Cancer he contributed to the discovery of novel modified Dr. Judith A. James is vice president of nucleotides in transfer RNAs and the development Prevention, was honored by the Human Proteome Organization (HUPO) with the 2017 Clinical clinical affairs and chair of the arthritis and of new methods of mass spectrometry analysis, clinical immunology research program at the while pursuing skiing and mountaineering. and Translational Proteomics Award Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation. Her Before joining NIH in 1997, Edmonds was a program Sept. 20 at the research aims to understand the etiology director with the office of biological and medical group’s annual World and pathogenic mechanisms of systemic research at the Department of Energy and, prior Congress in Dublin, autoimmune, rheumatic diseases, with a to that, a senior staff scientist at Battelle Pacific Ireland. special interest in minority groups. Northwest National Laboratory, where he studied The group named Dr. Michael J. Yaszemski is professor of how radiation and chemical damage can modify orthopaedics and bioengineering and nucleic acids and proteins in cells. Srivastava “a visionary and proactive leader director of the tissue engineering and Edmonds played a significant role in the NIGMS who has worked biomaterials laboratory at the Mayo Clinic. program of structural genomics and other trans- with HUPO since its His research focuses on the development of NIH initiatives. He was responsible for overseeing inception.” They cited biodegradable scaffold polymers to support the NIGMS (joint with NCI) investment in the GM/ his “tremendous Dr. Sudhir Srivastava bone and spinal cord regeneration using CA synchrotron beamline for structural biology at commitment and tissue engineering strategies. Argonne National Laboratory, which has become leadership” to the NCI Rosemary J. Markoff began her career in one of the most valuable resources for X-ray Early Detection Research Network, which he has accounting until a diagnosis of scleroderma diffraction studies of molecular structure. headed from its start in 2000, and which focuses led her down a path toward patient advocacy on the discovery and validation of proteomics, Edmonds frequently organized workshops to share and disease awareness. She became actively genomic, metabolomics, epigenomic and other involved in the Scleroderma Foundation and knowledge of the enabling technologies for protein “omic” markers of cancer detection and prognosis. production, crystallization and structure determi- has served in numerous leadership roles over nation. He handled a large portfolio of research In the field of proteomic biomarkers, translational the last 15 years. grants and showed exceptional initiative in utilizing research bridges the gap between basic research the SBIR/STTR grant mechanisms to promote discoveries that identify biomolecules involved in innovative science. or are the result of carcinogenesis and the clinical application of these discoveries. Among the many things Edmonds said he will

NIH RECORD • NOVEMBER 17, 2017 • 11 SEEN

Fierce competition. NICHD director Dr. Diana Bianchi (l) defends against Joyce Backus of NLM. At center, enforcing “Brooklyn rules,” NIH principal deputy director Dr. Lawrence Tabak serves as referee before an enthusiastic crowd. At right, former NBA star Walt Williams (second from l) and NINDS director Dr. Walter Koroshetz (kneeling) congratulate the victorious Code Red team that included (from l) NIAID director Dr. Anthony Fauci, NEI’s Dustin Hays and Backus.

PHOTOS: MARLEEN VAN DEN NESTE

CFC SLAM DUNK a few rules on possession, passing and fouling, including “no blood, no foul.” IC Directors Play Hoops for a “After a score, the other team gets the ball,” Cause explained Koroshetz, who along with Tabak and Eight teams that included NIH institute directors NIAID director Dr. Anthony Fauci, hails from vied for the gold at the CFC Directors’ Basketball Brooklyn. “The original notes for the CFC had the Challenge Oct. 26 on the Clinical Center’s outdoor ball going to the team that scored [also known court. The event helped launch the Combined as “make it, take it” or “winners”] but Dr. Fauci Federal Campaign fund-raising drive. noticed this was incorrect and we changed it.” “I’ve seen these guys warm up and you’re gonna Team Code Red had a slight advantage thanks to get a real treat today,” said University of Maryland 6’8” teammate Dustin Hays, NEI’s chief of science basketball legend and former NBA pro Walt communications. Fauci and Joyce Backus, NLM Williams, who served as coach and co-emcee. associate director for library operations, had many NIMHD director Dr. Eliseo Pérez-Stable (l) Every shot earned a point. The first 3-person finds a way around the defense of Hays. assists but they left most of the scoring to Hays. In team to reach 7 points, or whoever led when the the end, Code Red won the gold. 4-minute clock ran out, would win the game. “I and attempted layups. Then, NINDS director and “This is how the directors demonstrate their anticipate us going to 4 minutes every time,” CFC co-chair Dr. Walter Koroshetz scored the first support for the CFC in a fun way,” said OD’s quipped Williams. The tourney then got under way basket of the day and made his free throw to break Christine Brake, a member of the CFC steering amid much cheering and laughter from a crowd the tie when the clock ran out. committee. “This event takes them out of their that had assembled not only courtside but also normal business day to do something personal and along a rampart overlooking the court. In every round, referee Dr. Lawrence Tabak, NIH highlight the campaign.” principal deputy director, didn’t miss a travel call, Although the hoop was set at 8 instead of 10 feet, blocking violation or foul. Not shy with his whistle, For more information about donating to the CFC, the first round began with quite a few air balls Tabak enforced “Brooklyn rules” for 3-on-3 games, visit https://cfc.nih.gov/donate.html.—Dana Talesnik CFC Halloween Sights & Frights NIH’ers leaped into the Halloween spirit on Oct. 31, as the CFC held its annual costume party on the Bldg. 31 patio. Getups ranged from clever to comedic, menacing to mystifying. Below, we recognized Three Little Pigs (l) and a social (media) butterfly (r). To see more images, visit https://cfc.nih.gov/index.html.

12 • NIH RECORD • NOVEMBER 17, 2017