Unexpected Molecular Structure of a Putative Rhenium‐Dioxo
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View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by eScholarship - University of California Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Recent Work Title Unexpected Molecular Structure of a Putative Rhenium-Dioxo-Benzocarbaporphyrin Complex. Implications for the Highest Transition Metal Valence in a Porphyrin-Type Ligand Environment. Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0jb3573k Journal ChemistryOpen, 8(10) ISSN 2191-1363 Authors Alemayehu, Abraham B Vazquez-Lima, Hugo Teat, Simon J et al. Publication Date 2019-10-18 DOI 10.1002/open.201900271 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California DOI: 10.1002/open.201900271 Communications 1 2 3 Unexpected Molecular Structure of a Putative Rhenium- 4 5 Dioxo-Benzocarbaporphyrin Complex. Implications for the 6 Highest Transition Metal Valence in a Porphyrin-Type 7 8 Ligand Environment 9 [a] [b] [c] [a] 10 Abraham B. Alemayehu, Hugo Vazquez-Lima, Simon J. Teat, and Abhik Ghosh* 11 12 period compounds CnF [5] and RgF [6] should also be moderately 13 A combination of quantum chemical calculations and synthetic 4 7 > stable. Porphyrins have long been known to stabilize high- 14 studies was used to address the possibility of very high ( 6) valent transition metal centers such as Fe(IV),[7] Mn(V), Cr(V), Ru 15 valence states of transition metals in porphyrin-type complexes. (VI), and Os(VI).[8] More recently, we have shown that corroles[9] 16 With corrole as a supporting ligand, DFT calculations ruled out can stabilize RuVIN[10] and OsVIN[11] centers as well as Mo(VI)[12] 17 Re(VII) and Ir(VII) dioxo complexes as stable species. Attempted and W(VI),[13] the latter in the form of unique eight-coordinate 18 rhenium insertion into benzocarbaporphyrin (BCP) ligands on biscorrole complexes. Herein, we report our first results on 19 the other hand led to two products with different stoichiome- whether porphyrin-type ligands can stabilize a valence higher 20 tries – Re[BCP]O and Re[BCP]O2. To our surprise, single-crystal than six, focusing on rhenium. Rhenium is particularly promis- 21 structure determination of one of the complexes of the latter V ing because its heptavalent state is not only stable with oxide 22 type indicated an Re O center with a second oxygen bridging À (especially in the form of perrhenate, ReO À ), but also with a 23 the Re C bond. In other words, although the monooxo 4 variety of carbon ligands and even with hydride, the latter in 24 complexes Re[BCP]O are oxophilic, the BCP ligand cannot VII the form of the unique homoleptic ReH 2À anion.[14] 25 sustain a trans-Re (O)2 center. The search for metal valence 9 > We began our investigation by undertaking a ZORA scalar- 26 states 6 in porphyrin-type ligand environments must there- relativistic density functional theoretical (DFT) study (B3LYP-D3/ 27 fore continue. ZORA-STO-TZ2P; ADF)[23,24] of as yet experimentally unknown 28 ReVIIO and IrVIIO2 corrole derivatives (Scheme 1). In the Re 29 2 30 Chemists are perennially interested in exploring the limits of 31 chemical structure and bonding. In recent years, many 32 inorganic chemists, for example, have concerned themselves 33 with determining the highest possible valence or oxidation 34 states for different transition metals. Some notable experimen- 35 tally established examples of unusually high oxidation states 36 include Au(V), Hg(IV), and Ir(IX) in the form of AuF À ,[1] HgF ,[2] 37 6 4 and the IrO + cation,[3] respectively.[4] In our own laboratory, 38 4 Scheme 1. Molecular structures of putative Re(VII)- and Ir(VII)-dioxo com- quantum chemical studies have suggested that the seventh- 39 plexes. 40 41 [a] Dr. A. B. Alemayehu, Prof. Dr. A. Ghosh 42 Department of Chemistry case,[15] the lowest energy structures turned out to be (in order 43 UiT – The Arctic University of Norway 9037 Tromsø, Norway of increasing relative energy) an S=1 trans-ReVI(Cor*2À )(O) 44 2 E-mail: [email protected] species, an S=0 ReV(η2À O ) peroxo just 0.12 eV higher in 45 [b] Dr. H. Vazquez-Lima 2 energy, and finally the S=0 trans ReVII-dioxo complex 0.39 eV 46 Centro de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Universidad Autónoma de Puebla above the ground state. Experimentally as well, attempts to 47 Edif. IC9, CU, San Manuel oxygenate ReVO corroles did not yield any indication of an 48 72570 Puebla, Puebla, Mexico ReVIIO product. In the Ir case, we found two essentially 49 [c] Dr. S. J. Teat 2 Advanced Light Source equienergetic contenders for the ground state, namely an S= 1 50 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory trans-IrVI(Cor*2À )(O) species and the S=0 trans-IrVII(Cor3À )(O)2 51 Berkeley, CA 94720–8229, USA 2 species. The IrV(η2À O ) peroxo complex turned out to be some 52 Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under 2 0.18 eV higher in energy than the lowest-energy Ir-dioxo 53 https://doi.org/10.1002/open.201900271 © 2019 The Authors. Published by Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. This species. Experimentally, however, the great majority of stable Ir- 54 is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attri- corroles are six-coordinate Ir(III) complexes[16] with strongly 55 bution Non-Commercial License, which permits use, distribution and re- bound axial amine or phosphine ligands and appear unsuitable 56 production in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes. as precursors to high-valent Ir-oxo species. One-electron 57 ChemistryOpen 2019, 8, 1298–1302 1298 © 2019 The Authors. Published by Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA Wiley VCH Dienstag, 22.10.2019 1910 / 149017 [S. 1298/1302] 1 Communications oxidation of these species also happens in a largely ligand- 1 centered manner, with only a small amount of Ir(IV) character in 2 the final product.[17] 3 In the wake of the unpromising exploratory DFT studies on 4 Re and Ir corroles, a significant breakthrough came from an 5 unexpected quarter. While searching for phosphorescent 5d 6 metalloporphyrinoids for use as oxygen sensors and as 7 sensitizers in photodynamic therapy,[18,19] attempted Re inser- 8 tion into two different meso-tetraarylbenzocarbaporphyrin 9 (BCP)[20,21] ligands with Re (CO) in refluxing 1,2,4-trichloroben- 10 2 10 zene led to not only Re[BCP]O but also a second product for 11 which high-resolution mass spectrometry indicated a molecular 12 formula “Re[BCP]O ” (BCP=TPBCP, TpFPBCP; Scheme 2); the 13 2 14 15 Figure 2. Comparison of the stacked 1H NMR spectra of “Re[TpFPBCP] 16 O2”(top), “Re[TPBCP]O2” (middle) and Au[TPBCP] (bottom) in CDCl3 at 298 K. 17 18 19 dioxygenated compounds relative to the monooxo complexes 20 (Figure 2). A comparison with the known, structurally charac- 21 terized, twofold-symmetric gold complex Au[TPBCP] proved 22 instructive.[20b] Although the meso-phenyl protons of the new Re 23 complexes could not be fully assigned because of mutual 24 Scheme 2. Meso-tetra(p-X-phenyl)-substituted benzocarbaporphyrin ligands used in this study. overlap, it was clear that they led to more numerous signals 25 relative to the Au complex. That is expected for the Re[BCP]O 26 complexes, because of the nonequivalence of the two macro- 27 cycle faces, but not for trans-Re[BCP]O , whose macrocycle faces 28 2 quotation marks indicate that the formula refers only to should be equivalent by symmetry. The 1H NMR data thus 29 stoichiometry but not to connectivity. The key question appeared to argue against a trans-Re-dioxo formulation. 30 accordingly was whether the latter contains an ReVII-dioxo Fortunately, single-crystal X-ray structures could be ob- 31 center. Both optical and 1H NMR spectra afforded intriguing tained for a pair of mono- and dioxygenated complexes, namely 32 clues as to the nature of these two complexes. Re[TpFPBCP]O and “Re[TpFPBCP]O ” (Table 1). The former 33 2 All four new Re-benzocarbaporphyrin complexes Re[BCP]O proved much as expected, with equatorial ReÀ C/N distances of 34 n (n=1, 2) were found to exhibit redshifted Soret-like features at 2.05–2.09 Å and an axial ReÀ O distance of 1.664(3) Å (Figure 3). 35 just under 500 nm. Interestingly, for both dioxygenated prod- 36 ucts, the intensity of this feature was found to be only about 37 half that of the monooxo complexes (Figure 1). 1H NMR spectra 38 also revealed a broader spread of the pyrrole β-protons for the 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 Figure 3. Thermal ellipsoid plot for Re[TpFPBCP]O with probabilities at 50%. 55 Solvent molecules have been omitted for clarity. Selected bond distances Figure 1. UV/Vis spectra of Re[TPBCP]O, Re[TpFPBCP]O, “Re[TPBCP]O ” and (Å): Re1-N1 2.052(3); Re1-N2 2.082(3); Re1-N3 2.058(3); Re1-C21 2.085(4); Re1- 56 2 “Re[TpFPBCP]O2” in CH2Cl2. O1 1.664(3). 57 ChemistryOpen 2019, 8, 1298–1302 www.chemistryopen.org 1299 © 2019 The Authors. Published by Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA Wiley VCH Dienstag, 22.10.2019 1910 / 149017 [S. 1299/1302] 1 Communications 1 Table 1. Selected crystal and refinement data. 2 Re[TpFPBCP]O “Re[TpFPBCP]O2” 3 Empirical formula C49H26F4N3ORe C50H28Cl2F4N3O2Re 4 Formula weight 934.93 1035.85 5 Temperature 100(2) K 100(2) K Wavelength 0.7288 Å 0.7288 Å 6 Crystal system Monoclinic Triclinic 7 Space group P21/c 8 Unit cell dimensions a =13.1484(9) Å α = 90° a=11.0937(4) Å α=87.5400(10)° b=12.8968(8) Å β = 102.763(3)° b=13.7012(5) Å β=68.1790(10)° 9 c=22.2407(15) Å γ = 90°.