Paweł Jaworski, Marzyciele I Oportuniści

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Paweł Jaworski, Marzyciele I Oportuniści PAWEŁ JAWORSKI MONOGRAFIE MARZYCIELE I OPORTUNIŚCI STOSUNKI POLSKO-SZWEDZKIE W LATACH 1939–1945 spistre:monografie 2009-04-26 22:36 Strona 4 redakcyjna MARZYCIELE I OPORTUNIŚCI STOSUNKI POLSKO-SZWEDZKIE W LATACH 1939–1945 TOM 48 MONOGRAFIE INSTYTUT PAMIĘCI NARODOWEJ KOMISJA ŚCIGANIA ZBRODNI PRZECIWKO NARODOWI POLSKIEMU UNIWERSYTET WROCŁAWSKI WYDZIAŁ NAUK HISTORYCZNYCH I PEDAGOGICZNYCH INSTYTUT HISTORYCZNY PAWEŁ JAWORSKI MARZYCIELE I OPORTUNIŚCI STOSUNKI POLSKO-SZWEDZKIE W LATACH 1939–1945 Współpraca wydawnicza Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego Wydziału Nauk Historycznych i Pedagogicznych – Instytut Historyczny i Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej – Komisji Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu Recenzent prof. dr hab. Wojciech Materski Projekt graficzny Krzysztof Findziński Redaktor prowadzący Dorota Mazek Redakcja Ewa Dulna-Rak Korekta Magdalena Baj Redakcja techniczna Andrzej Broniak Indeks Ewa Dulna-Rak, Magdalena Baj Skład i łamanie Jolanta Krajewska, Wojciech Czaplicki (okładka) Na okładce plakat Bertila Almqvista rozpowszechniany w Szwecji od 1941 r. Szwedzki tygrys miał mobilizować obywateli do obrony ojczyzny w razie ataku z zewnątrz. Podpis można też przetłumaczyć „Szwed milczy”, co miało zniechęcać ludność do udzielania cudzoziemcom jakichkolwiek informacji. W tle fragment plakatu Marka Żuławskiego z 1942 r. pt. „Poland: First to Fight”. © Copyright by Instytut Pamięci Narodowej Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu, 2014 Wydanie drugie poprawione Seria „Monografie”: tom 48 ISBN 978–83–7629–577–0 spistre:monografie 2009-04-26 22:36 Strona 5 SPIS TREŚCI Wstęp ..................................................................................................................................... 7 Część I. W kręgu polityki i propagandy .............................................................................. 15 1. W przededniu wojny ......................................................................................................... 17 2. Agresja Niemiec i Związku Sowieckiego na Polskę ze szwedzkiej perspektywy ......... 27 Pierwsze reakcje ................................................................................................................ 27 Relacje z frontu.................................................................................................................. 34 Obraz wojny totalnej ......................................................................................................... 40 Atak ze wschodu................................................................................................................ 43 Końcowa faza kampanii .................................................................................................... 50 Los dyplomatów szwedzkich w Warszawie ...................................................................... 57 Reprezentacja interesów Polski w Niemczech przez Szwecję .......................................... 59 3. W obliczu skutków paktu Ribbentrop–Mołotow............................................................ 73 Po klęsce Polski................................................................................................................. 73 W czasie wojny zimowej................................................................................................... 83 4. Umacnianie się hegemonii niemieckiej w Europie – polska strategia podtrzymywania stosunków i szwedzkie uniki............................................................................................. 93 Zamrożenie kontaktów po ataku Hitlera na Skandynawię ................................................ 93 Fall Barbarossa i pozorna poprawa w stosunkach polsko-szwedzkich ............................. 111 Polskie i szwedzkie koncepcje federacyjne dla powojennej Europy ................................ 128 Wyjście z marazmu w stosunkach dwustronnych po klęsce Hitlera pod Moskwą ........... 136 5. Ożywienie kontaktów dwustronnych po bitwie stalingradzkiej.................................... 147 Polskie działania dyplomatyczne w okresie niepowodzeń Wehrmachtu .......................... 147 Szwedzka opinia publiczna o sytuacji w okupowanej Polsce i stosunkach polsko-sowieckich ............................................................................................................. 152 Szwedzka dyskusja o Katyniu ........................................................................................... 167 6. Powrót Szwecji do ścisłej neutralności a normalizacja stosunków z rządem polskim .... 178 Wizyta ministra przemysłu, handlu i żeglugi Jana Kwapińskiego w Sztokholmie (25 kwietnia – 12 maja 1943 r.)......................................................................................... 178 5 spistre:monografie 2009-04-26 22:36 Strona 6 Zmiana polityki przez rząd w Sztokholmie....................................................................... 186 Szwecja wobec sprawy polskiej (styczeń–lipiec 1944 r.).................................................. 189 Szwedzkie reakcje na narodziny Polski „lubelskiej” ....................................................... 205 Działalność Związku Patriotów Polskich w Szwecji ........................................................ 207 7. Podwójna gra szwedzkiej dyplomacji (od uznania „Lublina” de facto do ustanowienia stosunków de iure)................................................................................. 219 Powstanie Warszawskie ze szwedzkiej perspektywy........................................................ 219 Walka propagandowa o uznanie polskiego prawa do suwerenności i integralności terytorialnej........................................................................................................................ 229 Dyplomatyczne szachy...................................................................................................... 239 Wokół Jałty........................................................................................................................ 246 Zerwanie stosunków dyplomatycznych Szwecji z rządem polskim na uchodźstwie .................................................................................................................. 268 Część II. Kwestie gospodarcze.............................................................................................. 273 8. Obecność Szwedów w okupowanej Polsce ...................................................................... 275 9. Plany polsko-szwedzkiej powojennej współpracy gospodarczej................................... 295 10. Misja Brynolfa Enga ....................................................................................................... 329 Część III. Misja humanitarna Szwecji................................................................................. 335 11. Los polskich uchodźców ................................................................................................. 337 12. Szwedzka pomoc humanitarna dla Polski..................................................................... 353 Działania humanitarne w latach 1939–1944 .................................................................... 353 Plany powojennej pomocy humanitarnej .......................................................................... 366 Misja Svena Hellqvista w Generalnym Gubernatorstwie (jesień 1944 r.) ....................... 371 Szwedzkie transporty humanitarne do Polski „lubelskiej” ............................................... 375 Ostatnie rokowania w kwestii przedłużenia pomocy na okres powojenny....................... 378 13. Problemy polskich żołnierzy internowanych w Szwecji .............................................. 381 Maynarze okrętów podwodnych ....................................................................................... 381 Lotnicy............................................................................................................................... 400 Żołnierze kampanii norweskiej 1940 r. ............................................................................ 405 Zakończenie............................................................................................................................ 407 Summary ............................................................................................................................... 411 Wykaz skrótów ...................................................................................................................... 417 Bibliografia............................................................................................................................. 419 Indeks osób............................................................................................................................. 434 6 00-wstep-PJ:monografie 2009-04-27 00:41 Strona 7 WSTĘP Po odzyskaniu przez Polskę niepodległości w 1918 r. Skandynawia nie była obszarem priorytetowym dla polskiej polityki zagranicznej. Szwedzi również odnosili się z nie- ufnością do nowego partnera na arenie międzynarodowej. Z obu stron brakowało moty- wacji, która skłaniałaby do bliższej współpracy politycznej lub gospodarczej. Pewne ożywienie nastąpiło w połowie lat dwudziestych, gdy na rynku szwedzkim pojawił się polski węgiel, ale dopiero minister Józef Beck podjął próbę intensyfikacji wzajemnych relacji. Ich podstawą stały się stosunki gospodarcze i współpraca w Lidze Narodów. Wspólny interes handlowy i dążenie do utrzymania pokoju w Europie były filarami dobrych kontaktów w latach trzydziestych1. W każdym razie poseł szwedzki w Warsza- wie Eric von Post, podsumowując rok
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