THE

QUARTERLY JO URNAL

OF THE

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON,

EDITED BY

THE ASSISTANT-SECRETARY OF THE GEOLOGICAL SocIETY.

VOLUME THE THIRD.

1847.

PART THE FIRST. PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

LONDON : LONGM.~N, BROWN, GREEN, AND LONGMANS. PARIS :--FRIED. KLINCKSIECK, 11 RUE DE LILLE; BAUDRY, 9 RUE DU COQ, PRES LE LOUVRE; LEIPZIG, T. O. WEIGEL. NEW YORK :mWILEY AND PUTNAM, 161 BROADWAY. SOLD ALSO AT THE APARTMENTS OF THE SOCIETY.

MDCCCXLVII. ILi t

OF THE OFFICER S

CbF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.

ELECTED FEBRUARY 1847.

Sir Henry T. De la Beche, F.R.S. & L.S. ~ict-~rt~i~tnt~. Sir P. Grey Egerton, Bart. M.P. F,R.S. Charles Lyell, jun., Esq. F.R.S. & L.S. Professor Owen, F.R.S. & L.S. Rev. Prof. S.edgwick, F.R.S. ~**rttarit,. William John Hamilton, Esq. M.P. John Carriek Moore, Esq. ;IYor,i~[Ft ~tertta~. C. J. F. Bunbury, Esq. F.L.S. ~rea,urtr. John Lewis Prevost, Esq. ©@©~©ULo J. S. Bowerbank, Esq. F.R.S. Robert Hutton, Esq. M.R.I.A. Charles Darwin, Esq. M.A.F.R.S. G.A. Mantell, LL.D.F.R.S. & L.S. Hugh Falconer, M.D.F.R.S. & L.S. Sir R. I. Murchison, G.C.St.S.F.R.S.& L.S. Prof. E. Forbes, F.R.S. & L.S. Samuel Peace Pratt, Esq. F.R.S. & L.S. G. B. Greenough, Esq. F.R.S. & L.S. D. Sharpe, Esq. F.L.S. William Hopkins, Esq. F.R.S. H.E. Strickland, Esq. M.A. Leonard Horner, Esq. F.R.S.L. & E. S.V. Wood, Esq.

James Nicol, Esq. F.R.S.E. Curator. Mr. J. De C. Sowerby, F.L.S. TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Page ANTHONY, Mr. J.G. Letter to C. Lyell, Esq., V.P.G.S., on an Impression of the Soft parts of an Orthoceras ...... 255 BABBAGE, C., Esq. Observations on the Temple of Serapis, at Pozzuoli, near Naples, with remarks on certain causes which may produce Geological Cycles of great extent ...... 186 BRODIE, Rev. P.B. Notice on the existence of Purbeck Strata with remains of Insects and other fossils at Swindon, Wilts .... 53 BROWN, :~II'. R. On the Gypsiferous Strata of Cape Dauphin in the Island of Cape Breton ...... 257 BUNBURY, C. J. F., Esq. Descriptions of Fossil Plants from the Coal-field near Richmond, Virginia ...... _o81 On Fossil Plants fi'om the Coal Formation of Cape Breton.. 423 CLARK, G. T., Esq. On the Neighbourhood of Bombay, and certain beds containing Fossil Frogs ...... 221 CLARKE, Rev. W.B. On the Geology of the Island Lafh in the Southern Pacific ...... 61 CONYBEARE, Mr. Extract fi'om his Report on the Country between the Summit of the Malsej Ghaut and the Gungathuree ...... 225 CUMM1N6, Rev. J.G. On the Geology of the Calf of Man ...... 179 EGI~RTON, Sir P. G., Bart., M.P. On the Nomenclature of the Fossil Chim~eroid Fishes ...... 350 FITTON, W. H., Esq., M.D. A Stratigraphical Account of the Section from Atherfield to Rocken End, on the South-west coast of the Isle of Wight ...... 289 GRANTHAM, R., Esq. Notice of a New Clinometer ...... 232 I:[AMILTON, W. Z., Esq., M.P., and H. E. STRICKLAND, Esq. On a Tertiary deposit near Lixouri in the Island of Cephalonia ...... 106 JAMES, Capt. On a Section exposed by the excavation at the New Steam Basin, in Portsmouth Dock-yard ...... 249 JUKES, J. B., Esq. Notes on the Palmozoic Formations of New South Wales and Van Diemen's Land ...... 241 LYELL, Charles, Esq. On the Structure and Probable Age of the Coal-field of the James River near Richmond, Virginia ...... 261 MURCHISON. Sir R.I. On the Silurian and associated Rocks in Dalecarlia, .. and on the Succession from Lower to Upper Silurian in Smoland, Oland, and Gothland, and in Scania ...... 1 • Additional Remarks on the Deposit of (Eningen in Switz- erland ...... 54 iv TABLE OF CONTENTS• Page MURCHISON, Sir R.I. On the Meaning originally attached to the term ' Cambrian System,' and on the evidences since obtained of its being geologically synonymous with the previously established term ' Lower Silurian'...... 165 • Introductory note to Capt. Vicary's Memoir on the Geology of Sinde ...... 331 NASMYTH, James, Esq. On the Slow Transmission of tieat through loosely coherent Clay and Sand ...... 232 OWEN, Professor. On the extinct Fossil Viverrine Fox of (Eningen, showing its specific characters aml affinities to the Family of Vi- verridm ...... 55 ----. On the Batracholites, imlicative of a small species of Frog (Rana pusilla, Ow.). Addendum to the paper of G.T. Clark, Esq., on the Neighhourhood of Bombay ...... 224 PRESTWlCH, Joseph, jun., Esq. On the probable A~e of the London Clay, and its relations to the Hampshire and Paris ~ ertiary Systems 354 . On the main points of Structure and the probable Age of the Bagshot Sands, and on their presumed equivalents in Hampshire and France ...... 378 ROBERTSON, Alexander, Esq. On the Wealden Beds of Brora, Sutherlandshire, with Remarks on the Relations of the Wealden Strata and Stonesfieh| Slate to the rest of the Jurassic System, and on the marine contemporary of the Wealden Series above the Portland Stone ...... 113 SALTER, J. W., Esq. Description of a Fossil Chiton from the Si- lurian Rocks, with remarks on the fossil species of the genus .... 48 --. On the Structure of Trinueleus, with remarks on the species. 251 SEDfiWICK, Professor. On the Classification of the Fossiliferous Slates of North Wales, Cumberland, Westmoreland, and Lanca- shire (being a Supplement to a paper read to the Society, March 12, 1845) ...... 133 SHARPE, Daniel, Esq. On Slaty Cleavage ...... 74 SMITH, James, Esq. (of Jordan-hill). Notice of tlle occurrence of the Elephas primigenius at Gozo, near Malta ...... 52 On recent Depressions in the Land ...... 234 ~. On the Age of the Tertiary beds of the Tagus, with a Catalogue of the Fossils ...... 410 SPRATT, Lieut. Remarks on the Geology of the Island of Samos.. 65 On the Geology of a part of Euboea and Boeotia ...... 67 STRICKLAND, H. E., Esq., and W. J. HAMILTON, Esq., M.P. On a Tertiary deposit near Lixouri, in the Island of Cephalonia .... 106 VICARY, Capt. N. Notes on the Geological Structure of parts of Sinde ...... 334 WALTON, John, Esq. On the Laws of Development of Existing Vegetation, and the application of these Laws to certain Geological Problems ...... 64 WHEVCELL, The Rev. I)r. On the Wave of Translation in connexion with the Northern Drift ...... 2°-7 LIST OF THE FOSSILS FIGURED AN]) DESCRIBED IN THIS VOLUME.

[In this list those fossils, the names of which are printed in Roman type, have been previously described.]

Name of Species. I Formation. I Locality. I Page.

PLANTS. (13.)

Charcoal, mineral, its structure ...... Oolite ...... Virginia ...... 1 268 Dictyopteris obliqua. P1. xxi. f. 2... Coal formation... Cape Breton ...... I 427 Filicitesfimbriatus. P1. xi. f. 2 ...... Oolite ...... Virginia ...... 1 283 Lepidodendron hinerve. P1. xxiv. f. 2. Coal formation... Cape Breton ...... 431 ? tumidum. P1. xxiv. f. 1 ...... Coal formation... Cape Breton ...... 432 Neuropteris linn~e~efolia. P1. x ...... Oolite ...... Virginia ...... 281 cordata. Pl. xxi. L 1 k & 1 C.. Coal formation... Cape Breton ...... 423 -- (var. angustifolia) PI. xxi. f. 1 B Coal formation... Cape Breton ...... 426 ---- rarinervis. P1. xxii. f. 1 ...... Coal formation... Cape Breton ...... 425 Odontopteris subcuneata. P1. xxiii, f. 1. Coal formation... Cape Breton ...... 427 Pecopteris (dspidites) buUata. P1. xi. Oolite ...... Virginia ...... 283 f. 1. tveniopteroides. P1. xxiii, f. Coal formation... Cape Breton ...... 428 Sphenophyllum erosum. P1. xxiii.~'31 Coal formation... Cape Breton. 430

MOLLUSCA. (38.) ~lrca subrostrata. P1. xv. f. 8, 9 ...... Tertiary ...... Lisbon ...... I 418 Artemis elliptica. P1. xv. f. 2, 3 ...... Tertiary ...... Lisbon ...... ] 417 Cancellaria decussata. Pl. xx. f. 27... Tertiary ...... Lisbon ...... ] 421 Cardium pholadiforme. P1. xv. f. 6, 7. Tertiary Lisbon ...... I 417 -- latisulcatum. P1. xv. f. 4, 5 ...... Tertiary ...... Lisbon ...... 417 Crioceratites Bowerbankii. Woodcut. L. Greensand .... Atherfield ...... 303 Fususfilamentosus. Woodcut ...... Pliocene ...... Cephalonia ..... 112 Helminthochiton priscus. Woodcut, f.2 Devonian ...... 49 ---- eburonicus. Woodcut, f. 3 ...... Devonian ...... Tournay and Visd 49 -. - Griffithii. Woodcut, f. 6 ...... Silurian ...... Ireland ...... 49 Lucina ? Hisingeri. Woodcut ...... U. Silurian ...... Gothland ...... 24 Mitra juniperus. Woodcut .... Pliocene ...... Cephalonia ...... 113 Na.~sapusio. P1. xx. f. 30 ...... Tertiary ...... Lisbon ...... 421 --proxirna. Pl. xx. f. 31 ...... i Tertiary ...... Lisbon ...... 422 --parvula. P1. xxx. f. 34 a, nat. Tertiary ...... Lisbon ...... 422 size ; 5, c. magn. inconspicua ...... Tert'ary ...... Lisbon ...... 422 Natica perpusilla. P1. xx. f. 3I a, nat. Tertiary ...... Lisbon ...... 420 5, e. auctm. Orthoceras, soft parts of. Woodcut.. Hudson-riv.grou I Cincinnati , ...... 255 Ostrea crassicostata. P1. xix. f. 23 .... Tertiary ...... Lisbon ...... 420 Pecten Pandorm. P1. xiv. f. 22 ...... Tertiary ...... Lisbon ...... 418 --~ tenuisulcatus. P1. xviii, f. 19, Tertiary ...... Lisbon ...... 418 20, 20 a. conjux. P1. xvii. f. 17 ...... Tertiary ...... Lisbon ...... 418 Josslingii. P1. xvi. f. 10, 11, 12.. Tertiary ...... Lisbon ...... 419 ~fraterculus. P1. xvi. f. 13,14 .... Tertiary ...... Lisbon ...... 419 ---- expansus. Pl. xviii, f. 21 ..... Tertiary ...... Lisbon ...... 419 acuticostatus. P1. xvii. f. 18... I Tertiary ...... Lisbon ...... 419 maerotis. PI. xvii. f. 15 ...... I Tertiary Lisbon...... 420 ~-- giganteus. Pl. xvii. f. 16. Tertiary Lisbon ...... 420 vi

Name of Species. Formation. Locality. Page.

Pholas altior. P1. xv. f. 1 ...... , ..... Tertiary ...... • Lisbon ...... 417 Pleurotoma l~evigata. P1. xx. f. 28... Tertiary ...... Lisbon 421 ------denudata. PI. xx. f. 29 ...... Tertiary Lisbon 421 Sealaria tenera. PI. xx. f. 24 ...... Tertiary Lisbon 420 Scaphites Hillsii. Woodcut ...... L. Greensand .. Atherfield ...... 303 = Gigas. Woodcut ...... L. Greensa~ld .. Atherfield ...... 303 Spirifer, distortions in, from slaty clea- ...... , .... 78 vage. Woodcut ----- Keilhavii. Woodcut, Part II. Carboniferous ... Bear Island. p. 55. TurriteUa biearinata. P1. xx. f. 25 .... Tertiary ...... |,isl)on ...... 421 -- (Proto, Def.) mutabilis. P1. xx. Tertiary ...... Lisbon ...... 421 f. 26. Valuta savoliata. P1. xx. f. 32 ...... Tertiary ...... Lisbon ...... 422

CRUSTACEA. (2.) Trinucleusornatus. Woodcut, f. 1 2. I L. Silurian. I England ...... 1252 ------fimbriatus. Woodcut, f. 3 .... '.. L. Silurian ~i~ England 252

FISHES. (5.) Dietyopygemaerura. Pl.viii., Pl.ix. f. 1. I Oolite ...... Virginia ...... I 275 Edaphodon. P1. xiii. 5 2, 3 ; woodcut,I Cretaceous; Ter- England ; Switz- i 351 p. 353. t tiary, erland. ! Ischyodus. P1. xiii. f. 1, 4 ...... [ Lias to Chalk- England; France] 351 I marl. / Passalodon, a portion of Edaphodon. I ...... 353 Woodcut. I Tetragonolepis. Pl. ix. f. 2 ...... t Oolite ...... Virginia ...... "l 277

REPTII.IA. Ranapusilla. Woodcuts ...... l ...... Bombay ...... 1224

MAMMALIA. Galecynus ceningensis, jaws and teeth,, Tertiary ...... l (Euingen ...... 55 f. l, 2. p. 55. Bones of foot, f. 3.~ ! p. 57. Caudal vertebrm, f. 5. p. 58.1 t EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

PLATE 1.--Sections in the Silurian Rocks of Sweden, to illustrate a memoir by Sir R. I. Murchison ...... to face p. 47 2, 3, 4.--Geographical and geological maps of Samos and Euboea, to illustrate a memoir by Lieut. Spratt ...... 74 5, 6*.--View and section of the Temple of Jupiter Serapis, to illus- trate a memoir by Mr. Babbage ...... 216 7.---Sections in Australia, to illustrate a memoir by Mr. J. B. Jukes 241 8, 9.--Fossil fish from the Oolite of Virginia, to illustrate a memoir by Mr. Lyell ...... 280 10, l l.--Fossil plants from the oolitic coal-field of Eastern Virginia, to illustrate a memoir by Mr. Bunbury ...... 288 12.--Comparative sections of the Lower Greensand in England and France, to illustrate Dr. Fitton's memoir on the coast at Ather- field ...... 328 Table of the distribution of fossils in lower greensaad at Ather- field, to illustrate a memoir by Dr. Fitt0n ...... 328 13.--Jaws and teeth of fossil Chim~eroid fishes, to illustrate a memoir by Sir P. G. Egerton, Bart ...... 351 14.--Sections and outline map of the London and Hampshire Tertiary districts, to illustrate a memoir by Mr. Prestwich ...... 408 15-20.mFossil shells from the Tertiary beds of the Tagus, to illus- trate a memoir by Mr. Smith ...... 422 21-24.mFossil plants from the Coal formation of Cape Breton, to illustrate a memoir by Mr. Bunbury ...... 438

* The number of these two plates has been omitted by inadvertence. Notice to the Binder'. Insert pp. 46a, 46b in No. 10, after p. 46 in No. 9. Insert Table of Fossils to Dr. Fitton's Section at Atheriield, and pp. 325*--328* in No. 12, after p. 328 in No. 11. Cancel Plates x. and xi. in No. 11, and insert in their place Plates x. and xi. given with this No. ; also, insert Plate xx. after Plate xix in No. 12.