Alberta Provincial Electoral Divisions Spruce Grove-St. Albert Compiled from the 2011 Census of and National Household Survey Introduction This report presents the statistical profile for the Provincial Electoral Division (PED) of Spruce Grove-St. Albert. This profile is based on the electoral boundaries as defined by the Electoral Divisions Act, Chapter E-4.2, 2010. A PED is a territorial unit represented by an elected Member to serve in the Alberta Provincial Legislative Assembly.

Data in this report have been specially tabulated from ’s 2011 Census of Canada and the 2011 National Household Survey, by allocation of Statistics Canada block face reference points to PEDs. These data include the following characteristics: age, sex, marital status, household types, language, Aboriginal identity, ethnic origin, place of birth, mobility, dwelling characteristics, education, labour force activity and income.

The global non-response rate (GNR) for the PED of Spruce Grove-St. Albert is 25.0%. The GNR combines both complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The GNR is an indicator of data quality, where a smaller GNR suggests more accuracy. When the GNR is 50% or above, the data are suppressed. The GNR is identified for each region. A higher GNR indicates the need for user caution.

Users are advised to refer to the endnotes of this PED profile for further information regarding data quality and definitions. A map for this PED can be found at the end of the document.

Should you have any questions or require additional information, please contact:

Jennifer Hansen Manager, Demography Economics, Demography and Public Finance (EDP) Alberta Treasury Board and Finance Tel.: 780-427-8811 Fax: 780-426-3951 [email protected]

November 1, 2014 TreaTreasurysury B oBardoard andand F iFniancenance Economics, Demography and Public Finance Provincial Electoral Divisions - Spruce Grove-St. Albert Page 3/15

Spruce Grove-St. Albert (1) * Provincial Electoral Divisions Profiles Compiled from the 2011 Census of Canada and National Household Survey

Population* Total population (100% data) 51,800 Sex and Age Groups Population % of Population Male 25,970 50.1 Female 25,825 49.9 0-4 3,790 7.3 5-17 9,575 18.5 18-24 5,045 9.7 25-44 14,955 28.9 45-64 14,190 27.4 65+ 4,240 8.2 Legal Marital Status % of Population 15 years and over Total population 15 years and over by legal marital status 40,695 Single (never legally married) 9,740 23.9 Legally Married (and not separated) 23,130 56.8 Separated (but not divorced) 915 2.2 Divorced 2,080 5.1 Widowed 1,150 2.8 Common-law(2) 3,675 9.0 Family Structure Households % of Households Total numbers of census families in private households (3) 15,265 Total couple families by family structure 13,295 87.1 Married couples 11,460 75.1 Without children at home 4,675 30.6 With children at home 6,785 44.4 1 child 2,260 14.8 2 children 3,175 20.8 3 or more children 1,345 8.8 Common-law couples(2) 1,835 12.0 Without children at home 965 6.3 With children at home 875 5.7 1 child 435 2.8 2 children 300 2.0 3 or more children 140 0.9 Lone parent-Female 1,485 9.7 1 child 820 5.4 2 children 490 3.2 3 or more children 180 1.2 Lone parent-Male 490 3.2 1 child 305 2.0 2 children 135 0.9 3 or more children 45 0.3

Treasury Board November 1, 2014 and Finance Economics, Demography and Public Finance Provincial Electoral Divisions - Spruce Grove-St. Albert Page 4/15

Population % of Population Total number of non-family persons 5,280 Living with relatives 875 16.6 Living with non-relatives only 1,695 32.1 Living alone 2,710 51.3 65 years and over in private households 920 Living with relatives 165 17.9 Living with non-relatives only 55 6.0 Living alone 705 76.6 Home Language (4) Single responses 51,280 99.0 English 50,080 96.7 French 315 0.6 Non-official languages 885 1.7 Chinese (incl. Cantonese, Mandarin, Chinese n.o.s., Shanghaineses) 70 0.1 German 50 0.1 Panjabi (Punjabi) 50 0.1 Vietnamese 5 0.0 Spanish 75 0.1 Tagalog (Philipino, Filipino) 15 0.0 Multiple responses 460 0.9 Knowledge of Official Languages(4) English only 47,910 92.5 French only 30 0.1 Both English and French 3,735 7.2 Neither English nor French 65 0.1 Aboriginal Identity Population (5) Total Aboriginal population 3,770 Single Aboriginal response (6) 3,610 95.8 North American Indian 1,975 52.4 Métis single response 1,590 42.2 Inuit single response 45 1.2 Multiple Aboriginal responses 135 3.6 Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere (7) 25 0.7 Non-Aboriginal population 47,690 Citizenship Total population in private households by citizenship 51,460 citizens (8) 50,135 97.4 Not Canadian citizens 1,330 2.6

Treasury Board November 1, 2014 and Finance Economics, Demography and Public Finance Provincial Electoral Divisions - Spruce Grove-St. Albert Page 5/15

Place of Birth Total population in private households by immigrant status 51,465 and selected places of birth Non-immigrant population (9) 47,395 92.1 Born in Alberta 32,655 63.5 Immigrant population (10) 3,625 7.0 America 750 1.5 Europe 1,895 3.7 Africa 150 0.3 Asia and the Middle East 765 1.5 Oceania and Other (11) 80 0.2 Non-permanent residents (12) 440 0.9 Immigrant Population by Period of Immigration % of Immigrant Total immigrant population 3,625 Population By period of immigration: Before 1971 995 27.4 1971 to 1980 710 19.6 1981 to 1990 485 13.4 1991 to 2000 500 13.8 2001 to 2011 (13) 935 25.8 2001 to 2005 355 9.8 2006 to 2011 (13) 575 15.9 Mobility Status % of Population By mobility status 1 year ago: Population Aged 1 Year & Over Total population, Mobility status 1 year ago (14) 50,705 Non-movers 43,915 86.6 Movers 6,790 13.4 Non-migrants 2,950 5.8 Migrants 3,845 7.6 Internal migrants 3,645 7.2 Intraprovincial migrants 2,930 5.8 Interprovincial migrants 710 1.4 External migrants 200 0.4 % of Population By mobility status 5 years ago: Aged 5 Years & Over Total population, Mobility status 5 years ago (15) 47,640 Non-movers 25,850 54.3 Movers 21,795 45.7 Non-migrants 8,470 17.8 Migrants 13,320 28.0 Internal migrants 12,420 26.1 Intraprovincial migrants 9,595 20.1 Interprovincial migrants 2,830 5.9 External migrants 905 1.9

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Dwelling Type % of Occupied By structural type of dwelling: Dwellings Private Dwellings Total occupied private dwellings 18,275 Single-detached house 13,980 76.5 Semi-detached house 1,115 6.1 Row house 585 3.2 Apartment or flat in a duplex 50 0.3 Apartment, building that has five or more storeys 90 0.5 Apartment, building that has fewer than five storeys 1,170 6.4 Other single-attached house 5 0.0 Movable dwelling 1,275 7.0 Dwelling Tenure & Characteristics Tenure: Owned 15,680 86.0 Rented 2,330 12.8 Band Housing 215 1.2 Average number of rooms per dwelling 7.3 Average value of dwelling ($) $405,519 Dwellings by Need of Repair Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed 17,305 95.0 Major repairs needed 920 5.0 Dwellings by Period of Construction Total number of occupied private dwellings by period of 18,225 construction 1960 or before 195 1.1 1961 to 1980 5,015 27.5 1981 to 1990 2,855 15.7 1991 to 2000 3,350 18.4 2001 to 2005 3,050 16.7 2006 to 2011 3,755 20.6 Dwelling Costs by Tenure Dwellings (unless otherwise noted) Total non-farm, non-reserve occupied private dwellings 17,870 Number of tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private 2,320 dwellings Average monthly rent ($) (16) $1,242 % of tenant households spending 30% + of household total income on 43 shelter costs Number of owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private 15,550 dwellings Average monthly costs ($) (17) $1,435 % of owner households spending 30% + of household total income on 16 shelter costs

Treasury Board November 1, 2014 and Finance Economics, Demography and Public Finance Provincial Electoral Divisions - Spruce Grove-St. Albert Page 7/15

Ethnic Origin Population(18) % of Population Total population in private households by ethnic origins 51,460 North American Aboriginal origins 4,775 9.3 Other North American origins 14,740 28.6 (e.g., Canadian, American, Acadian) European origins 42,010 81.6 British Isles origins 26,335 51.2 French origins 8,865 17.2 Western European origins (except French origins) 16,355 31.8 German 12,810 24.9 Northern European origins (except British Isles origins) 5,155 10.0 Eastern European origins 12,170 23.6 Ukrainian 7,785 15.1 Southern European origins 2,340 4.5 Other European origins 260 0.5 Caribbean origins 270 0.5 Latin, Central and South American origins 375 0.7 African origins 365 0.7 Central and West African origins 70 0.1 North African origins 40 0.1 Southern and East African origins 85 0.2 Other African origins 165 0.3 Asian origins 2,060 4.0 West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins 200 0.4 Lebanese 50 0.1 South Asian origins 610 1.2 East Indian 480 0.9 Pakistani 70 0.1 East and Southeast Asian origins 1,300 2.5 Chinese 535 1.0 Filipino 510 1.0 Vietnamese 15 0.0 Other Asian origins 0 0.0 Oceania origins 190 0.4 Highest Level of Schooling % of Population By highest level of schooling (19) 15 years and over Total population 15 years and over 40,345 No certificate, diploma or degree 7,045 17.5 High school diploma or equivalent 11,000 27.3 Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 22,305 55.3 Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 5,425 13.4 College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma 8,750 21.7 University certificate, diploma or degree 8,135 20.2 University certificate or diploma below bachelor level (20) 1,570 3.9 University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above 6,565 16.3 Bachelor's degree 5,040 12.5 University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 1,525 3.8

Treasury Board November 1, 2014 and Finance Economics, Demography and Public Finance Provincial Electoral Divisions - Spruce Grove-St. Albert Page 8/15

Postsecondary Qualifications, Field of Study(21) % of Population 15 years and over Total population 15 years and over 40,345 Education 2,185 5.4 Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 420 1.0 Humanities 655 1.6 Social and behavioural sciences and law 1,545 3.8 Business, management and public administration 4,240 10.5 Physical and life sciences and technologies 610 1.5 Mathematics, computer and information sciences 550 1.4 Architecture, engineering, and related technologies 6,675 16.5 Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 420 1.0 Health, parks, recreation and fitness 3,665 9.1 Personal, protective and transportation services 1,335 3.3 Other fields of study 0 0.0 No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 18,040 44.7 Labour Force Activity (22) Total Population - 15 years and over 40,345 Participating in labour force 30,830 Participation Rate 76.4% Employed 29,415 Employment Rate 72.9% Unemployed 1,410 Unemployment Rate 4.6% Not in labour force 9,520 Males - 15 years and over 20,070 Participating in labour force 16,440 Participation Rate 81.9% Employed 15,670 Employment Rate 78.1% Unemployed 770 Unemployment Rate 4.7% Not in labour force 3,625 Females - 15 years and over 20,280 Participating in labour force 14,390 Participation Rate 71.0% Employed 13,750 Employment Rate 67.8% Unemployed 640 Unemployment Rate 4.4% Not in labour force 5,895 Labour Force by Sex and Place of Work % of Employed Labour Force Total employed labour force 15 years and over 29,415 Males in employed labour force Usual place of work: 15,670 53.3 Outside home, within Canada 11,300 38.4 At home 705 2.4 Outside Canada 120 0.4 No usual place of work (no fixed workplace address) 3,550 12.1 Females in employed labour force Usual place of work: 13,745 46.7 Outside home, within Canada 11,845 40.3 At home 1,010 3.4 Outside Canada 0 0.0 No usual place of work (no fixed workplace address) 875 3.0

Treasury Board November 1, 2014 and Finance Economics, Demography and Public Finance Provincial Electoral Divisions - Spruce Grove-St. Albert Page 9/15

Labour Force by Mode of Transportation % of Employed, Mode of Transportation: Travelling Labour Force Employed, travelling labour force 15 years and over (23) 27,565 Car, truck, van (as driver) 24,045 87.2 Car, truck, van (as passenger) 1,540 5.6 Public transit 795 2.9 Walked 725 2.6 Bicycle 115 0.4 Other method 345 1.3 Labour Force by Industry % of Experienced Industries: Labour Force Total experienced labour force 15 years and over (24) 30,830 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 290 0.9 Mining and oil and gas extraction 1,160 3.8 Utilities 490 1.6 Construction 3,890 12.6 Manufacturing 1,645 5.3 Wholesale trade 1,800 5.8 Retail trade 3,300 10.7 Transportation and warehousing 1,490 4.8 Information and cultural industries 360 1.2 Finance and insurance 940 3.0 Real estate and rental and leasing 610 2.0 Professional, scientific and technical services 1,805 5.9 Management of companies and enterprises 30 0.1 Administrative/support, waste management and remediation services 790 2.6 Educational services 2,155 7.0 Healthcare and social assistance 3,335 10.8 Arts, entertainment and recreation 485 1.6 Accommodation and food services 1,480 4.8 Other services (except public administration) 1,775 5.8 Public administration 2,755 8.9 Not available 240 0.8

Treasury Board November 1, 2014 and Finance Economics, Demography and Public Finance Provincial Electoral Divisions - Spruce Grove-St. Albert Page 10/15

Labour Force by Major Occupation Groups % of Experienced Population Labour Force Total experienced labour force 15 years and over 30,830 Males - All occupations 16,335 53.0 Management occupations 2,555 8.3 Business, finance and administration occupations 1,055 3.4 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations 1,565 5.1 Health occupations 240 0.8 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government 1,410 4.6 services Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 180 0.6 Sales and service occupations 2,315 7.5 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations 5,790 18.8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations 640 2.1 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities 570 1.8 Females - All occupations 14,260 46.3 Management occupations 1,305 4.2 Business, finance and administration occupations 4,285 13.9 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations 400 1.3 Health occupations 1,635 5.3 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government 2,360 7.7 services Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 345 1.1 Sales and service occupations 3,230 10.5 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations 370 1.2 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations 120 0.4 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities 215 0.7 Labour Force by Sex and Class of Worker (25) Males - All classes of workers 16,440 53.3 Employees 14,415 46.8 Self-employed 1,915 6.2 Class of worker - not applicable 105 0.3 Females - All classes of workers 14,390 46.7 Employees 13,105 42.5 Self-employed 1,150 3.7 Class of worker - not applicable 130 0.4

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Employment Income (2010) by Sex and Work Activity (26) Population (unless otherwise noted) Population aged 15 years and over who worked full year, full 17,200 time and with employment income in 2010 Average employment income in 2010 $ $71,813 Median employment income in 2010 $ $63,117 Males Employed - 15 years and over 10,375 Average employment income in 2010 $ $83,498 Median employment income in 2010 $ $75,259 Females Employed - 15 years and over 6,825 Average employment income in 2010 $ $54,050 Median employment income in 2010 $ $47,982 Total Income (2010) by Sex (27) % of Population with Income Total population 15 years and over with income 38,295 Males 15 years and over with income 19,225 50.2 Under $20,000 (28) 3,510 9.2 Under $5,000 (28) 1,315 3.4 $5,000 - $9,999 665 1.7 $10,000 - $14,999 695 1.8 $15,000 - $19,999 835 2.2 $20,000 - $39,999 2,990 7.8 $20,000 - $29,999 1,450 3.8 $30,000 - $39,999 1,540 4.0 $40,000 - $59,999 3,060 8.0 $40,000 - $49,999 1,550 4.0 $50,000 - $59,999 1,510 3.9 $60,000 and over 9,665 25.2 Average total income ($) (29) $69,652 Median total income ($) (29) $60,048 Females 15 years and over with income 19,065 49.8 Under $20,000 (28) 6,725 17.6 Under $5,000 (28) 2,015 5.3 $5,000 - $9,999 1,625 4.2 $10,000 - $14,999 1,455 3.8 $15,000 - $19,999 1,630 4.3 $20,000 - $39,999 4,860 12.7 $20,000 - $29,999 2,515 6.6 $30,000 - $39,999 2,345 6.1 $40,000 - $59,999 3,795 9.9 $40,000 - $49,999 2,315 6.0 $50,000 - $59,999 1,480 3.9 $60,000 and over 3,685 9.6 Average total income ($) (29) $37,812 Median total income ($) (29) $31,302

Treasury Board November 1, 2014 and Finance Economics, Demography and Public Finance Provincial Electoral Divisions - Spruce Grove-St. Albert Page 12/15

Household Income (2010) Households % of Private (unless otherwise noted) Households Total private households 18,225 Household Income (30) Under $20,000 1,025 5.6 Under $10,000 525 2.9 $10,000 - $19,999 500 2.7 $20,000 - $39,999 1,720 9.4 $20,000 - $29,999 595 3.3 $30,000 - $39,999 1,125 6.2 $40,000 - $59,999 1,840 10.1 $40,000 - $49,999 900 4.9 $50,000 - $59,999 940 5.2 $60,000 - $79,999 2,000 11.0 $80,000 - $99,999 2,360 12.9 $100,000 and over 9,285 50.9 Average household income ($) $113,040 Median household income ($) $101,801 Economic Family Income (2010) (31) Families/Population (unless otherwise noted) Total economic families (32) 15,110 Average family income ($) $121,673 Median family income ($) $108,826 Couple families (33) Average family income ($) $113,061 Median family income ($) $97,898 Couple-with-children economic families (34) Average family income ($) $140,133 Median family income ($) $130,106 Lone-parent economic families (35) Average family income ($) $68,478 Median family income ($) $58,755

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Incidence of Low Income (2010) Population in low income in 2010 based on 2,985 after-tax low-income measure (LIM-AT) (36) Aged less than 18 years 880 Aged less than 6 years 335 Aged 18 to 64 years 1,895 Aged 65 years and over 210 Prevalence of low income in 2010 based on after-tax low- 5.9 income measure % Aged less than 18 years % 6.8 Aged less than 6 years % 7.5 Aged 18 to 64 years % 5.7 Aged 65 years and over % 5.1 Males in low income in 2010 based on after-tax low-income 1,345 measure (LIM-AT) Prevalence of low income in 2010 based on after-tax low-income 5.3 measure % Females in low income in 2010 based on after-tax low-income 1,640 measure (LIM-AT) Prevalence of low income in 2010 based on after-tax low-income 6.5 measure %

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Endnotes The global non-response rate (GNR) for the PED of Spruce Grove-St. Albert is 25.0%. The GNR combines both complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The GNR is an indicator of data quality, where a smaller GNR suggests more accuracy. When the GNR is 50% or above, the data are suppressed. The GNR is identified for each region. A higher GNR indicates the need for user caution. * Totals may not add to 100% due to random rounding. (1) Population, sex and age groups, legal marital status, family structure, dwelling type, and home language and knowledge of official languages are from the 2011 Census, all other data are from the National Household Survey. (2) Common-law category refers to persons who live together as a couple but who are not legally married to each other. These persons can be either opposite sex or same sex. (3) A census family refers to a married couple (with or without children of either or both spouses), a couple living common-law (with or without children of either or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status (with at least one child living in the same dwelling). A couple may be of opposite or same sex. ‘Children’ in a census family include grandchildren living with their grandparent(s) but with no parents present. (4) Given the methodological changes to the language questions in 2011, caution is advised when using the data for historical comparability purposes. As the language questions were included in the mandatory portion of the census in 2011, those results are presented here. (5) ‘Aboriginal identity’ includes persons who reported being an Aboriginal person (First Nations/North American Indian, Métis or Inuk/Inuit) and/or having Registered or Treaty Indian status, and/or membership in a First Nation or Indian band. (6) As some Indian reserves or settlements were incompletely enumerated, caution is advised when using data from this section. (7) Includes persons who reported Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or membership in a First Nation or Indian band but did not report an Aboriginal identity. (8) Includes Canadian citizenship by birth and naturalization. (9) Persons who are Canadian citizens by birth. Most Canadian citizens by birth were born in Canada, but a small number were born outside Canada to Canadian parents. (10) Includes landed immigrants/permanent residents who have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently. (11) ‘Other’ includes responses not indicated elsewhere. (12) Persons from another country who, at the time of the census, held a work or study permit or who were refugee claimants, as well as family members living with them in Canada. (13) Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to Census Day, May 10, 2011. (14) Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier. (15) Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier. (16) All expenses paid by household renters: monthly rent, electricity, heat and municipal services. (17) All expenses paid by household owners: mortgage, electricity, heat, water, taxes, etc. (18) The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one ethnic origin. (19) Highest certificate, diploma or degree completed is categorized by the amount of time spent ‘in-class.’ For postsecondary, a university education is considered a higher level of schooling than a college education, which is considered to be higher than the trades. Although some trades may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training with less time spent in the classroom.

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(20) This category may be over-reported; caution is advised when interpreting these results. (21) ‘Field of study’ is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level. (22) Labour force status reported during the week of May 1-7, 2011. (23) Includes persons who were employed between May 1-7, 2011, and the unemployed who last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011. (24) Refers to the kind of work performed by persons during the week of May 1-7, 2011, according to the North American Industry Classification (NAICS) 2007. (25) Refers to whether an employed person is an employee or is self-employed. The self-employed include persons with or without a business, as well as unpaid family workers. (26) Refers to total income received by persons 15 years of age and over during calendar year 2010 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self- employment income. (27) Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources (e.g., employment income, government transfer, Old Age Security, income from investment, etc.), before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. (28) Total income, including losses. (29) Average and median total incomes of individuals are calculated for those who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). (30) Household total income is the sum of the total incomes of all members of that household, before income taxes and deductions, during the calendar year 2010. (31) Economic family total income is the sum of the total incomes of all members of that family, before income taxes and deductions, during the calendar year 2010. (32) Economic family refers to a group of two or more persons who live in the same dwelling and are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law or adoption. (33) Couple families are those in which a member of either a married or common-law couple represents the economic family. (34) Couple families with children living in the same household as the family, without a married spouse, common-law partner or one or more of their children living in the same household. (35) Lone-parent families are those in which either a male or female lone parent represents the economic family. (36) The low-income measure after tax (LIM-AT) is a fixed percentage (50%) of median adjusted after-tax income of households observed at the person level, where ‘adjusted’ indicates that a household’s needs are taken into account. Adjustment for household sizes reflects the fact that a household’s needs increase as the number of members increase, although not necessarily by the same proportion per additional member. LIM-AT is not related or comparable to the low-income cut-offs (LICO) in the 2006 Census. Direct comparisons with low-income estimates from other sources is discouraged; however, it is appropriate to compare this low-income data for the 87 PEDs presented here.

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Spruce Grove- Legend Spring k St. Albert Alberta Boundary Lakes ProvincialProvincial ElectoralElectora l DivisionDistrict 7799 ProvincialProvincial ElectoralElectoral DDivisionistrict Provincial Park BoundaryBoundary (2010)(2010) 0 1.5 3 6 !( City Kilometers Spruce Grove-St. Albert ´ !( Town Boundary (2010) Lake Coordinate System: NAD 1983 10TM AEP Forest Projection: Transverse Mercator Alberta Main Roads Summer Village Datum: North American 1983 Alberta Secondary Roads k Indian Reserve Rivers