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Vietnam Coins in the Fitzwilliam Museum， Cambridge

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Vietnam Coins in the Fitzwilliam Museum， Cambridge 下関市立大学論集 第51巻 第1・2・3合併号（2008．1） Vietnam Coins in the Fitzwilliam Museum， Cambridge Shunji Ouchi＊， Shin-ichi'Sakuraki＊ and Mark Blackburn'“ lished， such as “The Historical Cash Coins of 1． lntroduction Viet Nam” （Barker 2004）， which presents par- ticularly valuable information on Vietnamese This is the third paper in our series on the coins， and “Catalogue des monnaies viet Collection of Far-Eastern Coins in the namiennes， Supplement” （Thierry 2001）． Fitzwilliam Museum， Cambridge University． Sakuraki and Ouchi conducted a sys- The first paper （Sakuraki and Blackburn 2001） tematic screening of hoards in Hanoi in reported on Japanese Coins， the second September， 2007． This was the first archaeo- （Ouchi， Sakuraki and Blackburn 2007） dis- logical coin survey by Japanese scholars in cussed Chinese Coins and this paper will con- Vietnam， which joined research started by Dr sider the Vietnamese Coins in the Fitzwilliam Miyake Tosihiko in March， 2006 （Miyake Museum collection． 2006）． Vietnamese coins such as Thien Phuc From the 10th century in Vietnam， Tran Bao天福鎮寳（first issued in 980）and Dai under Chinese influence， round coins with Tri Thong Bao大治通寳（first issued in 1358＞ square holes were minted． lt is well known have very occasionally been found mixed up that coins were in circulation in Vietnam from with medieval coins excavated in Japan． But， the 16th to the 17th centuries， just as theY there are very few opportunities to observe were in Japan and the Korean Peninsula． The Vietnamese coins in person in Japan， which is first known official Vietnamese coinage is a disadvantage for scholars interested in con- thought to have come from the time of the ducting their own surveys in Vietnam． One Dinh Dynasty， around 970-979 AD． ln 970， way to overcome this barrier is to conduct a Dinh Bo Linh adopted the reign title of Thai detailed examination of coinage available at Binh and issued coins with the inscription museums． Through this， one can develop a dis- Thai Binh Hung Bao（太平興寳）． cerning eye for coins， and the comparatively In Japanese Numismatic society， the sound condition of coins stored in museums pioneering three-volume work by Miura further facilitates this endeavor． As such， Gosen．“Annam Sempu（安南泉譜）”（Gosen Sakuraki and Ouchi decided to take the oppor- 1966） stands out as one of the most complete tunity to personally eXamine the coin collec- and accurate works on Vietnamese coins to tion at Fitzwilliam Museum， at which we have date． Recently， research on Vietnamese coins been conducting joint research since 2001， with is being condubted throughout the world， and the intention of exploitihg this new-found 'a number of useful collections have been pub一 knowledge and experience in future field trips ＊ Professor， Shimonoseki City University ＊＊Keeper， Departエnent of Coins and Medals， Fitzwilliam Museum， Cambridge University ！15 Vietnam Coins in the Fitzwilliam Museum， Cambridge in Vietnam． other has a slightly small diameter at 21．O mm． The reverse of both have been ground． 2． Vietnam cash coins No 6． Thien Khanh Thong Bao（天慶通寳）： Ouchi and Sakuraki observed ，the Vietnam There are gas holes between the characters coin collection at Fitzwilliam Museum in July Thien［天］and：Khanh［慶］which suggest that and September of 2007， thanks to the assis- a miss run（a casting that is not completely tance of Dr Mark Blackburn． As of September filled with metal） occurred． The metal seems to 2007， the Fitzwilliam Museum holds 126 have a high copper content； Vietnamese cash coins， which are composed of 50 types of coins， as shown in Table 1． When No 7． Thieu Binh Thong Bao（紹平通寳）This cataloguing the coins we mainly referred to is a well-made coin． Barker （2004）． When specific coins were not listed in Barker （2004） we used Thierry （2001） Nos 8-9． Thai Hoa Thong Bao（大和通寳）： and Novak （1989）． There were some copies of There are two of this type of coin． No 8 is Chinese cash coins and coins issued in un- small with a diameter of 20．3mm． lt also，seems known reigns （No．100-119） in the collection． to have a high copper content． No 9． is a well- However， here we provide a description of all made coin． coins in chronological order． No 10． Dien Ninh Thong Bao（延寧通寳）and No 1． Thai Bing Hung Bao（太平興寳）：This No 11． Quang Thuan Thong Bao（光ll頂通寳）： coin is the first in the official series of the Both of these coins are well-made． Annamese dynastic coins． On the reverse above the hole is the character Dinh［丁］which Nos 12-13． Hong Duc Thong Bao（洪徳通寳）： is the name of the dynasty which lasted There are two of this type of coin． One has briefly from 968-981． lt seems to have been some green patina growth which suggests it ground in later centuries and the outer rim has a high copper content． Some parts of the edges on the reverse side are worn． On the ob- characters have been worn， and the character verse above the hole is the character Thai engravings are not as crisp as the other coin． （which appears as［大］not［太］）． The metal seems to have a high copper content． No 14． Vinh Dinh Thong Bao（永定通寳）：This coin has a small diameter at 21．7mm and is No 2。 Thien Phuc Tran Bao（天福鎮寳）：On the not thick． lt has some green patina growth reverse above the hole is the character Le which．suggests a high copper content． No 14 is ［黎］． of the same size and seems to have been made of the same material as No 3 （Can Phu Nguyen No 3． Can Phu Nguyen Ba・（乾符押下）：The di- Bao［乾符元旦］）and Nos 8-9（Thai Hoa Thong ameter is small at 21．2日目． The metal seems to Bao［大和通寳］）． have a high copper content． No 15． Canh Thong Thong Bao（景蟻通寳） Nos 4-5． Dai Dinh Thong Bao（大定通寳）： This is a well-made coin and is 1．9 mm thick． There are two coins of this type． One has a slightly large diameter at 22．4 mm and the No 16． Doan Khanh Thong Bao（端貫通寳） 116 This coin is 2．6 mm thick and well made． 1isted in Barker （2004） which have a distinctive version of the character Binh［平］inscribed on No 17． Hong Thuan Thong Bao（洪順通寳） the reverse． This is also a well-made coin． Canh Hung（景興＞coins were minted in Nos 18-21． Tuong Phu Nguyen Bao（祥符元 Vietnam in 1740-1776 and have more basic 寳）：There are four coins of this type． The variants than any other Annam royal issue， characters found on No 18 are similar to char- or indeed any official coin of one reign in East acters used in coins made during the Northern Asian history． Song Dynasty （960-1127）， and its diameter is rather small at 22．9 mm． However， it is thin Nos 42-61． Canh Hung Thong Bao（景興通寳）： and seems to be made of brass． Furthermore， There are 19 coins of the Canh Hung Thong on the left side of the reverse， the character Bao type in the collection． On the left of the re- Nguyen［元］has been inscribed at a 90 degree verse of one of them is the character Tu［四］ rotation to the left． and on the right is the character Siu［ノJ＼］． This coin is not described in Barker （2004）． ln addi- No 22． Tri Binh Thong Bao（治平通寳）：This tion． there are other coins which contain char一 ' coin has brass colorings and has a diameter of acters on the reverse． Overall， there are many 24．7 mm． coins of this type which seem to have a high copper content． No 42 has Canh Hung Thong Nos 23-24． An Phap Nguyen Bao（安法元寳）： Bao［景興山沿］engraved on both sides． This The reverse of No 26 is flat and is of a whitish coin has brass colorings and is rather thin． color． The reverse of No 27 is barely decipher- There are also five coins （Nos 51-55） which fea- able． We can identify the outer and inner rims， ture characters engraved in seal script． There however， whether it is because it is ground or is one coin which seems to have been engraved not is uncertain． but the reverse is almost flat． using regular script． ln addition， there are 4 ' Moreover， only Nguyen［兀］of An Phap coins （Nos 62-65） of the Canh Hung Cu Bao Nguyen Bao［安法元寳］is of seal script． type（打興巨寳）and 2 coins（Nos 66-67）of the Canh Hung Tuyen Bao type（応力泉市）． The No 25 Thai Binh Thanh Bao（太平聖寳）：This character Hung［興］on Nos 66 and 67 has been coin has a small diameter at 21．7 mm， and is engraved differently to the other coins of the not thick． Canh Hung type． There is one coin each of the Canh Hung Trong Bao type（景興重寳）and Nos 26-27． Vinh Tho Thong Bao（永面通寳）＝ Canh Hung Vinh Bao type（景興永寳）， Nos 68 There are two coins of this type． The charac- and 69 respectively． Moreover， there are two ters of both are not clearly defined， perhaps coins （Nos 70-71） of the Canh Hung Dai Bao due to imperfections in the mold， and the rim type（景興大江）and one（No 72）of the Canh and outer rim on the reverse are not crisp． Hung Thuan Bao type（景興li頂部）． Nos 28-41． Thai Binh Thong Bao（太平通寳）： No 73． Thien Minh Thong Bao（天明通寳）This There are 14 coins of this type． There is one or is a well-made lead coin． two stars inscribed on the reverse of several of these coins． Moreover， there are two coins not Nos 74一．75． Chieu Thong Thong Bao（血統通 117 Vietnam Coins in the Fitzwilliam Museum， Cambridge 寳）：There are two coins of this type． Both are This coin is thin and has a diameter of 22．2 brass coins． One has the character San［山］ mm， which is rather small． and the other the character Trung［中］ en- graved on the bottom of the reverse． No 116． Thanh Thai Thong Bao（成劫通寳）： This coin has a large diameter at 26．2 mm， and Nos 76-77． Thai Duc Thong Bao（泰徳通寳）： on the reverse is the character Tap Van［十 Both of these coins have been ground on the 文］． reverse． No 117． Khai Dinh Thong Bao（啓定通寳）：We Nos 78-85． Quang Trung Thong Bao（光中通 can only just confirm the outer rim and inner 寳）：There are eight coins of this type． Of these rim of this coin as it has been ground and is coins， there is one with the characters Annam flat． ［安南］engraved
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