Vietnam Review Trip Hanoi, Quang Binh, Ha Tinh 21st March – 7th April 2011 Australian Red Cross, Vietnam Red Cross & International Federation of the Red Cross Table of Contents

Acknowledgements ...... 3 Summary ...... 3 1. Background ...... 4 2. Purpose of Review ...... 4 2.1 Team composition ...... 4 3. Methodology ...... 4 4. Limitations ...... 5 5. Findings: ...... 6 5.1 Overall Situation ...... 6 5.2 Structure of the Administration...... 7 5.3 Coordination ...... 7 5.4 Findings for Objective 1: ...... 7 5.4.1 Needs Assessment/Damage Assessment...... 7 5.4.2 Selection Criteria...... 8 5.4.3 Distribution Process ...... 8 5.4.4 Water Supply ...... 11 5.4.5 NOMAD Deployment ...... 11 5.5 Findings for Objective 2 ...... 13 6. Conclusions ...... 16 7. Recommendations ...... 17 7.1 For Vietnam Red Cross Society ...... 17 7.2 For Australian Red Cross Society ...... 17 8. Annexes...... 18 Annex A: Terms of Reference for the Review ...... 19 Annex B: Working Agenda for Reflection W‟shop on Needs Assessment & M&E Training ..... 20 Annex C: List of Red Cross Participants in the Reflection Workshop on Emergency Needs Assessment and M&E, 24 March 2011, Hanoi ...... 21 Annex D: Field Trip Itinerary ...... 22 Annex E: Questionnaires used for the field trips ...... 23 Annex F: List of Key Stakeholders ...... 26 Annex G: Translation of the Government Beneficiary Criteria for the Floods in October 2010 (Ha Tinh Province) ...... 30

Australian Red Cross Vietnam Monitoring Trip, 22 March - 6 April 2011 2 Acknowledgements The review team wishes to acknowledge Vietnam Red Cross Society (VNRCS), International Federation of the Red Cross (IFRC) and Australian Red Cross staff based in Hanoi for the support provided in ensuring that the arrangements for this trip went smoothly. Further, thank you to the interpreters who accompanied us on the trip, without them we would have been completely lost.

Thank you to all the Local government members of the People‟s Committee, Fatherland Front, Provincial and branch members of the Red Cross in Quang Binh and Ha Tinh who have taken the time to meet with us and share their experiences and activities during the floods in October 2010. Finally, to the commune members who participated in sharing their stories with us.

Summary This review trip was conducted from 21st March to 7th April 2011 with the main objective to assess the timeliness, appropriateness and effectiveness of emergency relief activities funded by AusAID in responding to floods in Quang Binh and Ha Tinh provinces. In addition, the contribution of the Australian Red Cross supported Emergency Needs Assessment and Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) training programs in preparing VNRC for this emergency was also reflected on.

The review team consisted of members from Australian Red Cross, Vietnam Red Cross, and IFRC. The team worked together in the initial days planning the agenda for the reflection workshop (Objective 2) as well as preparing for the field trip review in Quang Binh and Ha Tinh provinces (Objective 1). The review trip also provided an excellent opportunity to up-skill an Australian Red Cross trainee delegate in monitoring and evaluation.

A one day reflection workshop was held in Hanoi to reflect on the training on Needs Assessment and Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) which was supported by the Australian Red Cross in 2010. The workshop was well attended and facilitated by the Vietnam Red Cross with overall good participation and input by. This training has prepared Vietnam Red Cross at the provincial level with skills to respond at times of emergency, such as the floods in October 2010. Further thought needs to be held however on how these skills can filter down to the district branches, as this level of Red Cross structure had little benefit from the training. Monitoring and evaluation practice and knowledge also remains low, so this is a further opportunity to support in the future.

A field trip to Quang Binh and Ha Tinh was conducted from 26 March to 2 April 2011, visiting four districts and 11 communes. In total over 65 people were interviewed from the Red Cross and Government agencies, and over 120 beneficiaries (both in focus group discussions and individual households). This information has guided the conclusions of this trip and feedback provided to Australian Red Cross, Vietnam Red Cross and IFRC.

In terms of the emergency response activities in Ha Tinh and Quang Binh provinces, the review team has positive conclusions about the assistance that the Vietnam Red Cross Society provided during the floods in October 2010. Overall the food and cash distribution was assessed as appropriate, effective and timely. The cash distribution process, following IFRC cash programming guidelines provides a good example for other National Societies to learn from the process, and therefore Vietnam Red Cross is encouraged to document this process and disseminate widely. The deployment of the NOMAD was well received by the communities, and the support by Vietnam Red Cross in terms of other water supply assistance was also effective and appropriate. There were no observed concerns about the selection criteria for beneficiaries, or on the distribution process.

The two objectives of the review trip have been successfully met. This review provided a valuable opportunity for partners in this response to reflect on the work undertaken in the emergency response to the floods in October 2010. Overall the review team, of Vietnam Red Cross, IFRC and Australian Red Cross found the mission worthwhile, and a good opportunity to gain lessons for future programming.

Australian Red Cross Vietnam Monitoring Trip, 22 March - 6 April 2011 3 1. Background Australian Red Cross has an ongoing partnership with VNRC, a component of which has been to support the rollout of Emergency Needs Assessment and Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) training to assist the national society meet their identified need of increasing staff capacity in these areas.

Throughout October 2010, flooding in Vietnam caused severe loss and damage, particularly in the most isolated communes. Joint emergency needs assessments conducted very early in the disaster, reported that the floods affected a total of 25 districts in the five provinces of Quang Binh, Ha Tinh, Quang Tri, Nghe An and Thua Thien Hue in central Vietnam. IFRC received AusAID funds to support VNRC in the provision of food relief and cash distribution and Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Promotion for up to 9 650 households in the two severely affected provinces of Quang Binh and Ha Tinh.

2. Purpose of Review This review was proposed as an opportunity for Vietnam Red Cross, IFRC and Australian Red Cross to assess the timeliness, appropriateness and effectiveness of emergency relief activities funded by AusAID in responding to floods in Quang Binh and Ha Tinh provinces. In addition, the contribution of the Australian Red Cross supported Emergency Needs Assessment and Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) training programs in preparing VNRC for this emergency will be reflected on. This review will also provide a valuable opportunity to up-skill an Australian Red Cross trainee delegate in monitoring and evaluation. The review trip covered two main objectives and a number of outputs related to emergency response activities in Ha Tinh and Quang Binh provinces, particularly in relation to food and cash distributions and water supply support. The Terms of Reference for this trip is provided in Annex A.

2.1 Team composition The review team was composed of: Ms Sharon Kane – Program Coordinator, International Emergencies, Australian Red Cross Ms Carrie Gage – Monitoring and Evaluation Delegate, Australian Red Cross Mr Floyd Barnaby – Consultant, International Federation of Red Cross (Kuala Lumpur) Mr Ha Thai Binh – Chief of Disaster Management Division, Vietnam Red Cross Society Mr Trinh Tung Son – Consultant to Red Cross for Communications/Media Ms Hoang Thu Trang – Interpreter Ms Dang Thi Khanh Linh – Project Assistant IFRC (Hanoi) - Interpreter

3. Methodology This review was designed and managed by the Australian Red Cross, and was directed by a Terms of Reference (Annex A), which was developed in consultation with the Vietnam Red Cross Society and the International Federation of the Red Cross (IFRC).

A desk review of a number of key documents were reviewed prior to and during the review trip, which included the IFRC appeal documents and the Operational Updates, the most recent one being Operational Update 4. During the field trip, official documents were supplied to the review teams by Red Cross and People‟s Committee representatives, which outlined the damage to their communes, information about the flood response and challenges and lessons learnt for the future. Beneficiary lists were shared by the Red Cross, by which the review team was able to select households to visit for individual interviews.

A one day workshop was held in Hanoi to reflect on the training on Needs Assessment and Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) which was supported by the Australian Red Cross in 2010. Please refer to Annex B for the Workshop Agenda and Annex C for list of participants. This was followed by a number of meetings to discuss the workshop outcomes.

Australian Red Cross Vietnam Monitoring Trip, 22 March - 6 April 2011 4 A field trip to Quang Binh and Ha Tinh was conducted from 26 March to 2 April 2011. (See Annex D for the field schedules). The following districts and communes were selected:

Province District Commune Province District Commune Quang Le Thuy Lien Thuy Commune Ha Tinh Duc Tho Tung Anh Commune Binh District Xuan Thuy Commune District Duc Dong Commune Phoung Thuy Commune Lien Minh Commune Tuyen Thuan Hoa Commune Huong Son My Commune Hoa Phoung Hoa Commune Son Son Tra Commune District District Son Thinh Commune

For the purpose of this trip, the review team separated into two teams to cover more areas. A questionnaire guide was developed by the review team, prior to the trip to provide guidance on the discussions to address the main outputs of the Terms of Reference provided. Please refer to Annex E for the questionnaire guide. During this trip, the methodology of review was via semi-structured meetings with Provincial government and Red Cross officials and District and commune based officials1. The review team also conducted focus group discussions with commune beneficiaries of Red Cross support and also visited selected households to speak with the individuals. All meetings and interviews were facilitated by the interpreter. In total over 65 people were interviewed from the Red Cross and Government agencies, and over 120 beneficiaries. Please see Annex F for a full list of key stakeholders interviewed.

A verbal feedback session was held with the Provincial Red Cross Chairman and staff in Quang Binh, however due to logistics this was not able to be conducted in Ha Tinh. A feedback PowerPoint presentation was delivered to the Vietnam Red Cross Society Central Headquarters at the end of the trip on the 5th April 2011. A final report synthesising findings was also produced which incorporated the overall analysis, findings, conclusions and recommendations of the team

4. Limitations Reliance on Interpreters for Interviews and Translation of Documents  Interpretation of the Reflection Workshop. The review team requested Ms Phuong, Vietnam Red Cross trainer to conduct the workshop in Vietnamese, as the participants did not speak English. This decision was made to ease the facilitation as only one day was available to cover the reflection. This had two limitations: firstly that the facilitator was the person who conducted the training in 2010, so it may have been difficult for the participants to comment on any weaknesses of the training. Secondly, although two interpreters provided translation throughout the day, it was difficult to follow all the discussions, particularly as the work was primarily in small groups.  Interpreters on the field trip. The review would not have been possible without interpreters. There was very little English spoken at the Provincial, Branch and Commune level. This made engagement with communities a little cumbersome and slow, although the team tried their best to minimise the translation time. Each commune prepared written documents regarding their emergency response, which they discussed during the meeting and then were provided to the team. These documents were translated by the interpreters, which made it a slow process to gain information. Furthermore, throughout the field visits, the Red Cross and People‟s Committee representatives commented that they used the Government Criteria for Selection. The review team received these criteria towards the end of the trip and had it translated into English. This document would have been more useful at the start of the trip. Logistics  The field schedule was short, therefore districts were chosen by Vietnam Red Cros based on time available. The review team were not able to select districts randomly.

1 This included the People‟s Committee, People‟s Council, Fatherland Front, DOLISA, Provincial Red Cross, Steering Office of the Provincial Committee of Flood and Storm Control, Communes Women‟s Union, Communes Veterans Union, Socialist party Australian Red Cross Vietnam Monitoring Trip, 22 March - 6 April 2011 5  The review team received limited information about the use of the NOMAD. Both teams visited Phong Thuy commune which was where the NOMAD was located for 3 days during the flood response. However the team were unable to meet the persons who operated the NOMAD.

5. Findings: Pham Van Lan, 64 years old, grandfather of 2 from Thuan Hoa commune, Tuyen Hoa District, Quang Binh Province. 5.1 Overall Situation The information collected and collated by “I am 64 years of age and have been living with the floods for 64 years”. both review teams during the focus group discussions and individual beneficiaries Pham has lived in his village all his life and his clan is now was fairly consistent. The Districts and over 100 years old. His father, he and his 29 year old son all communes experienced two floods in served with the Vietnamese Army. When he left the army, he October 2010, the first one from 30th married and had four children and was elected head of the September to 6th October and then from the village, a position that he held until 2008. His daughter and 14th to 17th of October. The floodwaters her two young girls, aged 8 and 5 are living with him and his wife and people in the village still come to him for advice as came very fast and were very strong. he knows everyone and the area very well. While some people received information on TV or from the local authorities through Pham sees the difficulty and vulnerability for his family and household visits or over loud speakers the village in leaving near the river, however they do not have the money to relocate so they just have to get used to annual about the flood coming, others said they floods. Pham raises his cattle and livestock during the four had little warning due to the severity of the months of the year that the area does not flood. He raises flood and because it came around midnight chicken and pigs to sell for cash and cows for farming. He and only took two hours for the flood also has farming area for rice and corn crops. He only has waters to peak. People also remembered cheap and temporary style furniture as he won‟t buy the 2007 flood being much worse and permanent furniture as it is too big and heavy to move two or receiving more assistance at that time. three times a year when the village floods.

Last year the flood came at 10 o‟clock at night and took only The floods in October caused severe two hours to peak at 2.2 metres. The Disaster Management damage to households, water and group in the commune visited the households 2 days before sanitation systems, crops, livestock, the flood to warn the people, however the flash floods came infrastructure, concrete and unpaved roads, within a few hours so only had a short amount of time to electricity supplies and water channels in move his family and livestock to his brothers house in the the commune. Generally all the communes forest. Pham has a suspended ceiling in his house so he can visited received widespread damage with store some furniture and food stock above the flood waters. During the flood, Pham borrowed a life vest from the local almost all households being affected. authority so he could stay and protect his house and if everything was swept away at least he would be safe. After Most households in the areas visited were the floodwater receded, there was about forty centimetres of very poor and the houses visited had very mud through his house. It took the community ten days to little furniture. Some beneficiaries said that help each other clean their houses with the little equipment they didn‟t like to buy furniture because that they had. two or three times a year they have to Pham‟s household income is approximately AU$25 a month move it because of the floods. Some from his livestock and crops and he feels the effects of the households had constructed suspended inflation costs in the local market. It costs AU$35 a year for ceilings in the house where the family his two grandchildren to attend school. members could move to and store food, water and furniture during the flood. “I was scared as there was so much water. The water came very fast and strong and I was scared of being swept away. Some residents commented that the flood My grandfather carried me on his back to the forest. I couldn‟t go to school for ten days and I missed my friends.” relief system and evacuation system has Lai Thi Thao Duyen, aged 5, granddaughter – When asked been improving every year. what she remembered from the flood.

Australian Red Cross Vietnam Monitoring Trip, 22 March - 6 April 2011 6 All the residents who the review teams spoke, received food and cash assistance and remember receiving assistance quite a number of times, from one to two days after the flood until just prior to the Vietnamese Lunar New Year holiday (Tet) in late January 2011. The relief teams noted an amazing solidarity in the community.

5.2 Structure of the Administration The Vietnam Red Cross works in close coordination and collaboration with the Government agencies and departments. In Vietnam, the provinces are controlled by a People‟s Council, elected by the inhabitants. The People‟s Council appoints a People‟s Committee, which acts as the executive arm of the provincial government. It is responsible for formulating and implementing policy.

The Vietnamese Fatherland Front is an umbrella group of pro-government “mass movements” and has close links to the Communist Party of Vietnam and the Vietnam government. It is seen as a representative of the “I am proud of the people in Quang Binh people and is intended to supervise the activity of the and that they have such solidarity to help each other during disasters” – Chairman government. Many of the government‟s social programs of Red Cross Quang Binh. are conducted through the front and it has recently been given a role in programs to reduce poverty.

5.3 Coordination

Output 1.5 Assessment Discussion of how Movement partners worked together to ensure an efficient and appropriate response.

It appeared that the movement coordination was efficient and appropriate, with the overall response managed by the Vietnam Red Cross through the IFRC Emergency Appeal. In terms of relief distribution and water and sanitation support, it appears all objectives have been met. A number of Partner National Societies contributed to this appeal, including the American Red Cross, American government/USAID, Australian Red Cross, Australian Government/AusAID, British Red Cross, Canadian Red Cross/Canadian Government, Hong Kong branch of the Red Cross Society in China, Italian Government bilateral emergency fund, Japanese Red Cross, Monaco Red Cross, New Zealand Red Cross, New Zealand Government, Nokia and Swedish Red Cross, Swedish Government.

5.4 Findings for Objective 1 Overall Objective 1: Assessment of Vietnam Red Cross Society’s Emergency Operation In partnership with the VNRC and IFRC, assess the impact of the Vietnam Flood operation in Ha Tinh and Quang Binh provinces.

5.4.1 Needs Assessment/Damage Assessment All the beneficiaries said they were visited by someone during the time of the floods and asked what the damage was. At the Provincial meeting in Quang Binh, the representatives mentioned they did a Needs Assessment during the recovery period but not during the floods.

It was felt that the Needs Assessment was difficult due to a lack of resources and the wide scale damage that occurred. The beneficiaries in nearly all the communes agreed that they received a visit from the local authority after the flood to do a damage assessment however some of them were not asked what assistance they required.

Australian Red Cross Vietnam Monitoring Trip, 22 March - 6 April 2011 7 5.4.2 Selection Criteria Output 1.1 Assessment of the appropriateness and effectiveness of the criteria used in beneficiary identification for relief distribution.

It was clear that the local authorities and the Red Cross “We met difficulties but the enthusiasm used the Government Selection Criteria for the beneficiary of the staff and their knowledge of the selection in all areas visited. They also used the poverty process ensured we selected the right lists relating to the poor and the near poor people and beneficiaries and met the need of the households. Please refer to a translation of the Government community” – Vice Chairman of Red Selection Criteria (Annex G). Cross Ha Tinh.

While VNRC used the guidelines from the government, they included larger criteria therefore reaching more households. The criteria included mothers with young children, pregnant and lactating women, people with disabilities, women, people who had lost farming lands, elderly people, households that had a family member that died and families with houses which were partially or severely damaged or washed away. The local authorities, Red Cross representatives and the beneficiaries all discussed the process at the community meeting after the flood, and who was selected to receive assistance based on the criteria. Based on the information the review teams received during the commune visits, it was found that each commune generally followed a similar process. The People‟s Committee, Steering Committee and Red Cross discussed the guidelines, and then made a list of eligibility requirements. This was provided to the community leaders to verify, and then they held a community meeting to reach an agreement of who received assistance. This was to ensure transparency and fairness. The community leaders would then advise the People‟s Committee of the list of beneficiaries which was posted on the wall of the community hall for fifteen days. If there was no objection, the list was then submitted to the higher authority. All the beneficiaries agreed that the process was fair and appropriate. They were satisfied that the right people were provided assistance.

5.4.3 Distribution Process

Output 1.2 Assessment of the appropriateness and timeliness of relief assistance – food/cash (and what monitoring methods were used for relief assistance).

Output 1.6 Documentation of some key lessons learnt for cash programming (if cash distribution occurred).

One commune visited was able to clearly outline the process of response before, during and after the floods. The review team received the impression that this process was followed in most of the communes visited. This process was as follows – Before the Flood  In May/June of 2010, the People‟s Committee ensured good communication with the village, to prepare them for the impact of floods, as this happens on an annual basis. This included sending messages requesting households to be prepared by reserving food and water stocks for a flood event of five to seven days and preparing any possible transportation options during the time of the flood. The People‟s Committee also organised a meeting to approve the preparedness plan with the community and also to conduct a drill with the community and practice the plan. They also nominated some teams in the village to assist if evacuation was required.  The People‟s Committee also arranged for some basic pre-positioned goods at the commune, including food, packaged food and bottled water.

Australian Red Cross Vietnam Monitoring Trip, 22 March - 6 April 2011 8 During the Floods  The People‟s Committee convened a Steering Committee with all relevant actors/departments represented, including the Red Cross. From this Committee, flood response teams were comprised to go to the village and support in evacuation via boats (where available). These teams also provided information on damage and needs of the villages. This flood response team also provided basic food and water to households stranded and isolated by the flood waters. After the Flood  The People‟s Committee organised frequent data collection of each village, each household. They continued to mobilise the team to help the local community to clean up and recover when the flood withdrew.  A Receipt and Distribution Committee was also formed under the auspices of the People‟s Committee. This Committee receipted and arranged for the distribution of relief goods donated by all government agencies and other agencies. The Committee refereed to the Government selection criteria for the distribution for guidance. In terms of selection of beneficiaries, the People‟s Committee firstly held a meeting with all representatives from all departments to do ranking for the village households. They next guided the village Committee (lead by the village leader) to check the beneficiary lists, and agree on the selection. Once the selection was agreed, the list was then taken to the community meeting to gain agreement from all prior to the distribution of any support.

It is worth noting that that the review team visited one commune and met with the Red Cross and the People‟s Committee and the feedback provided in the report suggested that the flood response was not adequate. They raised concerns regarding limited human resources and equipment and while this is not necessarily unique to this commune, they also mentioned that the guidance from management, staff delegation and responsibilities, reporting and accuracy needed improvement. The report mentions that the People‟s Committee received negative feedback from the beneficiaries regarding the receipt and distribution of goods as well as the selection of beneficiaries. They requested that in future they work towards a more comprehensive framework between all levels of departments and that all agencies and staff are clear as to their role to ensure better preparedness to assist the community.

At the meetings attended by the review teams, the People's Committee and the Red Cross representatives presented as one group and sometimes were accompanied by the Steering Committee. This was because the disaster preparedness and response is organised as one team and they all agreed that they worked closely together. While this ensured a timely and effective response to the community it also made it unclear to the beneficiaries who they were receiving assistance from. The beneficiaries were often not clear what assistance the Red Cross may have been providing. This may relate to the lack of „visibility‟ or „identity of the Vietnam Red Cross as an organisation separate to the other Government Authorities. This may be a missed opportunity for the Red Cross, and could be further strengthened. This could be done by examples such as, consistent use of banners, logos at distribution points, use of uniforms at local level, logos on relief items, information flyers of Vietnam Red Cross activities or Red Cross principles being included in relief items.

Throughout both provinces, the food distribution appeared to be very well organised and appropriate. It appeared that everyone seemed to receive something. Authorities and beneficiaries agreed that food and non-food items were provided from a number of different sources. Some of the items distributed included instant noodles, rice, salt, cooking oil, clothes, school books, seeds, fertiliser, blankets, mosquito nets, household kits and life jackets. The beneficiaries were happy with the process and most of the food was delivered to their homes during and immediately after the time of the flood. They often received instant noodles and rice on more than one occasion, sometimes up to four times. Some households were also supplied with bottled drinking water. One focus group discussion mentioned that they felt that the food supply only met 60% of their needs. However, one household was “We live with the floods. This able to ration the food to last nearly four months. According to the is not new for us” Provincial level authorities in Quang Binh, approximately 10% of households were monitored to validate the assistance provided.

Australian Red Cross Vietnam Monitoring Trip, 22 March - 6 April 2011 9

The distribution of cash by the authorities to the beneficiaries was always conducted at the People‟s Committee building in the commune, which often times was also the office of the local Red Cross. Between two to seven days prior to the cash distribution, the selected beneficiaries were given a coupon by the local agencies or the village leader and in one commune the schedule of distribution was placed on the wall at the distribution point. The beneficiaries then came to the People's Committee building and received their cash from either the People's Committee or Red Cross representative and at one village by the village leader. This was to ensure that the right persons were receiving the cash. The beneficiaries had to produce their ID card or family book and sign the list for the amount they received. Some of the communes visited said that they were provided advice on how the money should be spent and in some communes the people said that they did not receive any information. However, generally they spent the money on food, tools, fertiliser and other necessary items. One lady said that she bought some furniture.

IFRC provided cash programming guidelines which were translated into Vietnamese. Cash Grants were piloted by the American Red Cross in 2010 and subsequently evaluated. This was one of the reasons IFRC selected cash grants as part of the Flood Appeal in October 2010. Further review of this programming pilot and documentation of the process carried out in the October 2010 flood response will further assist future learning‟s for Vietnam Red Cross and also other National Societies. The VNRC initially distributed food to the beneficiaries and when the markets reopened the cash grants were provided. The Provincial level VNRC had no concerns with security of the cash distribution process and they had community support throughout. At the commune level where the People's Committee and the Red Cross distributed the cash, there were no issues raised with the process.

At each commune the review teams sited beneficiary lists that had the name of the person, their gender, age, number of people in the household and the amount they received stated. The review team‟s then cross checked the list with the focus group discussion participants and individuals during the household visits. The VNRC supported by the ARC, provided 400,000 VND for less than four people in the household and 800,000 VND for four or more people in the household. The cash grants were distributed around the 20th January 2011, which is just before the Vietnamese TET holiday, in order to assist the people during this time and increase community spirit. While some communes received cash assistance on a few occasions, the beneficiaries were very happy to receive the cash at this time and the Red Cross received very good feedback. A minority of beneficiaries commented that the cash would have been more helpful if it was provided sooner.

The Red Cross and People‟s Committee representatives at most of the communes agreed that the distribution of cash was more timely and easy to distribute and it saved on transportation costs as it was conducted from the People's Committee building. The distribution of food takes longer and includes more paperwork, however food is necessary during the initial emergency period. For some communes, this was the first time that they had done cash distribution. The VNRC advised that the community be told that the cash should be spent on food, fertiliser, seed and other household necessities. The beneficiaries agreed that this is what they spent the cash grant for. According to the Provincial level authorities in Quang Binh, ten people in each commune were trained to carry out the monitoring of the distribution.

Australian Red Cross Vietnam Monitoring Trip, 22 March - 6 April 2011 10 The Provincial and District level government agencies and Red Cross representatives agreed that food versus cash distribution will always depend on the situation. During and immediately after the flood, food distribution is essential while cash grants are the preferred option once the markets open.

At one focus group discussion, the six women agreed that they would prefer the food so they could feed their families, while the three men said they would prefer the cash so they could buy what they needed. Most community members said that they didn't have a preference as they are in need of everything and that it would depend on the situation at the time, what they required and if the markets had reopened and what they were able to access. Some people bought food, while others bought seeds, fertiliser and farming tools and one beneficiary bought school books for his children as they had been washed away.

A potential form of support would be in times of emergency, when funding is available, continue to provide assistance to communities with a combination of food and cash grants and investigate the possibility of a distribution of food and cash at the same time.

5.4.4 Water Supply

Output 1.3 Identification that target households were provided with safe water and were trained on household water treatment.

Output 1.4 Assessment of the deployment outcomes of the NOMAD water treatment unit which was based in Quang Binh and that the VNRC staff received appropriate training.

The main water supply in the communes visited by the review teams were commonly deep wells (40 feet), piped water and rain water. In Quang Binh, Vietnam Red Cross advised that approximately 70% of communities normally have access to clean water. Some households located near rivers or streams, would collect their water daily, even though some stated they knew it was not clean, but they didn‟t have enough money for a well. The only access to water one lady had was the use of her neighbours well. The Red Cross in Quang Binh stated that 70% of communes used some type of latrine, either piped or a temporary style. In Ha Tinh, the Red Cross advised that only a third of households had latrines in their homes, while most communes talked about having temporary latrines. The review teams observed that the sanitation situation in the households were very basic.

During the floods, the communities were aware that the water supplies would be contaminated. Some communes were initially provided with bottled water, while some households collected well water or rain water before the floods and stored it above the flood waters so they could access it until the wells were cleaned. Most communes received chloramine B tablets to purify the wells and in some communes the health stations helped them to clean the dirty layer away prior to treatment. As the communities have experienced flood events previously, they were all aware of the need for water treatment. All communes noted that the water supply and sanitation systems have been restored, either fully or almost fully to the state they were prior to the flood.

5.4.5 NOMAD Deployment The Vietnam Red Cross made the decision to deploy the NOMAD in Quang Binh, which was the first time it was deployed there. It was sent to two communes in two separate districts. These were Phong Thuy commune in Le Thuy district (for 3 days only) and Tan Hoa commune in Minh Hoa district.

The two review teams visited Phong Thuy commune. The Phong Thuy Red Cross positioned the NOMAD in a central location within the village, immediately adjacent to the river. The security of the

Australian Red Cross Vietnam Monitoring Trip, 22 March - 6 April 2011 11 NOMAD was assured as the location was fenced with a gate. The village was a fairly concentrated area with the furthest household being two kilometres away. The Provincial Red Cross were responsible for the setting up and operation of the NOMAD and were supported by the Red Cross commune and members of the local search and rescue team. The commune representatives commented that they didn't do any maintenance to the NOMAD while it was located in Phong Thuy, however Provincial Red Cross NOMAD trained staff advised they had some trouble with the filters as the water was very “The flood came quickly. My wife and muddy. They mentioned that the filters are very children ran up the hill. I stayed on my expensive to replace (approximately AU$100 per filter), boat and watched my house get washed difficult to find locally and they were limited in where it away”. can be operated due to the NOMAD not being able to treat saltwater or water containing chemicals. The local Red Cross commented that the NOMAD was very useful during an emergency, however it was very costly and was only a short term option. The NOMAD was the only source of water after the flood, so the community were very happy to receive it. As the NOMAD was set up and operated by the Provincial level, the review team was unable to speak to anyone in the commune that was involved in the water distribution.

The Provincial Red Cross advised that the NOMAD produced 200,000 litres of water to approximately 15,000 people at the two locations. In Phong Thuy, they stated that they produced 37,000 litres of water and it was accessed approximately 1,000 times.

The Vietnam Red Cross advised that they did not carry out any water quality testing but are assured of the quality as it meets the Australian Standards for drinking water. The community talked about the colour of the water being clear, that it tasted good and smelt right. The residents always boil their water prior to drinking and therefore boiled the water from the NOMAD so didn't have any concerns with the quality. Some of the households that were further away from the NOMAD said they had limited access and had difficulties in getting to it. Of those households that lived nearby, some of them heard about the NOMAD over the loudspeaker system, while others had collected and stored water prior to the flood so did not access the NOMAD. On the first day, the people had to wait between fifteen minutes and two hours to access the water, however only had to wait a short period over the next two days. They were advised by the Red Cross that they could access as much water as they wanted. One community member, who would normally collect his water daily from the river where the NOMAD was located, stated that he knew it was an emergency situation so he didn't take too much water as everyone needed it. Another resident said that the water supply is now the same as before the flood, but not as good as the NOMAD. One man who accessed the water from the NOMAD said he did so because he didn‟t have any electricity to operate his pump for his own water. He said the water wasn‟t as clear as the well water, but it tasted good, and he believed in the science.

According to IFRC, each province has five people trained on the NOMAD, in Ha Tinh, Quang Binh, Nai Har, Quang Chi and Hue as well as some Central Red Cross staff. At the time of the floods in October, one staff member was sent from Headquarters to assist with the NOMAD. The Provincial level of the Red Cross said that in the future they would like to train more people on how to operate the Nomad and that they would need to source and stock more spare parts. A further approach being undertaken by the Vietnam Red Cross and IFRC is assessment of water restoration activities, such as Australian Red Cross Vietnam Monitoring Trip, 22 March - 6 April 2011 12 investigation of locally available water treatment machines to assist during the relief phase. Support further should look at potential investment in more water and sanitation activities both at the relief and recovery phase.

5.5 Findings for Objective 2 Overall Objective 2: Review the effectiveness of ongoing Emergency Assessment and M&E training in assisting VNRC emergency response capacity in this disaster. To understand the strengths and limitations of the Emergency Assessment and M&E training in assisting VNRC staff respond to this disaster.

Output 2.1 Facilitation of a reflection exercise with key VNRC branch and HQ staff and associated stakeholders and documentation of:  How the Australian Red Cross supported Emergency Needs Assessment training contributed to equipping VNRC staff undertake the initial needs assessment for the flood operation;  potential limitations of this training program to prepare VNRC in responding to and reporting on the flood emergency;  The approach/methods and effectiveness of collecting and analysing M&E Data in this emergency response.

The reflection exercise with key Vietnam Red Cross branch and Headquarters staff was organised and held on Thursday 24 March 2011. The participants were from Quang Binh, Quang Tri, Ha Tinh and Nghe An provinces. They all attended the Needs Assessment and Monitoring and Evaluation training in June 2010, so the reflection exercise was an opportunity for Australian Red Cross, Vietnam Red Cross, the facilitator and the participants to follow up on what they learnt during the training and how they may have applied it during the recent

flood event in October 2010 in the affected provinces.

Sharon Kane and Carrie Gage met with Mrs. Vuthi Phuong, Vietnam Red Cross trainer, Mr Ha Thai Binh, Vietnam Red Cross Chief of Disaster Management Division, Mr Floyd Barnaby, IFRC and Mrs Hanh Do Duc, Australian Red Cross Program Officer in Vietnam on 23 March 2011 to determine how the reflection exercise would be conducted. The agenda for the reflection exercise was designed to allow the participants to consider the twelve topics covered during the training including Needs Assessments and Monitoring and Evaluation and how this impacted on the activities they carried out during the flood response. The agenda of the reflection workshop is provided in Annex B.

The participants were asked to list the activities that the Red Cross and themselves individually carried out during the response. This allowed for Chapter Groups to discuss what they did during the response. This was grouped into three main categories which were Needs Assessment, Disaster Relief and Distribution activities and Monitoring. Australian Red Cross Vietnam Monitoring Trip, 22 March - 6 April 2011 13

Next the participants were asked to reflect on what topics they recall from the training last year. Initially it appeared that they grouped all activities previously listed into two main topics, methodology of needs assessments and types of reporting. Through further discussion, the activities were placed under a four more topics and then with prompting and assistance from the facilitator, all twelve topics were placed on display for discussion. The participants then distributed the activities across eight of the topics, leaving four topics that had no identified activities listed under them. These topics included Role of Red Cross Movement Partners in a disaster, Needs Assessment activities before, during and after a disaster, Community Needs Assessment and Developing a Monitoring Plan.

The participants felt that the topics relating to the role of the Vietnam Red Cross and the supporting resources and organisations improved their capacity and awareness on disaster preparedness and response and allowed them to conduct their work more effectively. There was a lot of very positive feedback about Needs Assessments and the importance of conducting the different types of assessments. They agreed that they needed to be done efficiently and timely and the need for sufficient and accurate information. However in practice, it appears that these ideas are difficult to carry out in the field due to resources and management.

Participants were then asked to discuss which activities they carried out during the flood response as a result of the training, which they had not previously done. The outcome of this was that most activities were highlighted as being a new skill that they learnt as a result of the training. Participants then discussed the content of the training and what topics were useful when applying them in the field and if they had any challenges in carrying them out. In general, participants found the monitoring and evaluation and the indicator-based monitoring topics the most difficult to understand and to apply in the field. This was due to a combination of not understanding how to carry them out and also due to a lack of support by management and the community when trying to apply these skills in the field during the flood response.

Looking to the future, the participants were asked how they could improve individually and what support they required. Individually the participants commented that they could improve their M&E skills and knowledge, be proactive, improve their time management, be creative and flexible in their work and cooperate to achieve better results. They also believed they would be more effective in the field with more support from Red Cross management, the local authorities and the community. They also indicated training as a means of support, in particular training in the field doing practical exercises on Monitoring and Evaluation and designing and implementing questionnaires for the field. If funding were available this could be a possibility for the Australian Red Cross to further support further Monitoring and Evaluation trainng, at a Train the Trainer level, so that the basic principles can be filtered down from the provincial and district level to the commune level.

Overall the reflection exercise went very well. Mrs Phuong seemed to engage and interact with the participants very well and they were very active and openly discussed all topics covered during the day.

 The approach/methods and effectiveness of collecting and analyzing M&E Data in this emergency response.

When the participants were asked to list the activities that they carried out as part of the recent flood response they covered three main categories which were Needs Assessment, Disaster Relief and Distribution activities and Monitoring. Throughout the first four days after the flood, the Red Cross gathered and exchanged information relating to people, crops, infrastructure, housing, water, food and disease.

Some of the methodologies that the participants stated they used when carrying out the needs assessment during the flood included seasonal crop Calenders, damage mapping and Venn charts. One of the participants noted video and photographs as being useful while others used historical data and local reports. The disaster relief included well water treatment, receipt and distribution of goods, food and water, visiting households and establishment of a local steering team. They also were able to monitor the distribution programs. One area that most participants commented that they could not

Australian Red Cross Vietnam Monitoring Trip, 22 March - 6 April 2011 14 complete is the Community Mapping in the community, as they found this too time consuming during an initial Needs Assessment.

All four provinces agreed that the steps involved in collating the report was the collection, categorisation and analysis of the information to prepare the summary report. The participants found the monitoring and evaluation and the indicator-based monitoring topics of the training the most difficult to understand. This may be due to the fact that only half a day was spent on log frames and indicators. The current level of monitoring activity in the field is simply on activity based monitoring, and therefore the idea of outcome/output based monitoring is a new concept for them. Furthermore, most projects do not have log frames or indicators already built into the project design. They felt that they would benefit by having more training in this area, which could include practical exercises in the field.

The participants also feel that higher levels of Vietnam Red Cross management may not understand the practice of carrying out monitoring and evaluation during a disaster response as they have a lot of previous experience in this area and continue to respond to disasters as they always have. This is difficult for Red Cross staff who have attended this training as they see the value of monitoring and evaluation in the community as part of an effective approach to disaster response. Therefore they feel that they are unable to effectively carry it out as they do not have the resources and equipment in the field. The participants also agreed that it would be easier to carry out the necessary activities in the community if they had the support from the local authorities and the people.

The participants highlighted some of these methodologies as having been new activities that they now carry out due to the recent training they had on Needs Assessments and Monitoring and Evaluation.

 potential limitations of this training program to prepare VNRC in responding to and reporting on the flood emergency;

The training was overall positive for the participants, however there were some potential limitations of this training program identified through the workshop, and through further meetings with Vietnam Red Cross.

Firstly, the participants were from four main provinces, two of which were severely affected during the recent floods in October. However, although they were very active participants they were mainly higher level management within the chapters and not necessarily the Red Cross staff that were involved in field assessments, distribution of goods and monitoring of these activities. One possible avenue for future trainings by the Vietnam Red Cross would be to focus on Train the Trainer opportunities within Vietnam Red Cross. The Vietnam Red Cross can look at methods of training provincial and district staff, who can then go on to train some community based Red Cross staff and volunteers. This would bring the training to the commune level, as opposed to it remaining at the higher levels.

There was general agreement that a needs assessment should be conducted after the time of a disaster, but the „how‟ to do it adequately and effectively is not defined. This is particularly relevant to those provinces and branches that do not have a strong volunteer or staff base and inadequate resources and

Australian Red Cross Vietnam Monitoring Trip, 22 March - 6 April 2011 15 equipment. It is clear that the volunteer base in each province varies. The Red Cross provincial and district branch offices may only have a few paid members, and therefore it makes it difficult for them to conduct an effective needs assessment with limited number of people to assist. Therefore, even with training of the participants, in reality their ability to conduct a needs assessment may be limited. One option that was clearly articulated was the support of the current work towards the establishment of the National Disaster Response Team (NDRT) and the current development of the Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for the NDRT. This team could then assist provincial and district branches at times of emergencies.

Output 2.2 Capacity of an Australian Delegate (trainee) is built in terms of program monitoring, evaluation and reporting skills.

An Australian Delegate (trainee) was included on the review team to provide an opportunity to build the monitoring and evaluation capacity of the trainee delegate, as well as increase the M&E capacity of the Australian Red Cross Delegate pool. The delegate trainee, Ms Carrie Gage, was provided with an opportunity to learn the project monitoring cycle in terms of planning, action, reflection and learning. The delegate trainee was provided information prior to departure and in the beginning of the trip on the tools used for conducting review trips. The delegate trainee played a role in the development of the questionnaire guide for the field trip, the planning for the reflection workshop and involvement in the report writing. During the field trip, the delegate trainee was the lead role in one of the review teams which conducted meetings with Red Cross and Government officials, focus group discussions with communities and individual household visits. This was all through the effective use of an interpreter. Overall, the trip was a positive learning experience for the delegate trainee as well as for the Australian supervising delegate. It is very clear that this has effectively cemented and enhanced the skills of the delegate trainee so that she can be deployed on individual missions in the future.

6. Conclusions This review provided a valuable opportunity for partners in this response to reflect on the work undertaken in the emergency response to the floods in October 2010. Overall the review team, of Vietnam Red Cross, IFRC and Australian Red Cross found the mission worthwhile, and a good opportunity to gain lessons for future programming.

The two objectives of the review trip have been successfully met. This included a reflection on the Emergency Needs Assessment and Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) training program which was conducted in 2010 with support from AusAID. This training has prepared Vietnam Red Cross at the provincial level with skills to respond at times of emergency, such as the floods in October 2010. Further thought needs to be held however on how these skills can filter down to the district branches, as this level of Red Cross structure had little benefit from the training. Monitoring and evaluation practice and knowledge also remains low, so this is a further opportunity to support in the future.

In terms of the emergency response activities in Ha Tinh and Quang Binh provinces, the review team has positive conclusions about the assistance that the Vietnam Red Cross Society provided during the floods in October 2010. Overall the food and cash distribution was assessed as appropriate, effective and timely. The cash distribution process, following IFRC cash programming guidelines provides a good example for other National Societies to learn from the process, and therefore Vietnam Red Cross is encouraged to document this process and disseminate widely. The deployment of the NOMAD was well received by the communities, and the support by Vietnam Red Cross in terms of other water supply assistance was also effective and appropriate. There were no observed concerns about the selection criteria for beneficiaries, or on the distribution process.

The review trip also provided a valuable learning opportunity for the Australian delegate trainee, who is now effectively equipped with skills to be able to conduct further monitoring and review trips independently for the Australian Red Cross in the future.

Australian Red Cross Vietnam Monitoring Trip, 22 March - 6 April 2011 16 7. Recommendations There are a number of recommendations compiled by the review team to provide thought to the Australian Red Cross and Vietnam Red Cross in the future. These were presented to the Vietnam Red Cross management at a feedback meeting in Hanoi on the 5th April 2011.

7.1 For Vietnam Red Cross Society  Continue the current work on establishment of the National Disaster Response Team (NDRT) and the current development of the Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for the NDRT. This team could then assist provincial and district branches at times of emergencies.  Focus on Train the Trainer opportunities within Vietnam Red Cross. The Vietnam Red Cross can look at methods of training provincial and district staff, who can then go on to train some community based Red Cross staff and volunteers. This would bring the training to the commune level, as opposed to it remaining at the higher levels.  Remain flexible in support to emergency response activities, including being prepared to discuss with IFRC and the Partner National Societies if there is a need to change objectives/outputs as the situation emerges and becomes clearer.  Look at potential investment in more water and sanitation activities both at the relief and recovery phase. Vietnam Red Cross are currently working with IFRC to investigate locally available water treatment machines to assist during relief phases. This should be supported. In the recovery phase, Vietnam Red Cross should look at water restoration activities, and encourage communities on methods such as rainwater harvesting as a key preparedness measure.  Review, incorporate findings from the American Red Cross Cash programming pilot, and document the process of cash grant distribution carried out due to the October flood response, for future learning‟s for Vietnam Red Cross and also other National Societies.  In times of emergency, when funding is available, continue to provide assistance to communities with a combination of food and cash grants and investigate the possibility of a distribution of food and cash at the same time.  Vietnam Red Cross is an active and integral part of support to local communities. However, the identity of Red Cross in the community can be further strengthened. Vietnam Red Cross is encouraged to look at how to further increase their identity at the local level, so that communities will know that support is coming from Vietnam Red Cross as well as the People‟s Committee and other agencies. This could be done by examples such as, consistent use of banners, logos at distribution points, use of uniforms at local level, logos on relief items, information flyers of Vietnam Red Cross activities or Red Cross principles being included in relief items.  Vietnam Red Cross should look at activities that increase and enhance the active volunteer base at the district and commune level.  Vietnam Red Cross are providing training to provincial and district branches on disaster preparedness and response. This is a good opportunity to increase the identity of Vietnam Red Cross as experts in this field. This opportunity should be investigated and supported further.

7.2 For Australian Red Cross Society  Support the current work of the Vietnam Red Cross on their establishment of a National Disaster Response Team (NDRT) as per outlined above  Continue to work closely with Vietnam Red Cross and look at support options focused on long term livelihood recovery programs. This is particularly relevant for communities affected by annual flood events.  Consider the capacity to ensure that a monitoring trip is conducted during the emergency phase of relief activities, so as to provide any overall guidance or technical input at the time of activities being conducted. (E.g. during NOMAD deployment or relief distribution of items).

Australian Red Cross Vietnam Monitoring Trip, 22 March - 6 April 2011 17  Assess the possibility of supporting training on Monitoring and Evaluation. Training should be at a Train the Trainer level, so that the basic principles can be filtered down from the provincial and district level to the commune level.

8. Annexes

Australian Red Cross Vietnam Monitoring Trip, 22 March - 6 April 2011 18 Annex A: Terms of Reference for the Review

Terms of Reference for the review of the joint International Federation of Red Cross (IFRC) and Viet Nam Red Cross (VNRC) Emergency Flood Response

Background Australian Red Cross has an ongoing partnership with VNRC, a component of which has been to support the rollout of Emergency Needs Assessment and Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) training to assist the national society meet their identified need of increasing staff capacity in these areas. From 1 to 6 October 2010, flooding in Viet Nam caused severe loss and damage, particularly in the most isolated communes. Joint emergency needs assessments conducted very early in the disaster, reported that the floods affected a total of 25 districts in the five provinces of Quang Binh, Ha Tinh, Quang Tri, Nghe An and Thua Thien Hue in central Viet Nam. IFRC, received AusAID funds to support VNRC in the provision of food relief / cash distribution and Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Promotion for up to 9 650 households in the two severely affected provinces of Quang Binh, Ha Tinh.

Aims of the review This review is proposed as an opportunity for Viet Nam Red Cross, IFRC and Australian Red Cross to assess the timeliness, appropriateness and effectiveness of emergency relief activities funded by AusAID in responding to floods in Ha Tinh and Quang Binh provinces. In addition, the contribution (or not) of the Australian Red Cross supported Emergency Needs Assessment and Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) training programs in preparing VNRC for this emergency will be reflected on. This review will also provide a valuable opportunity to up-skill an Australian Red Cross trainee delegate in monitoring and evaluation.

Overall Objective 1: Assessment of Vietnam Red Cross Society’s Emergency Operation In partnership with the VNRC and IFRC, assess the impact of the Vietnam Flood operation in Ha Tinh and Quang Binh provinces. Anticipated Outputs: 1.1 Assessment of the appropriateness and effectiveness of the criteria used in beneficiary identification for relief distribution. 1.2 Assessment of the appropriateness and timeliness of relief assistance – food/cash (and what monitoring methods were used for relief assistance). 1.3 Identification that target households were provided with safe water and were trained on household water treatment. 1.4 Assessment of the deployment outcomes of the NOMAD water treatment unit which was based in Quang Binh and that the VNRC staff received appropriate training. 1.5 Discussion of how Movement partners worked together to ensure an efficient and appropriate response. 1.6 Compilation of a concise report documenting key findings to inform future programming. 1.7 Documentation of some key lessons learnt for cash programming (if cash distribution occurred).

Overall Objective 2: Review the effectiveness of ongoing Emergency Assessment and M&E training in assisting VNRC emergency response capacity in this disaster. To understand the strengths and limitations of the Emergency Assessment and M&E training in assisting VNRC staff respond to this disaster. Anticipated Outputs: 2.1 Facilitation of a reflection exercise with key VNRC branch and HQ staff and associated stakeholders and documentation of:  how the Australian Red Cross supported Emergency Needs Assessment training contributed to equipping VNRC staff undertake the initial needs assessment for the flood operation;  Potential limitations of this training program to prepare VNRC in responding to and reporting on the flood emergency;  The approach/methods and effectiveness of collecting and analysing M&E Data in this emergency response. 2.2 Capacity of an Australian Delegate (trainee) is built in terms of program monitoring, evaluation and reporting skills. Methods: Small focus groups ,Key informant interviews, direct observation (if possible), Document review Location: Hanoi (Obj 2) and two provinces of Ha Tinh and Quang Binh (Obj 1) Team composition: This review team is proposed to include the 1-2 key VNRC staff, the Australian Red Cross Program Coordinator – International Emergencies, a Program Management and Evaluation Delegate (trainee) and the Viet Nam-based Australian Red Cross Program Support and Liaison Officer +/- an IFRC nominee. Timeframe: Monday 21st March – Thursday 7th April 2011

Australian Red Cross Vietnam Monitoring Trip, 22 March - 6 April 2011 19 Annex B: Working Agenda for Reflection W’shop on Needs Assessment & M&E Training Time Content Methodology 8:30- 9:00 Introductions of name, position Purpose of the workshop 9:00- 10:00 Chapters brief information about disaster in Oct Work in groups & Nov in their locality Write in small cards Roles in disaster of RC/individuals Feed back in a large group 10:00- 10:15 Tea break 10:15- 11:30 What participants recall from the training on Small groups (mix them up) M&E and NA Give them a cards with 12 blank boxes and ask them to fill in with sessions that they remember from trainings Phuong states the 12 sessions and put them on the wall and ask groups to put their small cards under relevant sessions. 11:30- 13:30 Lunch 13:30- 3:00 What contents of trainings were most useful? Small groups Why? And why not? Focus on individual session Ao paper How do people apply such expertise? Small groups write down on Challenges in applying? small cards and then put on the Ao on the wall Phuong summarize 3:00- 3:15 Tea break 3:15 – 3:30 Dot walks Give dots to people, ask them to walk around to put dots on things that they haven‟t done before the training or what they do differently in the past 3:30- 4:00 Future: what additional topics for future Chapter group 4:15 Close

Australian Red Cross Vietnam Monitoring Trip, 22 March - 6 April 2011 20 Annex C: List of Red Cross Participants in the Reflection Workshop on Emergency Needs Assessment and M&E, 24 March 2011, Hanoi

TT Họ và tên Chức vụ Hội CTĐ No Full name Position RC chapters

1 Lê Hữu Minh Program officer Tỉnh Quảng Trị 2 Nguyễn Thị Hường Vice Chairman Tỉnh Quảng Trị 3 Phạm Thị Hòa Program Officer Tỉnh Nghệ An 4 Phạm Anh Tuấn Deputy Director Tỉnh Nghệ An 5 Phạm Viết Tính Program Officer Tỉnh Nghệ An Hung.nguyên dist N. An 6 Phan Thị Hòa Vice Chairman province Yên Thành dist, Nghệ 7 Lưu Xuân Hữu Vice Chairman An 8 Nguyễn Thị Mai Director Tỉnh Hà Tỉnh 9 Nguyễn Đình Toản Program officer Tỉnh Hà Tỉnh 10 Trần Xuân Hùng Chairman Kỳ Anh Dist, Hà.Tĩnh Hương Sơn dist, 11 Nguyễn Đình Hành Chairman Hà.Tĩnh 12 Lương Hữu Lần Chairman Can Lộc Dist, Hà.Tĩnh 13 Nguyen Huy Minh Driver Ha Tinh 14 Phan Văn Cầu Vice Chairman Tỉnh Quảng Bình 15 Trần Thị Hường Program officer Tỉnh Quảng Bình

Australian Red Cross Vietnam Monitoring Trip, 22 March - 6 April 2011 21 Annex D: Field Trip Itinerary Time Activities Participant Quang Binh Province 28/3/2011 8h30 - Work with Provincial Red Cross Central Red Cross team; 11h30 Provincial RC standing Committee and staff; Provincial Father Land Frontier, PCFSC 13h30 – Work with Lien Thuy and Xuan Thuy CPC (Le Thuy Evaluation team; 15h00 district) on the evaluation trip (separate into 2 teams). Provincial RC; Commune PC, RC and other related department 15h00 – Visit beneficiary households in Lien Thuy and Xuan Evaluation team; 17h00 Thuy commune (Le Thuy). (focusing on receipt of Provincial RC; supports from IFRC livelihoods programmes through Commune RC and volunteers Central RC).(2 teams) Beneficiaries Quang Binh Province 29/3/2011 8h30 - Work with Thuan Hoa and Phong Hoa CPC (Tuyen Evaluation team; 11h00 Hoa district) on the evaluation trip (separate into 2 provincial RC; teams) Commune PC, RC and other related department 13h30- Visit beneficiary households in Thuan Hoa and Evaluation team; 15h30 Phong Hoa commune (Tuyen Hoa). (focusing on Provincial RC; receipt of supports from IFRC livelihoods Commune RC and volunteers programmes through Central RC).(2 teams) Beneficiaries 15h30 Leave for Dong Hoi Ha Tinh Province 31/3-1/4/2011 8h – Work with: Provincial RC leaders, Evaluation team, 13h30 Other related departments, Lunch & divide into 2 teams 13h30 – - Work with: Commune leaders and relevant Tùng Ảnh commune PC- Đức Thọ 16h30 departments; District RC and Youth Union; district - FGD (8 – 10 beneficiary households of cash grant) Tung Anh Commune PC Team 1 - Visit 1 – 2 HHs Beneficiary‟s houses 13h30 – - Work with: Commune leaders and relevant Sơn Mỹ commune PC - Hương Sơn 16h30 departments; District RC and Youth Union; district - FGD (8 – 10 beneficiary households of cash grant) Commune PC Team 2 - Visit 1 – 2 HHs Beneficiary‟s houses Ngày 01/4/2011 8h00 – Work with: Commune leaders and relevant Đức Đồng commune PC – Duc Tho 11h30 departments; District RC and Youth Union; district - FGD (8 – 10 beneficiary households of cash grant) Commune PC Team 1 - Visit 1 – 4 HHs Beneficiary‟s houses 8h00 – - Work with: Commune leaders and relevant Sơn Trà commune PC - Hương Sơn 11h30 departments; District RC and Youth Union; district - FGD (8 – 10 beneficiary households of cash grant) Commune PC Team 2 - Visit 1 – 4 HHs Beneficiary‟s houses 13h30 – - Work with: Commune leaders and relevant Liên Minh commune PC – Duc Tho 16h30 departments; District RC and Youth Union; district - FGD (8 – 10 beneficiary households of cash grant) Commune PC Team 1 - Visit 1 – 2 HHs Beneficiary‟s houses 13h30 – - Work with: Commune leaders and relevant Sơn Thịnh commune PC - Hương Sơn 16h30 departments; District RC and Youth Union; district - FGD (8 – 10 beneficiary households of cash grant) Commune PC Team 2 - Visit 1 – 2 HHs (?) Beneficiary‟s houses

Australian Red Cross Vietnam Monitoring Trip, 22 March - 6 April 2011 22 Annex E: Questionnaires used for the field trips

GOVERNMENT AGENCIES General Questions: (related to Quant Bin and Ha Tin provinces) 1 What were the needs in the community after the floods in October? 2 What assistance did the local government give to the communities of (Quang Binh and/or Ha Tinh). 3 Did other organizations provide assistance, and if so, what assistance? (who were they, how many) 4 How do you as a local government support the activities of the Red Cross? 5 In the recent floods, did the government use any criteria to identify those who needed assistance? If so, what were the criteria? FOOD/CASH 6 The Red Cross was involved in food/cash distribution in the recent floods. Were there other agencies involved in food/cash distribution in the area, and if so, how many? Who were they? 7 In total, how many households benefited from food/cash assistance in (Quang Binh and in Ha Tinh)? 8 How was the distribution of food/cash to the selected households monitored? Who did the monitoring? Were there any issues with the monitoring? 9 Do you feel that the beneficiaries were happy about the cash program? Why or why not? 10 If assistance is needed in the future, what do you think is a better distribution – food/cash? Why is this? WATER SUPPLY 11 What type of water supply and sanitation systems were available to the community before the floods? 12 What extent of damage did the floods cause to these water supply and sanitation systems? 13 What is the status of the water and sanitation systems now? Do you think the systems are better now? 14 What assistance did other agencies (and Red Cross) provide the community (for water/sanitation) after the flood? 15 If assistance is needed in the future, what do you think is the best form of assistance to communities for water/sanitation needs?

QUESTIONS FOR RED CROSS MANAGEMENT AND REPRESENTATIVES General Questions: (related to Quant Bin and Ha Tin provinces) 1 What type of assistance does the Red Cross provide to people in times of disaster? 2 What were the needs in the community after the floods in October? 3 Did you conduct a Needs Assessment/Damage Assessment after the floods? If yes, did it help you in planning a response? If not, what were the challenges to why it wasn‟t conducted? 4 Looking back at the response in October, do you think that the Red Cross provided the appropriate assistance in the community? FOOD/CASH 5 What household selection criteria were used to identify the appropriate people to receive food/cash assistance? 6 Did the Red Cross work with the community to identify those who received assistance? If so, how did you do this? 7 Did you receive any feedback from the community about who did and did not receive assistance? 8 What was the process for distribution of cash? E.g. How many staff and/or volunteers were involved in the distribution was it conducted in a timely manner? What type of documentation was kept to record the distribution of food and cash? 9 How was the distribution of food/cash to the selected households monitored? Who did the monitoring? Were there any issues with the monitoring? 10 Were there any issues for when the distribution of food/cash ended? Did people think it should have continued longer? 11 If assistance is needed in the future, what do you think is a better distribution – food/cash? Why is this?

Australian Red Cross Vietnam Monitoring Trip, 22 March - 6 April 2011 23 WATER SUPPLY – General Questions 12 What type of water supply and sanitation system did the community have access to before the floods? 13 What extent of damage did the floods cause to these water supply and sanitation systems? 14 What is the status of the community water and sanitation systems now? Do you think the systems are better now? 15 What form of water supply assistance did the Red Cross provide to this community after the floods? QUANG BINH Only 16 Do you know why Quang Binh province had the NOMAD deployment? 17 After the floods, was the NOMAD the only water supply for the community? Do you think the people received sufficient water from this NOMAD? 18 How many people accessed water from the NOMAD daily and in total (rough estimates)? 19 How many days did the NOMAD operate, and in total how much water was produced in total? 20 Were the community happy to receive their water supply from the NOMAD? 21 In the commune how was it decided where the NOMAD should be set up? And who made the decision? 22 Who set up and disassembled the NOMAD? Did they have the knowledge/expertise to do this without assistance? 23 Who maintained the NOMAD? Do they have the tools to do so? Were there any issues? 24 Who was responsible for checking the quality of the water being produced by the NOMAD? Do they have the testing kit to do so? 25 Were community members involved in distribution of water from the NOMAD? In what way? 26 Do you think that the Red Cross should use the NOMAD again after a flood such as the one in Quang Binh? Why or why not? Do you feel that the NOMAD was an effective response measure? Ha Tinh only 27 Do you think that the community could have benefited from the use of a NOMAD after the floods?

NOMAD TRAINED STAFF IF AVAILABLE

1 Did you feel confident setting up and using the NOMAD? Was it easy to assemble and disassemble? Did you have access to the appropriate tools needed to maintain the NOMAD? Were you able to check the quality of water being produced? 2 Were there any challenges using the NOMAD? If so, what were they? Who did you contact if there was a problem?

Australian Red Cross Vietnam Monitoring Trip, 22 March - 6 April 2011 24 QUESTIONS FOR COMMUNITY MEMBERS (BENEFICIARIES)

General Questions: (related to Quant Bin and Ha Tin provinces) 1 Were you affected by the floods in October? What difficulties did you face after the floods in your household? In your community? 2 What were the needs in the community after the floods in October? (And in your household?) 3 What type of assistance did you receive after the floods? (in the community, household) 4 What does the Red Cross do to help you at times of disaster (such as the floods)? 5 Were you asked what was needed, and do you think the assistance matched the need? Why or why not? FOOD/CASH 6 What was the source of food in your community before the flood? And then after the flood? 7 After the flood, did you receive any food and cash assistance to purchase food? Who did you receive assistance from? 8 How was your household (or other households) selected to receive food or cash assistance? 9 Do you feel the most needy people in the commune received food and cash assistance? Why/why not? 10 What was the process for you receiving food/cash assistance? Was it at a distribution point? Was it convenient, timely etc? 11 How many times did you receive food from the Red Cross? How long did the food last? Did you feel that there was enough food provided? 12 If you received cash assistance, were you told what the cash for? What did you spend the cash on? 13 In the future, if there was another flood, what would you prefer food or cash assistance? 14 Do you have any positive/negative feedback about the food distribution? And about the Cash distribution?(get a few quotes if possible) WATER SUPPLY – General Questions 15 What type of water supply and sanitation system did you have before the floods? 16 What extent of damage did the floods cause to your water supply and sanitation systems? 17 What is the status of the water and sanitation systems now? 18 What assistance did you receive for water supply? Who provided this assistance? 19 Were you provided assistance in your household on how to treat your water to make it safe to drink? 20 Have you been using the tablets/equipment? Did the Red Cross provide you water treatment training? QUANG BINH Only 21 Did you access water provided by the Red Cross NOMAD? If so, each day, how long did you have to wait and how far did you travel to get the water? 22 Did you use the water from the NOMAD for drinking and cooking? 23 In the commune how was it decided where the NOMAD should be set up? And who made the decision? 24 Were community members involved in distribution of water from the NOMAD? In what way?

Australian Red Cross Vietnam Monitoring Trip, 22 March - 6 April 2011 25 Annex F: List of Key Stakeholders

Hanoi Mr Le The Thin – Member of the Central Standing Committee, Director of Social Works and Disaster Management Department, Vietnam Red Cross Mr Dang Minh Chau – Director of International Relations Department, Vietnam Red Cross Mrs Luong Hong Thuy, Deputy Director International Relations & Development Department, Vietnam Red Cross Mr Ha Thai Binh – Chief of Disaster Management Division, Vietnam Red Cross Ms Vuthi Phong – Program Officer, Training Centre, Vietnam Red Cross Mr Trinh Tung Son – Consultant to Red Cross - Newspaper – Nhan Dan Mr Dang Van Tao – Disaster Management Manager, IFRC Ms Hanh Do Duc – Program Officer, Australian Red Cross, Hanoi

Quang Binh

Provincial Level 1 Nguyen Xuan Hieu Vice Chairman Provincial Father Land Front 2 Pham Thanh Dong Deputy Director DOLISA 3 Cao Quay Canh Chairman Provincial Red Cross – Quang Binh 4 Phan Van Cau Vice Chairman Provincial Red Cross – Quang Binh 5 Than Duy Tuong Standing member Provincial Red Cross – Quang Binh 6 Le Quong Son Vice Chairman Steering Office of Provincial Committee of Flood and Storm Control (PCFSC)

District and Commune Level Le Thuy District -Lien Thuy Commune No Name Position Agency 1 Nguyen Van Vuong Chairman People‟s Committee, Le Thuy district, Lien Thuy Commune 2 Le Cong Hoai Vice chairman People‟s Committee, Le Thuy district, Lien Thuy Commune 3 Tran Van Moi Chairman Red Cross, Le Thuy district, Lien Thuy Commune Beneficiary Meetings Focus Group Discussion Individual Household Visits Male Female 2 female, 1 male 7 1

Le Thuy District -Phong Thuy Commune (location of the NOMAD) No Name Position Agency 1 Mr Pham Huu Quan Chairman Red Cross, Le Thuy district, Phong Thuy Commune 2 Mr Vo Thanh Kho Chairman Socialist Party, Le Thuy district, Phong Thuy Commune 3 Mr Le Quan Vinh Chairman People‟s Committee, Le Thuy district, Phong Thuy Commune Beneficiary Meetings Focus Group Discussion Individual Household Visits Male Female 4 female, 4 male 0 0

Le Thuy District - Xuan Thuy Commune No Name Position Agency 1 Mr Le Chan Thanh Chairman Red Cross, Le Thuy District, Xuan Thuy Commune 2 Mr Duong Duc Pho Vice Chairman Red Cross, Le Thuy District, Xuan Thuy Commune 3 Mr Nguyen Van De Vice Chairman People‟s Committee, Le Thuy District, Xuan Thuy Commune Beneficiary Meetings Australian Red Cross Vietnam Monitoring Trip, 22 March - 6 April 2011 26 Focus Group Discussion Individual Household Visits Male Female 2 female 0 0

Tuyen Hoa District - Thuan Hoa Commune No Name Position Agency 1 Mr Nguyen Duy Tim Red Cross, Tuyen Hoa District 2 Mr Hoang Van Vinh Chairman Red Cross, Tuyen Hoa District, Thuan Hoa Commune 3 Mr Phung Ngoc Anh Chairman People‟s Committee, Tuyen Hoa District, Thuan Hoa Commune 4 Mr Nguyen Xuan Cac Vice Chairman People‟s Committee, Tuyen Hoa District, Thuan Hoa Commune 5 Mr Le Hong Phuong Chairman Fatherland Front, Tuyen Hoa District, Thuan Hoa Commune 6 Mr Nguyen Thanh Binh Secretary Socialist Party, Tuyen Hoa District, Thuan Hoa Commune 7 Mr Le Xuan Ky Vice Secretary Socialist Party, Tuyen Hoa District, Thuan Hoa Commune Beneficiary Meetings Focus Group Discussion Individual Household Visits Male Female 1 male, 1 female 3 6

Tuyen Hoa District - Phoung Hoa Commune No Name Position Agency 1 Tran Thanh Huong Vice chairman People‟s Committee – Tuyen Hoa district, Phong Hoa commune 2 Nguyen Huu Phuong Vice chairman People‟s Council - Tuyen Hoa district, Phong Hoa commune 3 Ho Van Dieu Chairman Father Land Front – Tuyen Hoa district, Phong Hoa commune 4 Truong Xuan Ai Social Policy Staff Father Land Front – Tuyen Hoa district, Phong Hoa commune 5 Tran Xuan yen Chairman Red Cross – Tuyen Hoa district, Phong Hoa commune 6 Ho Xuan Khuoc Vice chairman Red Cross – Tuyen Hoa district, Phong Hoa commune 7 Truong Xuan Ai Social Policy Staff Phong Hoa commune Father Land Front– Tuyen Hoa district Beneficiary Meetings Focus Group Discussion Individual Household Visits Male Female 2 persons 4 7

Australian Red Cross Vietnam Monitoring Trip, 22 March - 6 April 2011 27

Ha Tinh

Ha Tinh province No Name Position Agency 1 Le Tap Vice chairman Ha Tinh Provincial Red Cross 2 Le Viet Ngu Deputy Chief Ha Tinh Provincial Red Cross, Administration Office 3 Nguyen Dinh Toan Chief Ha Tinh Provincial Red Cross, Section of Healthcare 4 Lam Ngoc Thinh Ha Tinh Father Land Front, Section of Movement

Duc Tho District - Tung Anh Commune No Name Position Agency 1 Phan Tien Dung Chairman People‟s Committee – Duc Tho District, Tung Chairman Anh Commune 2 Phan Van An Chairman Father Land Front – Duc Tho District, Tung Vice Chairman Anh Commune 3 Nguyen Ngoc Hao Vice Chairman Red Cross, Duc Tho District Beneficiary Meetings Focus Group Discussion Individual Household Visits Male Female 3 persons 0 8

Duc Tho District - Duc Dong Commune No Name Position Agency 1 Tran Tri Tinh Vice Chairman People‟s Committee – Duc Tho District, Duc Dong Commune 23 Hoang Khoan Chairman Father Land Front – Duc Tho District, Duc Dong Commune 3 Bui Ngoc Lan Vice Chairman People‟s Council – Duc Tho District, Duc Dong Commune 4 Le Hoai Vice Chairman Red Cross – Duc Tho District, Duc Dong Commune Beneficiary Meetings Focus Group Discussion Individual Household Visits Male Female 2 persons 4 3

Duc Tho District - Lien Minh Commune No Name Position Agency 1 Luu Dinh Khuong Chairman People‟s Committee – Duc Tho District, Lien Minh Commune 2 Nguyen Quoc Hoat Vice Chairman People‟s Committee – Duc Tho District, Lien Minh Commune 3 Nguyen Xuan Thuy Chairman Father Land Front – Duc Tho District, Lien Minh Commune 4 Le Quoc Hung Vice Chairman Red Cross – Duc Tho District, Lien Minh Commune Beneficiary Meetings Focus Group Discussion Individual Household Visits Male Female 2 persons 3 8

Australian Red Cross Vietnam Monitoring Trip, 22 March - 6 April 2011 28 Huong Son District - Son My Commune No Name Position Agency 1 Ho Van Than Chairman People‟s Committee – Huong Son District – Son My Commune

Chairman Red Cross – Huong Son District, Son My Commune 2 Nguyen Minh Tuyen Secretary Commune Communist Party, Huong Son District, Son My Commune 3 Nguyen Hong Quan Deputy Secretary Commune Communist Party, Huong Son District, Son My Commune 4 Pham Quoc Truong Vice Chairman People‟s Council, Huong Son District, Son My Commune 5 Pham Dinh Vice Chairman People‟s Council, Huong Son District, Son My Commune 6 Nguyen Truong Than Chief People‟s Council, Administration Unit, Huong Son District, Son My Commune 7 Nguyen Thi Minh Vice Chairman Father Land Front, Huong Son District, Son My Commune 8 Nguyen Dinh Thanh Chairman Red Cross Son My Commune Beneficiary Meetings Focus Group Discussion Individual Household Visits Male Female 2 males 5 7

Huong Son District - Son Tra Commune No Name Position Agency 1 Nguyen Van Hoa Chairman People‟s Committee, Huong Son District, Son Tra Commune 2 Pham Dinh Quang Deputy Secretary Communist Party, Huong Son District, Son Tra Commune 3 Le Khac Toan Vice Chairman People‟s Council, Huong Son District, Son Tra Commune 4 Le Van Bang Vice Chairman People‟s Committee, Huong Son District, Son Tra Commune 5 Nguyen Dinh Lan Chairman Father Land Front, Huong Son District, Son Tra Commune 6 Le Cong Minh Chairman Veteran‟s Union, Huong Son District, Son Tra Commune 7 Nguyen Thi Loan Chairman Women‟s Union, Huong Son District, Son Tra Commune 8 Ho Huu Huan Chairman Red Cross, Huong Son District, Son Tra Commune Beneficiary Meetings Focus Group Discussion Individual Household Visits Male Female 2 males 2 4

Huong Son District - Son Thinh Commune No Name Position Agency 1 Le Van Hau Vice Chairman Father Land Front, Huong Son District, Son Thinh Commune 2 Tran Viet Anh Vice Chairman Red Cross, Huong Son District, Son Thinh Commune 3 Nguyen Huu Dong Secretary Commune Communist Party, Huong Son District, Son Thinh Commune 4 Le Van Cuong Chairman People‟s Committee, Huong Son District, Son Thinh Commune Beneficiary Meetings Focus Group Discussion Individual Household Visits Male Female 0 3 6

Australian Red Cross Vietnam Monitoring Trip, 22 March - 6 April 2011 29 Annex G: Translation of the Government Beneficiary Criteria for the Floods in October 2010 (Ha Tinh Province)

Government Beneficiary Criteria Every province received guidance from the Vietnamese Central government and then made their own criteria. The document outlines some general principles about how it‟s important to target the correct beneficiary. It also outlines that the process should be fair, transparent and democratic. To also states that the funds cannot be collected by the community and then shared equally amongst households, i.e., it is for individual households only.

Priority Group A – Damage to human, house and reimbursement of Relief Costs Provision of cash support for the following:  Households who had someone who died during the flood - 6 million VND per death  Households who had someone suffer a serious injury – 2 million VND per person  Households with damage at level of 80% or more – 10 -12 million VND  Households with damage at 50% - 80% – 5 -7 million VND  Households with damage at 30% - 50% – 4 million VND  Households with damage at less than 20% - need to access support from other funding. Reimbursement funds to those organisations/individuals who helped in the Relief phase:  Petrol/gasoline costs for hiring trucks, boats for saving the people – costs will be reimbursed with the appropriate receipts.  Purchase of food/water – for immediate life saving support during the relief phase  Fee for the volunteer team to help the people during flooding Loss of Food reserves:  Households who lost 100% of their food reserves will receive 15 kg rice per person per month for 3 months  Households who partially lost their food reserves are deferred to the Commune Committee for decision, and if accepted for support will receive 15 kg rice per person per month for 1-2 months Priority Group B: Support in Seedlings/Animal for Production Recovery Damaged Crops  Households who had corn, sweet potato and vegetable crops destroyed will receive 100% of new seedlings provided to ensure the timely distribution of the crop production.  Households who had rice crops destroyed at 70% or more will receive 1 million VND per hectare.  Households who had rice crops destroyed at 30-70% will receive 500,000 VND per hectare.  Household which had other farming land that was damaged by the flood need to submit their individual case to the district for consideration. Livestock  Loss of Cattle and poultry – 2 million VND per individual cow. Loss of Deer – 1 million VND  Female Pigs (for breeding) – 10 mother pigs or more – 700,000 VND per pig. Pigs for consumption - 100 pigs or more – 300,000 VND for each pig. The total amount cannot exceed 30 million VND.  Poultry – 300 poultry (eggs) or 500 poultry for consumption – 12,000 per poultry – not exceed 10 million VND  Fishery – total area of 2 hectare or more of aquaculture with 70% or more damage will get 3 million per hectare, but not exceed 10 million VND. Priority Group C: Support for infrastructure – e.g. school, clinic, small road, bridges For support to infrastructure, each request will be looked at individually by the commune and district, and will be supported based on the budget available. In allocation of support, the priority should be given to the groups - Priority A, followed by Priority B and lastly the Priority C group. Process At the village: households will self check and summarise the damage and send to the village leader. The village leader, together with other leaders will visit households to check the damage. Next a village meeting will be held, and the ranking of the households based on the categories will occur. This will lead to the recommendation of suitable support per household. The management board of the village will then sign the list and send to the commune. At the commune: After receiving request from village, the commune will check the lists with a commune level Committee. They will collate all the beneficiary lists from all the villages and then submit to the district level. They will also check that households applying for assistance have not already received support from other organisations. They will organise the distribution of relief goods with all necessary documents and procedures. At district: The district will organise a team to check the damage. They will also approve the distribution lists for relief goods and cash. If the amount allocated for this support is underspent, the district level should report to the provincial level for further advice. At distribution time, they will monitor the implementation at the commune level. The district authority will let the people know about the decisions related to allocations.

Australian Red Cross Vietnam Monitoring Trip, 22 March - 6 April 2011 30