Wishing Pakistan a Happy National Day and Future Prosperity
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
The-Story-Of-Ancient-Indian-People
The Story Of The Ancient Indus People Mohenjo-daro - Harappa Yussouf Shaheen Culture and Tourism Department, Government of Sindh, Karachi All Rights Reserved Book’S name: The Story of the Ancient Indus People Mohenjo Daro-Harappa Writer: Yussouf Shaheen TitleL Danish Khan Layout: Imtiaz Ali Ansari Publisher: Culture and Tourism Department, Government of Sindh, Karachi Printer: New Indus Printing Press sukkur Price: Rs.700/- Can be had from Culture, Tourism, and Antiquities Department Book shop opposite MPA Hostel Sir Ghulam Hussain Hidaytullah Road Karachi-74400 Phone 021-99206073 Yussouf Shaheen The Story Of The Ancient Indus People Mohenjo-daro - Harappa Books authored by Yussouf Shaheen: Rise and Fall of Sanskrit Fall of Native Languages of the Americas Slave Nations Under British Monarchs Artificial Borders of the World Rise and Fall of gods – In Historical Perspective William the Bastard and his descendants World Confederation of the Peoples The World of Conquerors Truth Untold Seven other books in Sindhi and Urdu In the memory of my friend Abdul Karim Baloch A TV icon fully reflecting the greatness and wisdom of Mohenjo-daro and blessed with the enduring perception of a Weapon-Free Society created in the Indus Valley Civilization. © Yussouf Shaheen 2018 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical photocopying recording or otherwise , without the prior permission of the publisher. This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, re-sold hired out or otherwise circulated without the publisher’s prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser. -
JBES-Vol9no2-P183-19
J. Bio. &Env. Sci. 2016 Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences (JBES) ISSN: 2220-6663 (Print) 2222-3045 (Online) Vol. 9, No. 2, p. 183-190, 2016 http://www.innspub.net RESEARCH PAPER OPEN ACCESS Evaluation of timber and fuel wood consumption and its impact on vegetation cover in northern parts of Pakistan. Murad Ali*, Hazrat Sher, Siraj Ahmad, Eizat Wadan, Murad Ali Department of Botany, Govt: PG Jahanzeb College, Saidu Sharif Swat, Pakistan Article published on August 31, 2016 Key words: Cedrus deodara, Fuel wood, Timber wood, Rapid wood cutting, Hindukush range Abstract The present study aims to investigate the deforestation and effects of floods on various plants in Northern parts of Pakistan. Data was collected from the local people. The data shows that due to drastic and rapid cutting of trees is the major cause of deforestation. The data were recorded in the form of questioner after that, the recorded data were analyzed by SPSS (Statistical programmed for social sciences) software. The trees are ruthlessly cut for burning, timber and furniture purposes. The highest ratio of cutting trees is for burning purposes. Cedrus deodara, Querqus dialata, Betulla utillus, Juglans regia, Picea smithiana, Pinus willichaina. Land sliding and floods are the second highest reason of deforestation. The deforestation also affects the growth of other plant species as its ground flora. The shade and moisture loving plants (Sciophytes) disappear due to deforestation while the halophytes dominate the cleared area. Due to anthropogenic activity and rapid cutting of valuable species of the area affect the climatic condition of the site. *Corresponding Author: Murad Ali [email protected] 183 | Ali et al. -
18Cboes of Tbe Lpast.'
J R Army Med Corps: first published as 10.1136/jramc-59-03-08 on 1 September 1932. Downloaded from G. A. Kempthorne 217 effect of albumin is rememberep.. 'l'hus, where a complete method of steam sterilization by downward displacement cannot be used, the method of first washing in hot water, and then leaving the utensils to stand in ' potassium permanganate 1 in 1000 solution is recommended. Irieffective methods of sterilization are dangerous, in that they give a false sense of security. A,considerable number of experiments were done in the Pat-hological Department of Trinity College, Dublin; and my thanks are due to Professor J. W. Bigger, who gave me the facilities for carrying them out, and for many helpful suggestions. I should also like to thank Dr. G. C. Dockery and Dr. L. L. Griffiths for their advice.. and help . 18cboes of tbe lPast.' THE SECOND AFGHAN WAR., 1878-1879. guest. Protected by copyright. By LIEUTENANT·COLONEL G. A. KEMPTHORNE, D.S.O., Royal Army Medical Corps (R.P.). THE immediate cause of the Afghan Wars ofl878-1880 was the reception of a Russian Mission at Kabul and the refusal of the AmiI', Shere Ali, to admit a British one. War was declared in November, 1878, when three columns crossed into Afghanistan by way of the Khyber, the Kuram Valley, and the Khojak Pass respectively. The first column consisted of 10,000 British and Indian troops under Sir Samuel Browne, forming a division; the Kuram force, under Sir Frederick Roberts, was 5,500 strong; Sir Donald Stewart, operating through Quetta, bad a division equal to tbe first. -
Buffer Zone, Colonial Enclave, Or Urban Hub?
Working Paper no. 69 - Cities and Fragile States - BUFFER ZONE, COLONIAL ENCLAVE OR URBAN HUB? QUETTA :BETWEEN FOUR REGIONS AND TWO WARS Haris Gazdar, Sobia Ahmad Kaker, Irfan Khan Collective for Social Science Research February 2010 Crisis States Working Papers Series No.2 ISSN 1749-1797 (print) ISSN 1749-1800 (online) Copyright © H. Gazdar, S. Ahmad Kaker, I. Khan, 2010 24 Crisis States Working Paper Buffer Zone, Colonial Enclave or Urban Hub? Quetta: Between Four Regions and Two Wars Haris Gazdar, Sobia Ahmad Kaker and Irfan Khan Collective for Social Science Research, Karachi, Pakistan Quetta is a city with many identities. It is the provincial capital and the main urban centre of Balochistan, the largest but least populous of Pakistan’s four provinces. Since around 2003, Balochistan’s uneasy relationship with the federal state has been manifested in the form of an insurgency in the ethnic Baloch areas of the province. Within Balochistan, Quetta is the main shared space as well as a point of rivalry between the two dominant ethnic groups of the province: the Baloch and the Pashtun.1 Quite separately from the internal politics of Balochistan, Quetta has acquired global significance as an alleged logistic base for both sides in the war in Afghanistan. This paper seeks to examine different facets of Quetta – buffer zone, colonial enclave and urban hub − in order to understand the city’s significance for state building in Pakistan. State-building policy literature defines well functioning states as those that provide security for their citizens, protect property rights and provide public goods. States are also instruments of repression and the state-building process is often wrought with conflict and the violent suppression of rival ethnic and religious identities, and the imposition of extractive economic arrangements (Jones and Chandaran 2008). -
District Development B
District Development B o P R O F I L E l a n 2 0 1 1 - D i s t Kachhi r i c t D e v e l o p m e n t P r o f i l e 2 0 1 0 Planning & Development Department United Nations Children’s Fund Government of Balochistan, Quetta Provincial Office Balochistan, Quetta Planning & Development Department, Government of Balochistan in Collaboration with UNICEF District Development P R O F I L E 2 0 1 1 K a c h h i Prepared by Planning & Development Department, Government of Balochistan, Quetta in Collaboration with United Nations Children’s Fund Provincial Office Balochistan, Quetta July 18, 2011 Message Foreword In this age of knowledge economy, reliance on every possible tool The Balochistan District Development Profiles 2010 is a landmark exercise of Planning and available for decision making is crucial for improving public resource Development Department, Government of Balochistan, to update the district profile data management, brining parity in resource distribution and maximizing that was first compiled in 1998. The profiles have been updated to provide a concise impact of development interventions. These District Development landmark intended for development planning, monitoring and management purposes. Profiles are vivid views of Balochistan in key development areas. The These districts profiles would be serving as a tool for experts, development practitioners Planning and Development Department, Government of Balochistan and decision-makers/specialists by giving them vast information wrapping more than 18 is highly thankful to UNICEF Balochistan for the technical and dimensions from Balochistans' advancement extent. -
Physical Geography of the Punjab
19 Gosal: Physical Geography of Punjab Physical Geography of the Punjab G. S. Gosal Formerly Professor of Geography, Punjab University, Chandigarh ________________________________________________________________ Located in the northwestern part of the Indian sub-continent, the Punjab served as a bridge between the east, the middle east, and central Asia assigning it considerable regional importance. The region is enclosed between the Himalayas in the north and the Rajputana desert in the south, and its rich alluvial plain is composed of silt deposited by the rivers - Satluj, Beas, Ravi, Chanab and Jhelam. The paper provides a detailed description of Punjab’s physical landscape and its general climatic conditions which created its history and culture and made it the bread basket of the subcontinent. ________________________________________________________________ Introduction Herodotus, an ancient Greek scholar, who lived from 484 BCE to 425 BCE, was often referred to as the ‘father of history’, the ‘father of ethnography’, and a great scholar of geography of his time. Some 2500 years ago he made a classic statement: ‘All history should be studied geographically, and all geography historically’. In this statement Herodotus was essentially emphasizing the inseparability of time and space, and a close relationship between history and geography. After all, historical events do not take place in the air, their base is always the earth. For a proper understanding of history, therefore, the base, that is the earth, must be known closely. The physical earth and the man living on it in their full, multi-dimensional relationships constitute the reality of the earth. There is no doubt that human ingenuity, innovations, technological capabilities, and aspirations are very potent factors in shaping and reshaping places and regions, as also in giving rise to new events, but the physical environmental base has its own role to play. -
Conservation Status Assessment of Native Vascular Flora of Kalam Valley, Swat District, Northern Pakistan
Vol. 10(11), pp. 453-470, November 2018 DOI: 10.5897/IJBC2018.1211 Article Number: 44D405259203 ISSN: 2141-243X Copyright ©2018 International Journal of Biodiversity and Author(s) retain the copyright of this article http://www.academicjournals.org/IJBC Conservation Full Length Research Paper Conservation status assessment of native vascular flora of Kalam Valley, Swat District, Northern Pakistan Bakht Nawab1*, Jan Alam2, Haider Ali3, Manzoor Hussain2, Mujtaba Shah2, Siraj Ahmad1, Abbas Hussain Shah4 and Azhar Mehmood5 1Government Post Graduate Jahanzeb College, Saidu Sharif Swat Khyber Pukhtoonkhwa, Pakistan. 2Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra Khyber Pukhtoonkhwa, Pakistan. 3Department of Botany, University of Swat Khyber Pukhtoonkhwa, Pakistan. 4Government Post Graduate College, Mansehra Khyber Pukhtoonkhwa, Pakistan. 5Government Post Graduate College, Mandian Abotabad Khyber Pukhtoonkhwa, Pakistan. Received 14 July, 2018; Accepted 9 October, 2018 In the present study, conservation status of important vascular flora found in Kalam valley was assessed. Kalam Valley represents the extreme northern part of Swat District in KPK Province of Pakistan. The valley contains some of the precious medicinal plants. 245 plant species which were assessed for conservation studies revealed that 10.20% (25 species) were found to be endangered, 28.16% (69 species) appeared to be vulnerable. Similarly, 50.6% (124 species) were rare, 8.16% (20 species) were infrequent and 2.9% (7 species) were recognized as dominant. It was concluded that Kalam Valley inhabits most important plants majority of which are used in medicines; but due to anthropogenic activities including unplanned tourism, deforestation, uprooting of medicinal plants and over grazing, majority of these plant species are rapidly heading towards regional extinction in the near future. -
Comparing Camels in Afghanistan and Australia: Industry and Nationalism During the Long Nineteenth Century
Comparing camels in Afghanistan and Australia: Industry and nationalism during the Long Nineteenth Century Shah Mahmoud Hanifi [James Madison University, Virginia, USA] Abstract: This paper compares the roles of camels and their handlers in state building projects in Afghanistan and Australia during the global ascendance of industrial production. Beginning in the mid-1880s the Afghan state-sponsored industrial project known as the mashin khana or Kabul workshops had significant consequences for camel-based commercial transport in and between Afghanistan and colonial India. Primary effects include the carriage of new commodities, new forms of financing and taxation, re- routing, and markedly increased state surveillance over camel caravans. In Australia the trans-continental railway and telegraph, and other projects involving intra-continental exploration and mining, generated a series of in-migrations of Afghan camels and cameleers between the 1830s and 1890s. The port of Adelaide was the urban center most affected by Afghan camels and cameleers, and a set of new interior markets and settlements originate from these in-migrations. The contributions of Afghan camels and their handlers to state-building projects in nineteenth-century Afghanistan and Australia highlight their vital roles in helping to establish industrial enterprises, and the equally important point that once operational these industrial projects became agents in the economic marginalization of camels and the social stigmatization of the human labour associated with them. __________________________________________________________________ Introduction: camels, political economy and national identities The movement of camels through the Hindu Kush mountain passes was greatly transformed beginning in 1893. That year the Durrani Amir of Kabul Abd al-Rahman signed an agreement with the British Indian colonial official Sir Henry Mortimer Durand acknowledging there would be formal demarcation of the border between their respective vastly unequal powers, one being a patron and the other a client. -
Ancient Regions, New Frontier the Prehistory of the Durand Line in Baluchistan
Internationales Asienforum, Vol. 44 (2013), No. 1–2, pp. 7–24 Ancient Regions, New Frontier The Prehistory of the Durand Line in Baluchistan JAKOB RÖSEL* Abstract The prehistory of the Durand Line is complicated, involving new forms of tribal al- legiance-building, tribal and localised state-building and, finally, regional empire- building. A new tribal as well as mercantile religion and civilisation, Islam, gave rise to new patterns of trade and a new crossroads and commercial centre: Kalat. With the decline of the Mughals a Kalat state based on a local dynasty and two tribal fed- erations emerged as a semi-independent state. The British Empire ultimately strength- ened and enlarged, balanced and controlled this tribal and regional state. Thanks to the British the Khan of Kalat controlled most of present-day Baluchistan. From the 1870s the construction of this imperial state served new geostrategic designs: the Khan of Kalat conceded control over the Bolan Pass as well as Quetta to the British Empire. It was this imperial bridgehead, called British Baluchistan, which served as the cornerstone for a forward border policy and, ultimately, the Durand Line. Keywords Frontiers, imperialism, British India, Baluchistan, Durand Line Introduction A frontier, border or boundary can have various forms and functions. The actual artefact is only the empirical, spatial manifestation of versatile social or political, cultural or economic intentions, designs or strategies. Borders serve an offensive or defensive function. They are inclusive or exclusive. They can operate as the exoskeleton of an emerging state. They can either create or fail to create and demarcate ethnic loyalties or political identities. -
Mehrgarh Neolithic
Paper presented in the International Seminar on the "First Farmers in Global Perspective', Lucknow, India, 18-20 January, 2006 Mehrgarh Neolithic Jean-Fran¸ois Jarrige From 1975 to 1985, the French Archaeological had already provided a summary of the main results Mission, in collaboration with the Department of brought by the excavations conducted from 1977 Archaeology of Pakistan, has conducted excavations to 1985 in the Neolithic sector of Mehrgarh. in a wide archaeological area near to the modern From 1985 to 1996, the excavations at Mehrgarh village of Mehrgarh in Balochistan at the foot of the were stopped and the French Mission undertook the Bolan Pass, one of the major communication routes excavation of a mound close to the village of between the Iranian Plateau, Central Asia and the Nausharo, 6 miles South of Mehrgarh. This excavation Indus Valley. showed clearly that the mound of Nausharo had Mehrgarh is located in the Bolan Basin, in the north- been occupied from 3000 to 2000 BC. After a western part of the Kachi-Bolan plain, a great alluvial Period I contemporary with Mehrgarh VI and VII, expanse that merges with the Indus Valley (Fig. 1). Periods II and III (c. 2500 to 2000 BC) at Nausharo The site itself is a vast area of about 300 hectares belong to the Indus (or Harappan) civilisation. covered with archaeological remains left by a Therefore the excavations at Nausharo allowed us to continuous sequence of occupations from the 8th to link in the Kachi-Bolan region, the Indus civilisation the 3rd millennium BC. to a continuous sequence of occupations starting from the aceramic Neolithic period. -
Kenoyer2004 Wheeled Vehicles of the Indus Valley Civilization.Pdf
1 Kenoyer, J. M. 2004 Die KalTen der InduskuItur Pakistans und Indiens (Wheeled Vehicles oftbe Indus Valley Civilization of Pakistan and India). In Bad unil Wagen: Der Ursprung einer Innovation Wagen im Vorderen Orient und Europa (Wheel and Wagon - origins ofan innovation), edited by M" Fansa and S. Burmeister, pp. 87-106. Mainz am Rhein, Verlagg Philipp von Zabem. Wheeled Vehicles of the Indus Valley Civilization of Pakistan and India. By Jonathan Mark Kenoyer University of Wisconsin- Madison Jan 7,2004 Introduction The Indus valley of northwestern South Asia has long been known as an important center for the emergence of cities and urban society during the mid third millennium Be. However, it is only in the last two decades that new and more detailed scientific excavations and analysis have begun to reveal the complex processes through which these urban centers emerged (Kenoyer 1998, 2003, Posseh12002). In this paper I will focus on the early use and gradual development of wheeled vehicles at the site of Harappa, Pakistan, in order to better understand the role of carts in this process of urban development. The earliest Neolithic communities that emerged along the edges of the Indus VaIley around 7000 Be do not reveal the use of wheeled vehicles Oarrige et al. 1995; Jarrige and Meadow 1980), but as sedentary farming communities became established out in the alluvial plain of the Indus river and its tributaries (Figure 1), more effective means of transporting heavy raw material would have been a major concern. In the alluvial plains that make up the core area of the later Indus civilization no rock is available exceptin the region around the Rohri Hills, Sindh. -
Oilseeds, Spices, Fruits and Flavour in the Indus Civilisation T J
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 24 (2019) 879–887 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jasrep Oilseeds, spices, fruits and flavour in the Indus Civilisation T J. Bates Joukowsky Institute for Archaeology and the Ancient World, Brown University, United States of America ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: The exploitation of plant resources was an important part of the economic and social strategies of the people of South Asia the Indus Civilisation (c. 3200–1500 BCE). Research has focused mainly on staples such as cereals and pulses, for Prehistoric agriculture understanding these strategies with regards to agricultural systems and reconstructions of diet, with some re- Archaeobotany ference to ‘weeds’ for crop processing models. Other plants that appear less frequently in the archaeobotanical Indus Civilisation record have often received variable degrees of attention and interpretation. This paper reviews the primary Cropping strategies literature and comments on the frequency with which non-staple food plants appear at Indus sites. It argues that Food this provides an avenue for Indus archaeobotany to continue its ongoing development of models that move beyond agriculture and diet to think about how people considered these plants as part of their daily life, with caveats regarding taphonomy and culturally-contextual notions of function. 1. Introduction 2. Traditions in Indus archaeobotany By 2500 BCE the largest Old World Bronze Age civilisation had There is a long tradition of Indus archaeobotany. As summarised in spread across nearly 1 million km2 in what is now Pakistan and north- Fuller (2002) it can be divided into three phases: ‘consulting palaeo- west India (Fig.