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Anaphalis Javanica) Di Gunung Burni Telong Bener Meriah Density Edelweis (Anaphalis Javanica) in Mountain Burni Telong Bener Meriah

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Anaphalis Javanica) Di Gunung Burni Telong Bener Meriah Density Edelweis (Anaphalis Javanica) in Mountain Burni Telong Bener Meriah Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Unsyiah Vol 2, No 1 (2017); Pebruari 2017 Kerapatan Edelweis (Anaphalis javanica) Di Gunung Burni Telong Bener Meriah Density Edelweis (Anaphalis javanica) In Mountain Burni Telong Bener Meriah Milda Gemasih (1), Djufri (2), Supriatno (3) (1) Mahasiswa, (2) Pembimbing I, (3) Pembimbing II Jurusan Pendidikan Biologi, Fkip Universitas Syiah Kuala Abstrak Gunung Burni Telong merupakan satu diantara gunung-gunung di Indonesia yang merupakan habitat edelweis (Anaphalis javanica). Keberadaan edelweis di gunung Burni Telong pada beberapa tahun terakhir mulai terancam kelestariannya karena perambahan oleh pendaki gunung. Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka perlu dilakukan penelitian tentang kerapatan tumbuhan edelweis di gunung Burni Telong Bener Meriah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kerapatan tumbuhan Anaphalis javanica di gunung Burni Telong Bener Meriah serta mengetahui factor abiotik yang mempengaruhi kerapatan tumbuhan edelweis tersebut. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Gunung Burni Telong Bener Meriah pada bulan juli 2016. Penelitia ini bersifat deskriftif kuantitatif. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan membagi 3 stasiun berdasarkan ketinggian yang berbeda dengan membuat tiga plot sampling berukuran 2m x 2m dengan tiga kali ulangan. Faktor lingkungan yang diamati meliputi suhu udara, cahaya, kelembaban udara, dan kecepatan angin. Hasil penelitian menemukan 1.435 edelweis/ha. Semua variabel independen (suhu, cahaya, kelembaban dan kecepatan angin) tidak mempunyai korelasi yang erat terhadap variabel bebas (kerapatan edelweis (Anaphalis javanica) di Gunung Burni Telong Bener Meriah. Kata kunci: Kerapatan, Edelweis (Anaphalis javanica), Gunung Burni Telong Abstract Burni TelongMountain is among the mountains in Indonesia, which is the habitat of edelweiss (Anaphalis javanica). The existence of edelweiss in the Burni Telong mountains in recent years begun endangered because of encroachment by mountaineers. Based on this it is necessary to research on edelweis plant density in Burni Telong mountain. This study aims to determine the density of plants Anaphalis javanica in Burni Telong mountain highlands and to know abiotic factors affecting the edelweiss plant density. This research was conducted at Burni Telong Mountain in July 2016. The Advanced Research is descriptive quantitative. Sampling is done by dividing the three stations by different heights by making three sampling plots measuring 2m x 2m with three replications. Environmental factors observed include air temperature, light, humidity, and wind speed. The study found 1,435 edelweis/ha. All independent variables (temperature, light, humidity and 8 Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Unsyiah Vol 2, No 1 (2017); Pebruari 2017 wind speed) did not correlate closely to the independent variables (density edelweiss (Anaphalis javanica) in Burni Telong Mountain. Keywords: Density, Edelweiss (Anaphalis javanica), Burni Telong Mountain PENDAHULUAN Burni Telong adalah Gunung merupakan sumber makanan bagi yang terletak di Kabupaten Bener serangga-serangga tertentu. Keadaan Meriah dan telah menjadi ciri khas dari kering bunganya tahan lama dan Kabupaten tersebut. Burni Telong menimbulkan bau yang khas (Suseno, merupakan Gunung berapi aktif dan 1990). Tumbuhan ini hidup pada pernah meletus pada tanggal 7 ketinggian 1600 sampai 3600 meter dari Desember 1924 menyebabkan permukaan laut (Van Leeuwen, 1933). kerusakan hebat lingkungan sekitarnya Bersifat intoleran, dan dapat hidup pada termasuk lahan pertanian dan tanah yang miskin unsure hara. Akarnya perkampungan. Gunung Burni Telong muncul dipermukaan tanah, merupakan yang dalam Bahasa Indonesia diartikan tempat hidup cendawan tertentu yang dengan gunung yang terbakar, berada membentuk mikoriza (Wahyudi, 2010). diketinggian 2624 meter di atas Mikoriza secara efektif dapat permukaan laut, dengan rentang memperluas kawasan yang dijangkau ketinggian yang begitu lebar oleh akar-akar dan meningkatkan memungkinkan kawasan ini memiliki efisiensi dalam mencari zat hara. keragaman hayati yang cukup tinggi Mengingat banyaknya manfaat dengan karakter vegetasi yang khas edelweis, maka keberadaannya perlu dataran tinggi basah antara lain bunga diperhitungkan. Sebab jika edelweiss abadi (Edelweis), kantung semar, pinus punah maka ada dampak ekologis yang dan kopi (Putri, 2015). Mengingat terjadi, terutama di daerah pegunungan. fungsi ekologisnya yang besar maka Salah satunya dampak terjadinya erosi hampir seluruh kawasan gunung ini dan tanah longsor, serta kondisi tanah di ditetapkan sebagai kawasan konservasi. daerah pegunungan yang minim Keindahan yang luar biasa yang edelweiss akan mempengaruhi dapat dinikmati di puncak gunung Burni perkembangan pada tumbuhan lain, Telong membuat banyak pencinta alam karena keberadaan bunga edelweiss tertarik untuk mendaki gunung tersebut. dengan aroma semerbak mengundang Pendaki biasanya mencapai gunung ratusan jenis serangga untuk menikmati Burni Telong melewati jalur edelweis. madunya, serangga yang mati di sekitar Dinamakan jalur edelweis karena edelweiss menjadi pupuk organik yang disepanjang jalur itu ditumbuhi bunga ikut menyuburkan tanah. edelweis yang dipercayai sebagai bunga Informasi ilmiah tentang abadi. Gunung Burni Telong telah luas distribusi dan kerapatan edelweis di dikenal masyarakat bahkan sampai gunung Burni Telong belum banyak negara tetangga (Malaysia), salah satu terungkap, sementara itu pengambilan tumbuhan khas yang terdapat di gunung secara ilegal oleh pendaki gunung Burni Telong adalah edelweis. meningkat setiap tahunnya. Oleh karena Edelweis mempunyai manfaat itu penelitian tentang kerapatan ekologis yang tinggi, bunganya tumbuhan edelweis di gunung Burni 9 Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Unsyiah Vol 2, No 1 (2017); Pebruari 2017 Telong Bener Meriah perlu dilakukan. Kerapatan Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kerapatan tumbuhan Untuk mengetahui kerapatan Anaphalis javanica di gunung Burni edelweis dipergunakan rumus sebagai Telong Bener Meriah serta mengetahui berikut: factor abiotik yang mempengaruhi kerapatan tumbuhan edelweis tersebut. ∑퐸푑푒푙푤푒푖푠 퐷 = METODE PENELITIAN 퐿푢푎푠 퐴푟푒푎 Penelitian ini menggunakan HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN metode deskriptip kuantitatif yang Kerapatan Edelweis (A.javanica) mendeskripsikan tentang pola sebaran, kerapatan edelweis (Anaphalis Tabel 4.1 Kerapatan esdelweis javanica) serta faktor-faktor lingkungan Jumlah Luas Kerapatan yang mempengaruhi jumlah edelweis. area (Jumlah Edelweis/ha) Alat dan bahan 775 0,54 1.435 Alat yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah GPS, Thermometer Berdasarkan tabel 4.1 (Suhu), Higrometer (Kelembaban menunjukkan bahwa hasil perhitungan tanah/udara), Anemometer (Kecepatan kerapatan edelweis menggunakan angin), Lux Meter, Meteran, Talirapia, rumus (Kerapatan = jumlah Kamera dan Alat tulis. edelweis/luas area) didapatkan nilai kerapatan edelweis 1.435 edelweis/ha. Prosedur penelitian Gunung Burni Telong memiliki Kerapatan Edelweis ketinggian 2600 m dpl. Penelitian ini Kerapatan edelweis di gunung dilakukan di lereng gunung Burni Burni Telong Bener Meriah terdapat Telong mulai dari ketinggian 1800 m jumlah edelweis 1.435 edelweis/ha dpl sampai ketinggian 2600 m dpl. (tabel 4.1). Berdasarkan kurva Penelitian dilakukan dengan 3 pengamatan dapat diketahui bahwa stasiun dengan ketinggian yang berbeda edelweis banyak ditemukan di plot 2 yaitu stasiun 1 pada ketinggian 1800 m pada ketinggian 2259 ulangan ke-2 dpl, stasiun 2 pada ketinggian 2100 m yaitu 103 edelweis. Edelweis yang dpl, dan stasiun 3 pada ketinggian 2400 paling sedikit ditemukan yaitu pada m dpl. Pengambilan data dilakukan ketinggian 2135 ulangan 1. Edelweis dengan membuat tiga plot sampling banyak ditemukan di daerah terbuka dan berukuran2m x 2m dengantiga kali pada lereng-lereng gunung menurut ulangan. Aliadi (1990) habitat edelweis adalah daerah lereng-lereng dengan topografi datar dan Steenis (1993) dalam Aliadi (1990) mengemukakan bahwa edelweis dapat tumbuh pada daerah perbatasan antara hutan dan daerah terbuka, karena kebutuhan yang paling penting dari 1.1 Analisis Data 10 Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Unsyiah Vol 2, No 1 (2017); Pebruari 2017 tumbuhan ini adalah cahaya. Telah penutup kantong bagian bawah agak dibuktikan dalam penelitian ini bundar. Ukuran kantongnya berkisar edelweis baru dapat ditemukan setelah antara 20-25 cm. Habitatnya hutan melewati hutan. Tumbuhan edelweis pegunungan. Sedangkan kantognya banyak ditemukan dijalur pendakian berwarna kuning kehijau-hijauan menuju puncak gunung Burni Telong. (Mansur, 2006). Edelweis banyak ditemukan di Pinus juga merupakan salah satu plot 2 yaitu pada ketinggian 2200 m dpl tumbuhan yang hidup di gunung Burni disebabkan karena pada daerah tersebut Telong. Hutan pinus disekitar gunung ditemukan unsur hara yang sangat Burni telong sering dimanfaatkan oleh cocok dengan pertumbuhan edelweis kelompok masyarakat setempat dengan berbeda dengan ketinggian sebelumnya mengambil getahnya dan kayunya maupun ketinggian setelahnya, sebagai bahan bakar pengganti minyak diketahui bahwa edelweis hidup di tanah. daerah yang terbuka. Hal ini dapat Dengan semakin berkembangnya dibuktikan edelweis tidak dapat hidup teknologi khusus dalam bidang didaerah yang banyak ditemukan pemanfaatan hasil hutan dalam hal ini tumbuhan seperti ilalang dan tumbuhan adalah hutan pinus, maka semakin besar lain yaitu pakis, tumbuhan tersebut pula kayu pinus yang dimanfaatkan oleh dapat menghalangi
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