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CO2 Vapormate Application Manual

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CO2 Vapormate Application Manual → VAPORMATE™ manual for fumigation VAPORMATE™ Manual for fumigation. 02 Contents Contents 03 Contents. 4 Important notice 11 5.5 Safety equipment 14 9. VAPORMATE efficacy 20 13. Monitoring equipment 11 5.5.1 Full-face respirator 14 9.1 Mode of action 20 13.1 Multi-gas detectors 5 1. Introduction 11 5.5.2 Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) 11 5.5.3 Gas detection systems 14 9.2 Commodities that can be fumigated 20 14. Monitoring frequency 5 2. Product stewardship 11 5.6 Material compatibility 15 9.3 Dose calculation 11 5.7 Public safety 21 15. Fumigation 6 3. Background 16 10. Residues 12 5.8 Personal safety 6 3.1 Ethyl formate 21 16. Preparing for ventilation 12 5.9 Confined spaces hazard 17 11. Application technology 6 3.2 VAPORMATE 13 5.10 Handling emergencies 17 11.1 Portable electric vaporiser (PEV) 22 17. Troubleshooting 7 4. Physical and chemical properties 13 5.11 Emergency procedures 17 11.2 Fans 22 17.1 Valves 17 11.3 Temperature control 22 17.2 Cylinder condition 8 5. Safety 13 6. Legal requirements 22 17.3 Failure to control the target pests 8 5.1 Toxicity 18 12. Fumigation preparation 14 7. Environment 22 17.4 Non-target organisms 9 5.1.1 Short term (acute) exposure 18 12.1 Risk assessment 9 5.1.2 Long term (chronic) exposure 9 5.1.3 First aid 14 8. Cylinder safety 18 12.2 Fumigation chamber 9 5.2 Flammability 14 8.1 Cylinder storage 18 12.3 Leak testing 10 5.2.1 Fire prevention 14 8.2 Cylinder transport 19 12.4 Monitoring hoses 10 5.2.2 Fire fighting 14 8.3 Cylinder leaks 19 12.5 Placarding and securing fumigated 10 5.3 Asphyxiation areas 11 5.4 Low temperatures 04 Important notice Introduction, product stewardship 05 Important notice. 1. Introduction. This manual for fumigation is intended for training For use by certified applicators using Linde-approved dispensing VAPORMATE has been developed by Linde as a post-harvest fumigant purposes only equipment. VAPORMATE dispensing equipment is designed for use with for use by certified applicators. VAPORMATE is a non-ozone depleting VAPORMATE fumigant only. fumigant with a favourable toxicological profile for use on general The purpose of this manual is to support the application of horticulture as well as commodities impacted by stored product pests. VAPORMATE™. This information is provided for guidance only. It is not Linde reserves all rights to the contents of this document. No part of the VAPORMATE has flammability properties which meet classification intended to replace the registered product label. Compliance with the document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted criteria as a flammable gas. product label is a legal requirement and failure comply so can result in in any form or by any means – electronic, photocopying, recording or prosecution. We make no warranties expressed or implied and assume otherwise – without the prior permission of Linde. no liability in connection with the use of this information. Users are responsible for ensuring full compliance with the applicable registered In case of emergency, call the customer service number on your local product label as this is a legally binding document. For further support label. please contact your local Linde supplier. Fumigant registration is country-specific. In the US, it is a violation of federal law to use this product in any manner inconsistent with its labelling. Read entire label 2. Product stewardship. before using this product. If the terms and conditions are unacceptable, return unopened container at once. Please refer to your local Linde representative for information on the registration status in your region. Linde is committed to Responsible Care® during the manufacture, distribution, handling, use and disposal of its products. This commitment includes auditing customers to ensure that they are set up to use the product safely and comply with the relevant regulatory requirements and standards. Supply of this product is subject to customer screening checks. Contact your local Linde representative for further details. 06 Background Physical and chemical properties 07 3. Background. 4. Physical and chemical properties. 3.1 Ethyl formate 3.2 VAPORMATE VAPORMATE has the following chemical properties: Ethyl formate is an ester formed when ethanol (an alcohol) reacts with Linde has developed VAPORMATE, which contains ethyl formate as the Appearance Colourless gas formic acid (a carboxylic acid). Ethyl formate has the characteristic smell active ingredient (16.7% by weight, 11% by volume) in liquid carbon Odour Fruity rum-like odour of rum and is also partially responsible for the flavour in many foods. dioxide. When dispensed, the liquid carbon dioxide reduces flammability Volatiles 100% Ethyl formate occurs naturally in soil, water, vegetation and a range of and acts as a vehicle to deliver the gaseous ethyl formate to the target Vapour density (air=1) Carbon dioxide 1.52; ethyl formate 2.6 raw and processed foods. pests. Melting point -78.5°C/–109.3°F (carbon dioxide sublimation point) Boiling point -78°C/–108.4°F (carbon dioxide); 54°C/129.2°F (ethyl formate) USFDA considers ethyl formate to be Generally Recognized As Safe Flammability VAPORMATE is classified as an extremely flammable gas due to ethyl formate, which is a (GRAS) under 21 CFR 184.1295 when used as a flavouring agent flammable liquid, and carbon dioxide, which is a liquefied gas and adjuvant as defined in 21 CFR 170.3(o). Maximum allowable Ingredient CAS No. Content (w/w) Liquid mixture in cylinder Withdrawn as a liquid and vaporised before application levels in foods, as served, are 0.05% (500 ppm) in baked goods, Ethyl formate 109-94-4 16.7% Solubility (in water) 0.759 cm³/cm³ (carbon dioxide) 0.04% (400 ppm) in chewing gum, hard candy and soft candy, 0.02% Carbon dioxide 124-38-9 83.3% Chemical structure Ethyl formate: HCOOC₂H₅ (200 ppm) in frozen dairy desserts, 0.03% (300 ppm) in gelatin puddings Carbon dioxide: 0=C=0 and 0.01% (100 ppm) in all other food categories. In Europe, the Joint VAPORMATE raises no long-term residual concerns for commodities as Chemical formula Ethyl formate: C₃H₆O₂ FAO/WHO Committee on Food Additives concludes that ethyl formate the ethyl formate is rapidly hydrolysed (broken down) into formic acid Carbon dioxide: CO₂ does not present a safety concern at current levels of intake (0–3 mg/ and alcohol. Ethyl formate is considered safe as a residue in food. Cylinder pressure (when full at 25°C/77°F) 6,300 kPa (CO₂ vapour pressure) kg per day) when used as a flavouring agent. Ethyl formate also meets Cylinder valve outlet AS 2473 type 40 side outlet the specifications of the “Food Chemicals Codex”. From the inhalation Residue trials were conducted on asparagus, cacao bean, navel orange Hazchem code 2YE exposure perspective, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration pulp, navel orange rind, nectarine, pineapple pulp, pineapple rind Dangerous goods 2.1 (OSHA) has established a PEL-TWA for ethyl formate of 100 ppm and table grapes. The commodities were fumigated for 4 hours at a UN number 3161 (300 mg/m³). fumigation level of either 387 g/m³ and at an exaggerated level of 774 g/m³. Samples were analysed for ethyl formate and its major Common food products containing endogenous ethyl formate include degradant formic acid prior to fumigation (0 hour) and 24 and 48 hours raspberries (2.0–2.3 ppm), cabbage (0.1–0.9 ppm) and butter following fumigation. (approximately 1 ppm). Background levels of formic acid were found in all commodities prior to Ethyl formate has an ADI of 3 mg/kg body weight/day, set by an expert fumigation. In general, formic acid levels seen 24 and 48 hours following See below for a typical VAPORMATE label. Please refer to your local label for the details specific to your region. panel of the World Health Organisation (WHO) during its periodic reviews fumigation at both concentrations were lower than those seen prior to 1 U.N. No. poison identification number 2 Customer service number 3 BOC gas code 4 Risks 5 Safety instructions 6 Product weight of food additives (JEFCA 1997). This means that a 60 kg person can fumigation. Ethyl formate was noted prior to fumigation in cacao bean, safely consume 180 mg ethyl formate per day over a lifetime without nectarine, pineapple pulp and table grapes. At 24 and 48 hours post any adverse effects. fumigation, ethyl formate was seen in cacao bean and pineapple pulp and at levels comparable to or less than those seen prior to fumigation. Ethyl formate is a fast acting, flammable liquid that has been traditionally Ethyl formate residue levels in other commodities were below the Limit S used for fumigation of dried fruit since the 1920s (Simmons and Fisher, of Detection (LOD=0.09 ppm). Y ample label ONL 1945) and for controlling major stored product insects in Australia (Hilton and Banks, 1997). These fumigation trials clearly show that ethyl formate residues will not be of concern in fumigated commodities. Even in the few commodities ample label ONL S Y in which ethyl formate was found, the levels were comparable to 1 background ethyl formate levels in those crops. 3 6 2 4 5 VAPORMATE neck label (sample). 08 Safety Safety 09 5. Safety. VAPORMATE is for use by certified applicators using Linde-approved 5.1 Toxicity 5.1.1 Short term (acute) exposure Eye contact vaporising blending equipment and people under their direct Inhalation Continuously flush eyes with clean water should irritation occur.
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