A-Governmental Coordination and Years’ Imprisonment Or a Fine Under This Law Are Not Cooperation in Vulnerable Southern Border Prov- Sufficiently Stringent
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Migrant Smuggling in Asia
Migrant Smuggling in Asia An Annotated Bibliography August 2012 2 Knowledge Product: !"#$%&'()!*##+"&#("&(%)"% An Annotated Bibliography Printed: Bangkok, August 2012 Authorship: United Nations O!ce on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) Copyright © 2012, UNODC e-ISBN: 978-974-680-330-4 "is publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-pro#t purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. UNODC would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from the United Nations O!ce on Drugs and Crime. Applications for such permission, with a statement of purpose and intent of the reproduction, should be addressed to UNODC, Regional Centre for East Asia and the Paci#c. Cover photo: Courtesy of OCRIEST Product Feedback: Comments on the report are welcome and can be sent to: Coordination and Analysis Unit (CAU) Regional Centre for East Asia and the Paci#c United Nations Building, 3 rd Floor Rajdamnern Nok Avenue Bangkok 10200, "ailand Fax: +66 2 281 2129 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.unodc.org/eastasiaandpaci#c/ UNODC gratefully acknowledges the #nancial contribution of the Government of Australia that enabled the research for and the production of this publication. Disclaimers: "is report has not been formally edited. "e contents of this publication do not necessarily re$ect the views or policies of UNODC and neither do they imply any endorsement. -
Emancipating Modern Slaves: the Challenges of Combating the Sex
Union College Union | Digital Works Honors Theses Student Work 6-2013 Emancipating Modern Slaves: The hC allenges of Combating the Sex Trade Rachel Mann Union College - Schenectady, NY Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalworks.union.edu/theses Part of the Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Commons, Inequality and Stratification Commons, and the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Mann, Rachel, "Emancipating Modern Slaves: The hC allenges of Combating the Sex Trade" (2013). Honors Theses. 700. https://digitalworks.union.edu/theses/700 This Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Work at Union | Digital Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of Union | Digital Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. EMANCIPATING MODERN SLAVES: THE CHALLENGES OF COMBATING THE SEX TRADE By Rachel J. Mann * * * * * * * * * Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Honors in the Department of Political Science UNION COLLEGE June, 2013 ABSTRACT MANN, RACHEL Emancipating Modern Slaves: The Challenges of Combating the Sex Trade, June 2013 ADVISOR: Thomas Lobe The trafficking and enslavement of women and children for sexual exploitation affects millions of victims in every region of the world. Sex trafficking operates as a business, where women are treated as commodities within a global market for sex. Traffickers profit from a supply of vulnerable women, international demand for sex slavery, and a viable means of transporting victims. Globalization and the expansion of free market capitalism have increased these factors, leading to a dramatic increase in sex trafficking. Globalization has also brought new dimensions to the fight against sex trafficking. -
General Assembly Distr
UNITED NATIONS A General Assembly Distr. GENERAL A/HRC/11/6/Add.1 26 May 2009 ENGLISH/FRENCH/SPANISH ONLY HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL Eleventh session Agenda item 3 PROMOTION AND PROTECTION OF ALL HUMAN RIGHTS, CIVIL, POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL, INCLUDING THE RIGHT TO DEVELOPMENT Report of the Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences, Yakin Ertürk* Addendum COMMUNICATIONS TO AND FROM GOVERNMENTS** * The report was submitted late in order to reflect the most recent information. ** The report is being circulated in the languages of submission only as it greatly exceeds the page limitations currently imposed by the relevant General Assembly resolutions. GE.09-13435 (E) 090609 A/HRC/11/6/Add.1 page 2 CONTENTS Paragraphs Page I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................. 1 - 3 4 II. OVERVIEW OF COMMUNICATIONS .......................................... 4 - 10 4 III. COMMUNICATIONS SENT AND GOVERNMENT REPLIES RECEIVED ....................................................................... 11 - 671 6 Afghanistan ........................................................................................ 12 - 24 7 Bahrain ............................................................................................... 25 - 43 8 Brazil .................................................................................................. 44 - 46 11 Canada ............................................................................................... 47 - 64 11 Colombia -
Inquiry Into Establishing a Modern Slavery Act in Australia Submission
P a g e | 2 Table of Contents 1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 3 2. Summary ......................................................................................................................... 3 3. Methodology & Terminology .......................................................................................... 5 4. Terms of Reference ......................................................................................................... 5 5. History and Background ................................................................................................. 6 5.1 A Short History of Modern Slavery and its Discontents ................................................................ 6 5.2 International Efforts to Combat Modern Slavery: A New International Standard ....................... 8 5.3 Regional Efforts to Combat Moderns Slavery ............................................................................... 9 5.4 Country Efforts to Combat Modern Slavery & Supply Chain Abuses ......................................... 10 5.5 Other Non-Binding Civil Society Developments ......................................................................... 12 5.6 Australian Business Developments to Address Modern Slavery ................................................ 12 6. Modern Slavery: The Australian Context..................................................................... 14 6.1 Identifying the Problem: Recent Concerning Trends -
Sexual Slavery Without Borders: Trafficking for Commercial Sexual
International Journal for Equity in Health BioMed Central Research Open Access Sexual slavery without borders: trafficking for commercial sexual exploitation in India Christine Joffres*1, Edward Mills1, Michel Joffres1, Tinku Khanna2, Harleen Walia3 and Darrin Grund1 Address: 1Simon Fraser University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Blusson Hall, Room 11300, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, B.C. V5A 1S6, Canada, 2State Coordinator, Bihar Anti-trafficking Resource, Centre Apne Aap Women Worldwide http://www.apneaap.org, Jagdish Mills Compound, Forbesganj, Araria, Bihar 841235, India and 3Technical Support – Child Protection, GOI (MWCD)/UNICEF, 253/A Wing – Shastri Bhavan,, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Marg,, New Delhi:110001, India Email: Christine Joffres* - [email protected]; Edward Mills - [email protected]; Michel Joffres - [email protected]; Tinku Khanna - [email protected]; Harleen Walia - [email protected]; Darrin Grund - [email protected] * Corresponding author Published: 25 September 2008 Received: 17 March 2008 Accepted: 25 September 2008 International Journal for Equity in Health 2008, 7:22 doi:10.1186/1475-9276-7-22 This article is available from: http://www.equityhealthj.com/content/7/1/22 © 2008 Joffres et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Trafficking in women and children is a gross violation of human rights. However, this does not prevent an estimated 800 000 women and children to be trafficked each year across international borders. Eighty per cent of trafficked persons end in forced sex work. -
The Kingdom of Bahrain on Anti-Money Laundering and Combating Financing of Terrorism
Middle East & North Africa Financial Action Task Force Mutual Evaluation Report Of The Kingdom of Bahrain On Anti-Money Laundering and Combating Financing of Terrorism This Detailed Assessment Report on anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism for Bahrain was prepared by the International Monetary Fund. The report assesses compliance with the FATF 40+9 Recommendations and uses the FATF methodology of 2004. The report was adopted as a MENAFATF Mutual Evaluation by the MENAFATF Plenary on November 14th, 2006. All rights reserved © 2006 – MENAFATF, P.O. Box 10881, Manama KINGDOM OF BAHRAIN TABLE OF CONTENTS A. PREFACE ____________________________________________________________________5 B. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ________________________________________________________5 C. GENERAL ___________________________________________________________________10 D. TABLE 1: DETAILED ASSESSMENT ____________________________________________20 - Legal system and related institutional measures _________________________________ 20 - Preventive measures - Financial institutions ____________________________________ 31 - Preventive measures - Designated non-financial businesses and professions ____ _______54 - Legal persons, legal arrangements, and non-profit organizations ____________________ 67 - National and international cooperation ________________________________________71 TABLE 2: Ratings of Compliance with FATF Recommendations __________________________77 TABLE 3: Recommended Action Plan for Improving the AML/CFT System _______________81 -
Australian Parliamentary Inquiry Into Modern Slavery
AUSTRALIAN PARLIAMENTARY INQUIRY INTO MODERN SLAVERY Prepared in collaboration with 1 Position Overview 1.1 Human rights protection has traditionally been a matter for the State. However, 1due to globalisation, the liberalisation of trade and the immense economic power of corporations, it is now well recognised that there is a crucial link between the way in which businesses conduct their operations and human rights. In the list of the world’s top 100 economic entities, 31 are nation states and 69 are corporations.1 1.2 STOP THE TRAFFIK Australia is part of a global coalition that aims to stop and prevent human trafficking and slavery. In Australia, this coalition consists of 30 organisations. We collectively aim to work with corporations to increase transparency in their supply chains and introduce measures to eliminate human trafficking, slavery and slavery like practices. Our efforts are particularly focused on the cocoa, tea, garment and fishing industries, although our work is not confined to these sectors. 1.3 We very much welcome the Joint Standing Committee’s inquiry and applaud the Australian government’s efforts to identify international best practice in preventing human trafficking, slavery and slavery like practices. Human Trafficking, Slavery, and2 Slavery-like practices in corporate supply chains. 2.1 The United Nations defines trafficking in persons as ‘the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of people through the use of threats, force, coercion, abduction, fraud or deception, for the purpose of exploitation.’ This definition has thus far also been employed in the Australian context.2 2.2 From the outset, we consider it pertinent to note that the term “Modern Slavery” has gained popular usage. -
Ian Love Slavery and Victim Protection – Legal Research Paper 2016
Ian Love Slavery and Victim Protection – Legal Research Paper 2016 VICTIM PROTECTION MEASURES IN AUSTRALIA ARE NOT CONSISTENT WITH THE UNITED NATIONS PREVENTION OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING PROTOCOL This paper proposes that Australia’s implementation of the Trafficking Protocol 1 is not consistent with the victim protection articles,2 which seek to ensure that victims are protected and not re-victimised. Every State is obliged to criminalise slavery and protect victims from further victimisation,3 yet there remain an estimated 21m to 35.8m people living in some form of slavery.4 Slavery situations range from small operations involving a few women and a massage parlour in Melbourne,5 to operations sourcing thousands of young boys to work on fishing boats in Thailand6 to large illegal mining and ecocide in Eastern Congo7 and to industrial scale slavery, such as that practiced by Boko Haram and ISIS.8 There is no published data showing how the 35.8m people are distributed within these situations, but it is not relevant for the purpose of this paper. No matter the scale or context, the offence basically comes down to slavery and the 1 United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime and The Protocols Thereto, Annex II, Protocol to Prevent, suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention Text against Transnational Organized Crime herein after referred to as the ‘Trafficking Protocol’. 2 Ibid art 6-8. 3 United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime and The Protocols Thereto, Annex II, Protocol to Prevent, suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention Text against Transnational Organized Crime. -
2017 Trafficking in Persons Report
COUNTRY NARRATIVES COUNTRY COUNTRY NARRATIVES A child rakes coal in a charcoal camp in Brazil. Children around the world are subjected to forced labor in rural areas, including in ranching, agriculture, and charcoal production. 55 protection, and law enforcement strategies; improve efforts to collect, analyze, and accurately report counter-trafficking data; AFGHANISTAN: TIER 2 dedicate resources to support long-term victim rehabilitation programs; continue to educate government officials and the The Government of Afghanistan does not fully meet the public on the criminal nature of bacha baazi and debt bondage minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, of children; and proactively inform government officials, it is making significant efforts to do so. The government especially at the MOI and Ministry of Defense (MOD), of the demonstrated increasing efforts compared to the previous law prohibiting the recruitment and enlistment of minors, and reporting period; therefore, Afghanistan was upgraded to Tier 2. enforce these provisions with criminal prosecutions. The government demonstrated increasing efforts by enacting a new law on human trafficking in January 2017 that attempts to reduce conflation of smuggling and trafficking, and criminalizes PROSECUTION bacha baazi, a practice in which men exploit boys for social and The government increased its law enforcement efforts. In January sexual entertainment. The government investigated, prosecuted, 2017, the government enacted the Law to Combat Crimes and convicted traffickers, including through the arrest and of Trafficking in Persons and Smuggling of Migrants, which punishment of complicit officials for bacha baazi. With funding prohibits all forms of human trafficking. The law criminalizes and staff from an international organization, the government the use of threat or force or other types of coercion or deceit for AFGHANISTAN reopened a short-term shelter in Kabul for trafficking victims. -
Introduction Modern Slavery in Australia
To: Morry Bailes, President, Law Council of Australia Memo From: Belinda Wilson, President, Law Institute of Victoria Subject: Modern Slavery Bill 2018 Date: 13 July 2018 Introduction 1. The Law Institute of Victoria (‘LIV’) welcomes the opportunity to provide comments to the Law Council of Australia (‘LCA’) on the Legal and Constitutional Affairs Legislation Committee’s inquiry into the Modern Slavery Bill 2018 (‘the Bill’). These comments are informed by members of the LIV’s Workplace Relations Sec- tion. 2. Although the LIV supports the Bill, it is submitted that: • The revenue threshold be reduced from $100 million to $25 million; • A list of entities required to report be publicly available, noting those enti- ties that have and have not complied with reporting requirements; • An Independent Anti-Slavery Commissioner be appointed; and • Penalties for non-complying entities be introduced. Modern slavery in Australia Domestic business operations: 3. As relayed in Article 1 of the International Convention to Suppress the Slave Trade and Slavery of 1926, slavery is ‘the status or condition of a person over whom any or all of the powers attaching to the right of ownership are exercised’. The term ‘modern slavery’ refers to activities of slavery that exist in contemporary society.1 1 Joint Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade, Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia, ‘Hidden in Plain Sight: An inquiry into establishing a Modern Slavery Act in Australia’ (2017) 1. 1 These activities, which include servitude, forced labour, child labour and exploita- tion, present serious human rights concerns.2 According to the 2016 Global Slav- ery Index, 58% of the total number of people experiencing modern slavery live in India, China, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Uzbekistan.3 Although modern slavery is more likely to occur in countries where corruption is widespread, and the rule of law has broken down, it can happen in Australia where vulnerable groups are discriminated against, live in impoverished conditions, or are weakly protected by existing laws. -
THE CASE for an AUSTRALIAN MODERN SLAVERY ACT a Tea Worker Picking Leaves in a Tea Plantation
THE CASE FOR AN AUSTRALIAN MODERN SLAVERY ACT A tea worker picking leaves in a tea plantation. Sri Lanka is the world’s fourth largest producer of tea. Overwhelming evidence has documented the many exploitative practices hidden within the tea supply chain in many countries, including Sri Lanka, with cases of forced labour, child labour and trafficking. In response to public outcry and consumer campaigns, some businesses have begun to clean up their supply chains and provide sustainable working conditions for workers. (2013) Copyright © 2017. The Minderoo Foundation Pty Ltd. All rights reserved. Printed in Australia. Photo credit, mattjeacock FOREWORD can collaborate to find creative, commercial and long lasting solutions. Who is better placed than large companies to review supply chains, with demonstrated success at managing global networks to transform sectors, not only to protect victims but because it makes business sense? When better than now, in an era where an email can be sent instantly across the world to suppliers, allowing us to engage in regular and accountable dialogue with business partners? Conversations around modern slavery have dramatically increased with the appointment of an independent commissioner in the UK and emerging laws in the UK, USA and Europe. Successive Australian governments have Across the nation, from school assemblies to football already introduced stronger laws to criminalise human matches, Australians proudly sing our national anthem, trafficking and slavery. Australian companies including Qantas, Wesfarmers and the Commonwealth Bank of Australia are already filing slavery statements under laws Australians all let us rejoice, overseas. The Attorney General, Senator the Hon George for we are young and free. -
Lucknow 226010
3 . <65 * = = = 45(<49,32/ 45 4 6 7489 548: " 5 @ 7+6A+ 9.,@,+?9B,69 +C7:,88: ,./.7$+9- 8/95.8/78+,?-: B,:?6A ??9.B,5:.,+6 9769@0?6+D 6,?6 :+$/:57: $/+):/ ,/:7+ /A,:8BCA- . $ %&;024 44+ "32 > ? , ! -! = ""-"#"#> ,/. % 12 $ R !!"#$ "$% & +,-,./ “As a measure of abundant % 1 precaution, passengers arriving 0#11"2& 3##'00(#112# +,-,./ mid fears over the spread from the UK in all transit * 10'&300&'04##3&'2 % 0! Aof a mutated strain of coro- flights (flights that have taken armers sitting on Delhi’s navirus — reportedly 70 per off or flights which are reach- 5 #(#1"( ('(##4(#4( Fborders with Haryana and R cent more infectious than the ing India before December 22 6+ #'(14& 00112(#43(& Uttar Pradesh began their day- one that caused the Covid-19 at 23.59 hrs) should be subject ,-##-$0-#$1 ('2#(' �( 430 long “relay” hunger strike at all 11 members sat on hunger — India has joined over two to mandatory RT-PCR test on protest sites on chilling strike in the first batch. '45&'46('7'4P dozen countries in suspending arrival at the airports con- ,-/2-,./ 40(#'# ,#-.#/21#&31 Monday. Another batch of 11 members all flights from and to the cerned,” the Ministry said. 7 5 2(34"0 #01423101' Meanwhile, the farmer will sit on a hunger strike at 11 45'*((65'4&8( United Kingdom from Civil Aviation Minister % - 8 2"#"3" 13'020&'"1 leaders on Monday claimed am on Tuesday. December 23 to December 31. Hardeep Singh Puri said on that there is nothing new in the Meanwhile, several farmers 79(&+5'( Union Health Minister Twitter that those passengers 12-.0-#$, 9 "&4214 0#1& "&043( Centre’s latest letter to them also contributed to the hunger Dr Harshvardhan said the who are found Covid positive %"-1,-,33 :; &111'1 &4&4"&& seeking a date for the next strike and stayed without food New Delhi: A day after authorities are keeping a close would be sent for institution- 6 �("' 0202&("4&2 round of talks and said they are for the entire day.