20 1 15 ANNUAL REVIEW

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33250 USE LEVERHULME AR 2015.indd 2 04/05/2016 11:19 3 CONTENTS

Page 04 Introduction

06 Chairman’s foreword 08 History of the Leverhulme Trust 11 Funding the Trust offers 12 Director’s report 13 Summarised financial information 14 2015 in numbers Page 16 Awards in Focus

18 Photographing Tutankhamun: the camera, the king, and Egyptian archaeology 20 Fundamentals of light: from cosmological models to novel imaging technologies 22 The house of stories: Paula Rego’s feminist making 23 Using DNA to understand bamboo and the complexity of giant panda diet 24 The lost museums of Cambridge science, 1865–1936 26 Negotiating ‘normal’ in the midst of conflict 28 Inner lives: emotions, identity and the supernatural, 1300–1900 29 Crystals with holes for a more sustainable future 30 Leverhulme Trainee Designers at the Royal Shakespeare Company 32 Giant plumes of methane in the ocean 34 The techniques of Impressionism, its precursors and followers 36 Analytical media history 37 Repairing forensic science 38 Lacemakers: poverty, religion and gender in a transnational work culture 40 3D learning in a rich, cooperative haptic environment 42 Coral reef carbonate production and reef island vulnerability 43 William Wordsworth and Sir George Beaumont: an artistic exchange 44 Persons and portraits in Papua New Guinea 46 From the dark ocean comes light 48 A life more photographic: on photography’s possible futures 50 Design futures in Sub-Saharan Africa

Page 52 What Happened Next

54 Professor Fareda Banda 56 Professor Tim Blackburn 58 Professor Caroline Hughes 59 Professor Finn Fordham 60 Dr Hugh Tuffen 62 Professor Emily Boyd 64 Professor Jo Longhurst 66 Dr Eleanor Rosamund Barraclough 68 Dr Rahul Raveendran Nair 70 Dr Richard Morton

Page 72 Awards Made

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33250 USE LEVERHULME AR 2015.indd 4 04/05/2016 11:19 5 INTRODUCTION

The Leverhulme Trust was established by the Will of William Hesketh Lever, one of the great entrepreneurs and philanthropists of the Victorian age

Since 1925 we have provided grants and scholarships for research and education; today, we are one of the largest all-subject providers of research funding in the UK, distributing approximately £80 million a year

We award funding across academic disciplines, supporting talented individuals in the arts, humanities, sciences and social sciences to realise their personal vision in research and professional training. As well as substantial grants for research projects, we offer fellowships for researchers throughout their academic career, grants for international collaboration and travel, and support for the fine and performing arts. Our approach to grant-making is distinctive. Our awards are made in the responsive mode, with the choice of topic and research design left with applicants. We look for work of outstanding merit, which is original, important, and has significance beyond a single field. We particularly value research that crosses disciplinary boundaries or that is willing to take risks in its pursuit of new knowledge or understanding.

33250 USE LEVERHULME AR 2015.indd 5 04/05/2016 11:19 6 INTRODUCTION CHAIRMAN’S FOREWORD

I am pleased to report that the Leverhulme 2015 was also a landmark year Trust continues to be in excellent financial for us as we awarded our 1000th Early health. In 2015 we distributed almost Career Fellowship – to Dr Lauren Brent £110 million in grants – a record for at the University of Exeter. The scheme the Trust – to support research projects, was set up in 1994 to provide a crucial fellowships, scholarships and international bridge between doctoral studies and a collaborations. As in previous years, these first academic post. This has become a varied considerably in size, from relatively flagship scheme for the Trust, as access small awards for postgraduates at the start to permanent academic posts has become of their careers through to large grants of more difficult, and support in making up to £10 million each. the first steps ever more important. In This year saw an exciting new partnership with host institutions the initiative come to fruition with funding Early Career Fellowship scheme has being awarded to four dedicated leveraged over £100 million and helped Leverhulme Research Centres. Applicants the next generation of researchers find to this competition were encouraged to their way into established academic propose a ten-year vision for innovative careers. We celebrate some of the success research which would create a step-change stories of these first 1,000 Fellows in the in the chosen field of inquiry and establish What Happened Next section of the internationally-recognised centres of Review. research excellence in the UK. Four such We anticipate that 2016 will also be Centres have been commissioned at the exciting, as we run another of our large Universities of Cambridge, Dundee, £10 million competitions – the Research Liverpool and Sheffield, to pursue widely Leadership Awards. The scheme supports interdisciplinary research in the fields of researchers with an established university artificial intelligence, forensic science, career who wish to build a research team functional materials, and climate change to address a distinct research problem. Up mitigation. Each has been awarded a grant to £1 million over five years is available for of £10 million over ten years, the first time each of these awards – so they are much that the Trust has offered such large-scale sought-after by the rising research stars of grants, and we look forward eagerly to the coming years. following the progress of the research teams. At a personal level, I have thoroughly The Trust runs one of three annual enjoyed this (my third) year as Chairman £10 million competitions on a rotating of the Board, in no small measure because basis. In 2015 it was the turn of our Arts of the support I have received from my Scholarships, which provide bursaries and fellow Trustees, the Director and his small innovative teaching awards for training in but hard-working team, who share my the fine and performing arts. We received a enthusiasm and affection for the Trust – large number of bids from a wide range of and my admiration for the many talented institutions throughout the UK, spanning researchers whose remarkable work it is a the fields of drama, dance, music and even privilege to be able to support. circus arts, and made awards to 59 different organisations which will help train a range Niall FitzGerald KBE of talented and aspiring young performers. Chairman of the Leverhulme Trust Board

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In partnership with host institutions the Early Career Fellowship scheme has leveraged over £100 million and helped the next generation of researchers find their way into established academic careers

33250 USE LEVERHULME AR 2015.indd 7 04/05/2016 11:19 8 INTRODUCTION HISTORY OF THE LEVERHULME TRUST

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A committed philanthropist throughout his life, on his death in 1925 Lord Leverhulme left a proportion of his holdings in Lever Brothers for certain trades charities and to provide ‘scholarships for… research and education’. It was thus that the Leverhulme Trust came into being

Born in 1851, William Hesketh Lever made The Trust Board his fortune through the manufacture and In making decisions about funding, marketing of soap and cleaning products. the Trustees seek the advice of a range In the space of only a few years his company of peer reviewers and expert panels or Lever Brothers grew to become a household committees who offer an assessment of name, and its products, which included the academic merit and significance of Sunlight Soap and Lux, were sold around applications. the world. The title ‘Lord Leverhulme’ was conferred upon Lever in 1922. A committed Trustees philanthropist from the beginning, when Mr N W A FitzGerald, KBE FRSA Lord Leverhulme died in 1925 he left a (Chairman) share of his holdings in his company to Sir Iain Anderson, CBE FRSE provide for specific trades charities, and Mr D Baillie (from 7 October 2015) to offer ‘scholarships for… research and Mr A C Butler education’. The Leverhulme Trust was Mr P J P Cescau established to carry forward these charitable Dr A S Ganguly CBE (until 7 October aims. In 1930, Lever Brothers merged with 2015) Margarine Unie to form Unilever – one of Mr R Markham the world’s major multinational companies – Mr P Polman and the shares held by the Leverhulme Mr C Saul (from 24 June 2015) Trust became shares in Unilever PLC. Mr S Williams

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33250 USE LEVERHULME AR 2015.indd 10 04/05/2016 11:19 INTRODUCTION 11 FUNDING THE TRUST OFFERS

Research projects Emeritus Fellowships provide up to are offered in any subject area that Research Project Grants are available £22,000 over up to two years for senior applicant universities have identified as for any research topic, with the choice of researchers who have recently retired a research priority. This scheme normally theme and research approach left entirely to from an academic post to complete a runs every three years. applicants. Up to £500,000 over five years research project and prepare the results Philip Leverhulme Prizes recognise is available for research and salary costs. for publication. early-career researchers whose work has Research Leadership Awards support Study Abroad Studentships already had a significant international researchers with an established university offer maintenance costs of £18,000, a impact, and whose future research career career who wish to build a research team dependent allowance, and travel costs is exceptionally promising. Nominations to address a distinct research problem. for recent graduates to spend twelve to are accepted for work across 18 broad Between £800,000 and £1 million over twenty-four months on study or research disciplines, with prizes in six of these four to five years is available. This scheme at a centre of learning in any overseas disciplines offered chea year. Prize normally runs every three years. country, with the exception of the USA. winners receive an award of £100,000 International Academic over two or three years. Fellowships and Studentships Fellowships enable established Early Career Fellowships provide a bridge researchers to spend a period of time Arts Funding into an academic career for researchers in overseas research centres, to develop Artist in Residence Grants support the with a proven research record, but who new knowledge, skills and ideas. Up to residency of an artist in a UK university have not yet held an established academic £40,000 is available for a period of three or museum, for up to a full academic post. The schemeov pr ides fifty per cent to twelve months. year, in a creative collaboration with (up to £24,000 a year) of the salary costs Visiting Professorships are awarded staff and/or students in disciplines of a three-year academic appointment, to UK institutions that wish to invite distinct from the creative practice of the with the host institution providing the an eminent researcher from overseas to artist. remaining funds. enhance the skills of staff and students Arts Scholarships are open to Research Fellowships of up to at the host institution. The scheme specialist arts training organisations £50,000 over a period of three to twenty- covers maintenance, travel expenses and to develop innovative teaching and four months are awarded to experienced research costs over a period of three to to provide bursaries for individuals of researchers to allow them to undertake a twelve months. exceptional talent to develop their skills programme of original research. Leverhulme Doctoral Scholarships in the fine and performing arts. This Major Research Fellowships are provide grants of £1 million each to scheme normally runs every three years. for two or three years, and allow well- UK universities. Each award funds 15 established academics in the humanities doctoral students at that institution, with For further information about the funding and social sciences to complete a specific five scholarships to be offered in every schemes offered by the Leverhulme Trust, piece of significant original research. year of the three-year grant. The awards please visit www.leverhulme.ac.uk

33250 USE LEVERHULME AR 2015.indd 11 04/05/2016 11:19 12 INTRODUCTION DIRECTOR’S REPORT

Another busy and enjoyable year has simply This approach is exemplified in what and popular. In 2015 almost £1.3 million flown by. many regards as is the ‘core business’ of was allocated to enable eminent Application numbers have continued the Trust – our Research Project Grants researchers to visit the UK and bring their to rise. We now process well over 4,000 scheme. This ovpr ides for awards of up to distinctive expertise to the wider academic bids for funding each year. To be precise, £500,000 over five years, with the choice community. Visiting Professors are truly in 2015 the Trust staff of 14 people dealt of topic and approach left entirely up to international, coming from North and efficiently with 4,330 proposals, whilst at the applicant. The great variety of projects South America, the Middle East and the same time stewarding more than 2,500 that is supported can be seen from the list Australia and New Zealand, as well as live grants. Somehow, my colleagues also that appears in the Awards Made section from Europe – and the focus of their found time to fulfil a generous programme of this Review. interests ranged from sexual rights to of visits to universities, arts training and Our Philip Leverhulme Prize food systems analysis and theoretical other research organisations, in order to competition is also designed to recognise physics. support our award holders and talk to the innovation and excellence of At the other end of the spectrum, other interested parties about the work of individual researchers pursuing their we are helping twenty talented the Trust. Add in the various networking scholarly passions. These awards are for Study Abroad Students embark on events that provide for regular contact early-to-mid career scholars who have masters courses, doctoral research and between Trustees and senior figures in the already made a substantial impact with postdoctoral work, as they pursue their worlds of research and higher education, their research but where we hope that postgraduate careers abroad. Their our annual reception and lecture, oversight their best work is yet to come. Each prize subjects and destinations range from of the Trust endowment, liaison with is now worth £100,000, and since we paleobiology in Finland to living with myriad other inhabitants of the research offer prizes in 18 broad subject areas over conflict in the Democratic Republic of funding eco-system in the UK – and a three-year period, researchers in every the Congo and the social construct of one is led almost to a slip-of-the-tongue discipline should be able to apply at some childhood disability in Egypt. reference to the Leverhulme Tardis rather point during the triennial cycle. This year Finally, I wish to offer my thanks, than the Leverhulme Trust. This appears our six expert panels dealt with more as always, to the many panel members, on the outside to be a small organisation – than 320 very high-quality applications, reviewers, assessors and advisors who give but, on the inside, at times truly it does making the task of selecting just so generously of their time and expertise, seem to embrace cavernous activity. 30 winners a considerable challenge. Our to support the work of the Trust. I say In his Foreword the Chairman refers investment of £3 million will help the this every year – but the gratitude on each to our major initiatives and larger awards. prize winners to advance their research occasion is no less genuine for that and is These share with the Trust’s more modest in fields as diverse as earth sciences, expressed on behalf of the Trustees as well schemes our enthusiasm for supporting psychology, and visual and performing as myself and my colleagues. Without the aspirations of individual researchers arts. such generosity of spirit the Trust would to pursue curiosity-driven, higher-risk Visiting Professorships, bringing be unable to function. and often cross-disciplinary work, via the distinguished overseas-based academics to responsive mode of funding. UK universities, remain highly competitive Professor Gordon Marshall

33250 USE LEVERHULME AR 2015.indd 12 04/05/2016 11:19 INTRODUCTION 13 SUMMARISED FINANCIAL INFORMATION For the year ended 31 December 2015

2015 2014

£000 £000

Income from: Investment income 74,131 78,877

Expenditure on: Investment management costs 1,806 1,683

Charitable activities 110,838 83,181

Net expenditure before (36,707) (6,070) net gains on investments

Net gains on 207,428 122,112 investments

Net income and 170,721 116,042 net movement in funds

Statement of funds Total funds brought forward 2,143,755 2,027,713

Total funds carried forward 2,314,476 2,143,755

This information is takenom fr the Leverhulme Trust Annual Report and Financial Statements 2015, which are available to download from the Charity Commission website or on request from the Trust.

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Gender split

Research Project Grants KEY % % Female 31 69 Male 14 Staff

Applications 157 Institutions funded

51% 49% 37% 63% Early Career Fellowships Major Research Fellowships 645 Research Project Grants 27% 73% Grants awarded

4,330 Awards Applications received

57% 43% 42% 58% 13,514 Early Career Fellowships Major Research Fellowships Peer reviews received

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Distribution of funds in 2015

9 8 7 6

5 1 4 £

3

2

1 Leverhulme Research Centres – £39,903,382 36% 6 Research Fellowships – £3,905,247 4% 2 Research Project Grants – £32,273,240 29% 7 International Networks – £3,172,519 3% 3 Arts Scholarships – £9,843,999 9% 8 Philip Leverhulme Prizes – £3,000,000 3% 4 Early Career Fellowships – £9,270,000 8% 9 Other* – £4,269,841 4% 5 Major Research Fellowships – £4,252,207 4% * including Artist in Residence Grants, International Academic Fellowships, Emeritus Fellowships, Study Abroad Studentships, Visiting Professorships

Application success rates

Applications received Success rate % Research Project Grants & International Networks 1099 19 Early Career Fellowships 737 14 Research Fellowships 664 14 Philip Leverhulme Prizes 328 9 Major Research Fellowships 231 14 Visiting Professorships 135 28 Study Abroad Studentships 132 15 Emeritus Fellowships 70 46 International Academic Fellowships 36 31

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Written by current award holders, and spanning a range of funding schemes and academic disciplines, our awards in focus highlight the breadth and significance of research funded by the Trust in 2015

33250 USE LEVERHULME AR 2015.indd 17 04/05/2016 11:19 18 AWARDS IN FOCUS PHOTOGRAPHING TUTANKHAMUN: THE CAMERA, THE KING, AND EGYPTIAN ARCHAEOLOGY

How did photography Dr Christina Riggs his well-known phrase, ‘I see wonderful University of East Anglia things’. But behind the door was another inform method and Research Fellowship sealed door: the camera’s lens was trained interpretation at every on posterity as much as the ancient past. stage of perhaps the most It was the archaeological find of the ‘Photographing Tutankhamun’ is the century, bringing the glint of gold into first study of the photographic archive famous archaeological a world still tarnished by the effects associated with this excavation, which excavation? Christina of war: the tomb of a little-known ran for ten years and produced some Egyptian king named Tutankhamun. The 3000 images, most by Burton but some Riggs proposes to use international press followed every detail by Carter and other team members as the Tutankhamun of the 1922 discovery – and images taken well. Housed at the University of Oxford photographic archives by the excavation’s official photographer, and the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Lincolnshire-born Harry Burton (1879– the archive comprises original glass plate to explore the interface 1940), transported the distant Valley of negatives, copies of negatives and prints, between photography and the Kings into magazines, papers, and photograph albums, and the lantern slides Egyptian archaeology at a newsreels around the globe. Carter used to deliver lectures. The project The calibre and quantity of Burton’s draws on months of archival research to pivotal time for both photographs were remarkable at the time, examine the working methods used to as was the control that lead excavator photograph and record the tomb, and the Howard Carter (1874–1939) and his ways in which photography contributed team exerted over their reproduction in to archaeology in a newly independent the press, in particular a controversial Egypt. The style of the photographs arrangement giving priority to the set up the tomb and its contents as London Times. As a result, the black-and- significant works of ‘art’ and laid claim white images of the excavation, capturing to them as heritage – but whose heritage the gradual revelation of the boy-king’s remains a question that reverberates burial, are among the most visually today, when more cameras than ever are compelling photographs in the history of trained on the boy-king. archaeology – and were instrumental in mythologising a discovery that retains its power to capture headlines today. For all that is distinctive about the Tutankhamun find, its photographs, and its fever-pitched media interest, it also raises a number of questions about the use of photography in archaeology. Like many other academic fields, char aeology Right. Photographed by Harry had been quick to adopt photography Burton in late December 1923, in the nineteenth century, when the Howard Carter crouches before new technology echoed archaeology’s the open doors of the second self-conscious concern with salvage, (of four) gilded wooden shrines loss and preservation. But images like surrounding the burial of king Burton’s reveal recurring tensions between Tutankhamun. The portable photography as ‘objective’ record and electric lamp was an important ‘artistic’ composition. One staged image light source for photography in showed Carter peering through a doorway the tomb © Griffith Institute, in flickering lamplight, as if caught uttering University of Oxford.

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33250 USE LEVERHULME AR 2015.indd 19 04/05/2016 11:19 20 AWARDS IN FOCUS FUNDAMENTALS OF LIGHT: FROM COSMOLOGICAL MODELS TO NOVEL IMAGING TECHNOLOGIES

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Light is a key element Professor Daniele Faccio it is now providing us with a new way Heriot-Watt University of thinking about light and about what that underpins a variety Philip Leverhulme Prize we can do with light. One particularly of research fields; Daniele promising proposal in this context is Faccio will investigate Light surrounds us, it allows us to see, the use of light to see behind walls or it provides us with heat and the planet around corners where we use the ability the fundamental physics with energy. It is also one of the main to freeze light in motion to capture very of light, carrying investigative tools for a scientist and, faint echoes (of light) reflected by hidden forward recent successes arguably, it is light that mainly determines objects. This line of thinking may one day how we perceive and interact with our allow us to harness this technology to in unveiling new and surroundings. My research builds upon even use light to image directly inside the unexpected features, such my past experience and work in the field human body. of photonics and aims to investigate both I am also investigating what happens as superfluidity and the the fundamental nature of light and also in a completely different scenario where, creation of artificial black novel technologies that are enabled by a instead of a single photon, we have a very holes deeper understanding of light. dense cloud composed of many photons. I have recently collaborated with At sufficiently high photon densities, fellow researchers to show that single light behaves like a superfluid with photons of light do not necessarily remarkable properties and implications. propagate at c, the commonly accepted For example, I have shown that just like a speed for plane waves of light predicted standard superfluid, superfluid-light will by Maxwell’s equations. Although the flow around obstacles without creating measured difference may be small, this has waves or at high flow speeds it will break implications regarding our understanding up into spinning vortices. We can now of how light and information travels and use these photon superfluids for more also relates to the quantum world where esoteric applications. For example, by single photons are used to probe the very shaping the flow of the superfluid we can nature of spacetime itself. try to mimic the spacetime geometries I am currently developing new of gravitational fields, and hopefully in technologies that allow us to measure the very near future, make artificial black light at its lowest possible intensity, at the hole event horizons. These experiments single photon level. These technologies will allow us to probe the nature of the Left. High-energy laser beams come with a remarkable feature: they interaction between curved spacetime are used to create ultrafast allow us to reconstruct the photon arrival geometries and the quantum world, thus modulations in materials which time with incredible temporal precision providing insight into one of the major allow us to study the behaviour and therefore effectively capture ‘light in open questions in modern physics – how of light coupled to matter under flight’. This feat of imaging or freezing does the quantised quantum world merge extreme conditions, image credit: light in motion as it propagates in free with the continuous spacetime structure Daniele Faccio. space had never been achieved before, and created by gravity?

33250 USE LEVERHULME AR 2015.indd 21 04/05/2016 11:20 22 AWARDS IN FOCUS THE HOUSE OF STORIES: PAULA REGO’S FEMINIST MAKING

Paula Rego is one of our reverse of ekphrastic writing in its In dealing with difficult subjects engagement with a range of fairy tales and Rego’s interest in ‘power games and most eminent living artists; nursery rhymes, novels, poems and plays) hierarchies’ has seen her fearless in her Deryn Rees-Jones’ new had a broader relevance to women artists exploration of sexuality, pain and the monograph will bring and writers. I will also examine the history cruelties of everyday life. In our encounter of the sometimes rivalrous conversations with the many challenges and complexities insights from literary between literary and artistic worlds. of her art we are asked to read situations studies to address questions At the heart of Rego’s work is that flaunt their ambiguities, challenging drawing, which, at a significant point in where we, as viewer, locate ourselves about gender and artistic her work in the 1980s – after the death within narratives of secrecy, hypocrisy, process, the relationship of her husband, the artist Victor Willing transgression and desire. The book that between the visual and – became entwined with her ongoing will come out of this research will give a dialogue with narrative: notable examples detailed overview of Rego’s career over literary arts, and the include her lithographs and pastels sixty years, tracing her development impact of Rego’s work on which respond to Charlotte Brontë’s from her early collages, her evolving use feminist creative practice Jane Eyre, the Portugese novelist Eça de of animal imagery, to her more recent Quierós’ The Crime of Father Amaro, and method of using a range of grotesque and The Pillowman by the Irish playwright homemade mannequins alongside her life Martin McDonagh. Rego’s process of models. It will ask why we take pleasure composition, in which she works closely in her pictures, and why they might Professor Deryn Rees-Jones with her models, many of whom are matter to us, asking, too, how her work University of Liverpool close family and friends, to create a series and methods might impact on the wider Major Research Fellowship of tableaux, is central to her work. This ethics of a feminist creative practice. ongoing dialogue with both her models, I have been an admirer of the work of the and with what she has called the ‘endless’ Portuguese London-based artist Paula nature of stories, is again layered by her Rego (b. 1935) for more than twenty-five constant referencing and reinterpretation Below. Self Portrait with years. Although most of my critical writing of the Old Masters (Goya, Hogarth, Degas Grandchildren, 2002 © Paula Rego, to date has focussed on contemporary and Manet to name only a few). Courtesy of Marlborough Fine Art. women’s writing, I have always had a strong interest in the visual arts, and been fascinated in turn by poems which draw on, and engage with, paintings. I realised recently that I have turned to Rego’s work at some of the most significant and even difficult points in my life. I used Crivelli’s Garden (which sits wonderfully as a backdrop to the National Gallery restaurant from the time when Rego was their first associate artist) as the cover of my book on twentieth-century women’s poetry, Consorting with Angels. In my other life as a poet I have also written poems inspired by her pictures, most recently in response to her extraordinary series of Dog Woman pastels. Clearly there was something in her work that spoke to me in deep and sustaining ways, but increasingly I began to want to explore the way Rego’s practice (which might be seen as the

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What do giant panda eat? susceptible to changes in resource I have worked extensively in availability due to habitat loss and developing the science of DNA barcoding, The answer may seem changing environmental conditions. but resolving bamboo identification for obvious, but the reality is The enigmatic nature of giant DNA-based diet analysis required a novel far from simple.A research panda has captivated us for decades, approach. This project brings together and everything from their ecology and an international and interdisciplinary project at the Royal Botanic evolution to their genes and even their team with expertise in field botany, plant Garden Edinburgh, led gut flora have beenve in stigated. Given taxonomy, genetics, zoology and wildlife by Pete Hollingsworth, this interest, why don’t we have a more forensics to tackle this problem. Using precise understanding of their diet? genomic techniques we will significantly will investigate the hidden Giant panda are typically solitary expand existing bamboo sequence data and complexity of panda and difficult to observe in the wild, identify genetic markers across the genome hampering efforts to identify the full that can tell bamboo species apart. We diet to help inform the range of species consumed. Faecal will then assess diet using a combination conservation of giant analysis can be useful for assessing diet of existing broad-brush DNA-barcodes to panda and their habitat in reclusive species, but unfortunately establish what is being eaten in addition in the case of giant panda there is one to bamboo, and a purpose-built bamboo more complication – distinguishing DNA assay to establish which bamboo bamboo species is problematic, especially species are eaten. Furthermore, by when digested. Even ‘universal’ plant establishing a reliable method of bamboo Professor Pete Hollingsworth DNA barcodes, which have been identification, we will be able to gain Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh effectively employed in diet analysis for increased clarification of the distribution of Research Project Grant many species, struggle to distinguish key bamboo species in the wild, ultimately bamboo species, only providing to enhance our knowledge of what Giant pandas mainly eat bamboo. information on broad groups such as constitutes suitable panda habitat and how However, beneath this well-known but family or genera. this may change in the future. simplistic statement lies a complex issue: there are over sixty species of bamboo that may be fed on, and the species consumed vary according to availability, location and season, and even individuals may differ in their preferences. Furthermore, pandas occasionally eat food other than bamboo, including other plant species, fungi and even carrion. Understanding species requirements is fundamental to their conservation. In a changing environment, the inter- dependencies among species are particularly important, as shifts in the abundance or distribution of any one species may have wider consequences on the system. One particular inter- dependency relates to diet: uncertainty about the precise species in the diet can restrict our ability to effectively conserve, manage or restore suitable habitat for a given species or set of species. This is particularly important for giant panda, as its highly specialised diet makes it

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Right. The New Museums Site and surrounding area c.1912. Image from A Concise Guide to the Town and University of Cambridge in an Introduction and Four Walks (1912), p. 169.

Below. Photograph of the Perse Hall when it was used as an electrical laboratory for the University. Image © Whipple Museum of the History of Science, University of Cambridge.

33250 USE LEVERHULME AR 2015.indd 24 04/05/2016 11:20 AWARDS IN FOCUS 25 THE LOST MUSEUMS OF CAMBRIDGE SCIENCE, 1865–1936

Boris Jardine’s project Dr Boris Jardine their place a range of administrative University of Cambridge and new institutions are springing up. will examine the practices Early Career Fellowship Through all of these changes the Whipple of collecting, display Museum of the History of Science and demonstration in Where does science happen? The lab, the increasingly holds the key to the memory field, the classroom, even at home. These of what the site has been over the years. the sciences in the late answers might seem natural now, but in Appropriately enough it is the Whipple nineteenth and early the nineteenth century there was another – and the Department of History and twentieth century, place that would have topped the list, Philosophy of Science which houses it – one perhaps surprising to us as a working that will host my Leverhulme-funded contributing to our scientific institution: the museum. project. understanding not only Although today museums are more Over three years I plan to write often places of leisurely perusal, prior to the first history of the New Museums of the history of scientific the rise of the laboratory they were the Site, bringing together the institutional collections, but also scientific institutions, housing vast arrays and architectural histories of the various their relationship to of teaching models and demonstration departments that have been there over apparatus, not to mention the countless the past hundred and fifty or so years. My experimental, laboratory- specimens of the great natural history main focus will be on the original ‘New based science collections. Museums’, whose collections have been The ‘New Museums Site’ (NMS), dispersed and whose buildings are now at the heart of the University of all but lost. This is, in part, an attempt to Cambridge, provides a striking example recover what it meant to do science with of the shifting fortunes of the scientific collections in the nineteenth century, and museum. The site was named for a suite in part, an investigation into the nature of buildings put up in the 1860s to house of a scientific ‘site’. What happened a complete syllabus of science. But within to the museums when it became clear decades the new physics and chemistry that laboratory science was on the rise? laboratories were eating up more and How were the collections amassed, and more space on an increasingly cramped (just as importantly) how and why were site. Eventually the labs won out, and they dispersed? Were there models for now only a single part of the original the New Museums Site (for instance at museums survives. Oxford and in London), and did other Yet even that remnant is soon to be universities copy what was being done knocked down – the laboratory revolution at Cambridge? In answering these and and the rise of modern science in the other questions I hope to add to our twentieth century have put paid to the understanding of this important and idea of a self-contained scientific site, and changing location, and to shed light on so the NMS is changing identity once the relationship between objects, scientific again. The sciences have moved to greener work and the architecture that contains pastures to the west of the city, and in and gives meaning to both.

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33250 USE LEVERHULME AR 2015.indd 26 04/05/2016 11:20 AWARDS IN FOCUS 27 NEGOTIATING ‘NORMAL’ IN THE MIDST OF CONFLICT

How do people live in Ms Solange Fontana diverse interactions produce outcomes Study Abroad Studentship that may influence levels, patterns and areas of chronic conflict, expressions of violence. and why is violence so Before returning to university for my My research focusses on North Kivu, protracted despite the doctorate, I spent over ten years as an aid eastern Congo – the epicentre of cycles worker, working mostly on livelihoods of violence which have recurred in the many peace initiatives? and peacebuilding in areas of chronic region since the 1990s, and arguably since Solange Fontana aims to violence. During this time I became independence. Previous fieldwork suggests examine the processes and increasingly interested in the intersection that there are three institutions that of people’s livelihood strategies, their people regularly depend on in their daily relationships that support management and negotiation of physical lives – livelihood associations, their church the socio-economic security (protection), and broader conflict congregations and miri, or lilikilimba dynamics. (small-credit and savings groups). strategies to help people My interest in this area of research The relationships that compose and manage risk stems from these experiences and two link these three types of institutions is questions which have perplexed me my main interest – specifically how they throughout my professional life: how do have evolved and changed over time and people actually live in areas of recurrent in response to their context: how people’s violence? And why can violence be so varied affiliations connect the three types persistent, despite considerable of institutions; how, why and who is national and international investment excluded from them and what, potentially, in peacekeeping and local-level are the outcomes and implications of this peacebuilding? interaction of relationships. Though seemingly unrelated, I Though this research is based on suspect that the two questions are more a single case study, it probes questions closely aligned than we often think. I of wider resonance – through it I ask consider violence a regular social process about resilience and coping in conflict; rather than an aberration, or a period of I will explore the relationship between hiatus. As such, I assume that in order displacement, migration and non- to deal with the economic and physical movement and delve into processes of risks inherent in living in such contexts, social change in times of violence. By people develop strategies which interact doing so, I hope to contribute to learning Left. Market day in Masisi, with and affect the social relations and and policy on resilience and human North Kivu, image credit: institutions which give structure to these mobility in conflict, as well as to our Solange Fontana. strategies. Prior fieldwork suggests these understanding of violence and civil war.

33250 USE LEVERHULME AR 2015.indd 27 04/05/2016 11:20 28 AWARDS IN FOCUS INNER LIVES: EMOTIONS, IDENTITY AND THE SUPERNATURAL, 1300–1900

Drawing on a number of Professor Malcolm Gaskill environment, both temporal and celestial. University of East Anglia Moreover, casting spells, conjuring demons disciplines, but primarily Research Project Grant and calculating horoscopes were occasions on history in different when implicit beliefs were made explicit, periods, Malcolm Gaskill’s Witches, sorcerers, ghosts, magic… just a and so left us written records to study. few of the subjects that have preoccupied These records come in numerous project will explore me as a historian for over twenty years. forms and from several centuries. My emotional engagement They are not a hard sell to students orthe co-investigators, Dr Sophie Page with supernatural worlds general public: there is endless fascination (University College London) and with macabre manifestations of the occult. Professor Owen Davies (University over six centuries – from Yet such things, today safely packaged of Hertfordshire), will be examining witchcraft and demonism as horror stories or fairy tales, were once evidence from the medieval (1300–1500) very real in the Western world, and were and modern (1700–1900) periods to astrology and magic bound up with anxiety and terror, envy and respectively, while I will be covering the anger, pain and death. Our ancestors were early modern (1500–1700). We will explore like us in many ways, but their peculiarities not only change in belief and practice, are striking – and studying those but also continuity, something overlooked peculiarities is the stuff of history. Indeed, in linear narratives of European it’s the main rationale behind my project, secularisation and enlightenment. which takes a long view from the Middle Sophie will mostly be working on Ages to the end of the nineteenth century. a monograph entitled Cosmology, Magic If literature makes war on cliché, and Inner Lives in the Late Middle Ages; then history’s enemy is anachronism. Owen’s book will be called Popular According to the historian Lucien Febvre, Fears and Domestic Protection in Britain, glib assumptions about past psychology 1700–2000. My own contribution will be are ‘the worst sort of anachronism and the a case study about witchcraft and heresy most insidious and harmful of all’. Pre- in seventeenth-century Massachusetts, a modern people thought differently omfr story seething with emotion. Together, we us, not because they were ignorant, but plan to hold an international conference to because their interests and ambitions, and investigate further the meaning of inner the frame of their thinking, were different. lives, and how they might be reconstructed, They also inhabited a strange universe of and we hope to mount an exhibition of sentiment, feeling and emotion – human weird and wonderful texts and objects. attributes that, as psychologists know, do not stand distinct from, or in opposition www.innerlivesblog.com to, cognition. Historical inner lives are often obscure, but at least trying to understand them is vital to appreciate what life was like in the past, how it changed, and who people thought they were. The methodology for this project Left. This engraving by Albrecht exploits the idea that engagement with Dürer (1471–1528) is full of clues the supernatural is a uniquely revealing to the meaning of witchcraft in early source. Here we glimpse subjective modern minds. Here, everything understandings of existence in relation natural and wholesome is inverted to unseen, yet deeply felt, power in the or reversed. The witch, old yet full of cosmos, and to more intimate contexts unnatural passion, flies ckba wards on of experience, such as communities a goat, a symbol of lust, into a storm and households. Emotions formed a that she herself has caused (Library reflexive link between the self and the of Congress, Washington DC).

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With the development days. But beyond the obvious crystals Small molecules can enter these pores we also use crystals in almost every where they can react and change into of scanning probe aspect of our daily lives. Our computers other, more useful, molecules. For microscopies, it is now are full of silicon chips that are crystals example oil (long-chain hydrocarbons) possible to observe crystals of silicon – the medicines that we take can be changed into gasoline (short- are, more-often-than-not, in the form chain hydrocarbons) for our cars, and growing and dissolving in of crystals – low energy lightbulbs are this catalytic transformation happens at situ; Michael Anderson based on crystalline light emitting diodes defects in the crystals. These nanoporous aims to connect molecular (LEDs). Crystals are everywhere, and we crystals can also be used for gas storage make use of their unique properties in a such as hydrogen (important for a scale experimental myriad of strange but crucially important greener fuel supply) for the removal observations of the crystal ways. But what is a crystal? It is a solid of carbon dioxide (important for where the atoms or molecules that greenhouse gas reduction) and treatment growth of nanoporous make up the solid are arranged in a very of contaminated water. This funding materials with a high level ordered and repeating arrangement in will enable us to formulate a partnership fundamental theory in three-dimensions, just as the pattern on a between leading academics at the wallpaper is repeated in two-dimensions. University of Manchester, UK, and order to control this process When atoms or molecules are arranged Curtin University, Perth, Australia, to in such a fashion they often have useful develop new methods, both experimental properties that the individual atoms or and theoretical, to understand how such molecules alone would not have. Also, as crystals grow from water solution (similar Professor Michael Anderson with everything in life, there are often to the sugar crystals) and how defects can University of Manchester mistakes in this regular pattern, and the be controlled in order to tune properties. International Academic Fellowship properties at these mistakes, or defects, We will also gather the world’s experts are usually very different to the rest of the in Perth for a discussion/workshop to Everyone is familiar with crystals – crystal. In fact, often it is the properties of explore the latest developments in this diamonds and sapphires but also snowflakes, the defects that are most interesting, and area. If successful, this work will result in sugar and salt. Most school-children will this is the case in many of the electrical more energy-efficient catalysts, cleaner have attempted to grow crystals, such components in a computer. water supplies (particularly in developing as sugar, by dissolving as much sugar as Our work deals with one very countries), better delivery of medicines to possible into hot water and then allowing important and unique class of crystals, the body, and better materials to reduce the solution to cool slowly. Beautiful, large known as nanoporous crystals, which carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and sugar crystals then grow over the ensuing have tiny pores rather like a sponge. alleviate the greenhouse effect.

Right. Image taken with an atomic force microscope of the surface of a growing nanoporous crystal. The spiral terrace is one nanometre high (0.000000001 metres). Such images help us to understand how the crystals are growing at the atomic scale.

Far right. Structure of the nanoporous crystal known as mordenite. The large porese ar less than one nanometre across (0.000000001 metres).

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A Leverhulme Trust- Stephen Brimson Lewis with expert members of staff omfr Royal Shakespeare Company many of the Company’s departments. funded training Leverhulme Arts Scholarship Leverhulme Trainee Designers learn ‘on programme offers gifted the job’, participating in all aspects of a young theatre designers The Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC) production’s creation – from assisting with is the world’s most famous theatre research and model-making to deputising the opportunity to learn company. Last year we gave more than 2,000 in technical rehearsals and creating their on the job and kick-start performances of nearly 30 productions – own small-scale productions. successful careers from a version of The Taming of the Shrew We are proud to work with the for young people, to our award-winning Leverhulme Trust to offer these paid Matilda the Musical in the West End. We positions that ensure that the very best are based in Shakespeare’s home town talent can remain in the performing arts of Stratford-upon-Avon, and all of our sector. Since 2011, eight young people productions begin life at our Stratford have taken part in the scheme – five workshops and theatres, created by teams of whom have been finalists in the of extraordinary craftspeople. Our work is prestigious Linbury Prize for Stage performed around the world to the widest Design. Leverhulme Trainee Designers go possible audience through our touring, on to have successful careers, and in the residencies, live broadcasts and online last few months two former trainees have activity. returned to the RSC to design their own We have trained generations of the productions. very best theatre-makers, and we continue 2016 is the 400th anniversary of to nurture the theatre-makers of the future. Shakespeare’s death. We have a busy The Company is a dynamic learning programme including landmark new environment in which talent can thrive. productions of King Lear and Hamlet, Each year, two of the most gifted young a special live broadcast from Stratford- graduate designers join us as Leverhulme upon-Avon with the BBC, and the Trainee Designers, undertaking a year- opening of a new studio theatre and long advanced training programme that creative hub dedicated to daring theatrical builds the experience and skills that help experimentation. I am delighted to them to have successful careers. They be able to welcome the next cohort of work alongside established professional Leverhulme Trainee Designers in such a designers with varied aesthetics, and special year.

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A large number of giant Dr Silvana Cardoso on internal processes such as phase University of Cambridge change, chemical reaction or dissolution, methane plumes have Research Project Grant which involve release or absorption of recently been detected in heat and formation of new chemical the Arctic Sea, raising Methane is continuously released from species. the seabed into the hydrosphere, in Whilst inert plumes have been concerns about a possible cold seeps and mud volcanoes found studied for over six decades, plumes with run-away effect of on continental margins. Both dissolved internally-produced buoyancy changes global warming. Silvana in seawater and in bubbly form, the have been the focus of few studies. My methane is transported upward in the research group has recently shown that Cardoso’s research will ocean in the form of a turbulent plume. dissolution processes in methane and shed light on the plumes’ Recently, a number of these giant plumes carbon dioxide bubbly plumes affect their have been detected in the Arctic Sea and spreading pattern. This new projectw no spreading and mixing elsewhere. Hydrate-formation reactions proposes novel laboratory experiments, behaviour, helping us to play an important role in the dynamics combined with a theoretical development, understand their impact on of methane plumes released in areas very to investigate the behaviour of complex close to the hydrate stability zone. plumes with internally-produced density the environment Estimates indicate that 6000 Gt of changes caused by precipitation reactions. methane exist, accumulated in the sediment of the deep and cold ocean and permafrost regions. An increase in the temperature of these regions may destabilise the hydrates and release methane into the atmosphere, either steadily or suddenly. Methane is twenty times more potent as a greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide on a per mole basis, which can catastrophically cause a run-away effect in global warming. There is a real need to estimate the environmental damages and the costs associated with such releases. Environmental flows, such as those found in methane plumes, are driven by density contrasts between the plume and the ambient fluids. To predict, control or explore the behaviour of such plumes it is essential to develop fundamental knowledge of their movement and Right. Frozen methane bubbles in interaction with the environment. The Abraham Lake, Alberta © Chip behaviour of plumes is strongly dependent Phillips.

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Left. Karl Robert, Traité de peinture à l’huile: Paysage (Paris, 1878; 1891 edition): hog’s hair and sable brushes for oil painting. Manuals for artists provide valuable information on historical painting materials and methods.

Below. Paul Cézanne (1839– 1906), Three Pears, 1878/1879, oil on canvas, collection of Mr and Mrs Paul Mellon, Washington, National Gallery of Art. Small oil studies and unfinished paintings are particularly useful for close study, because they reveal more readily a painter’s techniques than do highly finished canvases.

33250 USE LEVERHULME AR 2015.indd 34 04/05/2016 11:20 AWARDS IN FOCUS 35 THE TECHNIQUES OF IMPRESSIONISM, ITS PRECURSORS AND FOLLOWERS

Anthea Callen’s research Professor Anthea Callen research particularly timely, because I University of Nottingham bring together the scientific, technical, for her new book will Emeritus Fellowship historical, theoretical and aesthetic in combine the scientific, a close analysis of French nineteenth- technical, art historical Since 2000, when I published my major century painting. I shall be examining book, The Art of Impressionism: Painting the influence of all these factors on and aesthetic in a close Technique and the Making of Modernity emergent twentieth-century modernism analysis of Impressionist (Yale University Press), research on oil while also re-evaluating the limits of materials and techniques, paintings has been revolutionised by new avant-garde technical originality: how scientific and technical discoveries. These genuinely audacious were the painting re-evaluating the technical innovatory technologies have enabled methods of Corot, Courbet, Manet, processes and originality of conservation scientists to provide a wealth the Impressionists, of Cézanne and the of new knowledge that transforms art post-Impressionists? How exactly did this group of painters historians’ understanding of French they work, which oil colours, brushes and painting in the nineteenth century, when supports did they prefer, and what was ‘modern’ mass-produced artists’ colours and the significance of their choices? What materials first emerged. We now benefit, are the actual differences in method for example, from new non-invasive and materials, say, between Corot and techniques for identifying the pigments Cézanne? In writing this new volume I used by painters, and often the binders and shall review my own earlier theories on mixtures in which these were employed. the relationship between tradition and This new evidence helps pinpoint the innovation as a key to understanding early appearance of modern pigments nineteenth-century avant-garde painting on paintings of the period, making it practice, in the light of the new cross- possible to date with greater accuracy disciplinary research in the field and painters’ take-up of the newest materials; developments in painting science. such knowledge can also help identify or Recent developments in technical authenticate paintings. My work entails art history include burgeoning specialist cross-referencing modern scientific data collections of early technical publications with historical documentary evidence – in (like colour merchants’ trade catalogues commercial directories, artists’ manuals, or sample books) and systematic scientific trade catalogues, and encyclopedias such research into particular artists, like that at as those of Pernety (1757), Diderot and the Rijksmuseum. There are now extensive d’Alembert (1751–1777), and Paillot de collections of historical and technical data Montabert (1829) – to trace with greater to be examined, notably in Washington, accuracy those changes in painting Chicago, Amsterdam, Munich, Cologne, materials or techniques commonly Paris and the UK. These form one of identified as emerging only with the my key research foci, as does renewed French Impressionists in the 1870s. discussion with scientists and conservators In the last 15 years art history has in major museums in Europe and North been transformed by a new interest in America – and of course further close ‘materiality’. Recognition of the visual examination of the artworks significance ofch te nical art history themselves, which has always been central and of material questions makes my to my work.

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Tim Barker blends archive but it also impacts on the way histories chronophotography developed toward the are written by technical media, and end of the nineteenth century, which takes research with philosophical the way memories are archived online. a series of photographs in quick succession inquiry in order to explore Technical media no longer represent in order to study isolated frames of the way experiences of events in a linear history, as the written movement. Another example is the use word once did. Events are now mediated of pixels as a representational device time have been engineered and organised based on mathematical and the transmission of information throughout media history; structures and rules. over computer networks. In all these he investigates the way The questions that I’ll ask in this examples, where signals are broken up into Fellowship relate to the historical and manageable parts, questions of temporality engineers and inventors have technical pre-conditions for this experience and transmission were grappled with by grappled with questions of of digital temporality. I am interested in engineers and inventors. Not only do examining the way time has been divided these solutions to time-based problems temporality, transmission into segments by media hardware and matter to engineers, they also provide the and fragmentation in exploring how this technical process foundation from which we might start to order to determine the can be seen to have wider philosophical develop a media philosophy of time and effects. The fellowship looks into the contemporaneity, which would speak to conditions for history and history of what I call ‘analytical media’. As the way new types of histories and digital memory in digital culture opposed to ‘synthetic media’, which draws memories are written and archived. a viewer’s attention to the flow of time, ‘analytical media’, by foregrounding its segmentation of time, draws the viewer’s or user’s attention to the present moment, Below. Albert Londe’s Dr Tim Barker disassociated from a larger history of chronophotographic image titled University of Glasgow events. An example of this is the scientific cheval tombé à l’eau, 1883. Research Fellowship

Recent research into the cultural role of digital media has stressed the new types of temporalities and rhythms that computational techniques impose on daily life. The term ‘digital temporality’ has been used to describe the new types of time experienced in wide-ranging contexts such as television viewing, gaming, social media, financial markets, archive management and memory studies. This includes the new, discrete nature of the temporalities documented on social media, the speed and recursion with which major world events, reported by citizens, are uploaded and looped online, and the economic markets now based on the time-scale of computers, which produce global fluctuations and structure rhythms on the trading floor. The questions of time and temporality, it would seem, that are now at the centre of digital media studies, are very different omfr the questions of time that have previously been grappled with in film theory, television studies and cultural theory. These questions of time are no longer based on the way events are synthesised into a flow, but based on the way computers fragment the world into very fast discrete processes. Not only does this have importance on a technical level,

33250 USE LEVERHULME AR 2015.indd 36 04/05/2016 11:20 AWARDS IN FOCUS 37 REPAIRING FORENSIC SCIENCE

Nobody would choose barely advanced and have often been manner that we believe will also unlock reduced to ‘riding passenger’ on the hidden development potential. Ironically, to be the accused in a coat-tails of developments in other areas, disruption of the system will generate criminal court of law, but such as analytical chemistry or imaging. stronger working relationships between if we were to be in such an As a result, the precarious scientific science and the law and will reveal latent foundations of many areas of forensic opportunities for industrial development unfortunate position, we practice can be fatally exposed with a few and innovation that will secure long-term would expect the experts well-placed simple questions from an economic advances. Our research centre who give evidence to base enlightened QC. will be highly collaborative, parachuting The Leverhulme Research Centre innovative and diverse researchers from their findings on sound for Forensic Science will disrupt the across the world into the UK to work science that is verifiable, current stalemate in the forensic science with the permanent home team to inspire ecosystem by generating unprecedented solutions, release potential and drive reliable and communicated wide-reaching, cross-disciplinary enterprise internationally. effectively; unfortunately, cooperation. We will address the scientific Whilst the manner in which a the reality is somewhat deficiencies in many currently used country provides its forensic assistance evidence types and raise the underlying may vary widely, the underpinning different, as Professor Sue basic scientific precepts to legal research is international in its application. Black explains admissibility, thereby restoring judicial In collaboration with leading forensic and public confidence in the science. science partners across the world, In partnership with judicial, legal, we aim to repair, replace and renew scientific, law enforcement and industrial the cornerstones of forensic science colleagues, we have identified a suite of expert evidence, thereby increasing the Professor Sue Black and Professor Niamh evidence types that require immediate confidence that the court and its jury NicDaeid attention, and we will approach these can place on the testimony of its expert University of Dundee in a systematic but ground-breaking witnesses. Leverhulme Research Centre for Forensic Science

There isow gr ing concern that much of the forensic science evidence admitted to the courtroom is simply not fit for purpose, and this was highlighted publically in 2009 by the US National Academy of Science. Since then, little has been done to restore confidence and address these deficiencies, and disquiet has continued to escalate around scientific evidence types previously accepted in our court rooms. In his 2014 Kalisher Lecture, the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales discussed the apparent lack of scientific rigour for much forensic evidence that is admitted into the courts, and his unease is mirrored internationally. Legal and law enforcement colleagues all recognise the value of quality science in the courtroom and the rich benefits it brings to the criminal (and civil) justice process, but the risks are high if deficiencies remain unaddressed. There have been no critical step changes in forensic science innovation since Sir Alec Jeffries published his work on DNA in the 1980s. Unfortunately, almost all investment flowed into this area alone, whilst the other evidence types have

33250 USE LEVERHULME AR 2015.indd 37 04/05/2016 11:20 38 AWARDS IN FOCUS LACEMAKERS: POVERTY, RELIGION AND GENDER IN A TRANSNATIONAL WORK CULTURE

David Hopkin’s research Dr David Hopkin hundreds of audio recordings in which University of Oxford lacemakers expressed their views on will provide the first full- Research Fellowship marriage, poverty, the Church, sexuality, length study of the shared exploitation and faith. work culture of lacemakers Before the First World War hundreds of The rhythm of song was sometimes thousands of women across Europe were used to regulate the pace of work, but across nineteenth-century employed in the homemade lace industry more often songs just accompanied the Europe; a history of in France, Belgium and Italy. Lace work process. Lacemaking encouraged women’s experience of production was difficult to mechanise, singing partly because lacemakers worked but lacemakers were also protected by collectively (as you can see on the video poverty constructed from aristocrats, monarchs and the Catholic ‘Les dentellières de Montusclat’ on the folk songs and stories Church. Lace is the most ideological Institut national de l’audiovisuel of textiles, associated with purity, http://www.ina.fr/video/LXC01008465), femininity, domesticity and piety (hence so they could share repertoires. It was its use at baptisms, first communion and also a feature of their apprenticeship. weddings). Yet, despite being patronised Lacemakers often learnt their trade in by the super-rich, and despite the skills schools run by nuns or pious laywomen, required to make quality lace, lacemakers and a repertoire of religious songs and themselves were usually impoverished. stories was part and parcel of their This combination of social problems and education. ‘traditional’ values brought the lacemaker One of the striking features of these to public attention in the nineteenth songs is that lacemakers’ repertoires of century: her image was celebrated in both religious and secular songs were tourist posters, her equipment was very similar across different regions and collected for museums. These sources different languages and dialects. This provide a rare opportunity to study is not just true at the level of themes, women’s domestic work culture. such as female martyred saints and Although domestic manufacture sexual murder, but specific texts and was a substantial employer before the melodies reoccur across Catholic Europe. twentieth century, women workers are Although this can partly be explained usually assumed to be ‘without a voice’. by the role of counter-Reformation They wrote no memoirs, they left no institutions in the spread of lace skills, the archives, no guild or union spoke for messages contained in these songs was them. In fact it is often said they had no not altogether orthodox. We are dealing identity as workers because they were here with a transnational, but specifically under the authority of husbands and feminine work culture, in which issues of fathers. However, hundreds of lacemakers hunger, misery, oppression and violence have left some testimony to their lives, compete with visionary piety. That is what in personalised work tools but even more this research seeks to document. directly in their songs. Lacemakers were For comparative material from amongst the most prominent informants the English lacemaking regions see our of folksong collectors in all three website (a work in progress): countries: we have thousands of texts and http://laceincontext.area.ox.ac.uk

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33250 USE LEVERHULME AR 2015.indd 39 04/05/2016 11:20 40 AWARDS IN FOCUS 3D LEARNING IN A RICH, COOPERATIVE HAPTIC ENVIRONMENT

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William Harwin’s Professor William Harwin virtual world we can control the scale, University of Reading which in science can range from the project will provide the Research Project Grant components of atoms to the dynamics opportunity for a new of galaxies. Allowing students to explore learning environment to In life, we move, touch and manipulate these worlds in a variety of ways is things in complex ways using (mostly) hypothesised to motivate students and enable secondary school our hands. When we interact with to develop their understanding. The students to explore and computers we lose this natural ability benefits of practical work in science experiment with concepts and have to resort to mouse clicks and education include enhancing the learning keyboards. However, by adapting robot of scientific knowledge, challenging in a tactile, 3D world technology and our knowledge of how students’ misconceptions of scientific human perception works, we can give ideas and processes, teaching laboratory virtual things solid attributes such as skills, enabling insight into and expertise texture, shape, weight and sponginess. We in scientific method, and stimulating can move things aside, look underneath, students’ interest and increasing cut and drill. We use modified robots, motivation to study science beyond sometimes called a haptic interface, along school. with high-quality computer graphics to Collaborative learning is known create a tight coupling between what is to have a positive impact on students’ seen on the screen and what is felt by the learning, but productive interactions fingers to create nva co incing illusion of between students are not easily achieved, substance. and appropriate learning situations are Haptic technology was central challenging to implement. Therefore, to our hapTEL™ project, work that another key element of our proposal is still used by King’s College London is to examine ways in which haptic dental students to learn how to prepare devices can be configured to encourage a tooth cavity. In this case not only was students to interact and collaborate while it important to get the visual and tactile examining and manipulating things in a illusion of the tooth right, but it was also 3-dimensional (3D) simulated world. This necessary to match the sounds of the burr project has now begun with a decision removing tooth enamel. Haptic interfaces from our two collaborating schools, The have become important in learning the Abbey School, Reading, and Abingdon skills associated with surgical, dental and School, Oxfordshire, to focus on teaching veterinary applications where the focus cell biology. This decision was based on is on learning specific skills. It has yet to earlier work at Abbey School where it was be explored as a more general tool for found that students found difficulty in education; an oversight we propose to relating the schematic diagrams in books rectify. to the workings of a cell and its organelles Left. King’s College London Our research will focus on in nature. We hope to explore both the dental student using the hands-on science education in which technical feasibility of 3D learning and hapTEL™ haptic training individuals or small groups of students the learning gains that might be afforded environment to learn how to manipulate the objects or materials they by improving tools for educational prepare a tooth cavity. are studying. Because we can control the visualisation.

33250 USE LEVERHULME AR 2015.indd 41 04/05/2016 11:21 42 AWARDS IN FOCUS CORAL REEF CARBONATE PRODUCTION AND REEF ISLAND VULNERABILITY

Chris Perry will develop exceptionally high socio-economic value. growth potential of the coral reefs that This is because theyov pr ide the only surround reef islands, because this will the innovative methods habitable land in atoll nations such as influence the capacity of reefs to track necessary for measuring the Maldives, Tuvalu, Kiribati and the rising sea levels and will influence who carbonate production on Marshall Islands. However, reef islands much sediment the surrounding coral are considered highly vulnerable to reefs can produce. central Indian Ocean reefs, climate change, and most especially to Using this Research Fellowship I aim thus generating a unique future sea-level rise. This has generated an to tackle the research gap in the context dataset on contemporary urgent need for better data on the controls of the reef islands of the Maldives. The on reef island formation, and on the wave Maldives comprise some 1200 individual carbonate production rates, and current regimes that control island reef islands that have formed in a range and helping to bridge a change. In this context, recent studies of atoll margin and interior settings – have made some significant advances; including the iconic ring-shaped faro reefs. significant knowledge gap documenting clear differences in the My focus will be on the development of timing of reef island development between appropriate quantitative methodologies sites in the Pacific and Indian Oceans that can be used to support assessments caused by past differences in sea level; of the rates at which Maldivian coral reefs Professor Chris Perry advancing understanding of how island are producing new calcium carbonate – University of Exeter shorelines change both seasonally and this material forming not only the building Research Fellowship over decadal timescales; and how the time blocks of the reefs themselves, but also at which islands start to develop and grow acting as a direct source of new carbonate Coral reef islands are iconic and beautiful is tightly linked to the age of the reef sand that can contribute to island landforms that form atop reef platforms surfaces on which they form. However, maintenance. To do this will require the and around coral atoll margins. Rarely whilst these represent important research collection of new datasets on the rates at exceeding a height of 3–4 m above mean advances, critical research gaps remain which different coral, and other calcifying sea level, and being constructed entirely that are equally important for predicting reef species such as calcareous algae from sands and coral rubble fragments the future vulnerability of reef islands. and foraminifera, produce carbonate. that are derived from the coral reefs These relate, especially, to the need to Obtaining this data through various that surround them, reef islands have better understand the productivity and experimental approaches will be a key focus of the first year of the Fellowship. This will be followed by a field campaign to collect data from a wide spectrum of atoll margin and interior settings. The overall aim is to provide not only a new quantitative survey tool for use by other reef scientists, but also to generate an unprecedented dataset on contemporary carbonate production rates on the reefs that surround Maldivian reef islands.

Left. Low lying islands such as these in the Maldives are considered highly vulnerable to future sea-level rise. The reefs that surround reef islands are critical to controlling wave energy levels reaching the islands, but also act as major sources of carbonate sand.

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Jessica Fay will use new respective theories of poetry. As Coleridge’s sonnets and inscriptions for the Beaumonts, domestic discontent and addiction- and Sir George produced images to manuscript evidence to induced health problems put strain on the accompany Wordsworth’s verse. Between produce the first complete friendship, Wordsworth moved ever closer 1815 and 1820 Beaumont’s pictures biographical and critical to his patron and confidant, Sir George appeared as frontispieces to Wordsworth’s Beaumont. Beaumont was an amateur publications; thus, Wordsworth’s first study of the friendship artist and supporter of poets such as readers typically experienced his verse between William Coleridge, Southey and Scott, and artists alongside Beaumont’s artwork. Yet this including Reynolds, Wilkie, Dance and conjunction of text and image was largely Wordsworth and his Price. He was also co-founder, in 1824, of forgotten as subsequent editions of patron, the amateur artist the National Gallery. Beaumont is known Wordsworth’s poetry were printed without Sir George Beaumont primarily for his picture of Peele Castle illustration. These images and texts exist in in a Storm, which inspired Wordsworth’s symbiosis: they are not always directly Elegiac Stanzas (1805), yet his presence descriptive of one another but demonstrate, in Wordsworth’s publications and his instead, a particular combination of influence throughout the poet’s life go ekphrasis (writing for art) and illustration. Dr Jessica Fay far beyond this. My project will establish Throughout my Fellowship I will University of Bristol new ground on which to proceed with work closely with the Wordsworth Trust Early Career Fellowship the re-evaluation of Wordsworth’s career (who are always keen to support new as it moved beyond the influence of research based upon their vast archives of William Wordsworth is a major poet of Coleridge by assessing comprehensively Romantic-period writing and art) to explore the British Romantic movement, and the relationship between Wordsworth and the manuscript letters sent by Sir George his ground-breaking collaboration with Beaumont, whose friendship Wordsworth and Lady Beaumont to Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Lyrical Ballads publically acknowledged as ‘one of the his sister Dorothy between 1803 and 1827. (1798), is considered a central text of the blessings of [his] life’. Whilst the letters from the Wordsworths period. But the friendship between these In 1806–7 the Wordsworth family have long been in print, the Beaumonts’ two men became strained relatively soon; resided for eight months at the Beaumonts’ replies have never before been fully as early as 1802, Coleridge detected that Coleorton Estate in Leicestershire. transcribed. This correspondence is very there were deep discrepancies between their Wordsworth then began to compose different omfr the business-like interaction Wordsworth had with his other patrons: Wordsworth and Beaumont shared thoughts about poetry, theatre, art and gardening. When considered alongside the relevant verse and illustrations, these letters convey a rich narrative of influence and allusion, suggesting that Wordsworth considered Beaumont not just as a patron, but as a collaborator. By asking new questions about the interaction between poetry and art, I will seek to offer an original perspective from which scholars might think about the relationship between patronage and collaboration.

Left. Sir George Howland Beaumont, Bt (1753–1827). Peele Castle in a storm, 1805. Oil on panel. Reproduced by permission of the Wordsworth Trust.

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Dame Marilyn Strathern Professor Dame Marilyn Strathern interactions to mind compelled an University of Cambridge activation of relationships, and relationships explores the role of the Emeritus Fellowship require substantiation, which had in turn researcher in capturing to be expressed with items of substance. images pertinent to The first stage of the research funded by an I was politely told that an envelope Emeritus Fellowship allowed me to return containing only a photograph would puzzle cultural memory and asks to Mount Hagen, Papua New Guinea. people because it was, in effect, empty. how such photographs People I have known for a long time That did notev pr ent more or themselves, and the include Ru Kundil, here photographed less everyone being pleased with the with his youngest child, in my eyes a images, and agreeable to my suggestion subjects of these, are rather affecting portrait. Yet the extent to of conveying rights in the images to the perceived by a Papua New which a photo captures a likeness through Cambridge Museum of Archaeology and a particular composition or records what Anthropology, alongside the National Guinea community today people were wearing or doing in a fitting Museum and Art Gallery in Port Moresby. manner – whether it is a good ‘portrait’ or Many were positively taken with the fact not – would be unlikely to elicit comment. that they would become widely known, What is important is that such images carried thereby over space and over time to bring memories to mind so that one subsequent generations: “So our children ‘thinks-on’ the person depicted; in the case can see how we were.” It is here that what of an unknown audience images spread people were wearing or doing would fame as a kind of analogue of memory, reinforce the ‘memory’. Future generations like names. Thinking-on acquaintances would see the marks that distinguished carries moral-ethical consequences, as this or that person, as someone from the pictures I brought from earlier visits past might be identified by the shorts they sharply remind me. My visit in 2015 was had on or by their marsupial fur decoration, to ‘repatriate’ ethnographic photographs personal characteristics like voice or made over the years since 1964. The focus posture. Here too the idea of a portrait of attention was all on how I gave them to begins to creep back in. Indeed, there were people. Bringing memories of our previous once specific situations where men and women presented themselves for public display in an idealised or transformed state. In this publication a casual picture, as in the case of Ru with his child, would in a sense be as out of place as a seaside snap among corporate portraits. So, for perpetuity, I will juxtapose the first image with a second, where Ru is decorated for display, albeit ‘informally’ in his eyes. I am pleased it should be reproduced here, since a framed enlargement once hung in my departmental office, until that is Ru visited England in 1999 and took it off with him to hang in his own house.

Left. Mr Ru Kundil with his youngest child, 2015.

Right. Mr Ru Kundil in informal decoration, 1967.

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Above. Icosahedron on Eaval, Hannah Imlach, Digital Still, 2012. The Icosahedron Kite is an exploratory tool, which was used to navigate and re-imagine the unique waterlogged landscape of Eaval on North Uist. Its reflective surface chameleon-like, encompassed the landscape over which it was flown.

Right. Super-resolution image that allows researchers to see inside cells with greater detail than ever before, the resolution in the top half is around 5 times higher than was achievable in the previous 300 years of microscopy. The red stain is the skeleton of the cell – the so-called cytoskeleton. Image credit: Alison Dun, Edinburgh super-resolution imaging consortium.

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Through this residency Professor Rory Duncan and Ms Hannah light. The light they emit is also secret Imlach to humans – to see the colours they and an ongoing dialogue Institute of Biological Chemistry, emit, the viewer needs a special torch with scientists, visual artist Biophysics and Bioengineering, and glasses. These animals have long- Hannah Imlach will gain Heriot-Watt University puzzled mankind, and a Nobel Prize in Artist in Residence Grant Medicine was awarded for working out invaluable insights into that DNA from these sea beasts could be current environmental In research there is something I call the transferred to human cells, thus making research; travelling on ‘charmed period’ where the investigator them emit coloured light and so become discovers something that, until they share visible under microscopes. research vessels and their new knowledge, remains a secret Now a palette of blues to reds, studying microscopy that only the observer knows amongst through the various hues of greens, all who have gone before. This is a great yellows and oranges, allows biologists to technologies will open up driver for scientists and a facet of the almost literally paint with proteins inside the microscopic aesthetic role that few in other positions can ever cells. The revolution in biophysics that world of colour, pattern, experience. Imagine for a moment how, came from distant marine animals via for example, Hooke or van Leeuwenhoek, genetic engineering has truly accelerated form and movement and the ‘inventors’ of the microscope, felt biomedical discovery – many of the new so inform her own artistic when they stumbled into a world that had drugs or treatments that we will soon practice previously gone unnoticed – the small take for granted could not have been world that our bodies are not equipped to developed without these humble sea see without the help of their microscopes. creatures. The opportunity now to tell the Hannah’s work is inspired by the world about the combination of marine same things that drive us; her sculptures biology with biomedicine, and the untold are conceived as exploratory ‘tools’ but essential roles corals play in all our investigating how we relate to our present and future, is compelling. immediate environment and the threats Hannah will create her work caused by changing climate. Working directly from her experiences as our in sculpture and photography, Hannah’s Artist in Residence, embedded with research-led practice seeks to draw current researchers. The ‘Scottish-ness’ connections between the ecology of element in our project is deliberate: not different habitats, sensory experience and only are the reefs and organisms found scenarios of future sustainability. in Scottish waters important and of Her residency at Heriot-Watt will interest internationally, but Scotland has provide Hannah with direct insight into some of the most recognised expertise climate research with a focus on the in these new microscopes, and Hannah’s organisms living in the deep waters off interests in locality and sustainability Scotland’s coast. Hannah will explore also feed from strong cultural drivers. this ecosystem through dialogue with We are not inward-looking, however, scientists, travel on research ships and (indeed, many of us involved are not through imaging technologies in the Scots); our aim, delivered through Heriot-Watt labs; recent invention in our partner institutions, the Royal microscopy makes it possible to see Zoological Society of Scotland and objects inside living cells that are as small Dynamic Earth, is to reach as wide an to the viewer as Jupiter is large. international audience as we can. We Remarkably, these approaches are delighted to be able to share our depend on marine organisms, like charmed period with Hannah thanks to corals or jellyfish, which evolved to emit the Leverhulme Trust.

33250 USE LEVERHULME AR 2015.indd 47 04/05/2016 11:21 48 AWARDS IN FOCUS A LIFE MORE PHOTOGRAPHIC: ON PHOTOGRAPHY’S POSSIBLE FUTURES

The transformation of Dr Christopher Wright numbers alone. We need a new way of Goldsmiths, University of London understanding photography as the value photography in the last Major Research Fellowship of individual photographs decreases, decade means that we while the general significance of visual now live a life more Photography has undergone enormous communication increases. transformations in the last decade, My project involves an intensive photographic; Christopher shifting from analogue to digital, becoming and long-term study of everyday practices Wright’s new study will part of mobile phone technology, and of this new photography in the UK – focus on what this means increasing massively in both global reach with smaller scale research in two other and sheer volume – as Erik Kessels’ contexts: First Nation communities in for contemporary lives, installation 24 Hours in Photos so vividly British Columbia, Canada, and Ladakh, social cohesion and our demonstrates. Photographs take new northern India. Looking at other contexts forms and circulate in new ways, from is important for understanding how relationship to memory selfies and photoblogging, to instant new photography is refracted through image sharing through Snapchat and different cultural idioms and expectations, Instagram. There are many accompanying and the differences and similarities claims – both negative and positive – for that emerge will be vital for seeing UK the massive impact this new photography developments as not the only possible is having on our lives, how it is changing outcome of new technologies. The three- forms of sociality and connectedness, year timescale will allow me to build up a affecting social cohesion and altering our really comprehensive picture of how the relationship to memory. claims for new photography’s impact are But there is something distracting actually materialised, or not. I will follow about the kinds of numbers that are digital images through their production, often quoted in relation to this new circulation and consumption, tracing photography – in 2014 there were five networks on and offline – while observing million photographs uploaded to Flickr how these practices impact on a range every day, 2.5 billion photographs of attitudes and other behaviours. When uploaded to Facebook each month. The do people look at photographs? When focus on technological developments do they take them and send them? What and usage statistics fails to engage with kinds of relationships do they initiate? actual photographic practices within What kinds of events prompt the taking the context of people’s everyday lives. of photographs? Who are they shared While the numbers do tell us how with? Who are they not shared with? Are widespread some new photographic photographs deleted regularly, or kept? practices are, they do not demonstrate Given the scale of the claims made the relationship between those practices for new photography’s impact on our and the supposed impact they are having lives, an understanding of these changes on other areas of our lives. The yswa in is one of the key issues of our times. My which we use new photography to engage research will result in a book, a website with each other, and with the world, and a series of audiovisual works that needs to be understood through detailed explore our lives more photographic, and ethnographic research, not presumed from consider photography’s possible futures.

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33250 USE LEVERHULME AR 2015.indd 49 04/05/2016 11:21 50 AWARDS IN FOCUS DESIGN FUTURES IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

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Cher Potter will head this Ms Cher Potter decades, the African economy will be University of the Arts London / Victoria bigger than that of Europe and America Network which analyses and Albert Museum together by 2050. As a design researcher two major forces shaping International Network and curator, I am deeply interested in the twenty-first century – how this much-debated era of Afro- We tend to think about our world’s optimism can be understood not simply innovations in digital future as being discovered in the high- in economic or political terms, but as technology and the ‘rise of tech laboratories of American scientific heralding the onset of new cultural Africa’– through the lens research institutes, or debated in élite alignments, and local modification of business and political forums held in the design models, tools and visual strategies. of material culture and its Alps – but less often in the West, do we How does a digital revolution combined interpretation think about our future as being designed with unprecedented city and population by local tech communities in Sub-Saharan growth on the African continent result Africa. in new typologies of design? How do If design is understood as an these new design categories inform agent of cultural production and change the way African cultural production is in contemporary society, then the communicated and displayed in Europe pervasive Western perception of the and Sub-Saharan Africa? African continent as predominantly a In order to address these important producer of immutable craft reveals a themes, the network brings together misunderstanding of transformations design theorists, technological innovators occurring in African megacities. A and museum professionals from six digital revolution across many parts of different cities – Dakar, Accra, Nairobi, Africa is facilitating a conversion from Cape Town, London and Oxford. pre-industrial craft production to post- This group of pioneering scholars is industrial design involving computer engaged in advancing and theorising coding and digital fabrication. Alongside post-industrial design: digital imaging, vast craft communities, the continent now computer gaming, robotics and wearable hosts one of the fastest growing tech hubs technology. Through a series of forums in the world (the East African ‘Silicon and exhibitions in Ghana, Kenya, Savannah’), a Pan-African robotics South Africa and the UK, we will work network (AFRON), burgeoning space collaboratively to interpret emerging programmes and a proliferation of digital design trends in African urban contexts. innovation hubs. Developed through a core partnership The British economist Dr Charles between the London College of Fashion Robertson, in his book The Fastest and the Victoria and Albert Museum, this Billion: The Story Behind Africa’s Economic project marks a starting point for UK- Revolution (2012), makes the contentious based cultural institutions to engage with point that if African growth spurred on emerging economies as a vital source of in part by these technology developments, knowledge, design production and future continues as it has over the last two imaginings!

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In 2015 the Trust awarded its 1000th Early Career Fellowship (originally called Special Research Fellowships); in this series of interviews we look back at over 20 years of the scheme and find out ‘what happened next’, the role that Leverhulme Trust funding played in the progress of the research and careers of these ten Fellows

33250 USE LEVERHULME AR 2015.indd 53 04/05/2016 11:22 54 WHAT HAPPENED NEXT PROFESSOR FAREDA BANDA

“The greatest thing the Leverhulme gave me was psychological confidence”

Fareda Banda’s fellowship Dr Fareda Banda couldn’t believe her home during their marriage should have to ‘good fortune’: “I was the first black person return to work, solicitors would take into gave her the opportunity from Zimbabwe to obtain a doctorate account where the women lived, saying not only to relaunch her in law at Oxford University; and I don’t things like: “well, up north, they definitely academic career, but also know whether it was gender, or being from don’t like women going back to work.” some place else, but I somehow felt In 1996, Fareda was appointed as a to cement her reputation fraudulent. I spent the whole three years lecturer at SOAS, University of London, as an expert to the United worrying that I didn’t deserve to be there: where she is now Professor of Law, that there was some Mr Band who should teaching on law and society in Africa, Nations on women’s rights have been given this fantastic opportunity,” human rights of women, and family law. she says. Where Fareda doubted her She writes on women’s rights, family law abilities, her DPhil supervisor, Mavis and more recently religion; and, in 2008, Maclean, did not. And it was Mavis wrote a particularly influential report for who convinced her to apply for a 1994 the United Nations (UN) on laws that Leverhulme Fellowship and return to the discriminate against women. Her study – Oxford Centre for Socio-Legal Studies. which found that women were Getting the award boosted Fareda’s discriminated against by law in almost self-belief; she left the NGO where she every country – received worldwide had been working since completing her coverage, news even reaching her doctorate, and returned to academia. “It grandmother’s mud hut village in was wonderful to go back to Oxford and Zimbabwe; and her recommendations learn from Mavis and from John Eekelaar resulted in the establishment of a – basically the country’s premier working group, now in its second term, researchers looking at socio-legal policy,” which promises to bring equal rights she says “but the greatest thing the for women closer to a global reality. Leverhulme gave me was psychological Fareda’s Leverhulme research gave her confidence.” As part of her fellowship, the methodologies and the confidence to Fareda worked with John on a comparative widen the focus of the UN report from study exploring how divorce solicitors laws to practice. “I think that’s something working in Oxford would advise their else that the Leverhulme fellowship clients in different scenarios. “That was taught me – and also part of being absolutely fascinating,” she says. “It was African, I think – to remember what the there I learnt about something called grounded realities look like,” she says. English customary law.” Her previous Even in this country, law and practice can fieldwork, for her doctorate on access be poles apart; equal pay is an obvious to justice for women, was carried out in example: enshrined in law in the UK since Zimbabwe: a country with a plural legal 1970, yet the pay gap is still substantial. system in which national legislation Fareda has recently co-edited exists alongside customary laws. But in a book on gender and religion with England, she thought, surely the law was Lisa Fishbayn Joffe at Brandeis and is just the law? Instead, she found regional currently writing another report for the differences here .too For instance, when UN, this time with John Eekelaar on measuring whether women who stayed family and human rights.

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33250 USE LEVERHULME AR 2015.indd 55 04/05/2016 11:22 56 WHAT HAPPENED NEXT PROFESSOR TIM BLACKBURN

“We’ve been able to make significant progress because the Leverhulme takes a more liberal view”

A Leverhulme Fellowship “One’s ideas must be as broad as Nature of Zoology, stepping down in 2014 to if they are to interpret Nature.” Tim take up his current position as Professor gave Tim Blackburn the Blackburn and Kevin Gaston used the of Invasion Biology at University College freedom to carry out logic of Sherlock Holmes to introduce London. independent research and their pioneering book on ecological Since his Fellowship, Tim’s research methods, perfectly encapsulating their has largely focussed on understanding conduct a major review central premise. At the time, the science the processes driving human-mediated of ecological research of ecology focussed almost exclusively biological invasions: now recognised on understanding interactions amongst as one of the greatest threats to global processes, helping establish plants and animals at a local level, such biodiversity. The 90s had seenow agr ing macroecology as a major as in a small field plot or pond. But ether concern about the ecological impact of influence in the field was a growing realisation that those non-native species and, while immersed interactions were affected by processes in his review of macroecology, Tim occurring over a much larger scale – and realised this was an area where a broader that the complex natural world could not perspective could make important be understood by just adding together lots contributions. Rather than focussing on of small-scale studies. why ring-necked parakeets have thrived in The volume of large-scale ecological South East England, for example, or why research had increased dramatically since European starlings are now the most 1991, when Tim had joined the NERC common bird in North America, you can Centre for Population Biology as a step back and look at the bigger picture. postdoctoral researcher. In fact, Tim and He explains: “More than 400 species of Kevin had themselves contributed to over birds have established alien populations seventy such studies by the late 90s. Still, somewhere in the world, so that represents the approach had failed to gain traction, a lot of natural experiments to compare, and traditional funding bodies were yet to understand common factors in the to be convinced of its scientific merit. invasion process.” To enable this type of Tim’s 1998 Leverhulme Special Research comparative research, Tim has developed a Fellowship was a chance to take stock global atlas of alien bird species, mapping through a major review of the field. their ranges over time; a resource he is Published in 2000 as a co-authored currently using to investigate how human monograph – Pattern and Process in actions and evolutionary processes interact Macroecology – this synthesis helped to to facilitate invasions. By identifying establish the large-scale ecological high-risk scenarios, this work could help approach and continues to be a major prevent future damaging invasions. The influence in the field. The Fellowship – Leverhulme Trust continues to play an particularly the freedom to carry out important role in Tim’s research, he notes, independent research – also provided the not least because the interdisciplinary push Tim needed “to finally move on nature of invasion research means research from the carefree life as a postdoc,” he councils are less likely to offer support: says. He secured a lectureship at the “It’s an unusual area of biology because University of Birmingham in 2000, where there is a strong social history aspect… he stayed for seven years – the last two as we’ve been able to make significant Professor of Macroecology. In 2007, he progress because the Leverhulme takes a was appointed Director of the Institute more liberal view.”

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33250 USE LEVERHULME AR 2015.indd 57 04/05/2016 11:22 58 WHAT HAPPENED NEXT PROFESSOR CAROLINE HUGHES

“It gave me the opportunity to get more publications, which is so vital to get a faculty job in a British university”

Continued support from When the post-Cold War euphoria source of power and the government died down, it was clear the results were soon learnt how to use it to rebuild itself the Leverhulme Trust not what the West had hoped. The UN and maintain its monopoly,” Caroline provided Caroline Hughes peace process, instigated in Cambodia explains. “When people are desperate and with the time to develop in the early 90s, had promised to bring at the brink of their coping strategies, the this broken communist country into the control of water, medicines and food can an impressive publications democratic fold; but as the years passed, not only be a source of revenue, it can track record, helping her the authoritarian state not only prevailed, essentially be a tool of violence. We’re it thrived. Had the UN underestimated very aware of that now, but it was hardly secure her first permanent the power still held by a stubborn élite? Or even considered in the 90s.” lectureship was Cambodian culture just communist In 2001, Caroline was appointed to a to its core? With the insight gained from lectureship at Nottingham University. She two years’ fieldwork during Cambodia’s moved to the University of Birmingham transition, Caroline Hughes argued that in 2006 and then to Murdoch University the UN plan failed, not because the in Western Australia in 2008, where Cambodians actively or passively resisted she was appointed Director of the Asia it, but because it was the wrong plan. Research Centre in 2010. “The fellowship Caroline’s first year in Cambodia opened a lot of doors for me,” Caroline was particularly daunting. The country says. “It gave me the opportunity to get had been completely closed off to the more publications, which is so vital to get outside world for decades, and with no a faculty job in a British university. And sources on its internal politics, it was hard the Trust was fantastic. Such a gentle to know where to start. After collating her introduction to academia… there was material into a ‘baggy monster of a PhD’, always someone ready to help the whole she returned to Cambodia the following way through.” Caroline returned to the year, supported by a Leverhulme Study UK in 2013 as Professor of Conflict Abroad Studentship. It was 1998 – an Resolution and Peace at the University election year – and Caroline travelled of Bradford, where her research interests around the country with different political focus on peacebuilding, the politics of parties, attending rallies and gathering aid and development, and Southeast more focussed material. She then applied Asia. She returns regularly to Cambodia to the Leverhulme Trust for a 1999 Special and says there are now encouraging Research Fellowship based at Nottingham signs of a reverse in its drift towards University, giving her the time to write authoritarianism – albeit more to do with her now widely-cited monograph, The demographics than international policies. Political Economy of Cambodia’s Transition The children of the post-war population 1991–2001. Published in 2003, it explains boom have reached voting age; less easily how the UN peace process, while achieving intimidated than those who suffered its mission to introduce some democratic the privations of the 80s, it is their processes, also effectively established engagement with the democratic process the Cambodian authoritarian élite as that is finally pushing Cambodia towards gatekeepers of the foreign aid flowing the multi-party system the UN sought to into the country. “That was a significant create over two decades ago.

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“I didn’t feel any pressure from the Leverhulme to prove or produce a specific thing, and that was extraordinarily liberating intellectually”

A Leverhulme Fellowship “Once upon a time and a very good time rewritten, finding stories woven into the it was…”; Finn Fordham fell under the many twists and turns the authors made. was a turning point for spell of James Joyce’s prose. From its While his initial idea – a comparative Finn Fordham’s career, first evocative and memorable sentence, analysis of Joyce, Hopkins, Yeats, enabling him to secure his A Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man was Conrad, Forster and Woolf – gathered unlike any other novel the sixteen year-old momentum, he returned to a subject he first book contract, and Finn had read. The spell was to transform knew well: the turbulent seventeen-year establish his reputation as a his life, leading to a career specialising in genesis of Finnegans Wake. “That was Joyce… and to the clash with the Joyce the amazing thing about the fellowship,” leading authority on James Estate that nearly sabotaged that career. Finn says “I didn’t feel any pressure from Joyce and genetic criticism In 1997, Finn completed his PhD the Leverhulme to prove or produce a at Birkbeck: a biographical study of Joyce, specific thing, and that was extraordinarily exploring the intense bond he shared with liberating intellectually.” It proved a his daughter Lucia. Troubled by mental successful detour; within 18 months Finn illness while her father was working on had secured a contract for one book and his last masterpiece, Finnegans Wake, the laid the groundwork for another. ‘mad daughter’ was only a marginal figure Finn’s first book Lots of Fun at in previous Joyce biographies. Finn’s thesis ‘Finnegans Wake’, published in 2007 to told a different, more intriguing, story. A rave reviews, provides a ‘mind-widening publisher was interested but, unfortunately, and fun’ introduction to Joyce’s most also gave Joyce’s grandson, Stephen, the dense and complex novel. His second, power to block the book’s publication: I do I undo I redo: The Textual Genesis of Intractable, particularly in matters Modernist Selves, published in 2010, takes concerning his aunt and the study of his genetic approaches as a window into the grandfather’s manuscripts – block it, he did. minds of the great modernists at work. In In the ‘publish or perish’ world of it, Finn argues that the author’s sense of academia, Finn’s career foundered. After self and its vicissitudes can be seen in the a number of temporary teaching jobs, he many revisions they make to their text: secured a two-year junior fellowship at “The process of writing can be difficult Northampton University, where he tried sometimes and I think that’s partly to generate funding for research. Those because your own identity is caught up in two years were nearly up when Finn that process. Our ideas about selfhood are received the letter, offering a 2001 Special partly modelled on our relations to how Research Fellowship: “I still remember we produce texts,” he explains. jumping for joy; it just meant so much.” With a book contract on his CV, With Leverhulme support, Finn was job applications finally led to interviews able to stay on at Northampton to tackle and within weeks Finn had secured a an ambitious new project, drawing on the lectureship at Nottingham University. rich archive of drafts left by Modernist In 2008, he moved to Royal Holloway, writers as their masterpieces evolved. University of London, where he is now Using techniques developed by an approach Professor of English and a leading authority known as genetic criticism, he meticulously on James Joyce, archival modernism, and analysed passages that had been written and genetic approaches to Modernist texts.

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33250 USE LEVERHULME AR 2015.indd 60 04/05/2016 11:22 WHAT HAPPENED NEXT 61 DR HUGH TUFFEN

“I applied to the Leverhulme Trust because it seemed to encourage you to do something different, to take risks”

Leverhulme funding More than 500 million people live in that was new to volcano studies. “I applied regions directly threatened by volcanoes to the Leverhulme Trust because it enabled Hugh Tu ffen to that could erupt violently and with little seemed to encourage you to do something carry out ground-breaking warning. Records of seismic activity show different, to take risks… and I rather liked research and challenge that volcanic eruptions are often preceded that,” Hugh says. by a swarm of tiny shallow earthquakes, Working with Peter and his team, long-established views but even this has limited use as a predictive Hugh subjected pieces of obsidian about volcanic deposits at tool. With major gaps in our understanding (volcanic glass) collected from Krafla, to about the processes triggering such temperatures and pressures simulating Krafla volcano in Iceland, earthquakes, it’s difficult to differentiate volcanic conditions; at the same time and helped to launch a them from other background rumblings monitoring them for seismic activity on successful research career until after the event. One challenge for a micro-scale. His findings, published volcanologists studying these processes in Nature in 2008, showed that, even is that – unlike the tectonic earthquakes at temperatures as high as 900 degrees generated as rocks fault and slide – no signs celsius when magma can flow, it would of volcanic earthquakes are found in the nevertheless crack when deformed rapidly; geological record. Or at least no signs had and this cracking created measurable been identified until Hugh Tuffen and his earthquakes. The work Hugh did during PhD supervisor, Harry Pinkerton, made his fellowship led to a £500,000 project, an intriguing discovery. During a field trip funded by the Natural Environment in Iceland, they noticed a ten-metre-high Research Council, which provided further volcanic rock with all the hallmarks of evidence of the link between volcanic tectonic faults except on a miniature scale earthquakes and the fracturing behaviour and – even more surprising – it seemed the of magma. It also facilitated his successful faults had healed back together. “It looked application for a Royal Society University like the type of faults we know make Research Fellowship in 2010, and his earthquakes had happened in hot magma as recent promotion to Reader in Volcanology it was rising,” Hugh says, “but the idea that at Lancaster University. Alongside the earthquakes could happen inside something opportunities to build his own research that flows seems pretty counterintuitive.” career, Hugh says, spin-offs omfr the With the support of a 2004 Leverhulme Leverhulme project also allowed him Trust Early Career Fellowship, Hugh set to assist others in the volcano research out to test the hypothesis that faulting community, through various PhD and of hot-rising magma could lead to postdoctoral positions. volcanic earthquakes. Based at Lancaster One particularly fortuitous University, Hugh’s research combined the opportunity followed an incident at Krafla first detailed study of volcanic deposits at in 2009, when a geothermal energy Krafla volcano in Iceland, with magma company accidently drilled into magma, cracking experiments conducted with the briefly creating the world’s most powerful rock physicist Peter Sammonds, in his lab geothermal borehole. Hugh’s unique at University College London. The project expertise on this volcano led to his was both controversial and novel: not only inclusion in current international research challenging the long-established view that efforts at Krafla, aiming toov impr e the earthquakes happen only in cold brittle detection of stored magma and assess the rocks, but also using a combination of risks involved in tapping this unprecedented old-school geology and experimentation source of geothermal energy.

33250 USE LEVERHULME AR 2015.indd 61 04/05/2016 11:24 62 WHAT HAPPENED NEXT PROFESSOR EMILY BOYD

“Having funding from the Leverhulme gave me the space to conceptualise and try out new ideas”

Since holding an Early Through her Leverhulme fellowship, experiment, involving colleagues from held at Oxford University’s Environmental University College London and the Career Fellowship Emily Change Institute, Emily explored ways of University of York, identified community Boyd’s pioneering work bringing social science theories, methods priorities for climate-related action by on improving the well- and practices into the domain of climate integrating local knowledge and experience change and environmental thinking: “It with a detailed scientific assessment of being of people worldwide was blue-skies, curiosity-driven social climate change impacts. “We found that by has helped empower science and having funding from the helping people relate the problems they Leverhulme gave me the space to were facing to a changing climate and communities to tackle the conceptualise and try out new ideas.” showing them that they have an important impacts of climate change by During the fellowship, she visited part to play, they were motivated to take working with government communities involved in the reforestation practical action to change their communities of the wind-blown and degraded croplands for the better,” Emily says. Empowering institutions and businesses of Haryana State in India. This was one of a communities to present a collective vision number of development projects worldwide, for the future of their neighbourhood designed to alleviate poverty while helped to compel cooperative action from Emily Boyd is the world’s first Professor facilitating environmental rehabilitation; government institutions and businesses – of Resilience Geography. Appointed by but most were falling well short of provocative evidence that reversing the the University of Reading in 2013, just their good intentions. “We often find a traditional top-down approach may be four years after completing her 2007 mismatch between the vision at the global both a more ethical and a more efficient Leverhulme Fellowship – and this despite a policy level – or even at the national route to climate-compatible development. one-year maternity break – her impressive level – and what these policies actually The project won a United Nations 2013 career momentum reflects an ambitious mean on the ground; it’s not easy to reach Lighthouse Activities award, recognising purpose: her conviction that as a social and involve the poorest communities.” it as an inspiring example of people scientist, she can, and must, improve the The Haryana project was an exception: taking action to address climate change wellbeing of people worldwide, as they here communities had engaged in the worldwide; and – according to UN face challenges wrought by environmental design process from the start and it was spokesperson Christina Figueres – a change. “It sounds cheesy, but that’s the improving the lives of those most in need. beacon of hope, demonstrating what can core of what I want to do. Where climate “Seeing how communities can actually happen when innovation and passion change is concerned, the natural sciences work together was a real highlight of my come together to address the biggest have led the way; but for problems such as Leverhulme fellowship,” Emily says. challenge of our time. water scarcity, food shortages and flooding Haryana was a lesson in the Emily is currently working on her – issues increasingly facing communities importance of bottom-up collaborative fifth book, which examines how resilience across the planet – lots of the questions decision-making; and methods to enable ideas have helped to reshape development are social, economic and political. Social that participatory process were at the heart thinking, and is about to undertake a scientists have got to step up and take of Emily’s recent project in the crowded new and exciting role as the Director of leadership to make sure that those issues and often flooded informal settlements of Lund University Centre for Sustainability are at the forefront.” Maputo in Mozambique. This collaborative (LUCSUS).

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Below. Putting community-led adaptation activities into action; getting citizens involved in decisions that increase their resilience to climate change and the future sustainability of their neighbourhoods. Maputo, Mozambique.

33250 USE LEVERHULME AR 2015.indd 63 04/05/2016 11:24 64 WHAT HAPPENED NEXT PROFESSOR JO LONGHURST

“I felt very much supported by the Leverhulme, and encouraged to develop my work through my practice”

The Leverhulme Trust’s When artist, Jo Longhurst, applied for the gym; and difficulties finding suitable her 2008 Early Career Fellowship, her exhibition venues were compounded by support for practice-led work was already attracting international a constant struggle to meet the expenses research helped Jo Longhurst attention. She had recently completed her of creating this type of work. So much build her career as a prize- practice-led PhD at the Royal College of so that until her exhibition, Other Spaces, Art, exploring the world of British was safely installed in its first venue at winning international whippet breeders and their obsessive Mostyn, Llandudno, Jo was never really photographer, focussing on quest for the perfect dog. The compelling certain that she would pull it off. She photographic installations in her doctoral was also genuinely surprised when she social projects and cultural exhibition, The Refusal, question ideas won the Grange Prize: “That was really notions, alongside her of conformity and difference, breeding quite something,” she explains, “because academic pursuits and eugenics, and invite us to consider although the shortlist was selected by how society is shaped and controlled by international curators and critics, the cultural notions of perfection. But she final winner was chosen by public vote; was determined not to be typecast as a it was particularly touching to have both ‘dog photographer’. professional and public recognition.” Jo’s fellowship – held part-time at Gaining academic recognition is the European Centre for Photographic more of a work in progress, however. Still Research, University of Wales, Newport – in its infancy, particularly at postdoctoral allowed her to develop a parallel case level, practice-led research tends to be study, Perfect, exploring the competitive undervalued within academia, Jo says: world of élite gymnastics in a way that is “Research through art practice is just as rarely made visible: “For me, the research demanding – maybe even more so – than wasn’t concerned with creating perfect research which is purely text-based, but photographs or perfect performances; it is often seen as less valid. My Early but rather about exploring the human Career Fellowship was particularly special experience of striving for perfection, and because I felt very much supported by how this shapes personal and national the Leverhulme, and encouraged to identities, as well as social and political develop my work through my practice, as systems” Jo explains. The work she created well as the usual academic outputs.” On has since won her wide acclaim – including completion of her Fellowship Jo travelled one of the most prestigious international to Canada to undertake a residency at the contemporary photography awards, the Art Gallery of Ontario, and on her return, Art Gallery of Ontario’s Grange Prize after giving a keynote on Other Spaces 2012 – although, as Jo remembers, some at the ‘On the Verge of Photography’ of the gymnasts she worked with were not Conference at Birmingham School of that impressed at the time: “For them a Art, she was offered a research fellowship photographer was a sports photographer there. Now Senior Research Fellow and who took certain types of images; they part-time Professor of Photography and were constantly disappointed by the Fine Art Practice, Jo continues to pioneer artistic experimentation that was going practice-led research, and is currently on,” she laughs. working on new artworks with gymnasts The projectov pr ed challenging from from a social project in a Rio favela, which the start: difficulties gaining access to the further develops her interest in cultural gymnasts; difficult working conditions in notions of perfection.

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33250 USE LEVERHULME AR 2015.indd 65 04/05/2016 11:24 66 WHAT HAPPENED NEXT DR ELEANOR ROSAMUND BARRACLOUGH

“It was absolutely the best thing to happen to me in my professional career”

Eleanor Rosamund Eleanor Rosamund Barraclough was almost deserted, the Greenland of today, leaving the academic world for good. After like the Greenland of the pioneering Barraclough’s fellowship seven years in the Department of Anglo- Norsemen, is notoriously difficult to get took her from a prospective Saxon, Norse and Celtic at the University around and Eleanor’s first fieldtrip was career in advertising to of Cambridge, she had an honours degree, conducted almost entirely on horseback; an MPhil, a PhD… and an overwhelming the second was in a boat navigated by its an academic discovery of desire never to set foot in another library. owner, a local caribou hunter. Eleanor also the world of the Vikings Instead, she took an internship at a travelled south to Rome, following in the London advertising agency, soon making footsteps of Norse pilgrims; then east to depicted in the literature herself an indispensable member of the Istanbul, the site of the former Byzantine of their sagas, and a team. But the day they offered her a capital, Constantinople, where Vikings permanent lectureship permanent contract was the same day she had worked as traders, mercenaries, received the offer of a 2011 Early Career and even as the emperor’s personal Fellowship at Oxford University: “There bodyguards. Finally, she headed to Arctic was a horrible moment of indecision Norway, following the trail taken by when I could see these two paths ahead the ninth-century Norse explorer and of me,” Eleanor says. But the generosity trader, Ohthere, from Tromsø to Europe’s of the Leverhulme fellowship tempted northernmost point. Travelling along the her back to academia, to write a book on craggy landscapes of that wild northern the Viking world depicted in the Norse coastline route, it was easy to imagine sagas. Although a project based on literary the trolls and giants and other-wordly analysis of medieval texts, Eleanor’s plans creatures that lurk in the mythological for the £6,000 annual research budget sagas of the far North. were anything but bookish. In 2013, Eleanor was selected as The Vikings of the sagas were not one of the BBC/AHRC New Generation only fearsome warriors but pioneering Thinkers, and commissioned to make a settlers, farmers, traders; and above all radio documentary on her search for the explorers. From Iceland they travelled Supernatural North. Aired on Radio 3, her north to Arctic Norway, south to the programme also featured on Radio 4’s Pick Holy Land, east to the Russian kingdoms, of the Week, giving the BBC the irresistible and west to Greenland and the fringes opportunity to rebroadcast Eleanor asking: of North America. For her Leverhulme “What are you going to do to me with project, Eleanor travelled to each point of that walrus penis bone?” as she was the Viking compass, following the trails knighted into the Royal and Ancient Polar of some of these medieval adventurers and Bear Society with an object resembling a working with local experts, from a range baseball bat. Now a lecturer in Medieval of disciplines, to discover what could be English at Durham University, she has no found of the world remembered and re- regrets about her career U-turn, saying: “It imagined in the saga literature. was absolutely the best thing to happen to The fellowship funded “two glorious me in my professional career.” Eleanor’s summers” in Greenland, exploring the book: Beyond the Northlands: Viking Viking settlements founded in the tenth Voyages and the Old Norse Sagas will be century by Eric the Red. Vast, icy and published by Oxford University Press.

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33250 USE LEVERHULME AR 2015.indd 68 04/05/2016 11:24 WHAT HAPPENED NEXT 69 DR RAHUL RAVEENDRAN NAIR

“I had the freedom I needed to prove myself as an independent researcher”

An Early Career Fellowship In 2012, graphene was back in the news. his independent career.”This turns Its growing list of ‘miracle’ properties with out to be one of Rahul’s characteristic not only enabled Rahul potentially world-changing applications understatements. His role model Nair to carry out ground- have proved a rich source of headlines was Konstantin – now Professor Sir breaking research on the since 2004, when Manchester University’s Konstantin – whose 2004 Early Career Andre Geim and Konstantin Novosolev Fellowship had supported some of the properties of graphene first reported its discovery. Although research recognised with the 2010 Nobel oxide membranes, but also probably most famous for its remarkable Prize that he shares with Andre Geim. ability to conduct electrons, this one-atom Although work on graphene oxide acted as a springboard thick lattice of carbon atoms has many membranes was not in his original to establishing his own other unique and often surprising features: fellowship proposal, Rahul soon shifted his research group and an the world’s thinnest material it is focus to stay ahead of the competition in nevertheless the strongest ever measured; this emerging area. Within two years, independent research career it is transparent yet so dense that even he had secured more than £2 million in the smallest of gases, helium, cannot pass industry support, established his own through it. research group and published more Rahul Nair, a PhD student in Andre’s ground-breaking research on the properties group, was studying the permeability of a of graphene oxide membranes. In 2014, derivative of graphene, when he uncovered Rahul resigned from his Leverhulme a particularly intriguing new property. He award to take up a prestigious five-year found that sealing a metal container with a Royal Society Research Fellowship: “This graphene oxide membrane made it vacuum wouldn’t have been possible without tight, preventing even helium leaking the Leverhulme Fellowship, particularly through; but to his surprise, water vapour the opportunity it gave me to become could escape as though the membrane principal or co-investigator of many wasn’t even there. To demonstrate just how research grants. I had the freedom I unexpected this behaviour was, Rahul and needed to prove myself as an independent Andre sealed a container of vodka with a researcher.” graphene oxide membrane and left it for a Recently promoted to Reader, Rahul few days. The water evaporated but the more continues to explore the properties of volatile alcohol molecules were trapped: graphene oxide-based membranes and the vodka got stronger and stronger. The their potential applications. His research Science article reporting their findings team is making promising progress sparked global interest from academics and towards membranes to separate water industry alike, while the demonstration of from mixtures of gases; and as coatings graphene’s latest ‘miracle’ property created to protect against corrosion. “More something of a media storm. interesting but also more challenging, Soon after, Rahul took up his 2012 we are trying to develop a graphene Early Career Fellowship for a project to oxide-based water filter [such filters study the superconductivity of graphene may offer the solution to one of the and other two-dimensional materials. He greatest challenges facing society today says he applied for the award because he by providing a potentially cheap and knew that one of his senior colleagues efficient way of producing freshwater had held an Early Career Fellowship, “and from our Earth’s oceans] so, there we have I could see from his CV that this had more competition,” he says “but if we are definitely helped him with establishing successful, it will also be very good.”

33250 USE LEVERHULME AR 2015.indd 69 04/05/2016 11:24 70 WHAT HAPPENED NEXT DR RICHARD MORTON

“Leverhulme funding has helped me continue building my career as a scientist”

Why is the atmosphere of a In 2011, the UK Government added a telescope, an instrument particularly new threat to the National Risk Register: useful for observing Alfven waves on the cool star a million degrees severe space weather. So reliant have we outermost layer of the Sun’s atmosphere. hotter than its surface? become on our high-tech infrastructure, Analysing data from CoMP and NASA’s With his current Early that such an event could cause worldwide solar satellite, Richard and his colleagues devastation, disrupting communications, made the discovery that the magnetic Career Fellowship Richard satellite navigation systems, and the waves they were studying travel in both Morton’s research aims to power grid network. In response, the directions along the Sun’s magnetic field. Met Office nowov pr ides daily updates Published in Nature Communications, advance our understanding of the outlook from space and is working 2015, this finding is particularly exciting of this mystery by exploiting with US experts to develop an effective because the collision of these oppositely- ultra-modern telescopes to forecasting service; but our understanding directed tsunamic waves could release of the fundamental physical processes that the energy to feed the solar wind. Future investigate solar waves drive space storms still lags far behind studies should reveal how much energy that of the more Earthly variety. the waves supply and may help to forecast Space weather results from solar solar wind speeds. activity, including a ferocious wind that Another highlight from Richard’s streams off the Sun at speeds ranging from first year of Leverhulme support was 500,000 to 2,000,000 miles an hour. What leading Northumbria’s successful bid drives this wind – and specifically what to join a consortium of international role powerful solar magnetic waves, known institutions contributing to the Daniel as Alfven waves, play in its acceleration – K Inouye Solar telescope (DKIST). is the focus of a project led by current Currently in construction on Haleakala Early Career Fellow, Dr Richard Morton Mountain on the island of Maui, Hawaii, at Northumbria University. Richard’s this will be the world’s biggest solar research combines analytical modelling telescope and will pick up unprecedented with observations obtained by state-of- detail on the Sun’s surface. Without the-art telescopes; and the significant distractions, such as the potentially heavy contributions he has made to magnetic teaching burden associated with his wave theory and magnetoseismology of university fellowship, Richard has been able the Sun were recently recognised with the to focus on Northumbria’s contribution 2015 Royal Astronomical Society Winton to DKIST, which aims to develop the Capital Award in geophysics. software needed for the automated tracking Richard moved to Northumbria in detection of solar waves. “Leverhulme 2012 to join the newly established Solar funding has helped me continue Research Group on a three-year university building my career as a scientist,” he says. research fellowship but resigned that “Without it I wouldn’t have had as much position to take up a Leverhulme Early time to write the DKIST bid or to be Career Fellowship in 2014. In the first year as involved with it as I am now.” Much of his Leverhulme fellowship, Richard of Richard’s remaining fellowship will spent time at the US National Centre be devoted to developing wave tracking for Atmospheric Research in Colorado, techniques; success will secure a position working with other solar researchers of leadership for the Solar Research Group including Dr Steven Tomczyk. Steven is to exploit the data from this revolutionary one of the designers of the Hawaii-based telescope, but there’s a lot of work to be Coronal Multichannel Polarimeter (CoMP) done before first light in 2019.

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Below. The Sun’s lower atmosphere. Light from calcium atoms can be used to probe the fine-scale magnetic structures of the Sun. The picture shows the chromosphere (left) and photosphere (right) above a sunspot, as seen in calcium. Data is from the Swedish Solar Telescope, observed by V. Henriques. Image designed by R. Morton.

33250 USE LEVERHULME AR 2015.indd 71 04/05/2016 11:24 72 AWARDS MADE

33250 USE LEVERHULME AR 2015.indd 72 04/05/2016 11:24 AWARDS MADE 73 AWARDS MADE

Find listings for all awards made by the Trust in 2015. Details are given for each of the funding schemes across the Sciences, Humanities and Social Sciences

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Dr Steve Atkinson Professor Tim Blackburn Leverhulme Research University of Nottingham University College London Centres Human body lice – a missing link in The phylogenetics of invasions: untangling plague outbreaks? evolutionary and human historical Institutions receive up to £10,000,000 over £151,469 contexts in the introduction and spread of ten years. alien bird species Dr Wael Bahsoun £100,211 Loughborough University Professor David Beerling Statistical properties of dynamical Dr Andrew Brennan University of Sheffield systems: an interplay between University of Dundee The Leverhulme Centre for Climate randomness and determinism Influence of plant roots on soil resistance Change Mitigation £126,818 to earthquake-induced liquefaction £168,111 Professor Sue Black Dr Michail Barkoulas University of Dundee Imperial College London Dr Marc Buehner The Leverhulme Centre for Forensic Science Quantitative evolution of nematode gene Cardiff University regulatory networks Time and causality in cognitive development Professor Andrew Cooper £173,412 £228,829 University of Liverpool The Leverhulme Centre for Functional Professor Paul Barlow Dr Silvana Cardoso Materials Design University of Edinburgh University of Cambridge Probing regulation of the complement Precipitation reactions in environmental plumes: Professor Huw Price system by factor H on biomimetic implication for oceanic methane releases University of Cambridge surfaces £204,433 The Leverhulme Centre for the Future of £218,671 Intelligence Professor Tracey Chapman Professor Martin Barstow University of East Anglia University of Leicester Evolutionary genomics of the enigmatic Fundamental physics from observations male sex peptide: a ‘master regulator’ of Research Project Grants of white dwarf stars female reproduction £349,540 £55,399 Sciences Dr Ulrike Bechtold Professor Brian Charlesworth Dr Nicola Allison University of Essex University of Edinburgh University of St Andrews Sugar signalling during drought Analysing genomewide patterns of DNA The control of coral biomineralisation stress; do plants suffer diabetes when sequence variation and evolution in Drosophila £169,406 stressed? £164,333 £229,949 Dr Simon Ameer-Beg Professor Daniel Charman King’s College London Professor Simon Belt University of Exeter Super-resolved functional mapping of University of Plymouth Holocene evolution of the Southern Annular protein–protein interactions A novel proxy for reconstructing polar Mode using novel peat isotope proxies £390,143 ocean temperatures £245,011 £164,557 Dr Edward Anderson Dr Dylan Childs University of Oxford Professor Michael Benton University of Sheffield Sequence-based stereochemical prediction: a University of Bristol Individual energy budgets, life histories new tool for polyketide structure elucidation The exceptional early Jurassic fossils of and population dynamics in the field £161,082 Strawberry Bank, Somerset £159,336 £240,754 Professor Peter Andras Dr Barbara Ciani University of Keele Professor Timothy Birkhead University of Sheffield Designing and validating novel voltage- University of Sheffield Designing recyclable self-assembled sensitive dyes for neuroscience research Evolution of avian egg design fibrous biomaterials £178,374 £261,958 £163,670

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Professor Jonathan Clayden Dr Claire Cousins Dr Angel Cuesta University of Bristol University of St Andrews University of Aberdeen Dynamic communication through Looking for life in the UV: fluorescence Electroreduction of carbon dioxide in reorganisable hydrogen bond networks as a tool for planetary exploration room temperature ionic liquids £195,989 £159,971 £138,278

Dr Claudia Clopath Professor Ian Crawford Dr Clare Cunningham Imperial College London Birkbeck, University of London Abertay University Receptive field development through Assessing the potential of lunar geology Effects of social and practical experience synaptic plasticity as a window into galactic history on tool manipulation skills in small apes £98,351 £174,468 £121,780

Dr Ben Collen Dr Mark Crimmin Professor Nicholas Dale University College London Imperial College London University of Warwick

Predicting the dynamics of African Sigma-Bond activation with weakly- Structural basis of the CO2 sensitivity of ecosystems under multiple pressures coordinated sigma-complexes of copper(I) Cx26 and role in human physiology £293,535 £116,532 £172,834

Dr Serena Corr Professor Darren Croft Dr Silvia Dalla University of Glasgow University of Exeter University of Central Lancashire Multifunctional magnetic nanocomposites The evolution of eye salience as a signal Predicting solar energetic particle for artefact conservation for communication radiation at Earth and Mars £263,345 £186,907 £159,542

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Professor Peter Davidson Professor Simone Di Giovanni Dr Christopher Duffy University of Cambridge Imperial College London Queen Mary, University of London Are planetary magnetic fields generated The novel role of reactive oxygen species Carotenoids in light harvesting: a general and maintained by inertial waves? in axonal growth and regeneration molecular theory £246,028 £280,030 £149,718

Dr Charlotte Dean Dr Simon Doherty Dr Bertram Düring Imperial College London Newcastle University University of Sussex Real-time imaging of murine Engineering high performance alkaline Novel discretisations of higher-order alveolarisation anion membranes for electrochemical nonlinear PDE £112,933 applications £257,236 £106,871 Dr Alfonso De Simone Dr Gregory Edgecombe Imperial College London Professor Andrew Dove Natural History Museum Biomolecular mechanisms in University of Warwick Anomalocaridids and the origin heterogeneous systems: the interfacial Alkene-containing polymers: novel of arthropods: the view from activation of lipases synthetic elastomers inspired by nature Chengjiang £189,084 £184,714 £144,321

Dr Bruno Dhuime Professor Judith Driscoll Professor Martin Eimer University of Bristol University of Cambridge Birkbeck, University of London Silicate mineral inclusions and the Next generation electronic devices using a Neural and cognitive mechanisms of composition of new continental crust new thin film multimodal working memory £184,313 £241,069 £185,528

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Dr Roberto Filippi Professor Douglas Heggie Professor Tom Little Anglia Ruskin University University of Edinburgh University of Edinburgh An investigation of the effects of New science from the phase space of Cross-generational epigenetic effects of multi-language acquisition across the dense stellar systems age and diet restriction lifespan £177,131 £202,932 £279,774 Professor Alistair Hetherington Dr Karen Lander Dr Sergi Garcia-Manyes University of Bristol University of Manchester King’s College London UVA signalling in plants Investigating the role of movement in the LINC-ing nanomechanics to gene £63,676 recognition of identity from facial expression: a single molecule approach composites £199,066 Professor Peter Hollingsworth £92,703 Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh Dr Emmanuil Georgoulis Using DNA to understand bamboo and Dr Jonathan Lee University of Leicester the complexity of giant panda diet University of Birmingham Reduced complexity finite element £253,608 Stimulating the destabilisation of fear and methods traumatic memories £199,662 Professor Christopher Howe £180,843 University of Cambridge Professor Andrew Goodwin Biological photovoltaic cells in ultra-small Dr Bruno Linclau University of Oxford volumes University of Southampton Ice-like structural disorder in transition- £171,844 19F NMR exchange spectroscopy of metal cyanides polyfluorosugar transport across cell £223,543 Professor Herbert Huppert membranes University of Cambridge £102,266 Professor Malcolm Halcrow Carbon dioxide sequestration: University of Leeds theory, experimental and field Dr Paul Lusby Exploiting a spin-crossover module in verifications University of Edinburgh materials chemistry and nanoscience £159,625 Autonomous, photochemically-fuelled £177,228 molecular machines Dr Simon Jones £248,081 Professor Karl Hale University of Sheffield Queen’s University Belfast Multifunctional catalysts for selective Dr Dermot Lynott Towards a new total synthesis of phosphoryl transfer University of Lancaster (+)-acutiphycin via O-directed £50,556 If it looks like a duck: emergent hydrostannation categorical structure in the human £245,468 Dr Antonios Kanaras conceptual system University of Southampton £132,423 Dr Karen Halliday Nanoparticles with synergistic roles: University of Edinburgh sensing and drug delivery Professor Phil Luthert cpRNA proteins: novel candidates for £191,412 University College London environmental control of photosynthesis Nature-inspired engineering solutions for £122,897 Dr Euan Kay the optimisation of heat and mass transfer University of St Andrews systems Professor William Harwin Switching on colloidal catalysts £111,809 University of Reading with rotaxane nanoparticle 3D learning in a rich cooperative haptic monolayers Professor Andrei Malkov environment £252,602 Loughborough University £253,141 A novel approach to asymmetric synthesis Dr Kayla King of homoallylic amines Dr Ross Hatton University of Oxford £162,456 University of Warwick Transitions to defensive mutualism: Engineering hybrid interface materials for an experimental coevolution Dr Eros Mariani thin film photovoltaics approach University of Exeter £166,140 £226,955 Quantum drum £258,209 Professor Daniel Haydon Professor Ludmila Kuncheva University of Glasgow Bangor University Professor Frank Marken From observation to intervention: Prototype selection from streaming, University of Bath overcoming weak data with new drifting and partly-labelled data using New materials for ionic diodes and ionic approaches to complex biological problems classifier ensembles photodiodes £181,909 £226,625 £204,712

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Dr Nathan Mayne Dr Maria Paz Munoz-Herranz Dr Richard Payne University of Exeter University of East Anglia University of York Examining cloud-induced variability in New transition-metal catalysed cascade Quantifying carbon accumulation and brown dwarfs cyclisations of tris(allenes) loss in afforested peatlands £235,677 £161,730 £107,831

Dr Sylvia McLain Dr Naomi Nakayama Dr Deborah Pearce University of Oxford University of Edinburgh Oxford Brookes University Atomic scale insights into the role of The form and function of the dandelion pMMO in plants for methane water and urea in the protein-folding fruit detoxification and as a carbon negative process £340,626 biofuel £249,313 £113,868 Professor Kate Nation Dr James McLaughlin University of Oxford Dr Annette Plaut Northumbria University The Oxford children’s corpus: lessons for University of Exeter Revealing the fundamental nature of time- learning to read Controlled stress – thermally inducing dependent, wave-generating reconnection £182,196 strain in graphene £199,773 £133,013 Dr Emily Nurse Professor Simon McQueen-Mason University College London Dr Simon Pope University of York A novel technique to search for Cardiff University Mannitol metabolism in marine dark matter at the Large Hadron Decorated diamonds: new luminescent microalgae: physiology and Collider hybrid materials applications £288,386 £168,148 £249,173 Dr Gabriela Ochoa Dr Nikola Popovic Dr Reinhold Medina University of Stirling University of Edinburgh Queen’s University Belfast The cartography of computational search The nature of gene expression: Exploring a novel role for interferon spaces model selection and parameter signalling in cellular senescence £99,147 inference £260,505 £130,477 Dr Gareth Owen Professor Joanna Morgan University of South Wales Professor Alexander Ruban Imperial College London Hydrogen atom storage catalysts: new Queen Mary, University of London Santorini: high-resolution imaging of an reaction pathways and novel synthetic Inside the photosynthetic membrane of active volcano with 3D full-waveform transformations diatoms inversion £190,842 £181,352 £228,055 Dr Susan Perkin Dr Shuzo Sakata Dr Louis Morrill University of Oxford University of Strathclyde Cardiff University Electric and magnetic field effects on The function of sub-second brain waves in The productive merger of organocatalysis confined liquids REM sleep and frustrated Lewis pairs £241,665 £232,495 £175,992 Professor Lazaros Papageorgiou Professor Manuel Salmeron-Sanchez Dr Julie Morrissey University College London University of Glasgow University of Leicester A unified framework for formulating and Living interfaces based on non- Air pollution is changing the behaviour of solving optimisation problems of multiple pathogenic bacteria to control stem cell bacteria classes differentiation £196,713 £240,311 £182,536

Professor Klaus Muller-Dethlefs Dr Kevin Paterson Professor Tatjana Sauka-Spengler University of Manchester University of Leicester University of Oxford Non-covalent interactions: an Revealing effects of ageing on parafoveal Deciphering neural crest gene regulatory experimental and theoretical pathway processing during reading circuitry in the lamprey towards exact binding energies £150,302 £278,139 £153,531 Professor Martin Paterson Dr Carola-Bibiane Schönlieb Dr John Mulley Heriot-Watt University University of Cambridge Bangor University The density matrix renormalisation group Breaking through the non-convexity Mapping the gerbil genome for inorganic photochemistry barrier – optimisation of imaging problems £182,005 £142,397 £232,604

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Professor Dmitry Shalashilin University of Leeds Understanding the mechanisms of photostability of biochemical building blocks from quantum simulation and imaging experiments £298,670

Professor Zheng-Ming Sheng University of Strathclyde Attosecond light pulses at unprecedented peak power £151,577

Dr Hannah Siddle University of Southampton Identifying peptide candidates for a vaccine against the contagious cancer, Devil Facial Tumour Disease £183,759

Dr Joy Singarayer University of Reading Testing the influence of lake/wetland- climate feedbacks on African hydroclimate £144,570

Professor Dmitry Skryabin University of Bath Solitons and frequency combs in micro- ring resonators £138,083 Dr David Summers Dr Nicholas Waterfield University of Cambridge University of Warwick Dr Victoria Southgate Indole signalling and the electrical Understanding and exploiting natural Birkbeck, University of London properties of the bacterial cell molecular syringes A longitudinal investigation of the membrane £285,282 development of mimicry in infancy £162,118 £254,146 Dr Allan Watson Dr Paul Taylor University of Strathclyde Dr Imogen Sparkes Natural History Museum Can amine catalysis generate synthetically University of Exeter Origin of high tropical diversity: a test useful carbenes? Biophysical and molecular characterisation using bryozoans £101,689 of ER-organelle interactions in plants £129,039 £258,716 Professor Andrew Weller Professor Adrian Thomas University of Oxford Professor Stephen Sparks University of Oxford The coordination chemistry of light University of Bristol Adaptations for low drag, alkanes with metal centres: a homologous Global explosive volcanism, their hazards downforce and eddy use in hill series of sigma–alkane complexes, C–H and influence on climate stream loaches activation and catalysis £257,688 £221,958 £95,136

Dr Karen Spencer Professor Geoffrey Vallis Professor Mark Weller University of St Andrews University of Exeter University of Bath Social networking: understanding the The atmosphere, ocean and climate of Rare earth element free, sustainable yellow neuroendocrine basis of gregarious behaviour Earth and other planets orange phosphors £107,920 £246,785 £150,693

Dr James Sprittles Dr Baojun Wang Dr Raymond Wightman University of Warwick University of Edinburgh University of Cambridge Skating on thin nanofilms: how liquid Programmable single-cell biocomputers How cell wall components contribute to the drops impact solids with scalable signal processing capacity function of the shoot apical meristem in plants £145,619 £160,211 £156,708

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Professor Gregory Wildgoose Professor Terry Brown Dr Peter Gurney University of East Anglia University of Manchester University of Essex Developing metal-free electrocatalysts for The identity of the mysterious ‘new glume National Service life stories: masculinity, renewable hydrogen production wheat’ of early European agriculture class and the memory of conscription in £84,157 £146,043 Britain £222,779 Dr Joseph Wright Dr Fiona Edmonds University of East Anglia University of Cambridge Professor Carole Hough

Hydrogen bonding relays for CO2 Brittany and the Atlantic archipelago: University of Glasgow activation: taking a lead from biology contact, myth and history, 450–1200 Recovering the earliest English £162,655 £139,309 language in Scotland: evidence from place-names Professor Keke Zhang Professor Mark Edmonds £274,523 University of Exeter University of York The non-spherical geodynamo Sound tracks: acoustic landscapes in the Dr Siobhan Lambert-Hurley driven by both convection and past and present Loughborough University precession £88,682 Veiled voyagers: Muslim women £203,163 travellers from Asia and the Middle Dr Joanna Evans East University College London £91,977 Humanities Luis Buñuel: a life in letters £252,238 Professor Adam Ledgeway Professor Paul Allain University of Cambridge University of Kent Professor Malcolm Gaskill Fading voices in Southern Italy: Physical actor training – an online A–Z University of East Anglia investigating language contact in Magna and ebook Inner lives: emotions, identity and the Graecia £76,908 supernatural, 1300–1900 £253,863 £249,524 Dr Jackson Armstrong Ms Frances Lennard University of Aberdeen Professor Ian Gregory University of Glasgow Law in the Aberdeen council registers University of Lancaster From the golden age to the digital age: 1398–1511: concepts, practices, Geospatial innovation in the digital modelling and monitoring historic geographies humanities: a deep map of the Lake District tapestries £310,455 £230,954 £204,283

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Dr Francesca Leoni Dr Andrew Malcolm Taylor Dr Stephen Jivraj University of Oxford University of Edinburgh University College London Divination and art in the medieval and The Cantos Project A life-course approach to neighbourhood early modern Islamic world, 1200–1800 £307,852 effects £107,547 £141,323 Professor Gregory Toner Professor Alan Lester Queen’s University Belfast Dr Christopher Lloyd University of Sussex Dating of medieval texts through University of Liverpool Snapshots of empire: managing a diverse regressive analysis of the lexicon Mapping lineages: quantifying the empire all at once £229,345 evolution of maps of the British Isles £134,935 £186,832 Dr Catherine Whistler Dr Lisa Lewis University of Oxford University of South Wales Transforming our understanding of Dr Alberto Montagnoli Welsh and Khasi cultural dialogues: an Raphael with eloquence in drawing as a University of Sheffield interdisciplinary arts and performance research theme The impact of austerity policies on the project £135,265 wellbeing of individuals in Europe £286,349 £109,726

Professor Donald MacRaild Social Sciences Professor Ben Rampton University of Ulster King’s College London The Irish and British famine, Professor Miriam Bernard Adult language socialisation in the Sri 1845–1850: comparing lives lost and University of Keele Lankan Tamil diaspora in London lives saved The ageing of British gerontology: learning £227,532 £235,454 from the past to inform the future £140,606 Dr Olmo Silva Dr Albert Remijsen London School of Economics and Political University of Edinburgh Dr Mitchell Callan Science A descriptive analysis of the Shilluk University of Essex A randomised control trial to identify language Rejecting innocent victims: the roles of the causal effect of accelerator £216,564 relative judgments and emotional impact programmes £103,128 £234,029 Professor David Reynolds University of Cambridge Professor Richard Disney Stalin’s correspondence with Institute for Fiscal Studies Professor David Thomas Churchill and Roosevelt in World War Two Modelling heterogeneity in University of Oxford £138,996 microeconomic investment hazards Landscape archaeology of the Kalahari: £124,167 how did major hydrological shifts affect Professor Neil Roberts Stone Age mobility and landscape use in University of Plymouth Dr Jonathan Dean the late Quaternary? Changing the face of the Mediterranean: University of Leeds £234,895 land cover and population since the advent Exploring left-wing populism in an age of of farming anti-politics Dr Jenny Thomson £298,065 £141,454 University of Sheffield Evaluating the effect of exposure to Dr Sarah Semple Professor Igor Goncharov digital text on early literacy Durham University University of Lancaster development People and place: the making of the Accounting-based value: when is £189,038 Kingdom of Northumbria, 300–800 CE accounting useful in determining firm value? £275,742 £79,678 Dr Mirco Tonin Professor Richard Sharpe Professor Geoffrey Haddock University of Southampton University of Oxford Cardiff University The long-term effects of property rights The medieval books of Canterbury The impact of mindfulness on values and and institutional ownership on regional Cathedral attitudes development £117,425 £153,878 £119,820

Professor Stephen Shennan Professor Adam Hardy Dr Kate Weiner University College London Cardiff University University of Sheffield Supply and demand in prehistory? Economics The Nagara tradition of temple architecture: Knowledge, care and the practices of self- of Neolithic mining in NW Europe continuity, transformation, renewal monitoring £370,464 £270,284 £217,770

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International Networks Professor Dirk Göttsche Professor Hew Strachan University of Nottingham University of Oxford Landscapes of realism: rethinking Hunger draws the map: blockade and food Sciences literary realism(s) in global comparative shortages in Europe, 1914–1922 perspective £92,625 Professor Feodor Borodich £124,942 Cardiff University Professor Joan Taylor Nano-phenomena and functionality of Professor Axel Körner King’s College London modern carbon-based tribo-coatings University College London Network for the study of dispersed £124,988 Re-imagining italianità: opera and musical Qumran caves artefacts and archival sources culture in transnational perspective £119,252 Dr Chiara Ciccarelli £124,789 University of Cambridge Professor Martin Thomas Interplay between spin-currents and Dr Toby Meadows University of Exeter magnetisation dynamics in anti- University of Aberdeen Understanding insurgencies – resonances ferromagnets Set theoretic pluralism: indeterminacy from the colonial past £40,500 and foundations £116,833 £105,728 Professor Ivan Konoplev Professor James Thompson University of Oxford Professor Peter Mitchell University of Manchester Advanced research on generation of THz University of Oxford In place of war: international network of and X-ray radiation Spanning the Atlantic: human cultural spaces £115,589 palaeodemography in southern £117,497 hemisphere drylands £119,932 Humanities Social Sciences Professor Gary D Morgan Dr Marianne Ailes City University London Dr Xuebing Cao University of Bristol Trans-national perspectives on sign University of Keele Charlemagne: a European icon. language learning Collective pay determination and changing Charlemagne in different European cultures £119,371 labour relations in globalised China £110,839 £105,873 Dr Cormac Newark Professor Anthony Bale Guildhall School of Music and Drama Professor Martha Mundy Birkbeck, University of London Screen adaptations of Le Fantôme de London School of Economics and Political Science Pilgrim libraries: books and reading on the l’Opéra: routes of cultural transfer Agricultural transformation and agrarian medieval routes to Jerusalem and Rome £109,200 questions in the Arab world £112,131 £123,780 Dr Simon Potter Dr Jenny Benham University of Bristol Dr Patricia Noxolo Cardiff University Connecting the wireless world: writing University of Birmingham Voices of law: language, text and practice global radio history Caribbean in/securities: creativity and £79,464 £100,592 negotiation in the Caribbean £118,908 Dr Maud Bracke Professor Dee Reynolds University of Glasgow University of Manchester Ms Cher Potter Translating feminism: transfer, Evaluating methods of aesthetic enquiry University of the Arts London transgression, transformation, c.1960– across disciplines Design futures in sub-Saharan Africa 1990 £122,941 £85,057 £108,509 Dr Alexandra Shepard Professor David Stark Professor Douglas Cairns University of Glasgow University of Warwick University of Edinburgh Producing change: gender and work in Performances of value: competition and Emotions through time: from antiquity to early modern Europe competitions inside and outside markets Byzantium £106,012 £66,676 £99,257 Dr Natalia Sobrevilla Perea Professor Philip Steinberg Professor Robert Gildea University of Kent Durham University University of Oxford War and nation: identity and the process Project on indeterminate and changing A transnational approach to resistance in of state-building in South America, environments: law, the Anthropocene and Europe, 1936–1948 1800–1840 the world £90,886 £121,313 £124,925

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Dr Charles Walton Professor Emma Dillon Professor Ian McBride University of Warwick King’s College London King’s College London Rights, duties and the politics of obligation: The romance of song: the early trouvères The penal times: religion and society in socio-economic rights in history and their reception, 1150–1350 Ireland, 1685–1800 £69,910 £153,888 £96,812

Professor William Fitzgerald Professor Lydia Morris King’s College London University of Essex Major Research The aesthetics of neoclassicism: a study The moral economy of welfare and Fellowships in white migration: reconfiguring rights in £92,138 Britain £177,610 Professor Richard Aldrich Professor Robert Frost University of Warwick University of Aberdeen Professor Stephen Mumford The end of secrecy? Whistle-blowers, The Polish-Lithuanian commonwealth, University of Nottingham electronic data and the transparent state 1569–1815 Absences, nothings, lacks and limits £161,871 £165,014 £158,534

Professor Louise Amoore Professor Maria Fumagalli Professor Susie Nash Durham University University of Essex Courtauld Institute of Art, University of Ethics of algorithm Derek Walcott’s painters London £88,270 £165,297 Making lists: inventories and objects at the courts of France Professor Rupert Brown Professor Julian Hoppit £92,520 University of Sussex University College London Henri Tajfel: his life, his work and his Public finances and the union, 1707–1978 Professor Niamh Nic Shuibhne legacy £152,389 University of Edinburgh £151,683 (Con)founding the union: Professor Clare Lees equal treatment in an unequal Professor Tony Brown King’s College London Europe University of Southampton The contemporary arts and early medieval £160,284 Jomon wetland archaeology: a new palaeo- culture in Britain and Ireland nutritional approach £100,436 Professor Thomas Osborne £88,440 University of Bristol Professor Patricia Lundy Political ethics and the liberalism Professor Brian Cheffins University of Ulster of fear University of Cambridge An analysis of the historical institutional £93,110 Transformation of the public company abuse inquiry: survivor perspectives £116,193 £93,528 Professor Daniel Power Swansea University The separation of England and France, 1204–1259 £94,817

Professor Anita Prazmowska London School of Economics and Political Science The cold war jigsaw. Poland’s role in the Angolan civil war, 1976–1986 £140,226

Professor Richard Rawlings University College London Devolution: a constitutional journey in Wales £151,441

Professor Deryn Rees-Jones University of Liverpool The house of stories: Paula Rego’s feminist making £84,446

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Dr Susan Rutherford Philip Leverhulme Prizes Dr Karin Sigloch University of Manchester University of Oxford A history of voices: singing in Britain, Seismological imaging and the structure, Prize winners receive £100,000, to be used 1690 to the present dynamics and evolution of Earth’s for any purpose that would advance their £150,601 interior research. Professor Michael Saward Dr Dominick Spracklen University of Warwick University of Leeds Democratic design: modelling political futures Classics Interactions between the biosphere, the £153,661 atmosphere and climate Dr Mirko Canevaro Professor Wendy Scase University of Edinburgh Dr Nicholas Tosca University of Birmingham Institutional, social and economic history University of Oxford Crafting English letters: a theory of of ancient Athens and of the Greek poleis Early co-evolution of Earth and life medieval scribal practice £123,585 Dr Esther Eidinow University of Nottingham Physics Professor Jan Stenger Ancient Greek religion and magic University of Glasgow Dr Jacopo Bertolotti The age of the pedagogue: late antiquity Dr Renaud Gagné University of Exeter and the metamorphosis of education University of Cambridge Light multiple scattering and imaging in £140,439 Ancient Greek literature and religion turbid media

Professor Dan Stone Dr Naoise Mac Sweeney Professor Jo Dunkley Royal Holloway, University of London University of Leicester University of Oxford Tracing the Holocaust: the international Cultural identity and interaction in Asia Minor Cosmology tracing service and European history £171,110 Dr Laura Swift Professor Daniele Faccio Open University Heriot-Watt University Dr Rebecca Sweetman Greek literature Science of light, from fundamental University of St Andrews studies to novel imaging The Roman and late antiquecl Cy ades: technologies networks, economy and religion Earth Sciences £109,282 Dr Philip King Dr John Rudge University of St Andrews Professor Carol Vincent University of Cambridge Electronic structure and University College London Theoretical geophysics and geochemistry emergent properties of quantum Cohering the community? School policy materials and practices around community cohesion Dr James Screen £109,487 University of Exeter Dr Suchitra Sebastian Climate variability and change in the University of Cambridge Professor Greg Walker polar regions and their global impacts Quantum condensed matter physics University of Edinburgh Creativity, identity and survival in Tudor England: the life of John Heywood £95,590

Professor Alan Williams University of Manchester The realisation of Rumi’s Masnavi £145,841

Professor Philip Williamson Durham University Royalty and religion in the British Isles since 1689 £127,569

Dr Christopher Wright Goldsmiths, University of London A life more photographic: mediated presence and photography’s possible futures £146,095

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Politics and International Visual and Performing Dr Alison Cook Durham University Relations Arts Glacier response to atmospheric and oceanic warming in the Canadian Arctic Dr John Bew Dr Sara Davidmann King’s College London University of the Arts London Dr Julie Daujat History, foreign policy and statecraft Photography and visual arts with a University of Nottingham focus on identity, family history and Fallow deer in Western Eurasia: bio- Dr Elena Fiddian-Qasmiyeh archives cultural history and conservation policy University College London Experiences of, and responses to, Dr Mattias Frey Dr Lorenzo Di Michele forced migration in/from the University of Kent University of Cambridge Middle East Film criticism, media historiography, Fundamental studies and applications of institutional analysis, and German, stimuli-responsive DNA-lipid mesophaes Dr Dominik Hangartner Austrian and European cinema London School of Economics and Political Dr Alexander Dunhill Science Ms Hannah Rickards University of Leeds Political behaviour, political University of the Arts London Geographic and environmental economy and comparative migration Moving image, sound, installation, use determinants of extinction in the studies of language in visual art, and musical Triassic–Jurassic composition Dr Laura Valentini Dr Susanna Ebmeier London School of Economics and Political Dr Martin Suckling University of Leeds Science University of York From neural to volcanic connectivity: Political theory, domestic, Music composition and performance volcano interactions from satellite data international and methodological foundations Ms Corin Sworn Dr Nayeli Gonzalez-Gomez University of Oxford Oxford Brookes University Professor Nick Vaughan-Williams Installation work that utilises Early language development under University of Warwick photography, film with both sculpture difficult circumstances: exploring International relations, border and found objects maturational and environmental factors security, migration, security and the everyday Dr Toni Gossmann University of Sheffield Evolutionary and molecular mechanisms Early Career Fellowships of fine scale recombination rate variation Psychology In 2015 Early Career Fellowships Dr Dermot Green Dr Caroline Catmur provided fifty percent of the salary costs Queen’s University Belfast King’s College London of a three-year research position, up to Many-body theory of positron Psychological and neural mechanisms of £24,000 a year, with the host university interactions with atoms and molecules social interaction providing the balance. Research expenses of £6,000 a year were also Dr Ufuk Günesdogan Dr Bhismadev Chakrabarti available. University of Cambridge University of Reading How cells become different: control of Emotion, affective, neuroscience, empathy gene activity during development and autism Sciences Dr Susan Haines Dr Steve Loughnan Dr Fiona Achcar University of Cambridge University of Edinburgh University of Glasgow Search for new sources of matter Understanding and attributing mind, Metabolic subversion in the interaction –antimatter asymmetries at the Large humanity and morality between leishmania and the macrophage Hadron Collider

Professor Liz Pellicano Dr Golnaz Badkobeh Dr Brianna Heazlewood University College London University of Warwick University of Oxford Autism science and developmental Scalable indexing and compression: Cold ion-molecule reactions in Coulomb cognitive science algorithms and combinatorics crystals

Professor Jonathan Roiser Dr Lauren Brent Dr Nicholas Horrocks University College London University of Exeter University of Cambridge Psychological and brain processes Social dynamics and the evolution of Phenotypic plasticity in reproductive underlying mental health problems cooperation investment in a rapidly changing world

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Dr Samuel Jarvis Dr William Unsworth Dr Annika Forkert University of Nottingham University of York University of Bristol Probing the mechanical properties of Dial-a-macrocycle: designer macrocycles Modernism’s missing link: the musical metal-coordinated molecules via successive ring expansion work of Elisabeth Lutyens and Edward Clark Dr Bram Kuijper Dr Paul Wilson University of Exeter University of Warwick Dr Huw Grange Experimental evolution of nongenetic Synthesis, evaluation and application of University of Oxford effects in C. elegans arsenical-linked polymer bioconjugates Developing dialogue: the old French ‘dialogue d’un père et d’un fils’ Dr Farzana Meru University of Cambridge Humanities Dr Daisy Hildyard Giant planet formation and evolution: a Northumbria University multi-angled approach Dr Temilola Alanamu Life stories: animals in fiction and University of Kent in fact Dr Samantha Oates Memories of gender among the University of Warwick postcolonial youth of Lagos, Nigeria Dr Sarah Howe Gamma-ray bursts as powerful University College London astronomical tools Dr Thomas Brigden Reading illustrated books in early modern Newcastle University England Dr Michael O’Toole Value in the view: constructing heritage University of Manchester values in urban views Dr Louise Iles Non-invasive neurological monitoring University of Sheffield using wideband electromagnetic Dr Iris Julia Buehrle The spread ofon ir metallurgy through the spectroscopy University of Oxford Old World: a new approach Dancing Shakespeare Dr Maris Ozols Dr Holly James-Maddocks University of Cambridge Dr Jesus Francisco Chairez Garza University of Birmingham Quantum information: non-locality, University of Leeds The illuminators of the middle English privacy and transmission Into the melting pot: global pragmatism poetic tradition and nation-building in India and Mexico Dr Simon Pearce Dr Boris Jardine University of Manchester Dr Joanne Cormac University of Cambridge A mathematical model of neuronal axon University of Nottingham The lost museums of Cambridge science, loss in ageing and neurodegeneration Multimedia composer biography 1865–1936

Dr Emma Pomeroy Dr Hannah Cornwell Dr Anneli Jefferson University of Cambridge School of Advanced Study, University of London University of Birmingham Archaeological insight into contemporary Spaces for diplomacy in the Roman Mental disorders, brain disorders and chronic disease risk among South Asians world moral responsibility

Dr Laura Richards Dr Arthur Dudney Dr Cath Keay University of Manchester University of Cambridge University of Edinburgh Tackling arsenic pollution in South/ Making Persianate people: histories of Extending the glass chain – Southeast Asia: a multipronged approach Persian literary education beyond Iran 100 years on

Dr Christopher Russo Dr Katherine East Dr Olesya Khromeychuk MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology Newcastle University University of East Anglia Sub-nanometre resolution imaging of Debating the probable: Ciceronian Female fighters in Russia, Poland individual biological molecules in their scepticism in enlightenment England, and Ukraine during the Second World native state 1645–1779 War

Dr Rosa Maria Sanchez Panchuelo Dr Chi-Hé Elder Dr Philippa Lewis University of Nottingham University of East Anglia University of Bristol Using ultra-high field MRI to study Pragmatics in interaction: an exploration A cultural and literary history sub-cortical and cortical sensory of miscommunication of shyness in nineteenth-century France processing Dr Jessica Fay Mr Richard McClary Dr Richard Staff University of Bristol University of Edinburgh University of Oxford William Wordsworth and Sir George Rediscovering medieval Muslim A synthesis of the radiocarbon and Beaumont: an artistic exchange, central Asia: a study of royal Qarakhanid Greenland ice-core timescales 1806–1827 tombs

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Dr Jonathan Morton Dr Julian Ross Dr John Taylor King’s College London University of Westminster University of Cambridge Ingenium: poetry and engineering in The image appears: slide projections in Powerful qualities and the ontology of Western Europe in the high middle international contemporary art, 2004– conscious experience ages present day Dr Emilia Terracciano Dr Erik Nystrom Dr Maeve Ryan University of Oxford University of Birmingham University of Leicester Murals for the ‘people’: global dimensions Synthesis of spatial texture topology in The British Empire and the geopolitics of for a public art in India, 1909–1977 composition and performance human rights in the nineteenth century Dr Sara Trevisan Dr Malcolm Petrie Dr Amanda Sciampacone University of Warwick University of Edinburgh University of Warwick Genesis, genealogy and the myth-making Liberalism, unionism and nationalism: Epidemic atmospheres: disease, climate, of British absolutism Scottish politics, c.1945–1983 and the unstable boundaries of empire Dr Lucy Underwood Dr Charles Pigott Dr Jean Smith University of Warwick University of Cambridge King’s College London Imagining Englands: confessionalisation, Ecological visions in Mayan and Quechua Empire in motion: conflict and Catholicism and national identity after literature: a comparative study cooperation during the Second World War the English Reformation

Dr Zachary Purvis Dr Henry Stead Dr Maria Antonia Velez Serna University of Edinburgh Open University University of Stirling Reinventing the reformation for the Brave new classics: the British reception Ephemeral cinemas in historical modern world of classical literature, 1917–1956 perspective: exploring ‘pop-up’ sociability

Dr Edward Roberts Dr Krisztina Szilagyi Dr Olivia Walsh University of Liverpool University of Cambridge University of Nottingham Bishops, canon law and the making of the Muhammad in the religious imagination A history of language purism in France medieval church, 875–1025 of early Muslims, 650–850 CE and Quebec, 1865–2000

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Dr Joey Whitfield Dr Katie Ellis Dr George Karekwaivanane University of Leeds University of Sheffield University of Cambridge Beyond the Narcos: the cultural politics Battling the odds and beating the system: Professing the law: African lawyers, politics of the war on drugs in Latin America building resilience in care and the state in Zimbabwe, 1950–2010

Dr Hannah Williams Dr Giuditta Fontana Dr Daniel Knight Queen Mary, University of London King’s College London University of St Andrews Artists and the church: religion, art and Towards a culture of peace? Renewable energy and extractive parish life in eighteenth-century Paris Cultural policy and power-sharing after economies in the Greek economic crisis civil war Mr Richard Williams Dr Anna Krzywoszynska University of Oxford Dr Russell Foster University of Sheffield Beyond the local: vernacular aesthetics in King’s College London A nation that destroys its soils destroys late Mughal north India Feeling European: the mediatisation of itself: knowledge, care and the crisis of soil European identity Dr Alexander Wragge-Morley Dr Christy Kulz University College London Mr Salvatore Garfi University of Cambridge Embodiment and the medical origins of University of Nottingham Governing schools, governing subjects: aesthetics, 1700–1750 Landscapes encountered by the academies, mobility dreams and inequality international brigades in the Spanish Civil War Mr Ashok Kumar Queen Mary, University of London Social Sciences Dr Charlotte Heath-Kelly End of sweatshops? China’s labour scarcity University of Warwick and a rise in monopoly garment firms Dr Amy Cutler The political life of rubble: Royal Holloway, University of London bombsite relics and cosmopolitan Dr Kay Lalor Forests, lexicons and literary identity Manchester Metropolitan University geography International relations and LGBTI Dr Georgina Holmes rights: conditionality, diplomacy and Ms Miriam Driessen University of Reading activism University of Oxford Agents of change? Rwandan and Costly brides: housing and the marriage Ghanaian women’s participation in UN Dr Cetta Mainwaring squeeze in China peacekeeping University of Glasgow Controlling mobility remotely: the rise of visa regimes

Dr Diego Maiorano University of Nottingham The paradoxes of empowerment – women, Dalits and employment guarantee in India

Dr Samantha May University of Aberdeen Zakat in the UK: Islamic giving, citizenship and government policy

Dr Simon McNair University of Leeds Developing more effective financial support service provision in the UK

Dr Elizabeth Monier University of Cambridge Sectarianism and Arab thought on the nation state

Dr Marcus Morgan University of Cambridge The role of ideas in political change: philosophy and the Black Consciousness Movement

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Dr Anastasia Piliavsky Professor Terence Burke Professor Xuerong Mao University of Cambridge University of Sheffield University of Strathclyde India’s democratic boom and its Genetic basis of adaptation in birds Numerical analysis of stochastic implications £49,116 differential equations: new challenges £48,760 Dr Annabel Pinker Dr Davide Costanzo James Hutton Institute University of Sheffield Dr Huw Morgan The material politics of local renewable Search for experimental evidence of new Aberystwyth University energy experiments in Scotland particles at the Large Hadron Collider Automated 3D mapping and forecasting £33,921 of space weather Dr Jonathan Silver £46,805 Durham University Dr Vanessa Diaz Postcolonial urbanisms and a comparative University College London Professor Chris Perry theory of infrastructure Exploring the unknowable using University of Exeter simulation: structural uncertainty in Coral reef carbonate production and reef Dr Alice Tilche multiscale models island vulnerability London School of Economics and Political Science £43,323 £49,571 Making and unmaking indigeneity: art, religion and inequality in India Professor Andrew Fleming Dr Hayder Salman University of Sheffield University of East Anglia Dr Philippa Tomczak Cell wall mechanics and stomatal function Dynamics of electron bubbles on University of Sheffield £38,033 quantised vortices in superfluid helium-4 Prison suicide: theorising its regulation £48,852 Dr Eleanor Frajka-Williams Dr Katherine Twamley University of Southampton Professor Steven Schwartz University College London Variability of ocean transports in the Imperial College London Choice, gender equality and love in early Atlantic from space The microphysics of collisionless shock waves parenthood £14,350 £49,930

Dr Simone Varriale Dr Tamara Grava University of Warwick University of Bristol Humanities Transnationalising class: culture and Critical phenomena and universality in inequality among Italian expats in the UK Hamiltonian PDEs and random matrices Dr Marta Ajmar £50,000 Victoria and Albert Museum Dr Fiona Vera-Gray Material mimesis: local and global Durham University Dr David Greenhalgh connections in the arts of the Italian Phenomenology, pornography and University of Strathclyde renaissance women’s embodiment Mathematical modelling of vaccination £49,967 against dengue Dr Ina Zharkevich £49,998 Dr Sean Allan University of Oxford University of Warwick Where there are no men: migration, Professor Emma Hart Screening art. Modernism and the socialist kinship, gender and generation in Nepal Edinburgh Napier University imaginary in East German cinema Ensemble methods for optimisation £49,916 £34,465 Dr Laura Ashe Research Fellowships Professor David Hosken University of Oxford University of Exeter England, 1000–1350: cultures of Costs of female preference conquest, literatures of transformation Sciences £48,883 £39,896

Dr Timothy Baker Dr Igor Krasovsky Dr Tamara Atkin University of Leeds Imperial College London Queen Mary, University of London History or ecology? Untangling the Analytic problems in random matrix Play and book: reading, drama and the drivers of diversification in the tropics theory invention of the literary in Tudor England £46,679 £49,757 £49,471

Dr Susan Brooks Professor Xiaoyu Luo Dr Stephen Barker Birkbeck, University of London University of Glasgow University of Nottingham Development and application of a new The first fully coupled mitral valve–left Language agency: new foundations for a shoreline response model ventricle computational model theory of communication £42,914 £48,832 £40,000

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Dr Timothy Barker Professor Robert Eaglestone Dr Laura Jansen University of Glasgow Royal Holloway, University of London University of Bristol Analytical media history The resurgent past: modes of Borges’ classics £30,607 historical representation in £30,157 contemporary fiction Dr Bruce Bennett £39,735 Dr Stephen Kenny University of Lancaster University of Liverpool Revolutionary films: the cinematic history Dr Natasha Eaton Dark medicine: racism, power and the of cycling University College London culture of American slavery £42,721 The conditional image: art and £44,913 indenture in the Indian Ocean, 1780– Dr Huw Bennett 2014 Professor Peter Kirby Aberystwyth University £45,044 Glasgow Caledonian University An acceptable level of violence? A parish-level study of child labour British military strategy in Northern Professor Catharine Edwards in north-west cotton textiles, Ireland Birkbeck, University of London 1851–1911 £49,578 A commentary on selected letters of the £12,227 Younger Seneca Professor Kirstie Blair £47,278 Dr Erik Landis University of Stirling Oxford Brookes University Working verse in Victorian Scotland: Professor Tim Fulford Fire and blood: the fight for revolution poetry and community, 1832–1900 De Montfort University in Russia £38,716 The collected letters of Sir Humphry £30,908 Davy, 4 vols (OUP, 2018) Dr Ben Bollig £41,268 Professor Willy Maley University of Oxford University of Glasgow The lyric and the state: politics and Professor Jo Gill John Milton’s history of Britain: public space in the new Argentine University of Exeter writing the nation poetry Modern American poetry and the £28,734 £44,646 architectural imagination £41,603 Dr Crispin Branfoot Dr Charlie Miller SOAS, University of London Professor Andrew Hadfield University of Manchester Pious vandalism: building temples in the University of Sussex The premodern neo-avant-garde Tamil renaissance, 1850–1930 Lying in early modern English culture £44,381 £48,638 £47,983 Mrs Elizabeth Miller Dr Harvey Cohen Dr David Haney Victoria and Albert Museum King’s College London University of Kent Border crossing: reconstructing Follow the circuit: historical significance ‘The gardening state’: landscape, a volume of sixteenth-century Italian of African-American gospel music, agriculture and horticulture under prints 1945–1965 National Socialism £46,299 £44,315 £15,828 Dr Christopher Morton Dr Ruth Davis Dr Alexandra Hoare University of Oxford University of Cambridge University of Bristol A visual economy of nineteenth- Remembering the Jewish past through The autonomy of the artist in century photography from southern popular song in contemporary Tunisia seventeenth-century Italy Africa £49,917 £35,526 £47,417

Professor Matthew Dimmock Dr David Hopkin Dr Joseph Moshenska University of Sussex University of Oxford University of Cambridge Reorienting the English Lacemakers – poverty, religion and The life and letters of Sir Kenelm Digby renaissance gender in a transnational work culture (1603–1665): piracy, poetry, cookery, £46,264 £49,104 philosophy £48,973 Dr Jessica Dubow Dr Sarah Howard University of Sheffield Birkbeck, University of London Professor Ralph O’Connor ‘Thinking outside the city walls’: The Algerian war in Paris. Violence and University of Aberdeen geography, philosophy and Judaic terrorism in the French capital, The emergence of fiction in thought 1954–1962 Icelandic saga-writing, 1150–1900 £38,197 £47,471 £40,675

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Dr Maike Oergel Professor Rachel Potter Dr Marcus Waithe University of Nottingham University of East Anglia University of Cambridge Zeitgeist around 1800: containing Literature, internationalism and free The work of words: literature and the historical complexity and stimulating speech, 1921–1948 labour of mind in Britain, 1830–1930 cultural activity £42,686 £49,080 £42,825 Dr Christina Riggs Dr Monica White Dr Mohamed-Salah Omri University of East Anglia University of Nottingham University of Oxford Photographing Tutankhamun: the The special relationship: Byzantium and Arabic literature and authoritarianism camera, the king, and Egyptian Rus, c.860–1453 £42,477 archaeology £27,919 £28,486 Dr Zoe Opacic Dr Claire Whitehead Birkbeck, University of London Dr Kathryn Tempest University of St Andrews Architecture and spectacle in the late Roehampton University The poetics of early Russian crime fiction, medieval city The pseudepigrapha of Marcus Iunius 1860–1917 £40,090 Brutus £40,580 £23,286 Professor Patricia Phillippy Professor David Wootton Kingston University Professor Andrew Thacker University of York An amber casket: shaping Nottingham Trent University Power, pleasure and profit, 1513–1832 remembrance from Shakespeare to The modern bookshop: a cultural £46,364 Milton history £49,923 £46,474 Dr Julian Wright Durham University Time present and time future: socialism and modernity in France £44,954

Professor Patrick Wright King’s College London Learning from Sheppey: place, culture and identity at England’s periphery £46,094

Social Sciences

Dr Fiona Adamson SOAS, University of London Conflicts beyond borders: transnational identities, belonging and security £48,788

Dr Anne-Marie Fortier University of Lancaster Becoming citizen, making citizenship £36,536

Dr Stephen Gibson York St John University Stanley Milgram’s experiments in defying authority: a qualitative analysis £49,660

Dr Enze Han SOAS, University of London State and nation making in the multi- ethnic borderlands between China and Southeast Asia £49,960

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Dr Marie-Andre Jacob Dr Kate Maclean Dr Deirdre McCann University of Keele Birkbeck, University of London Durham University Figuring ‘bad apples’: legal- El Alto millionaires: processes of Creative uncertainty? Labour market bureaucratic assemblages of displacement, identity and urban change regulation in a world of doubt scientific misconduct in the Global South £34,842 £48,047 £47,877 Dr Anna Misiak Professor Paul Johnson Dr Sumi Madhok Falmouth University University of York London School of Economics and Political Life under Communism: Going to Strasbourg: an oral history of Science everyday history in Polish documentary human rights litigation in the European Vernacular rights cultures in southern films Court of Human Rights Asia £49,969 £48,143 £47,796

Dr Fiona Jordan Professor Jennifer Mason Professor Maggie O’Neill University of Bristol University of Manchester Durham University Explaining cross-cultural diversity in Living the weather: a study in Methods on the move: human kinship the socio-atmospherics of experiencing and imagining borders, £23,929 everyday life risk and belonging £18,604 £31,076 Dr Denisa Kostovicova London School of Economics and Political Dr Emma Mawdsley Dr Martin O’Neill Science University of Cambridge University of York Reconciliation within and across Private sector-led growth for Justice, justification and monetary divided societies: evidence from the international development: DFID in a policy: central banks in democratic Balkans new era societies £45,207 £49,732 £48,575

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Dr Simon Pemberton Sir Michael Berry Humanities University of Keele University of Bristol The importance of super-diverse places in Theoretical physics: mechanics (classical and Professor Tom Cain shaping residential mobility patterns quantum) and optics (also nature’s optics) Newcastle University £49,884 £16,000 An old-spelling edition of John Ford’s The Lovers Melancholy Dr Rahul Rao Professor Raymond Bishop £3,815 SOAS, University of London University of Manchester Out of time: temporal anxieties of queer Atoms on a lattice: studies in frustration, Professor Anthea Callen postcoloniality degeneracy and novel forms of order University of Nottingham £49,740 £21,980 The techniques of Impressionism, its precursors and followers Professor Brian Brown £21,796 Dr David Redmon Cardiff University University of Kent Direct and inverse spectral and scattering Dr Paul Connerton Donkey problems for canonical systems University of Cambridge £41,436 £6,700 Timescales: the experience of time in the modern world Dr Simon Reid-Henry Professor Anne Cooke £10,260 Queen Mary, University of London University of Cambridge A genealogy of global justice Modulation of inflammation by Dr Graham Cummings £49,943 schistosome antigens University of Huddersfield £15,982 Operatic rivalry in London: seasons of Professor Sasha Roseneil conflict and competition, 1733–1737 Birkbeck, University of London Professor Edward Forgan £6,884 Sociability, sexuality, self: a multi-sited, University of Birmingham longitudinal psychosocial study International facility research at high Professor Marianne Elliott £49,051 magnetic fields and low temperatures University of Liverpool £21,830 Hearthland: mixed religion housing in Dr Vicki Squire Northern Ireland, 1945–2014 University of Warwick Professor Roger Grimshaw £13,247 Human dignity and biophysical violence: University College London migrant deaths across the Mediterranean Sea Internal waves in the coastal ocean Professor Sir Richard Evans £49,950 £22,000 University of Cambridge A biography of Eric Hobsbawm Professor Lorraine Talbot Professor Valeri Khoze (1917–2012) University of York Durham University £14,280 Making the company fit for social purpose The theory ofcl ex usive production of £49,265 heavy states at proton colliders Professor Alan Forrest £21,700 University of York Dr Sandy Tubeuf The death of the French Atlantic: University of Leeds Professor James Rose revolution, slavery and war, Evaluating neighbourhood based policies Royal Holloway, University of London 1790–1830 using the BHPS grid reference data Determining the age and damage caused £9,590 £44,341 by a mega-tsunami in the Mediterranean £21,340 Professor Jane Maxim Professor Julia Twigg University College London University of Kent Professor Glenn White Understanding order and disorder in Dress, masculinities and age Open University conversation £29,096 Understanding how stars are formed £2,974 £7,400 Dr Stephen Parkinson Emeritus Fellowships Professor Alex Wilkie University of Oxford University of Manchester Critical edition of the Cantigas de Santa Diophantine aspects of o-minimal structures Maria Sciences £19,700 £21,174

Professor John Allen Professor Philip Woodworth Professor Bill Wells University College London National Oceanography Centre University of Sheffield The evolutionary origin of oxygenic Determining recent changes in extreme Overlapping talk in conversation: photosynthesis sea levels for the global coastline phonetics, phonology and interaction £21,870 £6,140 £20,270

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Social Sciences International Academic Professor Maleiha Malik King’s College London Dr Terri Apter Fellowships Transnational discrimination law: University of Cambridge Vietnam and the ASEAN Praise and blame: judgmental utterances £24,050 and responses in couples Sciences £10,440 Dr Simon Raby Professor Michael Anderson University of Kent Professor Tim Bayliss-Smith University of Manchester Understanding sustainable growth and University of Cambridge Monte Carlo and MD calculations of performance in the context of small to Rise and fall of inland settlement, terracing crystal growth in nanoporous materials medium-sized enterprises (SMEs): a and exchange in the Solomon Islands £27,200 UK–Canada comparative perspective £15,687 £21,492 Dr Jason Bruce Professor Ronald Martin University of Manchester Dr Fern Terris-Prestholt University of Cambridge The protective effects of insulin during London School of Hygiene and Tropical Britain’s spatially unbalanced economy: experimental pancreatitis Medicine geographies of boom, bust and austerity £26,820 Stimulating demand for HIV prevention: £15,075 consolidating a decade of research Dr David Coomes £13,440 Professor Alan Middleton University of Cambridge Birmingham City University A spectranomic approach to Artisans in Ecuador, 1975–2015 anthropogenic change in tropical forests £17,610 £14,180 Study Abroad Professor Jennifer Ozga Dr Fabienne Marret Studentships University of Oxford University of Liverpool Governing education: knowledge and Exploiting dinocysts as tracers of oceanic policy in England and Scotland since conditions in the SW Pacific Sciences 1988 £19,400 £4,668 Mr Benjamin Bhawal Development of catalytic directing Professor John Peysner groups for remote C-H functionalisation University of Lincoln Humanities – Germany Is the balance right between alternative £42,700 dispute resolution and litigation? Dr Stephanie Dennison £5,292 University of Leeds Miss Michelle Buchan Brazilian film culture in the context of Geology MSc majoring in palaeobiology Professor Bill Rolston world cinema and palaeoclimatology – Finland University of Ulster £12,380 £50,440 Picturing peace: murals, conflict and transition in Colombia Mr Geoff Ryman Mr Shaun Eaves £10,469 University of Manchester Determining the cause of past, abrupt Developing Africa’s literature of the climate change in the southern Professor John Sender fantastic hemisphere – New Zealand SOAS, University of London £20,976 £44,020 Interpreting new data on female wage labour and poverty in Ethiopia and Dr Renee Timmers Miss Franziska Elsner-Gearing Uganda University of Sheffield Erasmus Mundus Masters in £20,274 The role of cross-modal information in evolutionary biology – The Netherlands inter-performer musical communication and Germany Professor Dame Marilyn Strathern £21,703 £43,200 University of Cambridge Persons and portraits in Melanesia: the Miss Adele Faulkner comparative scope of ‘partibility’ Development of molecular motors as £18,525 Social Sciences responsive, adaptive, multitasking catalysts – The Netherlands Professor Pnina Werbner Professor Philippe Cullet £19,350 University of Keele SOAS, University of London The changing Kgotla: the transformation Sanitation in India: understanding a Miss Joanna Hutchinson of customary courts in village Botswana complex and controversial human right Universality of critical phenomena – India £22,000 £29,518 £47,420

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Ms Eleanor Ratcliffe Mr Victor Petrov Mr Ryan Hartley The role of memories in restorative Welcome to Cyberia! Bulgarian computers, Japan’s political economy with the experiences of favourite places – Finland cybernetics and the world – Bulgaria Mekong sub-region: hegemony already £35,889 £20,000 made? – Japan £29,950 Ms Sarah Sharp Humanities In foreign soil: death abroad in Scottish Ms Mina Lavender-Kehoe literature and travel writing, 1790–1850 – Purikura and the social gaze – Mr Doug Battersby New Zealand Japan Postgraduate research focussing on Irish £34,050 £23,144 modernist literature – Republic of Ireland £23,305 Mr Jan Vandeburie Mr Steven Marcos The influence of the Paris masters at the The social construct of childhood Mr David Callander curia, 1198–1227 – Italy disability in an Egyptian context – New perspectives on the study of narrative: £39,017 Egypt evidence from early British poetry – £23,799 Germany £20,380 Social Sciences Mrs Emma Sabzalieva Influences on the development of Mr Cole Collins Miss Lila Beesley higher education in central Asia – Collecting and cutting: representations MA cultural anthropology and Canada of women in Kurt Schwitters’ collages – development sociology – The Netherlands £75,360 Germany £31,696 £25,373 Mrs Manuela Zechner Ms Solange Fontana From mobility to migration in crisis Mr Edward Love Living with conflict: a story of social Europe: young people’s networks of Old Coptic: the evolution of a writing system networks, identity, mobility and violence – transnational organisation and care – and demise of a textual culture – Germany Democratic Republic of the Congo Germany £19,325 £50,582 £21,379

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Professor John Cremona Professor Jim Hall Visiting Professorships University of Warwick University of Oxford Visiting Professor – Professor Ariel Visiting Professor – Professor Yakov Ben- Martin Pacetti Haim Sciences £80,768 £7,200

Professor Paul Barlow Professor Paul Downing Professor Amihay Hanany University of Edinburgh Bangor University Imperial College London Visiting Professor – Professor Lynne Regan Visiting Professor – Professor Giuseppe Visiting Professor – Professor Jacob £68,339 di Pellegrino Sonnenschein £68,188 £28,900 Dr Matthew Browning University of Exeter Professor Annette Ferguson Professor Hugh Jones Visiting Professor – Professor Richard University of Edinburgh University of Hertfordshire Townsend Visiting Professor – Professor Rosemary Visiting Professor – Dr Richard Smart £12,200 Wyse £52,740 £64,500 Dr Coralia Cartis Professor Bill Lee University of Oxford Dr Tamara Grava Imperial College London Visiting Professor – Professor Philippe University of Bristol Visiting Professor – Professor Michel Toint Visiting Professor – Professor Alexander Its Barsoum £7,515 £21,697 £15,800

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Professor Peter Lindstedt Professor Kimberley Reynolds Social Sciences Imperial College London Newcastle University Visiting Professor – Professor Phillip Ray Visiting Professor – Professor Karen Professor Sir Richard Blundell Westmoreland Sands O’Connor University College London £54,302 £37,399 Visiting Professor – Professor James Ziliak £13,450 Dr Francisco Perez-Reche Dr Tony Street University of Aberdeen University of Cambridge Professor Martin Caraher Visiting Professor – Professor Peter Visiting Professor – Professor Khaled City University London Grassberger El-Rouayheb Visiting Professor – Professor Jane Dixon £18,300 £37,310 £47,484

Professor Edik Rafailov Professor Nicholas Thomas Mr Christopher Hare Aston University University of Cambridge University of Oxford Visiting Professor – Professor Kestutis Visiting Professor – Professor Matthew Visiting Professor – Professor Peter Watts Staliunas Spriggs £12,089 £9,206 £16,664 Professor Clare Hemmings Professor Li Ran Dr Mark Thurner London School of Economics and Political University of Warwick School of Advanced Study, University of London Science Visiting Professor – Professor George Visiting Professor – Professor Jorge Visiting Professor – Ms Sonia Correa Weiss Canizares-Esguerra £74,642 £25,400 £52,086 Professor Stephane Hess Professor Stefan Soldner-Rembold Professor Vera Tolz-Zilitinkevic University of Leeds University of Manchester University of Manchester Visiting Professor – Dr Cristian Angelo Visiting Professor – Professor Douglas Visiting Professor – Professor Peter Guevara Cue Cowen Rutland £7,900 £20,350 £57,655 Professor Jeremy Horder Dr Euan Wielewski Dr Garthine Walker London School of Economics and Political University of Glasgow Cardiff University Science Visiting Professor – Professor Paul Visiting Professor – Professor Tim Stretton Visiting Professor – Professor Stuart Green Dawson £15,641 £53,400 £40,324 Professor Shane Weller Dr James Laidlaw Dr Djoko Wirosoetisno University of Kent University of Cambridge Durham University Visiting Professor – Professor Dirk Van Visiting Professor – Professor Mark Visiting Professor – Professor Michael Hulle Aldenderfer Jolly £17,208 £13,250 £8,500

Dr Igor Yurkevich Aston University Visiting Professor – Professor Yuval Gefen £32,866

Humanities

Dr Mark Devenney University of Brighton Visiting Professor – Professor Samuel Chambers £23,248

Professor Adrian Gregory University of Oxford Visiting Professor – Professor John Horne £24,320

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Professor Fiona Magowan Professor Rory Duncan Professor Patrick Unwin Queen’s University Belfast Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics Department of Chemistry, University of Visiting Professor – Dr Olivier Urbain and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University Warwick £5,394 Artist: Ms Hannah Imlach – Visual artist Artist: Ms Mary Courtney – Poet and £15,000 visual artist Professor Jan Selby £15,000 University of Sussex Ms Katie Edwards Visiting Professor – Professor Yoav Learning, Brunel Museum Dr Jo Vergunst Peled Artist: Mr Rob Mullender – Sound artist Department of Anthropology, University of £78,100 £13,500 Aberdeen Artist: Mr Alec Finlay – Visual artist and Professor Ian Walker Professor Daniele Faccio poet University of Lancaster School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, £14,999 Visiting Professor – Professor Ronald M Heriot-Watt University Harstad Artist: Dr Lily Hibberd – Installation and Professor Tonia Vincent £50,042 muiltimedia artist Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, £15,000 Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Dr Harriet Hawkins University of Oxford Department of Geography, Royal Holloway, Artist: Miss Francesca Corra – Medical Artist in Residence Grants University of London artist Artist: Miss Flora Parrott – Visual artist £15,000 Dr David Bartram £14,650 Department of Sociology, University of Mrs Sarah Wickham Leicester Miss Jessica Mahoney University Archives at Heritage Quay, Artist: Ms Kajal Nisha Patel – Business Audiences, British Library University of Huddersfield Photographer, film maker, Artist: Ms Melissa Addey – Writer Artist: Ms Poulomi Desai – Multimedia multidisciplinary artist £15,000 artist £15,000 £14,970 Ms Anna Minton Professor Alison Blunt School of Architecture, University of East Professor Hua Zhu School of Geography, Queen Mary, University London Department of Applied Linguistics and of London Artist: Mr Alberto Duman – Communication, Birkbeck, University of Artist: Ms Janetka Platun – Installation Interdisciplinary artist London artist £12,500 Artist: Miss Ella McCartney – Visual artist £15,000 £14,338 Dr Hugh Mortimer Dr Timothy Boon Space Science and Technology Department, Research and Public History, Science Museum Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Artist: Dr Jean-Philippe Calvin – Artist: Mr Phil Coy – Multidisciplinary Composer and performance artist artist Arts Scholarships £10,000 £14,582 Academy of Northern Ballet Dr Tancredi Caruso Professor Rachel Pain £31,500 School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s Department of Geography, Durham University University Belfast Artist: Ms Brenda Heslop – Songwriter, Aldeburgh Music Artist: Mr Ed Reynolds – Painter writer and musician £335,190 £15,000 £15,000 Artsed Ms Andrea Chandler Dr Kenny Rutherford £61,208 Information Systems, Senate House Library, Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Scotland’s University of London Rural College Birmingham Conservatoire Artist: Ms Hannah Thompson – Sound Artist: Ms Andrea Roe – Multimedia £248,250 artist artist £14,585 £15,000 Birmingham Contemporary Music Group £90,456 Professor Maggie Cusack Ms Geraldine Straker School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, Community Participation, Beamish Birmingham Repertory Theatre University of Glasgow Museum £122,130 Artist: Miss Rachel Duckhouse – Visual Artist: Miss Becci Sharrock – Writer and artist producer Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra £14,351 £13,630 £54,000

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Bristol Old Vic National Youth Orchestras of Scotland Royal Welsh College of Music and £100,000 £159,792 Drama £435,000 Central School of Ballet National Youth Theatre £139,921 £200,025 Scottish Youth Dance £42,750 Cheltenham Festivals National Youth Wind Orchestra of Great £77,100 Britain Siobhan Davies Dance £60,000 £68,854 City and Guilds of London Art School £48,000 Northern School of Contemporary Sound and Music Dance £20,000 Dance Base £150,000 £60,195 Southbank Sinfonia Opera North £114,000 English National Ballet School £228,345 £120,000 The Bush Theatre Phoenix Dance Theatre £96,000 Ex Cathedra £34,200 £123,683 Theatre Royal Bath Pro Corda Trust £149,550 Gabrieli £262,165 £43,000 Town Hall and Symphony Hall Purcell School £133,843 Guildhall School of Music and Drama £110,700 £485,000 Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music Rambert Dance Company and Dance JMK Trust £74,100 £426,000 £67,095 Royal Academy of Dramatic Art Writers’ Centre Norwich London Academy of Music and Dramatic £285,000 £38,889 Art £291,000 Royal Academy of Music Yehudi Menuhin School £486,536 £200,000 London Contemporary Dance School £423,090 Royal Ballet School Youth Music Theatre: UK £252,297 £104,724 London Film School £181,173 Royal Central School of Speech and Drama London Philharmonic Orchestra Limited £195,150 £66,691 Royal College of Art Mountview Academy of Theatre Arts £107,000 £47,156 Royal College of Music National Centre for Circus Arts £238,620 £129,000 Royal Conservatoire of Scotland National Children’s Orchestras of Great £150,000 Britain £150,000 Royal Drawing School £62,550 National Film and Television School £384,000 Royal National Theatre £162,000 National Youth Choirs of Great Britain £104,160 Royal Northern College of Music £411,000 National Youth Orchestra of Great Britain Royal Shakespeare Company £300,000 £101,911

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Image credits

p2 and 8. Courtesy of Unilever Archives. p57. European starling, one of the most p84. Quantum optics experiment built to successful invasive species. Image credit: study how single photons interact with p6 and 12. Photography by Rosie Hallam. Tim Blackburn. single-atom layers of material, image credit: Daniele Faccio. p10. Scanning tunnelling microscope: p60. The 2011–2012 eruption at Cordón investigating the friction of the probe Caulle, Chile, produced an ash plume that p87. Lauren Brent collecting data, image tip, image courtesy of Holly Hedgeland; circumnavigated the globe and disrupted credit: Amanda Accamando. Arabidopsis thaliana, the plant scientist’s local aviation and agriculture for many model organism, image courtesy of months. Here it is captured at sunset in p88. The skull of a juvenile ichthyosaur, K. Franklin, University of Bristol; January 2012, rising 2 km above the ash- Hauffiopteryx typicus (BRLSI.M1399) Electroencephalography (EEG) is the blanketed volcano flanks. from Strawberry Bank, and a model recording of electrical activity along the made from data gathered through X-Ray scalp, image credit JD Howell; Young girl p65. Suspension (1), Jo Longhurst, digital micro CT © Bath Royal Literary and weaving a loin-cloth, watched by a print on vinyl, 366 cm × 222 cm. Installation Scientific Institution. Grant holder: co-resident other-than-human being, view, Mostyn, Llandudno, 2012. Michael Benton. image courtesy of Robert Storrie. p67. Horse, whose Greenlandic name p91. ATLAS detector, ATLAS p23. Giant panda in their wild habitat translates as 'he-whose-eyes-pop-out- Experiment © 2014 CERN. Grant in China, image credit: Royal Zoological of-his-head-when-he-sees-a-beautiful- holder: Davide Costanzo. Society of Scotland. woman-walk-past', looking out over an ice fjord by a ruined farm in the Norse p92. Nineteenth-century photographs p30. Wendy & Peter Pan directed by Eastern Settlement in Greenland. Image of southern African peoples in the Jonathan Munby. The production yepla d credit: Eleanor Rosamund Barraclough. collection of the Pitt Rivers Museum, in the 1,000-seat Royal Shakespeare University of Oxford. Courtesy Theatre and was designed by former p68. Concept of a carbon structure, Pitt Rivers Museum. Grant holder: trainee Colin Richmond (photo credit: Adobe Stock. Christopher Morton. Manuel Harlan). p75. Guillemot eggs, image © Tim p95. Dandelion clock © Nathan Hervieux. p39. Venetian Lacemakers by Robert Birkhead. Grant holder: Naomi Nakayama. Frederick Blum, Cincinnati Art Museum. p76. Mural on Calle 26 in Bogotá, image p96. Artist’s impression showing a p49. 24 Hours in Photos, Erik Kessels, credit: Bill Rolston. Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) erupting 2011. Reproduced courtesy of Erik from the Sun and travelling through space Kessels. p79. Derek Walcott at Work, Acrylic on towards Earth (credit: NASA). Grant Canvas, 20 × 24 inch © Peter Walcott. holder: Silvia Dalla. p50. Photograph of a student at a robotics Grant holder: Maria Fumagalli. class at Ashesi University, a member p97. New York City from Brooklyn organisation of the African Robotics p80. Looking for the life in UV; sulfate Bridge © Professor Jo Gill, Modern Network (robotics-africa.org) © Ashesi mineral samples ~1 cm in size, as seen American poetry and the architectural University. under UV illumination (credit Matt imagination. Gunn). Grant holder: Claire Cousins. p55. Sybil Speaking, 13th June 1947: Sybil p99. Mask, designed by Cyrus Kabiru, Morrison, a founder of the PPU (Peace p83. Scanning electron micrograph 2013 © Cyrus Kabiru. Pledge Union) speaking at a meeting showing colonies of two bryozoan species campaigning for equal pay for women. growing on the underside of a modern (Photo by George Stroud/Express/Getty coral from tropical Puerto Rico. Grant Images). holder: Paul Taylor.

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