Stokes, Tyndall, Ruskin and the nineteenth-century royalsocietypublishing.org/journal/rsta beginnings of climate science SilvanaS.S.Cardoso1,JulyanH.E.Cartwright2,3 and Discussion Herbert E. Huppert4 Cite this article: Cardoso SSS, Cartwright 1Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, JHE, Huppert HE. 2020 Stokes, Tyndall, Ruskin University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK and the nineteenth-century beginnings of 2Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra, CSIC–Universidad de climate science. Phil.Trans.R.Soc.A378: Granada, E-18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain 20200064. 3Instituto Carlos I de Física Teórica y Computacional, Universidad de http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2020.0064 Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain 4Institute of Theoretical Geophysics, King’s College, Cambridge CB2 Accepted: 16 March 2020 1ST, UK SSSC, 0000-0003-0417-035X; JHEC, 0000-0001-7392-0957; One contribution of 14 to a theme issue ‘Stokes HEH, 0000-0002-0185-0598 at 200 (Part 1)’. Although we humans have known since the first Subject Areas: smokey campfires of prehistory that our activities climatology might alter our local surroundings, the nineteenth century saw the first indications that humankind Keywords: might alter the global environment; what we currently Stokes, Tyndall, Ruskin know as anthropogenic climate change. We are now celebrating the bicentenaries of three figures with a hand in the birth of climate science. Author for correspondence: George Stokes, John Tyndall and John Ruskin Silvana Cardoso were born in August 1819, August 1820 and e-mail:
[email protected] February 1819, respectively. We look back from Julyan Cartwright the perspective of two centuries following their e-mail:
[email protected] births.