DOCSLIB.ORG

Monarda Didyma L. Introdukcija Lietuvoje Ir Vaistinės Augalinės Ţaliavos Vartojimo Perspektyvos

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Monarda Didyma L. Introdukcija Lietuvoje Ir Vaistinės Augalinės Ţaliavos Vartojimo Perspektyvos ISSN 1822-1823 Žmogaus ir gamtos sauga 2014 – 2 dalis, ASU Monarda didyma L. introdukcija Lietuvoje ir vaistinės augalinės ţaliavos vartojimo perspektyvos Kristina Rastenytė 1,2,3, Nijolė Savickienė3 ,Audrius Maruška2, Ona Ragaţinskienė1 1Vytauto Didţiojo universiteto Kauno botanikos sodas, 2Vytauto Didţiojo universitetas, 3Lietuvos sveikatos mokslų universitetas Pateikiama literatūros duomenų analizė apie raudonąją monardą (Monarda didyma L.) lūpaţiedţių (notrelinių) (Labiatae Juss. (Lamiaceae Lindl.)) šeimos daugiametį ţolinį, vaistinį augalą. Augalas pasiţymi antihelmintiniu, diuretiniu bei atsikosėjimą skatinančiu, karštį maţinančiu, apetitą gerinančiu, tonizuojančiu veikimu. Raudonosios monardos eteriniame aliejuje rasti 26 komponentai, iš jų: timolis, para-cimenas, d-limonenas, karvakrolis, linaloolis ir hidrotimochinonas. Nuo 1980 m. yra introdukuojama, tyrinėjama ir auginama Vytauto Didţiojo universiteto Kauno botanikos sodo Vaistinių augalų mokslo sektoriaus prieskoninių ir medingųjų augalų kolekcijoje. Straipsnyje nurodyta augalo taksonomija, nomenklatūra, paplitimas, vaistinės augalinės ţaliavos kokybė, poveikis ţmogaus sveikatai, vartojimo perspektyvos. Monarda didyma L, introdukcija, vaistinė augalinė ţaliava Įvadas (Asteridae) poklasio, magnolijainių (Magnoliopsida) klasės, magnolijūnų (Magnoliophyta) skyriaus augalas. Raudonoji monarda (Monarda didyma L.) - Raudonosios monardos vardo sinonimai: indėnų ţolė, bičių lūpaţiedţių (notrelinių) (Labiatae Juss. (Lamiaceae Lindl.) paguoda, kalnų paguoda, auksinė melisa, bergamotas šeimos augalas, kaupiantis eterinį aliejų. Monarda L. (Scora at all, 1967; Mabberley 1997; Ragaţinskienė, genties augalai pritaikomi medicinoje, maisto pramonėje, 2004). Natūraliai auga Šiaurės Amerikoje, priklauso kvepalų gamyboje ir kaip dekoratyvinės gėlės. Raudonoji holarktinei florai. Lietuvoje auginama botanikos soduose, monarda buvo tyrinėjama Lietuvoje, JAV, Italijoje, vaistinių, prieskoninių, dekoratyvinių augalų darţuose. Čekijos Respuklikoje, Prancūzijoje, Nigerijoje Nepriţiūrima yra lengvai uţgoţiama kitų augalų, todėl (Кресникова, 2005). laisvai Lietuvoje neauga. Raudonoji monarda geriausiai Eterinio aliejaus, suteikiančio augalui charakteringą auga apšviestoje vietoje arba daliniame pavėsyje. aromatą, cheminė sudėtis bei kiekis priklauso nuo augalo Dirvoţemiui augalas nėra išrankus. Tinkamiausia - rūšies ir agrokultūrinių faktorių (klimatinių sąlygų, kuriose derlinga, drėgna dirva, bet auga ir molingoje, rūgščioje, jis augo, dirvoţemio, derliaus nuėmimo laiko) bei tinkamo ţemėje. Raudonoji monarda jautri sausrai. Šios rūšies vaistinės augalinės ţaliavos paruošimo. Eterinis aliejus yra augalai nuo 1980 m. yra introdukuojama, tyrinėjama ir tyriamas ir pritaikomas medicinoje bei maisto, kosmetikos auginama Vytauto Didţiojo universiteto Kauno botanikos pramonėje. Atliekami eksperimentai su pavieniais jo sodo Vaistinių augalų mokslo sektoriaus prieskoninių ir komponentais. Moksliškai pagrįstų tyrimų rezultatai medingųjų augalų kolekcijoje (Ragaţinskienė, 2004). patvirtino eterinio aliejaus antimikrobinį, priešgybelinį, Vaistinė augalinė ţaliava. Raudonosios monardos antihelmintinį, priešuţdegiminį, virškinimą gerinantį, lapai / ţolė (Monardae folium/herba). antioksidacinį, spazmolitinį, raminamąjį poveikį Ţaliavos ruošimo laikas. Antţeminė dalis (lapai, ţolė) (Кресникова, 2005; Fanger, 1970; Raudonoji monarda, ruošiama ţydėjimo metu (birţelio viduryje–rugpjutį). 2013). Ţaliavos ruošimas ir laikymas. Ţolė, nupjauta Šio darbo tikslas – išanalizuoti literatūros duomenis ţydėjimo metu, dţiaunama plonu sluoksniu, dţiovinama apie raudonosios monardos taksonomiją, nomenklatūrą, gerai vėdinamoje, nuo saulės apsaugotoje patalpoje. paplitimą, vaistinės augalinės ţaliavos kokybę ir jos Paruošta ţaliava pakuojama į daugiasluoksnius popierinius poveikį ţmogaus sveikatai. maišus, laikoma sausoje, gerai vėdinamoje patalpoje. Tinka vartoti 2–3 metus. Metodai Biologiškai veiklieji junginiai. Tirtas ţolėje susikaupęs eterinis aliejus. Jo sudėtyje nustatytas cimenas, timolis, Tyrimo metu analizuoti naujausi mokslinės literatūros timokvinonas, terpinenas, timolmetilo eteris, straipsniai pasirinktose duomenų bazėse (Pubmed, vinilamilkarbinolis, tujenas, limonenas, linaloolis, pinenas, Sciencedirect), pritaikytas teorinės analizės metodas. mircenas, karvakrolis, karenas, germakrenas, felandrenas, Darbo objektas – Raudonoji monarda (Monarda linalilo acetatas, bergamotenas, sabinenas, terpinenolis, didyma L.) (1 pav.). kamfenas, tujadienas, oktanolis, linalilacetatas, bornilacetatas (Raudonoji monarda, 2013), provitaminas β- Rezultatai karotenas (US forest servise, 2013), raudonosios monardos Monarda didyma L. sistematika, nomenklatūra, lapuose rasta hiperozido, rutino, kvercetino (Mclellan, paplitimas. Monarda didyma (L.) – raudonoji monarda 2010), raudonosios monardos ţieduose yra rutino, vardas Monarda šiam augalui suteiktas, pagerbiant ispanų hiperozido, kvercitrino, luteolino, kvercetino (Savickienė ir botaniką ir gydytoją Nicholas Monardes, lot. didyma kt., 2012). reiškia dvynius ar porą ir yra priskiriamas šiam augalui, nes ţiede yra po du kuokelius. Tai lūpaţiedţių (Labiatae Juss.) šeimos, notreliečių (Lamiales) eilės, astraţiedţių 76 ISSN 1822-1823 Žmogaus ir gamtos sauga 2014 – 2 dalis, ASU Uţpilas gali būti vartojamas kaip burnos skalavimo skystis: malšina dantų skausmą, naikina bakterijas, tinka dantenų ligų prevencijai. Monardų eterinis aliejus savo chemine sudėtimi panašus į čiobrelių eterinį aliejų. Monardų ir čiobrelių eteriniame aliejuje yra didelė timolio koncentracija. Timolis turi antiseptinį veikimą ir yra daugelio burnos skalavimo skysčių pagrindinė sudėtinė dalis. Todėl raudonųjų monardų uţpilas ar skiesta tinktūra tinka burnos skalavimui. Pagerėja kvapas iš burnos, teigiamai veikia burnos ertmės bei dantenų būklę (Staub, 2008). Monarda didyma kitos panaudojimo sritys. Augalas maistinis. Raudonosios monardos ţolė vartojama maisto pramonėje kaip prieskoninis augalas. Maistui ji suteikia pikantiškumo, nes turi panašų į citrinų kvapą ir yra šiek tiek karti. Jaunos augalo viršūnėlės tinka salotoms gaminti, 1 pav. Monarda didyma (L.) nes ne tik jas pagardina, bet ir papuošia. Vartojama Fig. 1. Monarda didyma (L.) paskaninti gaiviuosius gėrimus, pvz., vaisių punčą, ir obuolių ţelė. Gali pakeisti rūtinių šeimos augalą bergamotą Vaistinės augalinės ţaliavos poveikis. Raudonųjų (Citrus bergamia R.), kuris naudojamas gaminant Earl monardų vaistinė ţaliava daţnai vartojama į vidų Grey arbatą, nes pasiţymi panašiu aromatu. Galima virškinimo sutrikimams šalinti, turi spazmolitinį poveikį, maišyti su kitomis arbatomis ir taip suteikti arbatai malšina pykinimą ir vėmimą, šalina dujų kaupimąsi, gerina išskirtinį skonį. Naudojama Osvego arbatos gamybai. virškinimą. Monarda didyma L., įdėta į maistą, ne tik Raudonųjų monardų arbatai Osvego pavadinimą suteikė pagerina jo skonį, bet ir skatina virškinimą, ţarnų amerikiečių botanikas J. Bartram, kuris pastebėjo, kad motoriką, maţina nepatogumo jausmą, atsiradusį dėl pilvo Osvego regione (Niujorko valstija) indėnai ir baltieji pūtimo, maţina viduriavimą. Uţpilai yra veiksmingi, kolonistai labai mėgsta šio augalo arbatą. Niujorko gydant rimtus kolitus, cholerą (Cholera morbus). Gydomos valstijoje ši arbata labai išpopuliarėjo XVIII a. Monarda infekcinės opos, nes turi antibakterinį poveikį prieš didyma laikoma tinkamiausia arbatoms iš visų kitų H. pylori. Veikia diuretiškai, vaistinė ţaliava vartojama monardos rūšių. Arbatoms naudojami tiek švieţi, tiek šlapimo takų infekcijoms gydyti (Mclellan, 2010; Staub, dţiovinti lapai ir ţiedai. Dţiovintais ţiedais ir lapais 2008). gardinama kiauliena, kalakutiena ir vištiena. Monarda didyma L. gerina bendrą savijautą, tonizuoja Dekoratyvus augalas. Monarda didyma L. – augalas, (Savickienė ir kt, 2012). mėgstamas sodininkų dėl savybės privilioti nektarą Karštos arbatos tinka peršalimui ir gripo simptomams mėgstančius gyvius (drugelius, kolibrius, bites) Tačiau gydyti, gerina atsikosėjimą, lengvina nosies uţgulimą. bitės nektarą gali pasiekti tik tada, kai jis yra aukštai. Dėl Daromos garų vonios, kvėpuojant raudonųjų monardų ilgo ţiedo vamzdelio nektarą iš Monarda didyma L. ţiedų uţpilo garais malšinamas gerklės skausmas, sinusų siurbia tik kamanės, drugeliai ir kolibriai. Taip pat yra uţsikimšimas, skystinamos gleivės. Skaudančią gerklę išvesti įvairiaspalviai kultivarai, kurie papuošia sodus ir galima išgydyti, vartojant raudonųjų monardų medaus darţelius. Monardas lengvai galima derinti su kitų rūšių ištrauką (Кресникова, 2005; Mclellan, 2010; Staub, augalais. Ţydi ilgai ir puošniai. Tinka puokštėms gaminti. 2008). Parfumerijoje. Monarda didyma eterinis aliejus Vartojama, esant nemigai, nes veikia raminančiai, naudojamas parfumerijoje bei gaminat kvapiuosius malšina galvos skausmą. Monarda didyma patartina vartoti mišinius (Fraternale, 2006). ţmonėms, praradusiems energiją, jaučiantiems nuolatinį nuovargį, įtampą ir nervingumą. Monarda genties augalų Išvados ekstraktas, vartojamas vienas ar kompozicijoje, yra veiksminga priemonė nuo neuropatinio skausmo 1. Raudonoji monarda (Monarda didyma (L.) (Mclellan, 2010; Fanger, 1967). Holub) lūpaţiedţių (Labiatae Juss.) šeimos daugiametis Išoriškai vartojama, esant odos paţeidimams, maţoms ţolinis, perspektyvus vaistinis augalas, auginamas Vytauto ţaizdelėms plauti, esant odos paraudimui, nudegimui. Didţiojo universiteto Kauno botanikos sode prieskoninių ir Nudegimų gydymui ir odos ligų prevencijai tinka medaus medingųjų augalų kolekcijoje. ištrauka, acto ištrauka,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Monarda Didyma ‘Coral Reef’ North American Native Cultivar
    www.whatsnative.com Monarda didyma ‘Coral Reef’ North American Native Cultivar Monarda (mo-nard-a) Named after Dr. Nicholas Monardas (1493-1588). didyma (di-di-ma) meaning twin or in pairs; two-fold (the stamens or the leaves). Zones: 3 – 8 Flower Color: Salmon-pink Height: 3 – 4’ Spacing: 18” ‘Coral Reef’ is a bright salmon pink, taller than parent ‘Marshall’s Delight’, at 3-4’ with good mildew resistance. About the Species: Common Name: Bee Balm, Oswego Tea Family: Lamiaceae Monardas can be 15-18” tall or 5’ tall, depending on the cultivar. As part of the Mint Family, Monarda has square stems and gray-green leaves, with a slightly ‘minty’ scent. The whorled clusters of petals are in a variety of colors. Monarda didyma is known to have a calming effect on bees and yields a high amount of nectar, hence the name Bee Balm. Monarda will also attract butterflies and hummingbirds. Habitat: Native to moist open woods, bottomlands, meadows and stream banks in eastern North America. In the Garden: This plant likes to grow in average to well- drained soil in full sun. Good air circulation surrounding the plant is essential to avoiding powdery mildew. Very tolerant of heat and humidity, this plant is excellent in the mixed border in the Mid-Atlantic States. Truth or Folklore White Fawn, a young Oswego Indian maiden, was mixing a poultice of crushed leaves to soothe insect bites she obtained while walkingwith her beau, Running Wolf. Running Wolf had used Monarda to scent his pomade that was made out of (hopefully fresh) bear grease.
    [Show full text]
  • BEE BALM 'PETER's PURPLE' Monarda Fistulosa X Bartlettii 'Peter's
    BEE BALM 'PETER’S PURPLE' Monarda fistulosa x bartlettii 'Peter's Purple' Characteristics • Type: Perennial • Sun: Full sun to part shade • Common Name: Wild bergamot • Water: Medium to wet • Zone: 6 to 9 • Maintenance: Low • Height: 3’-5’ • Flower: Showy • Spread: 2’-3’ • Leaf: Fragrant • Bloom Time: June to August • Attracts: Hummingbirds, Butterflies • Bloom Description: Lavender-purple • Tolerate: Deer, Wet Soil Culture Most hybrids are of Monarda didyma parentage and are easily grown in average, medium to wet, moisture retentive soils in full sun to part shade. Those of Monarda fistulosa parentage are more tolerant of drier soils. Prefers rich, humusy soils in full sun, but appreciates some afternoon shade in hot summer climates. Soils must not be allowed to dry out. Remove spent flowers to improve plant appearance and possibly to prolong bloom. Divide clumps every 3-4 years to prevent overcrowding and to control mildly spreading tendencies. The plant slowly spreads by rhizomes. Provide plants with good air circulation to help combat fungal leaf diseases. Noteworthy Characteristics 'Peter's Purple' is a hybrid of Monarda fistulosa ‘Claire Grace’ and a Mexican species, Monarda barlettii, that occurred in the garden of Texas native plant expert, Peter Loos. It is a clump-forming herbaceous perennial with aromatic, lance-shaped leaves. It has terminal whorls of two-lipped, 2 1/2 in. long, lavender purple flowers with purple calyces. It grows 3 to 5 ft. tall and 2 to 3 ft. wide. Problems Powdery mildew can be a serious problem with some of the monardas. 'Peter's Purple' is considered to be mildew resistant and will thrive in heat and humidity.
    [Show full text]
  • The Essential Oil of Monarda Didyma L. (Lamiaceae) Exerts Phytotoxic Activity in Vitro Against Various Weed Seeds
    Article The Essential Oil of Monarda didyma L. (Lamiaceae) Exerts Phytotoxic Activity in Vitro against Various Weed Seeds Donata Ricci 1, Francesco Epifano 2 and Daniele Fraternale 1,* 1 Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino Carlo Bo, sez. Biologia Vegetale, via Bramante 28 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy; [email protected] 2 Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Chieti-Pescara G. d’Annunzio, via dei Vestini 31 66100 Chieti (CH), Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-0722-303774 Academic Editor: Olga Tzakou Received: 3 January 2017; Accepted: 27 January 2017; Published: 2 February 2017 Abstract: The chemical composition of the essential oil of the flowering aerial parts of Monarda didyma L. cultivated in central Italy was analyzed by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). The major compounds of the oil were thymol (59.3%), p-cymene (10.3%), terpinolene (9.2%), δ-3-carene (4.4%), myrcene (3.7%), and camphene (3.4%). The essential oil was tested in vitro for its anti-germination activity against Papaver rhoeas L., Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg., Avena fatua L., Raphanus sativus L. and Lepidium sativum L. seeds, demonstrating good inhibitory activity in a dose-dependent way. The exposure of the employed weed seeds to M. didyma essential oil and thymol solution (59.3%) increased the level of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA), markers of oxidative stress, in emerging 5-day-old rootlets. Keywords: essential oil; anti-germination; Monarda didyma L.; hydrogen peroxide; malondialdehyde; phytotoxic activity 1. Introduction Monarda didyma L. (golden balm or honey balm) grows spontaneously in North America and belongs to the Lamiaceae family; it is also cultivated in Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • Obtaining the Wild Bergamot Essential Oil with High Content of Thymoquinone
    I. Casian et al. Moldovan Medical Journal. June 2020;63(2):40-43 ORIGINAL RESEarCH DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3866012 UDC: 547.563.162.1:581.135.51 Obtaining the Wild bergamot essential oil with high content of thymoquinone *Igor Casian, Ana Casian, Vladimir Valica Scientific Centre for Medicinal Plants Cultivation Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy Chisinau, the Republic of Moldova Authors’ ORCID iDs, academic degrees and contributions are available at the end of the article *Corresponding author: [email protected] Manuscript received May 18, 2020; revised manuscript June 07, 2020; published online June 10, 2020 Abstract Background: The Wild bergamot (Monarda fistulosa L.) is mentioned among plants with high content of thymol and carvacrol in the composition of essential oil. At the same time, it also produces significant amounts of thymoquinone – a substance with antimycotic, anticancerous and antituberculous activity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the factors which affect the thymoquinone formation during the processing of plant material, and to create a technological procedure for obtaining the Wild bergamot essential oil with maximum content of this active compound. Material and methods: Aerial parts of the Wild bergamot have been harvested in the budding-flowering phase from the collection of the Scientific Centre for Medicinal Plants Cultivation of Nicolae Testemitanu State Uiversity of Medicine and Pharmacy. Essential oil isolation has been performed by hydrodistillation. Analysis of plant material and the obtained samples of essential oil have been performed by high performance liquid chromatography method with diode-array UV detection. Results: The content of thymoquinone increases considerably during the process of fermentation of humidified plant material in the air stream prior to the essential oil distillation.
    [Show full text]
  • Trees, Shrubs, and Perennials That Intrigue Me (Gymnosperms First
    Big-picture, evolutionary view of trees and shrubs (and a few of my favorite herbaceous perennials), ver. 2007-11-04 Descriptions of the trees and shrubs taken (stolen!!!) from online sources, from my own observations in and around Greenwood Lake, NY, and from these books: • Dirr’s Hardy Trees and Shrubs, Michael A. Dirr, Timber Press, © 1997 • Trees of North America (Golden field guide), C. Frank Brockman, St. Martin’s Press, © 2001 • Smithsonian Handbooks, Trees, Allen J. Coombes, Dorling Kindersley, © 2002 • Native Trees for North American Landscapes, Guy Sternberg with Jim Wilson, Timber Press, © 2004 • Complete Trees, Shrubs, and Hedges, Jacqueline Hériteau, © 2006 They are generally listed from most ancient to most recently evolved. (I’m not sure if this is true for the rosids and asterids, starting on page 30. I just listed them in the same order as Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II.) This document started out as my personal landscaping plan and morphed into something almost unwieldy and phantasmagorical. Key to symbols and colored text: Checkboxes indicate species and/or cultivars that I want. Checkmarks indicate those that I have (or that one of my neighbors has). Text in blue indicates shrub or hedge. (Unfinished task – there is no text in blue other than this text right here.) Text in red indicates that the species or cultivar is undesirable: • Out of range climatically (either wrong zone, or won’t do well because of differences in moisture or seasons, even though it is in the “right” zone). • Will grow too tall or wide and simply won’t fit well on my property.
    [Show full text]
  • Butterfly Garden Plant List
    Duncan Library Butterfly Garden Plant List Latin Name Common Name Flowers When Attracts What Status Aquilegia canadensis. Columbine April-May Butterflies Native Asclepius incarnata. Swamp Milkweed July-August Butterflies Native A.syriaca Common Milkweed July Monarch, Other Native A. tuberosa Orange Milkweed June-July Butterflies, Bees Native Camassia spp. Blue Camas April Insects ? Conoclinium coelestinum. Blue Mistflower, Wild Ageratum August Butterflies, Bees Native Cosmos sulphureous Klondike, Yellow Cosmos June-September All Mexico Chrysoganum virginianum. Green-and-Gold April-May Groundcover Native Echinacea purpura. Eastern Purple Coneflower July-August Butterflies, Birds Native Eryngium planum(?) Sea Holly June-July Butterflies, Bees (European) Erigeron pulchellus Robin's Plantain April Early Bees, Butterflies Native E. strigosus Daisy Fleabane June-August Bees, Butterflies Native Eutrochium spp. Joe Pye Weed July-August All Native Foeniculum vulgare Fennel July-August Swallowtails (India) Geranium spp. Cranesbill April-May Solitary bees Native Impatiens balsamina Balsam June-August Insects (India) Lobelia cardinalis Cardinal Flower July-August Hums, Swallowtails Native Mirabilis jalapa Four O' Clocks July-August Hums, Sphinx moth (Peru) Monarda didyma Red Bee Balm July Bees, Butterflies, Hums Native M. fistulosa Lavender Bee Balm July Bees, Butterflies, Hums Native Muscari botryoides Grape Hyacinth March-April Early insects (Eurasia) Packera aurea Golden Ragwort March-April Small bees Native Penstemon digitalis Beardtongue April-May Butterflies Native Physostegia virginiana Obedient Plant August Butterflies, Hums Native Pycnanthemum muticum. Short-toothed Mountain Mint July Bees, Butterflies, Hums Native P. virginianum Common Mountain Mint July Bees, Butterflies, Hums Native P. tenuifolium Narrow-leaf Mountain Mint July Bees, Butterflies, Hums Native Rudbeckia fulgida Orange coneflower July-August Butterflies, Bees Native R.
    [Show full text]
  • Wildflowers and Ferns Along the Acton Arboretum Wildflower Trail and in Other Gardens FERNS (Including Those Occurring Naturally
    Wildflowers and Ferns Along the Acton Arboretum Wildflower Trail and In Other Gardens Updated to June 9, 2018 by Bruce Carley FERNS (including those occurring naturally along the trail and both boardwalks) Royal fern (Osmunda regalis): occasional along south boardwalk, at edge of hosta garden, and elsewhere at Arboretum Cinnamon fern (Osmunda cinnamomea): naturally occurring in quantity along south boardwalk Interrupted fern (Osmunda claytoniana): naturally occurring in quantity along south boardwalk Maidenhair fern (Adiantum pedatum): several healthy clumps along boardwalk and trail, a few in other Arboretum gardens Common polypody (Polypodium virginianum): 1 small clump near north boardwalk Hayscented fern (Dennstaedtia punctilobula): aggressive species; naturally occurring along north boardwalk Bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum): occasional along wildflower trail; common elsewhere at Arboretum Broad beech fern (Phegopteris hexagonoptera): up to a few near north boardwalk; also in rhododendron and hosta gardens New York fern (Thelypteris noveboracensis): naturally occurring and abundant along wildflower trail * Ostrich fern (Matteuccia pensylvanica): well-established along many parts of wildflower trail; fiddleheads edible Sensitive fern (Onoclea sensibilis): naturally occurring and abundant along south boardwalk Lady fern (Athyrium filix-foemina): moderately present along wildflower trail and south boardwalk Common woodfern (Dryopteris spinulosa): 1 patch of 4 plants along south boardwalk; occasional elsewhere at Arboretum Marginal
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Sources by Nursery
    Nurseries that Offer Plants from Dr. Robert Gegear's Plant List The following pages show where one can purchase plants for a Pollination Preservation Garden, which is based on Dr. Gegear's plant list for at-risk pollinators. This resource was prepared by Matthew Morris of the Metrowest Conservation Alliance (MCA) Native Pollinator Task Force (NPTF). The NPTF aims to conserve native pollination systems by providing the specific habitat requirements and reducing threats for at-risk pollinators in the 36 communities of the MCA. All nurseries on this document are from a list compiled by Grow Native Massachusetts. These nurseries and garden centers are known to sell a considerable amount of native plants. However, not any native plant will support at-risk native pollinators. The specific plants on Gegear's list were compiled to support at-risk species. The description of each nursery is paraphrased or a direct quote from the Grow Native webpage. https://grownativemass.org/Great-Resources/nurseries-seed Most plants are Gegear's list are specific species. Some plants such as oak and lovegrass are not listed at the species level. Any native species of these plants will suffice for a Pollination Preservation Garden. Some nurseries from the Grow Native webpage were not included for at least one of the following reasons. A nursery did not offer many plants from Gegear's list. It did not distinguish between straight species and cultivars of native plants. There was not a catalog or inventory of plants listed on its website. Note: there are likely minor errors in this resource.
    [Show full text]
  • Njplantlist.Pdf
    List of Endangered Plant Species and Plant Species of Concern June 2016 Scientific Name Common Name G Rank S Rank Federal Status State Status Other Status Abies balsamea Balsam Fir G5 S1 E LP, HL Acorus americanus American Sweetflag G5 S1? HL Actaea rubra var. rubra Red Baneberry G5T5 S2 HL Adlumia fungosa Climbing Fumitory G4 S2 HL Aeschynomene virginica Sensitive Joint-vetch G2 S1 LT E LP, HL Agalinis auriculata Ear-leaf False Foxglove G3 SX HL Agalinis fasciculata Pine Barren Foxglove G5 S3 HL Agalinis paupercula var. paupercula Small-flower False Foxglove G5T5 S2 HL Agastache nepetoides Yellow Giant-hyssop G5 S2 HL Agastache scrophulariifolia Purple Giant-hyssop G4 S2 HL Agrimonia microcarpa Small-fruit Grooveburr G5 S2 HL Agrostis geminata Ticklegrass G5 S1? HL Alisma triviale Large Water-plantain G5 S1 E LP, HL Alopecurus aequalis var. aequalis Short-awn Meadow-foxtail G5T5 S2 HL Alopecurus carolinianus Tufted Meadow-foxtail G5 S3 HL Amaranthus pumilus Seabeach Amaranth G2 S1 LT E LP, HL Amelanchier humilis Low Service-berry G5 S1S2 HL Amelanchier nantucketensis Nantucket Service-berry G3Q S1 HL Amelanchier sanguinea var. sanguinea Round-leaf Service-berry G5T5 S1.1 E LP, HL Amelanchier stolonifera Running Service-berry G5 S3 HL Amianthium muscitoxicum Fly Poison G4G5 S2 HL Ammannia latifolia Koehn's Toothcup G5 S1 E LP, HL Andromeda polifolia var. glaucophylla Bog Rosemary G5T5 S1 E LP, HL Andropogon glomeratus var. hirsutior Hairy Beardgrass G5T5 SH.1 HL Andropogon gyrans Elliott's Beardgrass G5 S2 HL Andropogon ternarius var. ternarius Silvery Beardgrass G5T5? S2 HL Anemone canadensis Canada Anemone G5 SX HL Anemone cylindrica Long-head Anemone G5 S1 E LP, HL Anemone virginiana var.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification and Resistance to Thiophanate-Methyl of Botrytis Species on Kansas Greenhouse Crops and a Specialty Crops Grower
    Identification and resistance to thiophanate-methyl of Botrytis species on Kansas greenhouse crops and a specialty crops grower survey to assess extension IPM resource needs by Chandler Lee Day B.S., Texas A&M University, 2016 A THESIS submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree MASTER OF SCIENCE Department of Plant Pathology College of Agriculture KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY Manhattan, Kansas 2020 Approved by: Major Professor Dr. Megan Kennelly Copyright © Chandler Day 2020. Abstract Gray mold, caused by the fungus Botrytis spp., is a disease that occurs worldwide and infects over 170 plant families, including 200 horticultural commodities such as geraniums, lavender, ornamental peppers, petunias, and other greenhouse commodities. Botrytis cinerea, a necrotrophic generalist, is the major cause of gray mold. However, in recent years, other Botrytis species have been identified on an array of crops using molecular diagnostic techniques. The objective of this study was to identify Botrytis species associated with horticultural crops in Kansas and determine sensitivity to methyl benzimidazole carbamate (MBC) fungicides in Kansas strains. To do this, 80 strains were collected from symptomatic plant parts from greenhouses from 19 sites off 43 different hosts. To determine fungicide sensitivity levels to MBC fungicides, strains were single-spored and tested for sensitivity to 100µg/ml of thiophanate-methyl using fungicide-amended media and control plates. Relative mycelial growth (RMG) was calculated as the average diameter on fungicide-amended media divided by the average diameter on the control × 100. The entire experiment was conducted three times. Of the 80 strains: 63 were highly resistant, RMG ≥ 75%; 9 strains had moderate resistance, RMG ≤50%, but ≥75%; 4 strains had low resistance, RMG between 0 and 50%; and 4 strains were sensitive, RMG=0%.
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Reproducqon
    Plant Reproduc/on Sexual - Selfing Gavin Douglas and Young Wha Lee Capsella rubella, selfing species (l); and Capsella grandiflora, outcrossing species (r) Sexual - Selfing chasmogamous flower cleistogamous flowers Sexual - Outcrossing selF-incompability Sexual - Outcrossing early protandry late male flowers not yet mature Female flowers recep/ve protogyny dichogamy (temporal separaon oF sexes) Sexual - Outcrossing monoecy dioecy heterostyly unisexual flowers herkogamy (spaal separaon oF sexes) Asterids - Lamiids Asterids Core asterids Lamiids Campanulids Asterids - Lamiids Asterids Lamiales Scrophulariaceae, Lamiaceae Lamiales Scrophulariaceae, Lamiaceae, Verbenaceae (verbena), Oleaceae (olive) Lamiales corolla oLen zygomorphic, bilabiate; stamens didynamous (2 long + 2 short) Lamiaceae / Labiatae Scutellaria lateriflora Monardella odora:ssima Salvia splendens skullcap mountain monardella scarlet sage Salvia dorii Monarda didyma Plectranthus scutellarioides gray-ball sage scarlet beebalm coleus Lamiaceae / Labiatae Salvia officinalis Rosmarinus officinalis Thymus vulgaris sage rosemary thyme Origanum vulgare Ocimum basilicum Mentha spicata Lavandula angusfolia oregano basil spearmint lavender Lamiaceae / Labiatae leaves opposite and decussate, stems sQuare Lamiaceae / Labiatae inflorescence: oen ver/cillate Lamiaceae / Labiatae corolla zygomorphic, oLen bilabiate Lamiaceae / Labiatae stamens didynamous (2 long + 2 short) Lamiaceae / Labiatae ovary 2-carpellate, with 4 lobes and 4 ovules Fruit: schizocarp Forming 4 nutlets “Scrophulariaceae” Penstemon
    [Show full text]
  • Selected Plants from Bloom Planning List And
    APPENDIX 1 PLANT PORTRAITS FOR SELECTED PLANTS FROM THE BLOOM LIST By Jennifer Thompson Plants are ordered by bloom time. For more details, refer to the complete bloom list, “Planning a landscape with a continual supply of flowering plants,” on page 34, which lists plants ordered from spring blooming to fall. More information on a variety of plants is available by visiting the Barnyards & Backyards website, www.barnyardsandbackyards.com, and clicking on “Landscaping.” PLANT TOXICITY not like to eat them), and they won’t be Many plants have some level of toxicity to consumed unless the animal has little animals (including us). This includes plants from choice (such as in overgrazed pastures). elsewhere in the world (introduced plants) and A little information is provided here on those native to the Rocky Mountain region. some commonly known plants with toxic Many plants likely contain toxic compounds as properties. This does not mean others listed are a way to keep herbivores (rabbits, deer, insects, not toxic as well. If concerned with these issues, etc.) from eating them. Any threat these plants research the plant in question. pose depends on several factors: Never eat or allow others whom you • Toxicity varies by plant species (and supervise (such as children) to eat any plant you plant varieties within species) and the haven’t positively identified or which you don’t plant part eaten. know (100 percent) to be safe to eat. • The environment the plant is growing in and what growth stage the plant is at can Additional plant toxicity resources affect the levels of toxic compounds.
    [Show full text]