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Stream-Temperature Characteristics in Georgia
STREAM-TEMPERATURE CHARACTERISTICS IN GEORGIA By T.R. Dyar and S.J. Alhadeff ______________________________________________________________________________ U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4203 Prepared in cooperation with GEORGIA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION DIVISION Atlanta, Georgia 1997 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Charles G. Groat, Director For additional information write to: Copies of this report can be purchased from: District Chief U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey Branch of Information Services 3039 Amwiler Road, Suite 130 Denver Federal Center Peachtree Business Center Box 25286 Atlanta, GA 30360-2824 Denver, CO 80225-0286 CONTENTS Page Abstract . 1 Introduction . 1 Purpose and scope . 2 Previous investigations. 2 Station-identification system . 3 Stream-temperature data . 3 Long-term stream-temperature characteristics. 6 Natural stream-temperature characteristics . 7 Regression analysis . 7 Harmonic mean coefficient . 7 Amplitude coefficient. 10 Phase coefficient . 13 Statewide harmonic equation . 13 Examples of estimating natural stream-temperature characteristics . 15 Panther Creek . 15 West Armuchee Creek . 15 Alcovy River . 18 Altamaha River . 18 Summary of stream-temperature characteristics by river basin . 19 Savannah River basin . 19 Ogeechee River basin. 25 Altamaha River basin. 25 Satilla-St Marys River basins. 26 Suwannee-Ochlockonee River basins . 27 Chattahoochee River basin. 27 Flint River basin. 28 Coosa River basin. 29 Tennessee River basin . 31 Selected references. 31 Tabular data . 33 Graphs showing harmonic stream-temperature curves of observed data and statewide harmonic equation for selected stations, figures 14-211 . 51 iii ILLUSTRATIONS Page Figure 1. Map showing locations of 198 periodic and 22 daily stream-temperature stations, major river basins, and physiographic provinces in Georgia. -
Chemical Character of Surface Waters of Georgia
SliEU' :\0..... / ........ RO O ~ l NO. ···- ··-<~ ......... U )'On no l~er need this publication write to the Geological Sur»ey in Washlndon for ali official maillne label to use In returning it UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR CHEMICAL CHARACTER OF SURFACE WATERS OF GEORGIA Prepared In cooperation wilh the DIVISION OF MINES, MINING, AND GEOLOGY OF 'l'HE GEORGIA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 889- E ' UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Harold L. Ickes, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY W. E. Wrather, Director Water-Supply Paper 889-E CHEMICAL CHARACTER OF SURFACE WATERS OF GEORGIA BY WILLIAM L. LAMAR Prepared in cooperation with the DIVISION OF MINES, MINING, AND GEOLOGY OF THE GEORGIA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES Contributions to the Hydrology of the United States, 19~1-!3 (Pages 317- 380) UN ITED STATES GOVEHNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1944 For sct le Ly Ll w S upcrinkntlent of Doc uments, U. S. Gover nme nt Printing Office, " ' asbingtou 25, D . C. Price 15 ce nl~ CONTENTS Page- Abstract ___________________________________________ -----_--------- 31 T Introduction __________________ c ________________________________ -- _ 317 Physiography_____________________________________________________ 318 Climate__________________________________________________________ 820 Collection and examination of samples_______________________________ 323 Stream flow __________________________ --------- ___________ c ________ . 324 Rainfall and discharge during sampling years_____________________ -
List of TMDL Implementation Plans with Tmdls Organized by Basin
Latest 305(b)/303(d) List of Streams List of Stream Reaches With TMDLs and TMDL Implementation Plans - Updated June 2011 Total Maximum Daily Loadings TMDL TMDL PLAN DELIST BASIN NAME HUC10 REACH NAME LOCATION VIOLATIONS TMDL YEAR TMDL PLAN YEAR YEAR Altamaha 0307010601 Bullard Creek ~0.25 mi u/s Altamaha Road to Altamaha River Bio(sediment) TMDL 2007 09/30/2009 Altamaha 0307010601 Cobb Creek Oconee Creek to Altamaha River DO TMDL 2001 TMDL PLAN 08/31/2003 Altamaha 0307010601 Cobb Creek Oconee Creek to Altamaha River FC 2012 Altamaha 0307010601 Milligan Creek Uvalda to Altamaha River DO TMDL 2001 TMDL PLAN 08/31/2003 2006 Altamaha 0307010601 Milligan Creek Uvalda to Altamaha River FC TMDL 2001 TMDL PLAN 08/31/2003 Altamaha 0307010601 Oconee Creek Headwaters to Cobb Creek DO TMDL 2001 TMDL PLAN 08/31/2003 Altamaha 0307010601 Oconee Creek Headwaters to Cobb Creek FC TMDL 2001 TMDL PLAN 08/31/2003 Altamaha 0307010602 Ten Mile Creek Little Ten Mile Creek to Altamaha River Bio F 2012 Altamaha 0307010602 Ten Mile Creek Little Ten Mile Creek to Altamaha River DO TMDL 2001 TMDL PLAN 08/31/2003 Altamaha 0307010603 Beards Creek Spring Branch to Altamaha River Bio F 2012 Altamaha 0307010603 Five Mile Creek Headwaters to Altamaha River Bio(sediment) TMDL 2007 09/30/2009 Altamaha 0307010603 Goose Creek U/S Rd. S1922(Walton Griffis Rd.) to Little Goose Creek FC TMDL 2001 TMDL PLAN 08/31/2003 Altamaha 0307010603 Mushmelon Creek Headwaters to Delbos Bay Bio F 2012 Altamaha 0307010604 Altamaha River Confluence of Oconee and Ocmulgee Rivers to ITT Rayonier -
Sherman's March and Georgia's Refugee Slaves Ben Parten Clemson University, [email protected]
Clemson University TigerPrints All Theses Theses 5-2017 "Somewhere Toward Freedom:" Sherman's March and Georgia's Refugee Slaves Ben Parten Clemson University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses Recommended Citation Parten, Ben, ""Somewhere Toward Freedom:" Sherman's March and Georgia's Refugee Slaves" (2017). All Theses. 2665. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses/2665 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses at TigerPrints. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Theses by an authorized administrator of TigerPrints. For more information, please contact [email protected]. “SOMEWHERE TOWARD FREEDOM:” SHERMAN’S MARCH AND GEORGIA’S REFUGEE SLAVES A Thesis Presented to the Graduate School of Clemson University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Masters of Arts History by Ben Parten May 2017 Accepted by: Dr. Vernon Burton, Committee Chair Dr. Lee Wilson Dr. Rod Andrew ABSTRACT When General William T. Sherman’s army marched through Georgia during the American Civil War, it did not travel alone. As many as 17,000 refugee slaves followed his army to the coast; as many, if not more, fled to the army but decided to stay on their plantations rather than march on. This study seeks to understand Sherman’s march from their point of view. It argues that through their refugee experiences, Georgia’s refugee slaves transformed the march into one for their own freedom and citizenship. Such a transformation would not be easy. Not only did the refugees have to brave the physical challenges of life on the march, they had to also exist within a war waged by white men. -
Plan for Coosawattee River HUC 10# 0315010204
Plan for Coosawattee River HUC 10# 0315010204 STATE OF GEORGIA TIER 2 TMDL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN REVISION 1 Segment Name Coosawattee River Coosa River Basin April 28, 2006 Local Watershed Governments Gilmer County and Cities of Ellijay and East Ellijay I. INTRODUCTION Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) Implementation Plans are platforms for evaluating and tracking water quality protection and restoration. These plans have been designed to accommodate continual updates and revisions as new conditions and information warrant. In addition, field verification of watershed characteristics and listing data has been built into the preparation of the plans. The overall goal of the plans is to define a set of actions that will help achieve water quality standards in the state of Georgia. This implementation plan addresses the general characterist ics of the watershed, the sources of pollution, stakeholder s and public involvement, and education/o utreach activities. In addition, the plan describes regulatory and voluntary practices/control actions (management measures) to reduce pollutants, milestone schedules to show the development of the managemen t measures (measurable milestones), and a monitoring plan to determine the efficiency of the management measures. Table 1. IMPAIRMENTS IMPAIRED STREAM SEGMENT IMPAIRED SEGMENT LOCATION IMPAIRMENT TMDL ID Confluence with Ellijay River to Mountaintown CSA0000011 Coosawattee River Fecal Coliform Bacteria Creek 06022812.004 CEDS TMDL 1 Plan for Coosawattee River HUC 10# 0315010204 II. GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE WATERSHED Write a narrative describing the watershed, HUC 10# 0315010204. Include an updated overview of watershed characteristics. Identify new conditions and verify or correct information in the TMDL document using the most current data. -
Rule 391-3-6-.03. Water Use Classifications and Water Quality Standards
Presented below are water quality standards that are in effect for Clean Water Act purposes. EPA is posting these standards as a convenience to users and has made a reasonable effort to assure their accuracy. Additionally, EPA has made a reasonable effort to identify parts of the standards that are not approved, disapproved, or are otherwise not in effect for Clean Water Act purposes. Rule 391-3-6-.03. Water Use Classifications and Water Quality Standards ( 1) Purpose. The establishment of water quality standards. (2) W ate r Quality Enhancement: (a) The purposes and intent of the State in establishing Water Quality Standards are to provide enhancement of water quality and prevention of pollution; to protect the public health or welfare in accordance with the public interest for drinking water supplies, conservation of fish, wildlife and other beneficial aquatic life, and agricultural, industrial, recreational, and other reasonable and necessary uses and to maintain and improve the biological integrity of the waters of the State. ( b) The following paragraphs describe the three tiers of the State's waters. (i) Tier 1 - Existing instream water uses and the level of water quality necessary to protect the existing uses shall be maintained and protected. (ii) Tier 2 - Where the quality of the waters exceed levels necessary to support propagation of fish, shellfish, and wildlife and recreation in and on the water, that quality shall be maintained and protected unless the division finds, after full satisfaction of the intergovernmental coordination and public participation provisions of the division's continuing planning process, that allowing lower water quality is necessary to accommodate important economic or social development in the area in which the waters are located. -
Riverview Farms
Georgia’s 2018 CLEAN WATER HEROES Riverview Farms COOSAWATTEE RIVER Organic Family Farm Leaves Clean Water Legacy INTRODUCTION: On the Coosawattee River in north Georgia, it’s not uncommon to see livestock crowded along the banks drinking from (and defecating in) the river. For river users looking for a cool, refreshing swim in those same waters, the question often arises; “Isn’t there a law against that?” The answer is “No.” When it comes to Georgia lawmakers, agriculture is, pardon the pun, a sacred cow, COOSAWATTEE exempt from many fundamental clean water regulations. But at least for one RIVER mile along the Coosawattee in rural Gordon County, you’ll never see a cow in the river. That’s because the Swancy family at Riverview Farms, one of the state’s largest certified organic farms, serve as stewards of the river by observing state buffer laws (from which farmers are exempt), and excluding livestock from water bodies on the farm. As proprietor Charlotte Swancy said: “We don’t want our animals in the water. That just doesn’t seem right. People drink that water.” THE WATER BODY: The Coosawattee River does, in fact, serve as the drinking water source for Gordon County and Calhoun just downstream from Riverview Farms. Formed by the gathering of the Ellijay and Cartecay rivers near Ellijay, the Coosawattee flows out of the north Georgia mountains and some 50 miles to join the Conasauga River near Calhoun and form the Oostanaula. Along the way, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers operates Carters Lake and Dam, which at 445 feet in height, is considered the tallest earthen dam east of the Mississippi River. -
Streamflow Maps of Georgia's Major Rivers
GEORGIA STATE DIVISION OF CONSERVATION DEPARTMENT OF MINES, MINING AND GEOLOGY GARLAND PEYTON, Director THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Information Circular 21 STREAMFLOW MAPS OF GEORGIA'S MAJOR RIVERS by M. T. Thomson United States Geological Survey Prepared cooperatively by the Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior, Washington, D. C. ATLANTA 1960 STREAMFLOW MAPS OF GEORGIA'S MAJOR RIVERS by M. T. Thomson Maps are commonly used to show the approximate rates of flow at all localities along the river systems. In addition to average flow, this collection of streamflow maps of Georgia's major rivers shows features such as low flows, flood flows, storage requirements, water power, the effects of storage reservoirs and power operations, and some comparisons of streamflows in different parts of the State. Most of the information shown on the streamflow maps was taken from "The Availability and use of Water in Georgia" by M. T. Thomson, S. M. Herrick, Eugene Brown, and others pub lished as Bulletin No. 65 in December 1956 by the Georgia Department of Mines, Mining and Geo logy. The average flows reported in that publication and sho\vn on these maps were for the years 1937-1955. That publication should be consulted for detailed information. More recent streamflow information may be obtained from the Atlanta District Office of the Surface Water Branch, Water Resources Division, U. S. Geological Survey, 805 Peachtree Street, N.E., Room 609, Atlanta 8, Georgia. In order to show the streamflows and other features clearly, the river locations are distorted slightly, their lengths are not to scale, and some features are shown by block-like patterns. -
Economic Analysis of Critical Habitat Designation for the Fat Threeridge, Shinyrayed Pocketbook, Gulf Moccasinshell, Ochlockonee
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF CRITICAL HABITAT DESIGNATION FOR THE FAT THREERIDGE, SHINYRAYED POCKETBOOK, GULF MOCCASINSHELL, OCHLOCKONEE MOCCASINSHELL, OVAL PIGTOE, CHIPOLA SLABSHELL, AND PURPLE BANKCLIMBER Draft Final Report | September 12, 2007 prepared for: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 4401 N. Fairfax Drive Arlington, VA 22203 prepared by: Industrial Economics, Incorporated 2067 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02140 Draft – September 12, 2007 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ES-1T SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION AND FRAMEWORK FOR ANALYSIS 1-1 1.1 Purpose of the Economic Analysis 1-1 1.2 Background 1-2 1.3 Regulatory Alternatives 1-9 1.4 Threats to the Species and Habitat 1-9 1.5 Approach to Estimating Economic Effects 1-9 1.6 Scope of the Analysis 1-13 1.7 Analytic Time Frame 1-16 1.8 Information Sources 1-17 1.9 Structure of Report 1-18 SECTION 2 POTENTIAL CHANGES IN WATER USE AND MANAGEMENT FOR CONSERVATION OF THE SEVEN MUSSELS 2-1 2.1 Summary of Methods for Estimation of Economic Impacts Associated with Flow- Related Conservation Measures 2-2 2.2 Water Use in Proposed Critical Habitat Areas 2-3 2.3 Potential Changes in Water Use in the Flint River Basin 2-5 2.4 Potential Changes in Water Management in the Apalachicola River Complex (Unit 8) 2-10 2.5 Potential Changes in Water Management in the Santa Fe River Complex (Unit 11) 2-22 SECTION 3 POTENTIAL ECONOMIC IMPACTS RELATED TO CHANGES IN WATER USE AND MANAGEMENT 3-1 3.1 Summary 3-6 3.2 Potential Economic Impacts Related to Agricultural Water Uses 3-7 3.3 Potential Economic Impacts Related -
Paddle Georgia 2014 Fall Float on the Flint Oct
Albany Allemande– Paddle Georgia 2014 Fall Float on the Flint Oct. 10—Flint River Distance: 14 miles Starting Elevation: 190 feet Lat: 31.6022°N Lon: 84.1381°W Ending Elevation: 151 feet Lat: 31.4388°N Lon: 84.1423°W Restroom Facilities: Mile 0 Flint River Hydro Dam Mile 4.7 Radium Springs Boat Ramp Mile 14 Mitchell County Landing Points of Interest: Mile 0.2—Muckafoonee Creek—A short distance up this creek on river right is the 1906 dam that created “Lake Worth.” Today, the dam serves as an overflow spillway for the larger dam on the Flint. This oddly named waterway is a combination of two even more oddly named creeks: Kinchafoonee and Muckalee creeks. The Creek Indian word Kinchafoonee is believed to have meant “Mortar Nutshells” while Muckalee, recorded the Indian Agent Benjamin Hawkins, meant “Pour on me.” While this is the site of one of the first hydro-power dams in South Georgia, the Georgia General Assembly had earlier established laws specifically protecting Kinchafoonee Creek from obstructions that would prevent fish passage. The 1876 law prohibited the construction of any “dam, trap, net, seine or other device for catching fish, unless the channel is left for six feet.” There was, of course, a major loophole in the law: “nothing herein contained shall be so construed to prevent the erection of dams for milling and manufacturing purposes,” and thus a dam came to be built on Kinchafoonee. These lyrical names still echo through the region’s culture. The Kinchafoonee Cowboys is a well-known hony-tonk band from the area and Leesburg’s Luke Bryan, included an ode to fishing, boating, four-wheeling and drinking called “Muckalee Creek Water” on his 2011 album Tailgates and Tanlines. -
Savannah River Basin Management Plan 2001
Savannah River Basin Management Plan 2001 Georgia Department of Natural Resources Environmental Protection Division Georgia River Basin Management Planning Vision, Mission, and Goals What is the VISION for the Georgia RBMP Approach? Clean water to drink, clean water for aquatic life, and clean water for recreation, in adequate amounts to support all these uses in all river basins in the state of Georgia. What is the RBMP MISSION? To develop and implement a river basin planning program to protect, enhance, and restore the waters of the State of Georgia, that will provide for effective monitoring, allocation, use, regulation, and management of water resources. [Established January 1994 by a joint basin advisory committee workgroup.] What are the GOALS to Guide RBMP? 1) To meet or exceed local, state, and federal laws, rules, and regulations. And be consistent with other applicable plans. 2) To identify existing and future water quality issues, emphasizing nonpoint sources of pollution. 3) To propose water quality improvement practices encouraging local involvement to reduce pollution, and monitor and protect water quality. 4) To involve all interested citizens and appropriate organizations in plan development and implementation. 5) To coordinate with other river plans and regional planning. 6) To facilitate local, state, and federal activities to monitor and protect water quality. 7) To identify existing and potential water availability problems and to coordinate development of alternatives. 8) To provide for education of the general public on matters involving the environment and ecological concerns specific to each river basin. 9) To provide for improving aquatic habitat and exploring the feasibility of re-establishing native species of fish. -
Status of Private Cypress Wetland Forests in Georgia
STATUS OF PRIVATE CYPRESS WETLAND FORESTS IN GEORGIA Alternatives for Conservation and Restoration ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank the United States Environmental Protection Agency for funding this project, and especially, Jennifer Derby and Tom Welborn for their dedication to conserving Georgia’s cypress resources. We are also grateful to Richard Harper, Jeffery Turner, and Tony Johnson of the U.S. Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis, for their invaluable assistance and train- ing in the retrieval and analysis of the agency’s forest trend data. We thank the Riverkeepers of the Altamaha, Ogeechee, Satilla, and Savannah Rivers for their important contributions to this project. In addition, we wish to express our apprecia- tion to James Holland, the Altamaha Riverkeeper, for the many hours he spent arranging the Wilkinson County case study site visits and working with us in the field to document site conditions. We are grateful to the landowners of the Wilkinson County site for allowing us to evaluate their property and to Mr. Wyndell Berryhall for his assistance in the field. We also wish to thank all those who provided thoughtful review and comments on drafts of this report: Richard Harper, John Greis, Mark Brown, and Tony Johnson of the U.S. Forest Service; Rhett Jackson, Professor of Hydrology, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia; Frank Green and James Johnson, Georgia Forestry Commission; James Jeter, Ala- bama Forestry Commission; Hughes Simpson, Texas Forest Service; John Swords, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; and Shaun Blocker, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The Southern Environmental Law Center is a nonprofit organization dedicated to protecting the health and environment of the Southeast (Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia).