Sumerian Texts That Reference Creation
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Sumerian Religion
1 אנשר אנשר (באכדית: Anshar או Anshur, מילולית:"ציר השמיים") הוא אל שמים מסופוטמי קדום. הוא מתואר כבן זוגה של אחותו קישאר. הזוג יחדיו מציינים את השמים (ההברה אן) והארץ (ההברה קי) במיתוס הבריאה אנומה אליש והם נמנים עם הדור השני לבריאה, ילדיהם של המפלצות לחמו (Lahmu) ולחאמו (Lahamu) ונכדיהם של תיאמת (Tiamat) ואפסו (Apsu), המסמנים את המים המלוחים והמתוקים בהתאמה. בתורם, הם בעצמם הוריו של אל שמים אחר בשם אנו (Anu). החל מימי סרגון השני, החלו האשורים לזהות את אנשר עם אשור בגירסתם למיתוס הבריאה, בגרסה זו בת זוגו היא נינ-ליל (NinLil). ערך זה הוא קצרמר בנושא מיתולוגיה. אתם מוזמנים לתרום לוויקיפדיה ו להרחיב אותו [1]. האל אנשר עומד על פר, נתגלה בחפירות העיר אשור הפניות editintro=%D7%AA%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA%3A%D7%A7%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%A8%2F%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%91%D7%94&action=edit&http://he.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%A8 [1] המקורות והתורמים לערך 2 המקורות והתורמים לערך אנשר מקור: https://he.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=13750401 תורמים: GuySh, Ori, רועים המקורות, הרישיונות והתורמים לתמונה קובץ:Asur-Stier.PNG מקור: https://he.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=קובץ:Asur-Stier.PNG רישיון: Public Domain תורמים: Evil berry, Foroa, Gryffindor תמונה:Perseus-slays-medusa.jpg מקור: https://he.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=קובץ:Perseus-slays-medusa.jpg רישיון: GNU Free Documentation License תורמים: Bibi Saint-Pol, Editor at Large, Funfood, G.dallorto, Jastrow, Lokal Profil, Peter Andersen, Sreejithk2000 AWB, 4 עריכות אלמוניות רישיון Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 /creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0// Anu 1 Anu This article is about a myth. -
IN THREE PATRIARCHAL RELIGIONS Janette
THE GREAT GODDESS: HER VESTIGES UNCOVERED IN THREE PATRIARCHAL RELIGIONS bJ' Janette OIT A Thesis Snbmitted to the Facnltg of Graduate Studies and Researclh through the Department of Relïgious Studies in Partial Ful£iUment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts at the University of Windsor Wmdsor, Ontario, Canada 1997 O 1997 Janette Orr National library Bibrithèque nationale du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographie Services services bibliographiques 395 Weilington Street 395. nie Wellington OtotwaON K1AW OaawaûN K1AON4 Canada canada The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive licence allowing the exclusive permettant à la National Library of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distrihte or seU reproduire, prêter, distri'buer ou copies of this thesis in microform, vendre des copies de cette thése sous paper or electronic formats. la forme de microfiche/fïlm, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extracts fiom it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or othenvise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. The Great Goddesses held real power in the Ancient World, whether in goddess-dominated religions or goddominated religions, where the goddesses played subordinate roles. The ferninine principle was always present, unlike in the three patriarchai religions under study: Judaism, Christianity and Buddhism. What happened to the Goddesses in these religions? The gods and male founders of these religions appropriated the Great Goddesses' powers of creating and sustaining life, and the Great Goddesses' powers over the process of death and renewal/regeneration/rebi.th. -
Death They Dispensed to Mankind the Funerary World of Ancient Mesopotamia 1
DEATH THEY DISPENSED TO MANKIND THE FUNERARY WORLD OF ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA 1 DINA KATZ Leiden Inhumation, rather than discarding of the corpse at a safe distance to rot or be devoured by wild animals, is a sign of respect to the human body. The traditional burial practices point to a funerary cult, with variations that suggest differentiation according to socio-economic status. Deposits of grave goods, particularly food, drink and personal belongings, demonstrate a belief that life continues beyond the grave, and therefore that humankind contains an immortal segment. Thus, death appears as a transitional phase, in which life is transformed from one mode to another. Modern readers may perceive it as a passage from an actual to a mythological reality, but the ancient Mesopotamian treated it as a continuous actual reality, in a different mode and location. 2 1Abbreviations used are those of PSD, CAD. Additional are: ETCSL (www.etcsl.orient.ox.ac.uk ) DGil – The death of Gilgameš (Cavigneaux 2000), Urnamma A – The death of Urnamma (Flückiger-Hawker 1999; ETCSL 2.4.1.1), GEN – Gilgameš, Enkidu and the Netherworld (ETCSL 1.8.1.4), Gilg. – The (Akkadian) Epic of Gilgameš (George 2003), ID – Inana’s Descent (ETCSL 1.4.1), IšD – Ištar’s Descent . For reasons of clarity, brackets marking reconstruction of text were omitted from the translations. 2 It is not my intention to present an integrative history. Cultural uniformity has never really been achieved by the ancient Mesopotamian civilizations. Least of all religious practices, which involved official and popular streams. Therefore, one should bear in mind that we deal with a range of individual histories sharing basic principles and different degrees of common features. -
THE EPIC of GILGAMESH English Version by N
1 THE EPIC OF GILGAMESH English version by N. K. Sandars Penguin Classics ISBN 0 14 044.100X pp. 61-125 PROLOGUE GILGAMESH KING IN URUK I WILL proclaim to the world the deeds of Gilgamesh. This was the man to whom all things were known; this was the king who knew the countries of the world. He was wise, lie saw mysteries and knew secret things, he brought us a tale of the days before the flood. He went on a long journey, was weary, worn-out with labour, returning he rested, he engraved on a stone the whole story. When the gods created Gilgamesh they gave him a perfect body. Shamash the glorious sun endowed him with beauty, Adad the god of the storm endowed him with courage, the great gods made his beauty perfect, surpassing all others, terrifying like a great wild bull. Two thirds they made him god and one third man. In Uruk he built walls, a great rampart, and the temple of blessed Eanna for the god of the firmament Anu, and for Ishtar the goddess of love. Look at it still today: the outer wall where the cornice runs, it shines with the brilliance of copper; and the inner wall, it has no equal. Touch the threshold, it is ancient. Approach Eanna the dwelling of Ishtar, our lady of love and war, the like of which no latter-day king, no man alive can equal. Climb upon the wall of Uruk; walk along it, I say; regard the foundation terrace and examine the masonry: is it not burnt brick and good? The seven sages laid the foundations. -
Ecology of the Erotic in a Myth of Inanna Judy Grahn Institute of Transpersonal Psychology
International Journal of Transpersonal Studies Volume 29 | Issue 2 Article 7 7-1-2010 Ecology of the Erotic in a Myth of Inanna Judy Grahn Institute of Transpersonal Psychology Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.ciis.edu/ijts-transpersonalstudies Part of the Philosophy Commons, Psychology Commons, and the Religion Commons Recommended Citation Grahn, J. (2010). Grahn, J. (2010). Ecology of the erotic in a myth of Inanna. International Journal of Transpersonal Studies, 29(2), 58–67.. International Journal of Transpersonal Studies, 29 (2). http://dx.doi.org/10.24972/ijts.2010.29.2.58 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License. This Special Topic Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals and Newsletters at Digital Commons @ CIIS. It has been accepted for inclusion in International Journal of Transpersonal Studies by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ CIIS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Ecology of the Erotic in a Myth of Inanna Judy Grahn Institute of Transpersonal Psychology Palo Alto, CA, USA Myths of Mesopotamian Goddess Inanna, planet Venus in the ancient Sumerian pantheon, have been useful in psychological processes of contemporary women. A lesser-known myth, “Inanna and Shukaletuda,” includes sexual transgression against the deity and ties the deified erotic feminine with fecundity and sacredness of fields and trees. Interpretation of Inanna’s love poems and poems of nature’s justice contextualizes ecofeminist relevance to psychological issues. Deconstruction of rich imagery illustrates menstrual power as female authority, erotic as a female aesthetic bringing order, and transgender as sacred office of transformation. -
Adam and the Early Mesopotamian Creation Mythology
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works Publications and Research CUNY Central Office 2020 Adam and the Early Mesopotamian Creation Mythology Saad D. Abulhab CUNY Office of Library Services How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/oaa_pubs/17 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] Lost in Translation, Presumption, and Interpretation 1 Adam and the Early Mesopotamian Creation Mythology The hypothesis of a creation of an initial single human from scratch, is the central thematic and philosophical element of monotheism, whether it was originated in Mesopotamia or elsewhere. It embodies the fundamental tenets of the monotheistic concepts of creation and supreme creator. It explains the nature of the first created human and the destiny of humanity. It determines the roots of punishment and rewards in relation to the one god. Whether the first human was created from scratch by a supreme intelligence, or evolved naturally, characterizes the validity of human awareness, and the essence and order of intelligence itself. Singling out ancient Mesopotamia for this study is crucial, since today the term monotheism became synonym to the so-called Abrahamic monotheism of the three major world religions, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, which are believed to be originated from that area. Although the Hebrew Old Testament does not seem to be the sole monotheist source consulted for the topic of human creation in Islam and Christianity, it should nonetheless be the key one to examine, because it was the earliest one. -
Every Flood Myth Africa
Every Flood Myth Africa Although the continent has relatively few flood legends.African cultures preserving an oral tradition of a flood include the Kwaya, Mbuti, Maasai, Mandin, and Yoruba peoples.[ Egypt The flood myth in Egyptian mythology involves the god Ra and his daughter Sekhmet. Ra sent Sekhmet to destroy part of humanity for their disrespect and unfaithfulness which resulted in a great flood of blood. However, Re intervened by getting her drunk and causing her to pass out. This is commemorated in a wine drinking festival during the annual Nile flood. Americas North America Choctaw: A Choctaw Flood Story Ojibwe: Great Serpent and the Great Flood Ojibwe: Manabozho and the Muskrat Ojibwe: Waynaboozhoo and the Great Flood Menomini: Manabozho and the Flood Other Algonquin-speaking peoples: Manabozho Stories Mi'kmaq: Two Creators and their Conflicts Anishinabe: Flood Myth - an Algonquin Story Ottawa: The Great Flood Cree: Cree Flood Story Cree (Knisteneaux): Knisteneaux Flood Myth Nipmuc: Cautanowwit Hopi mythology: Entrance into the Fourth World W̱ SÁNEĆ peoples: flood myth Comox people: Legend of Queneesh Anishinaabe: Turtle Island Inuit: flood myth Nisqually - In the beginning of the Nisqually world. Eskimo (Orowignarak, Alaska): "A great inundation, together with an earthquake, swept the land so rapidly that only a few people escaped in their skin canoes to the tops of the highest mountains." Mesoamerica Mesoamerican flood myths South America Canari Urcocari Inca Unu Pachakuti Mapuche Mapuche Legend of Trentren Vilu and Caicai Vilu Muisca Bochica Tupi Sumé Asia Ancient Near East Sumerian Sumerian creation myth Mesopotamia Gilgamesh flood myth Abrahamic religions Noah's Ark Islamic view of Noah China Yu the Great Nüwa Great Flood (China) India The Matsya avatar comes to the rescue of Manu Manu and Matsya: The legend first appears in Shatapatha Brahmana (700–300 BCE), and is further detailed in Matsya Purana (250–500 CE). -
God Blood1st.Pdf
God Blood Who are we? True History of Civilization By William Johnson Copyright © 2011 William Johnson All rights reserved. ISBN: None yet DEDICATION This Book is dedicated to Mankind. May you be enlightened. Table of Contents Chapter 1 The Beginning – A brief history My first Encounter – Christmas Eve 2009 The Trigger – Forgotten Knowledge of the Sumerians that piqued my curiosity. Curiosity killed the cat – The more information I found the more curious I got. Know our origins- Mesopotamia and the Sumerians connection to rise of civilization The Sumerians and the truth about Noah’s flood – It’s much older than the bible, by almost two thousand years, maybe more. Chapter 2 The Black Sea region – 5500 -5000BC the Black Sea region and the earliest metals. Indo Europeans Language – It was the base for civilization… Racial Traits –– Irish Red hair paired with light eyes unique history I bet you didn’t know but should. My second Encounter – One of the most profound, documented and proven God-like visitations in history. You read, you decide. -Who am I? – I start to question my sanity. Is this happening or am I crazy? An Angel Uriel Answers. My other spiritual encounters – These are other encounters that happened in a series of events that led up to an ultimate judgment. Closing Theory – My final scientific, theory to the origins of these spiritual encounters. Predictions – Regarding the Mayan Colander and our future. Love is divine – All you need is love. Chapter 1 The Beginning Questions asked Is there an Ancient Blood line that is susceptible to visions and holy/spiritual encounters or even enlightenment? Yes, read and see Were Adam and Eve the first Humans? – No, but they were the first of a very old intelligent race. -
Biblical Flood: a Scientific Glimpse
Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University ISSN:1007-1172 BIBLICAL FLOOD: A SCIENTIFIC GLIMPSE Ms. M. Immaculate Nancy Assistant Professor In English, Karpagam College Of Engineering, Coimbatore. [email protected] Abstract: The flood is an important part of Biblical belief. It is also one of the most popular incidents occurred in the in the book of Genesis. Ever since the human evolution, scientists have been trying to trace back the creation of the Universe and also about the Biblical Flood. This paper focuses on the scientific understanding of the Biblical Flood occurrence. Keywords: Biblical Studies, Flood Studies, Belief and Reality The flood is an important part of Biblical belief. It is also one of the most popular incidents occurred in the in the book of Genesis. Ever since the human evolution, scientists have been trying to trace back the creation of the Universe and also about the Biblical Flood. This paper focuses on the scientific understanding of the Biblical Flood occurrence. Many experts view this incident merely as a religious belief and such an occurrence has never happened as the traces of it is still under dispute where as many other experts and archeologists nevertheless analyzing and researching evidences to prove it to be true as they believe that Biblical flood is a historical fact. The incident is narrated in the Bible, which could be found in the Old Testament, book of Genesis, during the period of a noble man named Noah. There were times when polygamy prevailed more and men being lecherous, indulged in many sinful activities, which brought wrath in the eyes of the Lord. -
Clay Pit, You Are the Creator of God and Man!”: Textual Evidence for the Sources of Raw Clay Used in Mesopotamia
ORIENT, Supplement I, 2019, 175–192 “Clay Pit, You Are the Creator of God and Man!”: Textual Evidence for the Sources of Raw Clay Used in Mesopotamia Greta Van BUYLAERE,* Chikako E. WATANABE** and Mark ALTAWEEL*** The extraction of raw clay for the manufacture of mudbricks, pottery, tablets and figurines is rarely described in the cuneiform record. Nevertheless, an examination of the sources reveals that the people of ancient Mesopotamia selected the raw material according to their needs from ‘clay pits’ (clay deposits) or other locations. Ritual texts in particular identify the origin of the clay used for the creation of magical figurines. When an exorcist was instructed to take clay from a clay pit, he first had to ritually appease and compensate the pit for its subsequent exploitation. The origin of clay for mudbricks and tablets is given in specific instances; that of potter’s clay can only be deduced from archaeological and anthropological observations. Keywords: clay sources, clay pits, clay tablets, clay figurines, Mesopotamia It is our honour to dedicate this article to the memory of His Imperial Highness Prince Mikasa for his devotion to the field of Ancient Near Eastern studies. We would like to express our gratitude for his unceasing support to scholars and students. 1. Introduction In ancient Mesopotamia, clay was the most familiar natural resource, abundantly and easily avail- able in the vast alluvial plains through which the Tigris and Euphrates flow. The people used this clay as the raw material for various necessities of life, such as mudbricks, pottery, figurines and clay tablets. -
INSIGHTS from SUMERIAN MYTHOLOGY: the MYTH of ENKI and NINMAḪ and the HISTORY of DISABILITY* Gökhan KAĞNICI**
Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi XXXIII / 2, 2018, 429-450 INSIGHTS FROM SUMERIAN MYTHOLOGY: THE MYTH OF ENKI AND NINMAḪ AND THE HISTORY OF DISABILITY Gökhan KAĞNICI Öz Sümer Mitolojisi Enki ve Ninmah Metnini Sakatlık Tarihi Açısından Değerlendirme Günümüzde sakatlık çalışmalarıyla ve sakatlığın tarihiyle ilgili çalışmalar oldukça yeni sayılır. Dolayısıyla Asur bilimi alanındaki sakatlık çalışmalarının istenilen düzeyde olmadığını ve konuyla ilgili çalışmaların yeni yeni hız kazanmaya başladığını söyleyebiliriz. Eski Mezopotamya’nın sakatlık tarihi açısından oldukça önemli bilgiler barındıran en eski metinlerden birisi, belki de ilki, Enki ve Ninmaḫ başlığıyla bilinen bir Sümer yaratılış mitidir. Bu metnin sakatlık tarihi açısından önemi birtakım sakatlık türleri ve hastalıklarla ilgili bilgiler içermesinin yanı sıra, özellikle sakat ve hasta bireylerin toplumsal bütünleşmelerinin üzerinde durmasıdır. Metin, yüzyıllar boyunca, günümüzde de bir yönüyle, devam eden sakatlığın sadece tıbbı ilgilendiren bir sorun olduğu anlayışının geçersizliğini, sakatlığın aslında toplumsal ve kültürel bağlamlarıyla olan ilişkisini içeren kanıtlarını sunarak ortaya koyar. Eski Mezopotamya toplumlarında sakatlar çoğu zaman şiddetli bir ayrımcılığa maruz bırakılmamış, toplumdan ve üretim mekanizmalarından tamamen dışlanmamış ve sakatlıklarından dolayı öldürülmemişlerdi. Bilakis bu kişiler devletin yönetim mekanizmalarının farklı katmanlarında görev aldılar. Ayrıca onlar doğumdan kaynaklı bozuklukları her zaman bir felaketle ilişkilendirmemiş ve tanrısal bir cezalandırma -
The Middle East
ENG 250 Enuma Elish History/Culture Page !1 of !6 THE MIDDLE EAST The myths from the Middle East, which date from 2500 B.C., are the oldest recorded literature in the world. Yet they reveal a universe of gods and heroes who react to the human condition as we know it today. The gods of Sumer, Babylonia, and Egypt have human personalities and human needs, and they enjoy helping a favorite mortal. In ancient Middle Eastern cultures, the ability to perform magic tricks was considered proof of the ability to govern the world. In the Enuma Elish, the Babylonian creation epic, a male divinity, Marduk, pits his great magical powers against the original female divinity, Tiamat. Because he possesses stronger magic, Marduk wins and becomes the new ruler of the universe. Egyptian myths reflect Egypt's isolated culture and therefore are quire different from the myths of Egypt's neighbors, Sumer and Babylonia. The ancient Egyptian view of the universe included predictable, helpful divinities who combated an evil that could never be permanently conquered. The Egyptians also believed in resurrection for deserving human beings. The myth of Osiris, Isis, and Horus was so important that the Egyptians pictorially depicted it on the walls of their temples. The Hittite myth about Telepinu addresses fertility. Possibly because the first part of the tablet is missing, the reason for the anger that Telepinu feels is not explained; the myth simply describes how the god must be appeased in order for life on earth to continue and flourish. The Sumerian/Babylonian epic Gilgamesh presents what may be the first tragic hero.