DOCSLIB.ORG

Engineering an Empire: Egypt

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Engineering an Empire: Egypt Hi. I’m Peter Weller for the Name: _____________________ History Channel. Join me while we explore Engineering An Empire: Ancient Egypt. Egypt Old Kingdom ~ Menes 1. What new capital city stayed dry during the flooding of the Nile? 2. Who was the first pharaoh of Egypt’s first dynasty, that united upper and lower Egypt? 3. Menes reign came to an end after 62 years. How did Menes die? 4. Egyptians did not need to worry about roads and wheels because of the Nile River. The river ___________ south to north and the Egyptians could use _____________ the from north to south. 5. What did the mud-brick structures, mastabas, act as for the Egyptians? 6. Of the 100 pyramids the Egyptians built, how many still stand today? Old Kingdom ~ Djoser & Imhotep 7. What was revolutionary about was Djoser’s pyramid? 8. What role did women have in the labor force of the building of Djoser’s pyramid? 9. In the Northern tomb, Djoser’s mummified body would be laid to rest. What was the purpose of the Southern tomb? 10. Djoser pushed Egypt’s southern boundary to this location, which became the nation’s border through much of Egypt’s history. 11. How many steps did Djoser’s step-pyramid have? 12. How long did Djoser reign for? Old Kingdom ~ Snefru 13. Who did Snefru marry to consolidate his claim to the throne? (Hint: I don’t need a name) 14. The Meydum pyramid’s core had 8 steps, which were filled in with packing stones, and it was then enclosed with what material to give it its smooth sides? 15. How many of the 8 steps at Meydum still remain today? 16. The pyramid at Dashar had an angle change from 54 degrees to _____ degrees, making it an awkward looking pyramid. 17. The awkward pyramid at Dashar is today known as the ________ Pyramid. 18. What are the three theories on how the Egyptians built the pyramids? 19. What is the name of the first true pyramid ever built? Middle Kingdom ~ Sesostris II 20. Sesostris’ 3 objectives are to secure Egypt’s southern border, take control of trade routes in Nubia and plunder as much Nubian ________ as his troops could carry. 21. The Nubians were renowned, even into the middle ages as expert __________. 22. Sesostris’ remnants of the super forts stood well into the 20th century, but what is the problem with visiting them? 23. By the end of his reign Sesostris’ fort network stretched 200 miles into what present day country? New Kingdom ~ Hatshepsut 24. By the 7th year of the joint reign of Hatshepsut and Thutmose III, Hatshepsut actually calls herself _________. 25. Why does Hatshepsut change her gender? 26. How was Hatshepsut’s tomb different form all of the previous pharaohs? 27. Why was the unfinished obelisk at the quarry abandoned? New Kingdom ~ Amenhoptep/Akhenanten 28. What did Amenhotep do to cause disruption for the Egyptian capital of Luxor? 29. Akhenanten began to take his religion more and more seriously and thus avoided any of the responsibility of __________. 30. In what year was King Tutankhamun’s body found completely undisturbed? New Kingdom ~ Ramses II 31. Why was the Temple of Abu Simbel in danger of being destroyed? 32. How many children did Ramses have by the age of 21? 33. What kingdom did Ramses attack in Syria? What was the outcome of this war? 34. What was the name of Ramses most beloved queen? .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Was the Function of the Earliest Writing in Egypt Utilitarian Or Ceremonial? Does the Surviving Evidence Reflect the Reality?”
    “Was the function of the earliest writing in Egypt utilitarian or ceremonial? Does the surviving evidence reflect the reality?” Article written by Marsia Sfakianou Chronology of Predynastic period, Thinite period and Old Kingdom..........................2 How writing began.........................................................................................................4 Scopes of early Egyptian writing...................................................................................6 Ceremonial or utilitarian? ..............................................................................................7 The surviving evidence of early Egyptian writing.........................................................9 Bibliography/ references..............................................................................................23 Links ............................................................................................................................23 Album of web illustrations...........................................................................................24 1 Map of Egypt. Late Predynastic Period-Early Dynastic (Grimal, 1994) Chronology of Predynastic period, Thinite period and Old Kingdom (from the appendix of Grimal’s book, 1994, p 389) 4500-3150 BC Predynastic period. 4500-4000 BC Badarian period 4000-3500 BC Naqada I (Amratian) 3500-3300 BC Naqada II (Gerzean A) 3300-3150 BC Naqada III (Gerzean B) 3150-2700 BC Thinite period 3150-2925 BC Dynasty 1 3150-2925 BC Narmer, Menes 3125-3100 BC Aha 3100-3055 BC
    [Show full text]
  • The Origin of the Word Amen: Ancient Knowledge the Bible Has Never Told
    Ghana Journal of Linguistics 9.1: 72-96 (2020) ______________________________________________________________________________ http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjl.v9i1.4 EDITORIAL BOOK CRITIQUE: THE ORIGIN OF THE WORD AMEN: ANCIENT KNOWLEDGE THE BIBLE HAS NEVER TOLD Ọbádélé Bakari Kambon Editor-in-Chief Abstract: The Origin of the Word Amen: Ancient Knowledge the Bible has Never Told is a book that promises to pique the interest of any reader interested in classical Kmt ‘Black Nation/Land of the Blacks’, mdw nTr ‘Hieroglyphs,’ the Akan language, and historical-linguistic connections between the three. Specifically, the book promises to deliver information about how the word imn ‘Amen,’ as attested in classical Kmt ‘Black Nation/Land of the Blacks,’ persists in the contemporary Akan language. While under a steady hand this should be a simple enough thesis to substantiate, unfortunately, the authors’ obvious lack of grounding in historical linguistics, their lack of knowledge of mdw nTr ‘Hieroglyphs’ as well as their lack of understanding the morphology (word structure) of the Akan language all mar the analyses presented in the book. Keywords: Amen, Heru Narmer, historical linguistics, folk etymology Osei, O. K., Issa, J., & Faraji, S. (2020). The Origin of the Word Amen: Ancient Knowledge the Bible has Never Told. Long Beach, CA: Amen-Ra Theological Seminary Press. 1. Introduction In The Origin of the Word Amen: Ancient Knowledge the Bible has Never Told, what should be an open-and-shut case is saddled with a plethora of spurious look-alikes and folk etymologies prompted by attempts to analyze one language with another without actually having studying the language to be analyzed itself.
    [Show full text]
  • Press Release Sahure
    PRESS RELEASE Belgian Archaeological Mission to Elkab discovers important fragment of unique Old Kingdom royal statue Since 2009, the Belgian Archaeological Mission to Elkab, directed by Dr. Dirk Huyge of the Royal Museums of Art and History in Brussels, has focused its research on the settlement area of Elkab. Excavation campaigns in 2009, 2010 and 2012 have revealed the presence of a vast habitation area, situated within the Late Period Great Walls, immediately north and west of the temple zone. The oldest occupation phase dates back to the prehistoric Badarian culture (ca. 4200 BC); the most recent one concerns the early Old Kingdom (ca. 2700-2500 BC). The finds at Elkab demonstrate a continuous occupation of the site during almost two millennia. They bear witness to the on-the-spot gradual transition from a prehistoric (Neolithic/Predynastic) village lifestyle to a fully-developed Old Kingdom urban society. The latest test trenches executed at the site in February-March 2015 have allowed the mission to better document both the important 2 nd Dynasty habitation layers, including substantial rectangular buildings with large walls and stone foundations, as well as the late Predynastic (Naqada III period) occupation. The most exceptional find of the 2015 campaign, however, was that of a fragment (base and lower part of legs) of an Old Kingdom royal statue. The preserved height is 21.7 cm. The inscriptions on the fragment have been independently verified and read by Egyptologists Prof. John Coleman Darnell (Yale University, New Haven, US) and Dr. Luc Delvaux (Royal Museums of Art and History, Brussels, Belgium).
    [Show full text]
  • The Organization of the Pyramid Texts
    The Organization of the Pyramid Texts Harold M. Hays - 9789004227491 Downloaded from Brill.com09/26/2021 09:57:14AM via free access Probleme der Ägyptologie Herausgegeben von Wolfgang Schenkel Antonio Loprieno und Joachim Friedrich Quack 31. BAND The titles published in this series are listed at brill.nl/pae Harold M. Hays - 9789004227491 Downloaded from Brill.com09/26/2021 09:57:14AM via free access The Organization of the Pyramid Texts Typology and Disposition (Volume One) By Harold M. Hays Leiden • BostoN The titles published in this series are listed at brill.nl/pae 2012 Harold M. Hays - 9789004227491 Downloaded from Brill.com09/26/2021 09:57:14AM via free access The digital edition of this title is published in Open Access. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hays, Harold M. The organization of the pyramid texts : typology and disposition / by Harold M. Hays. v. cm. — (Probleme der Ägyptologie, ISSN 0169-9601 ; 31. Bd.) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-21865-9 (set : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-90-04-23001-9 (v. 1 : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-90-04-22749-1 (e-book) — ISBN 978-90-04-23002-6 (v. 2 : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-90-04-22749-1 (e-book) 1. Pyramid texts. 2. Egyptian literature—History and criticism. I. Title. II. Series: Probleme der Ägyptologie ; 31. Bd. PJ1553.H39 2012 299’.3182—dc23 2012006795 ISSN 0169-9601 ISBN 978 90 04 21865 9 (hardback, set) ISBN 978 90 04 23001 9 (hardback, volume 1) ISBN 978 90 04 23002 6 (hardback, volume 2) ISBN 978 90 04 22749 1 (e-book) Copyright 2012 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands.
    [Show full text]
  • Cwiek, Andrzej. Relief Decoration in the Royal
    Andrzej Ćwiek RELIEF DECORATION IN THE ROYAL FUNERARY COMPLEXES OF THE OLD KINGDOM STUDIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT, SCENE CONTENT AND ICONOGRAPHY PhD THESIS WRITTEN UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF PROF. KAROL MYŚLIWIEC INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY FACULTY OF HISTORY WARSAW UNIVERSITY 2003 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work would have never appeared without help, support, advice and kindness of many people. I would like to express my sincerest thanks to: Professor Karol Myśliwiec, the supervisor of this thesis, for his incredible patience. Professor Zbigniew Szafrański, my first teacher of Egyptian archaeology and subsequently my boss at Deir el-Bahari, colleague and friend. It was his attitude towards science that influenced my decision to become an Egyptologist. Professor Lech Krzyżaniak, who offered to me really enormous possibilities of work in Poznań and helped me to survive during difficult years. It is due to him I have finished my thesis at last; he asked me about it every time he saw me. Professor Dietrich Wildung who encouraged me and kindly opened for me the inventories and photographic archives of the Ägyptisches Museum und Papyrussammlung, and Dr. Karla Kroeper who enabled my work in Berlin in perfect conditions. Professors and colleagues who offered to me their knowledge, unpublished material, and helped me in various ways. Many scholars contributed to this work, sometimes unconsciously, and I owe to them much, albeit all the mistakes and misinterpretations are certainly by myself. Let me list them in an alphabetical order, pleno titulo: Hartwig
    [Show full text]
  • Interpreting Graffiti in the Saqqara New Kingdom Necropolis As Expressions of Popular Customs and Beliefs”, Rivista Del Museo Egizio 3 (2019)
    van Pelt, W. Paul and Nico Staring, “Interpreting Graffiti in the Saqqara New Kingdom Necropolis as Expressions of Popular Customs and Beliefs”, Rivista del Museo Egizio 3 (2019). DOI: 10.29353/rime.2019.2577 Interpreting Graffiti in the Saqqara New Kingdom Necropolis as Expressions of Popular Customs and Beliefs W. Paul van Pelt, Nico Staring Previous examinations of ancient Egyptian graffiti have focused on textual graffiti and developed interpre- tations specific to this class of evidence. In contrast, relatively few studies have considered the communica- tive power and meaning of figural graffiti, presumably because of the inherent challenges that this data set presents to academic research. To counterbalance the current emphasis on textual graffiti, this contribution examines graffiti making in the New Kingdom necropolis at Saqqara using an integrated approach taking in both textual and figural material. In accordance with the imagistic principle of Egyptian magic, the authors propose that certain types of figural graffiti may be regarded as pictorial prayers in their own right, intended to ensure the permanent presence of the graffitist in the tomb, or to protect and beatify the deceased in the afterlife. Since literacy is not a prerequisite for drawing a picture, the important question is raised of whether the production of figural graffiti expanded throughout the social scale or, like textual graffiti, was restricted to the elite and sub-elite. ملخص البحث: الدراسات السابقة التي تم اإجرؤها على الكتابة و النقوش الجد ا ري ة المصرية القديمة رك زت إهتمامها على تفسيرات معينة لهذا 120 النوع من اﻷدلة. في المقابل تناولت بعض الدراسات القوة التعبيرية والمعنى من وراء النقوش التصويرية، على اﻷرجح بسبب التحديات التي توفرها مجموعة البيانات هذه إلى البحث اﻷكاديمي.
    [Show full text]
  • Astronomy, Topography and Dynastic History in the Age of the Pyramids
    Astronomy, topography and dynastic history in the Age of the Pyramids. Giulio Magli Faculty of Civil Architecture - Politecnico di Milano Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy It is known since the 19 century that in the layout of the pyramid field of the pharaohs of the 4 th Egyptian dynasty at Giza, a “main axis” exists. Indeed, the south-east corners of these monuments align towards the site of the temple of Heliopolis, which was plainly visible in ancient times. It was later discovered that a similar situation occurs in the main pyramid field of the subsequent dynasty at Abu Sir. Here, the north-west corners of three chronologically successive pyramids again voluntarily align towards Heliopolis. However, the temple was in this case not visible, due to the rock outcrop- today occupied by the Cairo citadel - which blocks the view. In the present paper, a multi-disciplinary approach based on historical, topographical and archaeoastronomical analysis is developed in an attempt at understanding this peculiar feature, which governed from the very beginning the planning of such wonderful monuments. A general pattern actually arises, which appears to have inspired the choice of the sites and the disposition on the ground of almost all the funerary complexes of the kings during the Old Kingdom. 1. Introduction An interesting feature exists in the layouts of the pyramids of Giza and Abu Sir: the presence of a “main axis” directed to the area where the ancient temple of the sun of Heliopolis once stood, on the opposite bank of the Nile. These axes are connected with a process of “solarisation” of the pharaoh which probably started with Khufu, the builder of the Great Pyramid.
    [Show full text]
  • Geometry and Perspective in the Landscape of the Saqqara Pyramids
    GEOMETRY AND PERSPECTIVE IN THE LANDSCAPE OF THE SAQQARA PYRAMIDS MAGLI Giulio, (I) Abstract. A series of peculiar, visual alignments between the pyramids of the pharaohs of the 4th , the 5th and the 6th Egyptian dynasties exists. These alignments governed from the very beginning the planning of the funerary monuments of successive kings and, in some cases, led to establish building sites in quite inconvenient locations from the technical viewpoint. Explaining the topography of these monuments means therefore also investigating on their symbolic motivations: religion, power, dynastic lineage and social context, as well as getting insights on the skills of the ancient architects in astronomy and geometry. In the present paper we focus on the relationships between the Old Kingdom pyramids at Saqqara. Key words. Ancient astronomy. Ancient and sacred geometry. Egyptian pyramids. Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary 01A16, 51-03. 1 Introduction th It is known since the 19 century that an interesting feature exists in the layouts of the pyramids of th the 4 dynasty at Giza: the presence of a “main axis” connecting the south-east corners of the three main monuments and directed to the area where the ancient temple of the sun of Heliopolis once stood, on the opposite bank of the Nile [1,2,3]. This line is connected with a process of “solarisation” of the pharaohs which started with Khufu, the builder of the Great Pyramid, and th lasted up Menkaure, the builder of the third Giza pyramid [4,5]. The kings of the 5 dynasty moved - in spite of the presence of several favorable places to the immediate south of Giza - some 7 Kms apart on the plateau of Abusir.
    [Show full text]
  • Download PDF (587.4
    Chronological table (Based on J� von Beckerath, Chronologie des pharaonischen Ägypten. Die Zeitbestimmung der ägyptischen Geschichte von der Vorzeit bis 332 v. Chr., Mainz am Rhein 1997)� Predynastic period dynasty 0, about 150 years Early dynastic period dynasty I, ca� 2982–2803 BC including pharaohs named Hor Aha (= Menes), Hor Dewen, Hor Semerkhet dynasty II, ca� 2803–2657 BC including pharaohs named Hor Hotepsekhemwy, Hor Nynetjer, Hor Sekhemib Old Kingdom dynasty III, ca� 2657–2589 BC including pharaohs named Nebka, Djoser (= Hor Netjerikhet), Djoser-tety (= Hor Sekhemkhet) dynasty IV, ca� 2589–2454 BC including pharaohs named Snofru, Cheops (= Khufu), Chephren (= Khafre), Mykerinos (= Menkaure), Shepseskaf dynasty V, ca� 2454–2297 BC including pharaohs named Userkaf, Sahure, Neferirkare Kakai, Shepseskare, Niuserre Ini, Djedkare Izezi dynasty VI, ca� 2297–2166 BC pharaohs named Teti, Userkare, Pepi I, Nemti-em-saf I (= Merenre), Pepi II, Nemti-em-saf II, Queen Nitokris ephemeral dynasties VII-VIII: dynasty VIII, ca� 2166–2120 BC First Intermediate Period dynasties IX-X (in Herakleopolis), ca� 2120–2020 BC Middle Kingdom dynasty XI (first in Thebes, later in the whole of Egypt), ca� 2119––1976 BC including pharaohs named Mentuhotep I–IV, Antef I–III dynasty XII, ca� 1976–1793 BC including pharaohs named Sesostris I–III, Ammenemes I–IV, Queen Nefrusobek Karol Jan Myliwiec - 9783631820612 Downloaded from PubFactory at 09/24/2021 04:34:59AM via free access 16 Chronological table Second Intermediate Period, ca� 1793–1550 BC ephemeral
    [Show full text]
  • Pharaoh's Nine Bows, by Dr. Glenn Carnagey
    CTSJ 3:1 (Summer 1997) p. 1 Pharaoh’s Nine Bows — Dr. Glenn Carnagey * Chafer Theological Seminary [*Editor’s note: Dr. Carnagey earned his B.A. at the University of Houston, Th.M. at Dallas Theological Seminary, and Ph.D. at the University of Tulsa. Glenn has done extensive archaeological work in the Near East and editorial work for a major archaeological journal, as well as presenting scholarly papers at meetings of the Evangelical Theological Society. Dr. Carnagey has also pastored churches in Texas, Oklahoma, and Minnesota. He is a member of Chafer Seminary’s National Board of Advisors, is a contributing editor to the CTS Journal, and was instrumental in the formation of CTS.] Introduction In the year 1210 B.C., Merneptah, 13th son of the mighty Pharaoh Ramses II (already an old man), assumed the throne of Egypt. Almost immediately in his third year he had to fight one nation after another along the long borders of Egypt. Breasted describes the menacing armies like this: [W]ith the Libyans on the one hand and the peoples of remoter Asia Minor on the other, they broke in wave on wave upon the borders of the Pharaoh’s empire. Egypt was inevitably thrown on the defensive, her day passed for conquest and aggression, and for six hundred years the empire made no serious effort to extend her borders.1 According to his account of the results of his battles (never totally reliable in Egyptian history) on the Merneptah Stele: “Israel is laid waste, his seed is not.”2 This is indeed a strange comment in such an important document.
    [Show full text]
  • Charles University in Prague Faculty of Arts Czech Institute of Egyptology
    Charles University in Prague Faculty of Arts Czech Institute of Egyptology Propositions for Doctoral dissertation Pyramidový komplex Djedkarea Isesiho v jižní Sakkáře a jeho výzdobný program The Pyramid Complex of Djedkare-Isesi at Saqqara South and its Decorative Program Mohamed Megahed Program of the Study: History Field of the Study: Egyptology Supervisor: Prof. Mgr. Miroslav Bárta, Dr. 2016 Chapter I: Introduction The reign of King Djedkare is one of the key eras in the Fifth Dynasty history, when the socio- economic development from the earlier rules of the dynasty resulted in significant administrative reforms as well as important religious changes. The reign of Djedkare is a broad subject for discussion because its many aspects deserve to be studied in detail. The present thesis concentrates on the funerary monument of the king and its relief decoration. During his long reign, Djedkare built his pyramid complex in South Saqqara, several kilometers to the south from the royal cemetery of the Fifth Dynasty located in Abusir, and from central Saqqara area where the pyramid complexes of Weserkaf and possibly Menkauhor were established earlier in the same dynasty. Djedkare thus started a new royal cemetery on a place that had not previously been used for royal burials. This royal cemetery was later continuously used in the Sixth Dynasty, and Pepy I and Merenre together with their families constructed their burial monuments nearby. Until now, the reason why Djedkare moved to this new area is not satisfactorily answered. The pyramid complex of King Djedkare in South Saqqara and its significance in the development of Old Kingdom royal monuments have been discussed by many scholars (among others Verner 2002, 324–332; Verner 2014, 178–181).
    [Show full text]
  • The Twelfth Dynasty, Whose Capital Was Lisht
    استمارة تقييم الرسائل البحثية ملقرر دراس ي اوﻻ : بيانات تمﻷ بمعرفة الطالب اسم الطالب : مصطفى طه علي سليمان كلية : اﻷداب الفرقة/املستوى : اﻷولى الشعبة : شعبة عامة اسم املقرر : English كود املقرر: .. استاذ املقرر : د.آيات الخطيب - د.محمد حامد عمارة البريد اﻻلكترونى للطالب : [email protected] عنوان الرسالة البحثية : The History of the Ancient Egypt ثانيا: بيانات تمﻷ بمعرفة لجنة املمتحنيين هل الرسالة البحثية املقدمة متشابة جزئيا او كليا ☐ نعم ☐ ﻻ فى حالة اﻻجابة بنعم ﻻ يتم تقييم املشروع البحثى ويعتبر غير مجاز تقييم املشروع البحثى م عناصر التقييم الوزن التقييم النسبى 1 الشكل العام للرسالة البحثية 2 تحقق املتطلبات العلمية املطلوبة 3 يذكر املراجع واملصادر العلمية 4 الصياغة اللغوية واسلوب الكتابة جيد نتيجة التقييم النهائى /100 ☐ ناجح ☐ راسب توقيع لجنة التقييم 1. .2 .3 .4 .5 بسم هللا الرمحن الرحي "المقدمة" The history of ancient Egypt spans the period from the early prehistoric settlements of the northern Nile valley to the Roman conquest of Egypt in 30 BC. The pharaonic period, the period in which Egypt was ruled by a pharaoh, is dated from the 32nd century BC, when Upper and Lower Egypt were unified, until the country fell under Macedonian rule in 332 BC. The historical records of ancient Egypt begin with Egypt as a unified state, which occurred sometime around 3150 BC. According to Egyptian tradition, Menes, thought to have unified Upper and Lower Egypt, was the first king. This Egyptian culture, customs, art expression, architecture, and social structure were closely tied to religion, remarkably stable, and changed little over a period of nearly 3000 years.
    [Show full text]